Pests of PaddyPests of Paddy

LEAF, STEM AND LEAF, STEM AND SEED SUCKING SEED SUCKING

INSECTSINSECTS

Nephotettix Nephotettix spp.spp.

Homoptera:CicadellidaeHomoptera:Cicadellidae Bena hijau/leafhopperBena hijau/leafhopper Suck the leaf, stem and rice grain (biji)Suck the leaf, stem and rice grain (biji) Pest: nymph and adultPest: nymph and adult Transmits virus diseases such as tungro Transmits virus diseases such as tungro

((N. virescensN. virescens), yellow dwarf, yellow-), yellow dwarf, yellow-orange leaf orange leaf

Simptom: leaf yellowish and dry,small Simptom: leaf yellowish and dry,small grain,, sterile, plant stuntedgrain,, sterile, plant stunted

Nephotettix virescensNephotettix virescens

Control measures:Control measures: 1) dry the field after harvesting1) dry the field after harvesting 2) destroy the remaining rice plants 2) destroy the remaining rice plants

after harvesting( esp. those which after harvesting( esp. those which are infected)are infected)

3)area with severe damage: use 3)area with severe damage: use insecticide one week after seedinginsecticide one week after seeding

Racun: 0.1% carbaryl, dimethoateRacun: 0.1% carbaryl, dimethoate Biocontrol: Miridae (hemiptera), Biocontrol: Miridae (hemiptera),

nematode parasitize nymph & adultnematode parasitize nymph & adult

Nilaparvata lugensNilaparvata lugens Homoptera: DelphacidaeHomoptera: Delphacidae Bena perang/ brown planthopperBena perang/ brown planthopper Suck the sap of a growing padi Suck the sap of a growing padi

plant( near water level)plant( near water level) Nymphs and adults cause damage Nymphs and adults cause damage

A high density of population A high density of population HOPPERBURNHOPPERBURN

crops dries up in round patches, crops dries up in round patches, brownish colorbrownish color

Disease: ragged stunt, grassy stuntDisease: ragged stunt, grassy stunt

draining the rice field for 3-4 days is draining the rice field for 3-4 days is recommended during the early stage of recommended during the early stage of infestation. infestation.

Nitrogen application can be split to Nitrogen application can be split to reduce BPH buildup. reduce BPH buildup.

Maintaining a free-rice period could Maintaining a free-rice period could also decrease the build-up of populationalso decrease the build-up of population

Spray with acephate 0.1% a.i, Spray with acephate 0.1% a.i, phenthoate 0.05% a.iphenthoate 0.05% a.i

Biocontrol: use of spiders Biocontrol: use of spiders (predators) eg: (predators) eg: Lycosa Lycosa pseudoannulatapseudoannulata (20 BPH/day) (20 BPH/day)

Scotinophora coarctataScotinophora coarctata

Hemiptera:PentatomidaeHemiptera:Pentatomidae Kutu beruang/rice black bugKutu beruang/rice black bug Adult & nymphAdult & nymph Suck sap from base Suck sap from base

of padi stem of padi stem

Weakening padi, seed production decrease,, Weakening padi, seed production decrease,, severe: padi stunted, leaves turn reddish severe: padi stunted, leaves turn reddish brownbrown

Control: During early infestation, the water Control: During early infestation, the water level in the field may be raised for 2-3 days level in the field may be raised for 2-3 days to force the insects to move upwards. to force the insects to move upwards.

Flooding the fields can also cause higher Flooding the fields can also cause higher egg mortality. egg mortality.

After harvest, fields might be plowed to After harvest, fields might be plowed to remove remaining insectsremove remaining insects

Sogatella furciferaSogatella furcifera

Homoptera: Delphacidae:planthopperHomoptera: Delphacidae:planthopper Adult and nymphAdult and nymph Suck the sap from leaf blade and leaf Suck the sap from leaf blade and leaf

sheathsheath Symptom; reddich brown patches on Symptom; reddich brown patches on

leaf, for serious infestation you can see leaf, for serious infestation you can see yellow patchesControl: drain off water yellow patchesControl: drain off water 2-3 days,then flood again (same like 2-3 days,then flood again (same like Nilaparvata lugens)Nilaparvata lugens)

spray gamma BHC, endosulfan, spray gamma BHC, endosulfan, carbaryl ( all 0.1% a.i)carbaryl ( all 0.1% a.i)

Use Use Metarhizium anisopliae Metarhizium anisopliae (fungus)(fungus) foliar spraying of insecticides foliar spraying of insecticides

directed at the base of the rice plant directed at the base of the rice plant is the most effectiveis the most effective

PENGOREK PENGOREK BATANGBATANG

(STEMBORER)(STEMBORER)

Scirpophaga incertulasScirpophaga incertulas

Lepidoptera:PyralidaeLepidoptera:Pyralidae Yellow stemborerYellow stemborer The caterpillars bore into the rice stem The caterpillars bore into the rice stem

and hollow out the stem completelyand hollow out the stem completely the early stages of growth, drying up the early stages of growth, drying up

of young leaves or death of tillers.  of young leaves or death of tillers.  Attack is more common at 'bunting' Attack is more common at 'bunting' stage and then the ear may not emerge stage and then the ear may not emerge and if it does ;it may be empty and if it does ;it may be empty

Control: control measures e.g. Control: control measures e.g. spraying surface of water at spraying surface of water at maximum tillering may be useful maximum tillering may be useful

PEMAKAN DAUNPEMAKAN DAUNleaf eaterleaf eater

Spodoptera lituraSpodoptera litura Lepidoptera:NoctuidaeLepidoptera:Noctuidae Ulat ratus/armywormUlat ratus/armyworm Eat leaf-blades, particularly serious in nursery Eat leaf-blades, particularly serious in nursery

and dry padi. and dry padi. Control: Control: Dust 25 lb per acre of  Dust 25 lb per acre of  

     a mixture of 5% DDT       a mixture of 5% DDT       dust and wood ash.        dust and wood ash.  

2.  If possible, flood the  2.  If possible, flood the       nursery.       nursery.  

3.  Spray with 3 pints  3.  Spray with 3 pints       25% DDT emulsion       25% DDT emulsion       in 40-80 gallons of       in 40-80 gallons of       water per acre.     water per acre.