Pershing Ia Operational Scenario

U.S. Army Missile Research and Development Command

Foreword

This analysis presents a guide to be used by the logistician and others involved in the development of maintenance and support concepts for the current Pershing system. The operational scenario presented combines the basic operational data for the Pershing deployment of the missile system. The previous similar document, OR 13,907 is obso- lete and should be destroyed. Any comments regarding material content o r requests for additional copies of this manual should be directed to:

Commander U.S. Army Missile Research and Development Command Redstone Arsenal, 'Alabama 35809

ATTN: DRCPM-PE-S

Contents

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter One . Pershing System Hardware 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter Two . Transportation 3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter Three . Mission 4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter Four . Mode of Operation 5

Chapter Five . Organizational Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . USAREUR 7

Basic Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Battery Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Operational Rotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Field Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Countdown Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic Description 16

Chapter Six . Logistic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Chapter Seven . Maintenance and Repair Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter Eight . Functional Flow 20

Chapter Nine . System Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Chapter Ten . System Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix A Functional Flow Diagrams ( ~ p e r a t i o n / ~ q u i p m e n t ) 25

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix B . Top Level Planning Flow Diagrams 31

Illustrations

1 Typical Equipment Use and Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2 Organizational Structure . Pershing Brigade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3 Pershing Activities in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4 Idealistic Peacetime Equipment Emplacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Idealistic Equipment Emplacement 12

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 USAREUR Pershing Deployment 15

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Direct Support System 17

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Maintenance and Repair Sequence 19

Tables

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Typical Peacetime Countdown Frequency Summary 15

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1 Mean Corrective Time 21

Abbreviations

A /O - Arty-Ord

ARU - Azimuth Reference Unit

BCC - Battery Control Central

CAS - Combat Alert Status

CONUS - Continental United States

DT - Development Test

EL - Erector Launcher

FAS - Field Alert Status

FDT - Facilities Distribution Trai ler

FOT - Follow-On Operational Test

F RG - Federal Republic of Germany

GAF - German Air Force

GARS - Garrison Alert Status

GS - General Support

PCC - Platoon Control Center

PDS - Power Distribution Set

PLL - Prescribed Load List

PS - Power Station

PSE - Power Station Equivalent

PTS - Programmer-Test Station

&RA - Quick Reaction Alert

RTS - Radio Terminal Set

SASP - Special Ammunition Supply Point

SCTS - System Component Test Station

SLA - Sequential Launch Adapter

USAREUR - U.S. Army Europe

chapter one

Pershing System Hardware

The Pershing missile system is comprised of the following pr imary functional equip- ment: a Programmer-Test Station (PTS), Power Station (PS), Battery Control Central (BCC), Radio Terminal Set (RTS), Erector Launcher (EL), Launching Control Group (Sequential Launch Adapter (SLA)), 45 kW Generator, Azimuth Laying Set (Azimuth Reference Unit (ARU)), Power Distribution Set (PDS) (electrical cables, high pressure a i r and conditioned a i r hoses), and a four stage missile. The missile consists of two propulsion sections, a guidance and control section, and a warhead section. A non- standard item of equipment, a Platoon Control Center (PCC), i s in use in most firing batteries. The PCC is outfitted with communication and control equipment and functions in a manner similar to the BCC but at the platoon level.

The major Pershing peculiar equipment required for r e a r a rea support include: System Component Test Station (SCTS), Electrical and Mechanical Shop Sets, Repair Pa r t s Vans, Rear Area Cable Sets, and a Facilities Distribution Tra i le r (FDT) which is used in conjunction with two 45 kW generators to comprise a Power Station Equiva- lent (PSE ). Engineering and communication equipment field level maintenance and support a r e performed with special equipment and by personnel assigned to the battal- ion. Automotive field level maintenance is provided by an area maintenance battalion which i s not a portion of the Pershing organization. A companion document, Pershing Ia System Description (Martin Marietta OR 13, 149), presents a more comprehensive description of the Pershing system elements.

