Personality

What is Personality?

People differ fromeach other inmeaningful ways

People seem to show some consistency in behavior

Personality is defined as distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting

Personality• Personality refers to a person’s unique and

relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions

• Personality is an interaction between biology and environment

There are some personalities identify their personality traits

Personality & Emotions

Personality Refers to the relative stable pattern of behaviors and consistence

internal state that explain a person’s behavioral tendency

How do personality Differ• Personality is the set of behavior and traits that

characterize an individual. The longer and better we know someone , the more likely we are recognize the pattern of how that individual respond to various people and situation.

• Personality determinants are:1. Heredity2. Environment3. Situation

Personality Determinants1. Heredity

Factors that were determined at conception. Physique, facial attractiveness,

gender, temperament.

2. EnvironmentAll the circumstances, people, things, and events that influence an individual’s life.

3. SituationGenerally refers to what is happening in a particular place at a particular time.

Personality Traits

•Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior. such as; Shy , aggressive , lazy , ambitious, loyal, timid.

•A specific component of personality that describes particular tendencies a person has to feel, think, and act in certain ways.

Personality TypesType A’s1. Are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;2. Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take

place;3. Strive to think or do two or more things at once;4. Cannot cope with leisure time;5. Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in

terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.Type B’s

1. Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience;

2. Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless exposure is demanded by the situation;

3. Play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their superiority at any cost;

4. Can relax without guilt.

Type and Trait Approaches Describe Behavioral Dispositions

•“Personality Types” are discrete categories into which we place people

•Personality “traits” are dispositional: they prompt persons to behave, think, and feel in enduring patterns across situations

There are some approaches to measure the personality traits.

1. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

2. The Big Five

Traits Approaches to personality

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

It is most widely used personality assessmentinstrument in the world. It is a 100 questionpersonality test that ask people how they usuallyfeel or act in particular situation. On the bases ofthe answer individuals personality divide into 16personality types.they are classified as ; •Extroverted or introverted (E or I)•Sensing or initiative (S or I) •Thinking or feeling (T or F)• Judging or perceiving (J or P).

Extraversion•More interested in the external world of

people and things•They derive meaning from connections

with the external environment•They maximize interactions

Introversion•Interested more in the

internal world of ideas and concepts

•Enjoy loneliness•Prefer to withdrawal from

external activities

Sensing•A tendency to perceive by relying on

observable facts or happenings through the senses

•Persons with this preference are inclined to use practical fact oriented approaches

Intuition•Emphasizes concepts, theories,

relationships and possibilities•Values inspiration

Thinking•Make decisions impersonally, logically

assessing cause and effect relationships related to data

•These people evaluate ideas and data objectively and value inferences reasonably drawn from events and circumstances more than any other type of evidence.

Feeling•They emphasize the

effect the decision will have on people and interpersonal relationships

•The attend more to human than to technical aspects of problems and value these concerns more than any other type of evidence

Judging•Prefer a structured, scheduled,

planned and controlled environment

•Tend to be organized, deliberate and capable of making decisions with a minimum of stress.

•They are usually scheduled, develop fixed ideas of how things should be done.

•They push strongly for conclusion.

Perceiving•Prefer a flexible,

spontaneous and adaptive environment.

•They tend to continue to collect information rather then make a decision.

•Have a wait and see attitude.

•Spontaneous lifestyle

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A personality test that taps four characteristics &

classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.1 Extroverted

outgoing, sociable, & confidentIntrovertedquiet & shy

2 Sensingpractical, prefer routine & order

Intuitivefocus on details & possibilities

3 Thinkinguse reason & logic to handle problems

Feelingrely on personal values & emotions

4 Judgingstructured, time oriented, decisive, & organized

Perceivingflexible, exploring, & spontaneous

Class Room Activity

Population Distribution

http://www.mypersonality.info/personality-types/population-gender/

Sixteen

Primary

Traits

Problems with MBTI•It force the person to be categories as

either one type or another .

