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PharmacognosticalPharmacognosticalsearch of search of

MYRRHMYRRH

Prepared by:Tariq AL-shehriMeshal alqahtaniAdel alqarni

Supervisor by: Dr. Mohammed al-yahya

King Saud UniversityPharmacy collageDepartment of Pharmacognocy

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IntroductionIntroduction ::Myrrh (Arabian or Somali)

Myrrh is an oleo gum resin;obtained from the stem of various species of Commiphora(Burseraceae); growing in

north east Africa and Arabia.

British texts have traditionallygiven the principal source asC.molmol . The EP and BPdefinition cites Commiphoramolmol Engler and/or otherspecies of Commiphora . Two

other species. C. abyssinica and C. schimperi , both of which may attain a height of 10 m grow in Arabia and

Abyssinia. The drug is chieflycollected in Somali land andEthiopia. Som ali man collect Myrrh from

tree

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Nomenclatur Nomenclatur e:e:

Products of the myrrh type were well known tothe ancients under the names of bola. bal. orbol. The drug is still known to the Indiantraders as 'heerabol'. while the Somalis call it'mulmul' or 'ogo' and also in Arabic called

"morrh" ( ه ر . (م

Many references occur in the old testament, butthe product was apparently that derived from

C.erthyaea var. glabrescens; which is known tothe Somalis as 'habbak hadi'. and commercially asperfumed bdellium or bissabol.However, the term ultimately derives from the

aramic word (murr), meaning "bitter".

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Constituents:Constituents:Myrrh contains 7-17% of volatile

oil, 25-40% of resin, 57-6l%of 'gum' and some 3-4% of

impurities.The volatile oil contains

terpenes, sesquiterpenes,ester, cuminic, aldehyde andeugenol.

The sesquiteripenes fractioncontains

furanosesquiterpenesincludingfuranogermacranes,furanoguaianes andfuranoeudesmanes.Furaneudesma-1, 3-diene andcurzarenc have morphine-like properties and act on the

central nervous systemopioidreceptors:furanodiene-6-oneand methoxy furanoguaia-9-ene-8-one show antibacterialand antifungal activityagainst standard strains of pathogenic species .

The oil, which is distilled outsidethe countries of origin.

M YRRH t r e e

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Cont,Cont,

- The chemistry of the resinsis complex and not fullyelucidated The Largerether-soluble portioncontains α-, β- and ỵ-commiphoric acids,theesters of another resinacid and two phenolicresins.

- The smaller ether-insolublefraction contains α-, β-heerabomyrrholic acids.

The crude alcohol-insoluble matter('gum')contains about 18%of protein and 64% of carbohydrate containinggalactose, arabinose andglucuronic acid. This gumis associated with anoxidase enzyme.

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Uses:Uses:- Myrrh is used in incense and perfumes.Like many other resins; it has local stimulant and antiseptic

properties.- It is chiefly employed in medicine in theform of a mouth-wash.

- In Chinese medicine, therefore recommended for rheumatic,arthritic, and circulatory problems, and for amenorrhea,dysmenorrhea, menopause, and uterine tumors.

-- - In Ayurvedic, use in treatment of circulatory problems,

nervous system disorders and rheumatic complaints.-- - finally, Myrrh has also been recommended as an analgesic

for toothaches, and can be used in liniment for bruises,aches, and sprains.

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ome pro uct o myrrome pro uc o myrrgum:gum:‘Myrrh Gum’ from nature’s

way :

100 capsule of myrrh resin

Encapsulated Myrrh gum treeresin. This is the samemyrrh gum frequentlymentioned in the bible it isobtained from trees foundonly in East Africa andArabia.

Myrrh gum is frequently usedfor both it's aromatic andherbal properties. It wasalso used anciently as anantiseptic for sore throats

and as a mouthwash.

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Myrrh essential oilMyrrh essential oil

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Some picture of myrrh treeSome picture of myrrh tree

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Some picture of gumSome picture of gum

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Myrrh is the dried oleo gum resin of a

number of Commiphora species of trees. It is collected from Somali,yemen, Abyssinia, and Ethiopia. Myrrhis used as an antiseptic inmouthwashes, gargles, andtoothpastes for prevention andtreatment of gum disease. It contains

Volatile oilResinGum.

And some chemical compounds .

Summary:

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Knowledgement:Knowledgement:Gratefully, I thank prof. Mohammed al-yahya,

course supervisor, for all his advices,invaluable help and encouragement. Also, We are indebted to the Herbal andAlternative Medicine Unit; in the Collage of Pharmacy, King Saud University for providingliteratures and pharmacoinformatic facilities.

Finally, a special thanks Library PrinceSalman in King Saud University.