Pershing equipment i s widely dispersed throughout Europe and the Continental United States. In the European Theater, three tactical U.S. Army battalions a re based in Western Germany forming the 56th Artillery Brigade. As a portion of the NATO force, the Federal Republic of Germany has two Air Force Wings (equivalent of U.S. Army battalions) equipped with Pershing missiles and ground support equipment. The 3rd Battalion of the 9th Artillery (3/9), which i s based at For t Sill, Oklahoma, functions under the Force Command through the 111 Corps Artillery and the 9th Missile Group a s a backup tactical unit and provides range support for the missile firing operations of

the deployed forces. The 319 operates under a special TO&E which organizes the Fir ing Batteries into two "heavy" and one "light" platoons. The heavy platoon has the same personnel and equipment allowances a s the tactical units, while the light platoons have reduced complements of personnel and equipment.

For t Sill is also the location of the Field Artillery School which teaches Pershing Operator and Organizational Maintenance courses and has a large number of pieces of GSE. Rear a rea maintenance of Pershing is taught at the Missile and Munitions Center School at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama, which i s the location of the Pershing Project Manager of the U.S. Army Missile Command. The Pershing Depot i s located in Pueblo, Colorado and performs fifth echelon maintenance on the missile components and special ground support equipment except the Power Station and its components which a re over- hauled and supported by the Army depot at Tooele, Utah. The Pueblo Depot also installs all missile telemetry for range firing operations. Thus, Pershing and its support equip- ment a re used in a wide variety of environments throughout the world.

chapter two

Transportation

Pershing's transportation/mobility concept dictates that primary and essential fire mission equipment be a i r transportable in addition to being "all-terrain" ground t rans- portable. The system can be air lifted by several cargo aircraft including the C-124, C-130, C-141, and C-5A.

In the ground transport mode the Programmer-Test Station and Power Station com- bination, the radio terminal set, and the battery control central a re carried on M656 trucks. The Erector Launcher, which i s semitrailer mounted, is towed by an M757 truck tractor. The SLA on the SLA trai ler is towed behind the PTS/PS transport vehicle, and the ARU is transported in containers on an auxiliary vehicle. The missile is carried assembled, less warhead section, on the EL. The warhead section may be carried in the warhead section handling device that is mounted on the front of the EL, o r it may be carried in i t s shipping and storage container on a 5 ton truck. A 10 kW generator set, which furnishes auxiliary power to the EL and missile while in transit , i s mounted on the M757 truck tractor that tows the EL. There is also provision for in-transit heating of the mounted PTS using power from the M656 vehicle. The BCC and RTS have power generators which are towed and carried, respectively, to the firing site. The warhead section is obtained from the special ammunition and supply point (SASP). After initial issue, the missiles remain assembled on the ELs and are disassembled only for repair or preventive maintenance.

chapter three

Mission

Quick Reaction Alert (QRA) - The QRA mission i s a continuous operational mission similar to the missions of Poseidon and Minuteman. QRA units a r e combat units, which a re tactically deployed, operational 24 hours a day, and with continuous direct commu- nications with the higher command who can direct the actual Pershing missile firing.

General Support - The General Support mission i s established to provide long range missile firing capability in support of a United States Field Army, and i s assumed after release from the QRA role o r as an alternative to the strategic mission. This mission is frequently referred to a s "off the road"; the actual equipment used will be depend- ent on the equipment and personnel available after completion of the pr imary (QRA) mission.

Both missions require the battalion to be fragmented into small units spread over a large area. To maintain operational readiness and to accomplish the assigned mission requires continuous training, testing, inspection, and maintenance on the complex Pershing missile system and its ancillary communications equipment.

chapter four

Mode of Operation

The normal peacetime role of Pershing i s the QRA mission during which the battalion i s subjected to cyclic rotation through several modes of status; i.e., Combat o r Field Alert Status (CAS or FAS), Release (GARS III), Garrison Alert Status I1 (GARS II), and

Garrison Alert Status I (GARS I). A typical sequence of these modes, with a general description of each, i s shown in Figure 1. The duration of each mode i s a s directed by the Battalion Commander who determines the best use of available forces.