• It’s results tend to be unrelated to job performance , it probably should not be used as a selection test for choosing among job candidates.

The Big Five ModelSince personality comparisons of many elements, psychologists work to identify critical factors that help people observe and understand an individual’s style and behavioral pattern. One such set of factors is referred to by some psychologists as the” Big Five Model” (MCCare 1992;Smith et al.2001) and the theory of personality based on the factors identified is known as the Big Five Model.

Five factors are most important to understand the personality

1. Openness

2. Conscientiousness

3. Extraversion

4. Agreeable

5. Neuroticism

The Big-Five Model of Personality

• Extroversion This component focuses on the comfort level of an individual in their interaction with others.

• Agreeableness This refers to an individual’s behavior towards others while interacting with them ; for example A personality dimension describing someone who is good-natured, cooperative, and trustable.

• Conscientiousness Conscientiousness refers to the extent to which individual show consistent and reliable behavior whole working in the organization .A personality dimension describing someone who is responsible, dependable, and organized.

• Emotional Stability Emotional stability refers to the ability of an individual to control his or her emotions at the time of crisis. Individual with high stability are more controlled with their emotions and are calm and self- confident. On the other hand , those with low emotional stability are more nervous , depressed, and insecure in their approach.

• Openness to ExperienceIt is measures the individual’s ability to be open to any kind of experience that help him or her to do the job effectively. Individuals who are less open to experience are more creative and sensitive. However, those who are less open to experience are conservative in their approach and feel uncomfortable in a new environment.

Big Five personality dimensions Openness to Experience(intellect, imagination, curiosity, creativity) Conscientiousness(order, duty, deliberation, self-discipline) Extraversion(sociability, boldness, activity, positive emotions) Agreeableness(trust, kindness, cooperation) Neuroticism(anxiety, depression, moodiness, openness to stress)

ExtroversionExtroverted people• Energetic • Passionate • Dominant • Sociable• Talkative

Introverted people• Shy• Retiring• Submissive• Quiet

Agreeableness

High Agreeableness

• Friendly• Cooperative• Trusting• Warm

Low Agreeableness

• Cold• Argumentative

ConscientiousnessConscientious• Cautious• Dependable• Organized• Responsible

Impulsive• Careless• Disorderly• Undependable

NeuroticismEmotionally unstable• Nervous• High-strung• Tense• Worrying

Emotionally stable• Calm• Contented

OpennessHigh on Openness• Imaginative• Clever• Original• Artistic

Low on Openness• Down to earth• Conventional• Conformist• Simple

Assignment write on your personality what

personality traits you have to found in your self in the light of personality

theories

Major Personality Attributes

influencing OB

Locus of Control

Machiavellianism

Self-Esteem

Self-Monitoring

Risk Taking

Type A & B Personality

Proactive Personality

Locus of ControlThe degree to which people believe they are masters of

their own fate.It is a dimension of personality that explain the degree to which people believe that they, rather then external

forces, determinants their own lives.

InternalsIndividuals who believe that they control what happens to them. ExternalsIndividuals who believe that what happens to them is controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.

Machiavellianism (Mach)

The degree to which an individual is practical, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify

means.(output depend on input)

It is a personality attributes that describe the extent to which a person manipulates others for personal gainsHigh Machs

Manipulate more, win more, are persuaded less, and persuade others more.

Low MachsConvince others in a long time with lot of efforts .

Self-Esteem (SE)

Individual’s degree of liking or disliking of themselves.(properly performed or

not)It is the judgment one makes about

one’s own worth.High SEsIndividuals who believe that they possess the ability they need to succeed at work.

Low SEsIndividuals who are susceptible to external influence & dependent on the receipt of positive evaluations from others.

Self-Monitoring

A personality trait that measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,

situational factors.

High self-monitorsIndividuals who show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors. ( more critical)Low self-monitorsIndividuals who tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation.

Risk-Taking

Willingness to take chances.

High risk-takersMake quicker decisions & use less information to make decisions.

Low risk-takersAre slower to make decisions & require more information before making decisions.