O EQUIPMENT ON S I T E I N STANDBY MODE O MINIMUM MAINTENANCE

GARS I

\& O EQUIPMENT SET UP I N BACKUP POSTURE O MAXIMUM OPERATION-ENSURE READINESS

FOR CAS OPERATION

TRAINING O TROOP AND EQUIP- EXERCISES MENT SHAKEDOWN 23 IELD EXERCISES

O PERIODIC PM AND CALIBRATION O PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS

BACKUP FOR OTHER BATTERIES I N RELATION TO EQUIPMENT AND TARGET COVERAGE

ROTATIONAL CYCLE OPERATION:

1. BATTERY ON GARS I PROCEEDS TO CAS S I T E 2. PLATOON A ASSUMING CAS COUNTS, ASSUMES TARGET COVERAGE 3. PLATOON A ' ON CAS EVACUATES 4. PLATOON B ASSUMING CAS OCCUPIES S ITE EVACUATED, COUNTS, ASSUMES TARGET COVERAGE 5 . PLATOON B ' ON CAS EVACUATES 6. PLATOON C ASSUMING CAS OCCUPIES S ITE EVACUATED, COUNTS, ASSUMES TARGET COVERAGE 7 . PLATOON C' ON CAS EVACUATES

BATTERY RELIEVED FROM CAS EVACUATES TO GARS I1 I!) PLATOONS ARE EMPLACED OR MOBILE I N TRAINING EXERCISES 11. 12. BATTERY RELIEVED FROM GARS I 1 ASSUMES GARS I I 1 (RELEASE) STATUS FOR MAINTENANCE

AND RELEASE. 13. GARS I11 BATTERY DEPLOYS TO GARS I POSITION TO ASSUME STATUS OF BATTERY DEPLOYING

TO CAS SITE.

Figure 1 . Typical Equipment Use and AvailabiLity

chapter five

Organizational Structure

USAREUR

Figure 2 delineates the basic organizational structure of the U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR) Pershing Brigade and primary supporting units. This figure illustrates the present battalion configuration (TO&E 6-615G).

Figure 2. Organizational Structure - Pershing Brigade

Basic Description

The major units within the Pershing organization a re described in the following paragraphs.

The Headquarters and Headquarters Battery (TOE 6-616) - directs and coordinates the batta - lion operations and provides the facilities with which the battalion commander controls the battalion. The Battery is comprised of Battalion Headquarters, Battery Headquar- t e r s , Headquarters Support Section, Operations/Intelligence Section, Liaison Section, Survey Information Center, Communications Platoon Headquarters, Communications Center Section, Wire Section, Radio Section, Microwave Section, Medical Section, Battalion Supply Section.

Major supporting items of equipment of the Headquarters and Headquarters Battery are: Battery Control Central (BCC) and Microwave Radio Terminal Sets AN/TRC-80 (Tropospheric Scatter, Long Range), and AN/TRC- 133 (Conventional, Short Range).

The Service Battery (TOE 6-619) - procures, s tores , and distributes ammunition to units of the battalion. It maintains appropriate records and performs direct support main- tenance for missile, communications and engineering equipment for the battalion. The Service Battery is comprised of Battery Headquarters, Communications Section, Ammunition Platoon Headquarters, four Ammunition Sections, Battalion Maintenance Section, Battalion Support Maintenance Platoon Headquarters, Electrical/Mechanical Section, Electronic Control Section, Technical Supply Section, Support Equipment Maintenance Section, Security Platoon Headquarters and four Security Sections. The Service Battery uses the following Pershing Peculiar equipment items :

ELECTRICAL -MECHANICAL SECTION - CRADLE, GM SECTION GEN SET, 45 kW SHOP EQUIP, GM-MECH SLING, CRANE PACK LIFT SLING, GM CONTAINER SLING SET, BEAM T Y P E MSL HNDL TEST EQUIP, GM SYSTEM TIE DOWN KIT: TRUCK WRECKER TOOL KIT: MECH & STRUCTURES

ELECTRONIC CONTROL SECTION

CABLE ASSY SET, ELECT SHOP ASSY SET, ELECT TEST SET, GM SCTS TOOL KIT, GM, DIG REPAIR

ELECT SHOP CONTACT TEAM

TEST SET, ELECT CABLE

F O U R AMMO SECTIONS

SLING, GM CONTAINER SLING, BEAM T Y P E MSL HANDL T I E DOWN KIT, ANCILLARY EQUIP: TRUCK WRECKER T O O L KIT, GM: FIRING SITE T O O L KIT, GM: M S L MATING

TECHNICAL S U P P L Y SECTION

G M SYS S U P P L Y O F F I C E , TRK MTD PRESERVATION AND PACK SHOP

The Field Artillery Battery (TOE 6-617) - p r o v i d e s f i r i n g capab i l i ty f o r s p e c i a l e m p l o y m e n t o r f o r g e n e r a l s u p p o r t of f i e ld opera t ions . It is c o m p r i s e d of: B a t t e r y H e a d q u a r t e r s , C o m m u n i c a t i o n s P l a t o o n H e a d q u a r t e r s , W i r e Sect ion, Radio Sect ion, M i c r o w a v e Sect ion, B a t t e r y C o n t r o l C e n t r a l Section, S u r v e y Sect ion, t h r e e F i r i n g P l a t o o n H e a d q u a r t e r s , t h r e e F i r i n g Sec t ions , t h r e e S e c u r i t y Sec t ions and a Suppor t Platoon. In addi t ion t o p r o - viding t h e f i r i n g component of t h e P e r s h i n g f i e ld a r t i l l e r y bat ta l ion, t h e F i e l d A r t i l l e r y B a t t e r y f u r n i s h e s i t s por t ion of t h e ba t ta l ion c o m m u n i c a t i o n s and s u r v e y s e c t i o n s . M a j o r i t e m s of t h e f i e ld a r t i l l e r y b a t t e r y a r e t h e following:

T H R E E FIRING PLATOON HEADQUARTERS

SLING, CRANE P A C K LISTING SLING, GUIDED MISSILE CONTAINER SLING, SET, B E A M T Y P E MSL HANDL T E S T S E T , E L E C T CIRCUIT, GM

MICROWAVE SECTION

R T S ANITRc-80

B A T T E R Y CONTROL C E N T R A L SECTION

B A T T E R Y C O N T R O L C E N T R A L

RADIO SECTION

R T S ANITRC-133

T H R E E FIRING SECTIONS

AZIMUTH LAYING S E T , GM CABLE ASSY S E T , E L E C T ( P H ) CABLE ASSY S E T , E L E C T ( P K ) E L , GUID MSL, SEMI-TRAILER MOUNTED LAUNCHING CONTROL GROUP G E N S E T , 45 kW POWER DIST S E T (LD) P O W E R STA, GM, TRANSPORTABLE PROGRAMMER T E S T STA, TRANS T O O L KIT, GM: FIRING SITE T O O L KIT, GM: MISSILE MATING ACCESSORY KIT, GM P T S POWER DIST S E T ( P F ) T E S T S E T . E L E C T R I C A L CABLE

Tbe General Support Company (Ordnance C~npany) (TOE 9-2273) - provides general support missile system maintenance in the theater of operations for components of supported missile systems less warheads, adaption kits and automotive; inspection, modification, and maintenance of missiles, missile components (less warheads and adaption kits ), and repair parts; inspection, modification, maintenance and maintenance calibration of all ground support equipment (less automotive and aircraft) to include associated launching and float equipment.

The Special Ammunition Support Command (SASCOM) - provides support in the control and maintenance of the Pershing nuclear warhead.

The 9th Ordnance Battalion - provides the specialized support required in the handling and storage of general explosive ordnance items of the Pershing European Theater assets.

The Pershing missile system is used in the European theater by both the United States Army and the German Air Force (GAF). A comparison of terminology between the two structures is as follows:

U.S. Army GAF

Battalion Wing @KG)

Battery Group (FK GRP) o r Squadron (STFF)

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron

Platoon Platoon

The basic locations of the Pershing activities in Europe a re illustrated in Figure 3.

The primary hardware of one platoon i s depicted in Figure 4. During the QRA (CAS) rotational cycle of operation in peacetime, the equipment i s emplaced on the hardsite; a typical site i s shown in Figure 5. During wartime o r military alert conditions, the equipment i s widely dispersed to tactical locations.

Figure 3. Pershing Activities in Europe

LEGEND:

V BATTALIONIWING d BRIGADE

Figure 4. Idealistic Peacetime Equipment Emplacement

7. READY BUILDING 8. MAIN ENTRANCE --- CYCLONE FENCE WITH BARBED WIRE CAP

Figure 5. Idealistic Equipment Emplacement

Operations

Battery Rotation

Under normal operational conditions the batteries within the battalion rotate through four major status's: Combat Alert Status, Garrison Alert Status I S , Release (Garrison Alert Status I I I ) , and Garrison Alert Status I (see Figure 1). The basic operations during these cycles consist of the following:

Combat Alert Status - During peacetime operation in combat aler t status, the battery is emplaced at preassigned hardsite locations. These locations contain three hardstands each, one for each platoon. In this status the missiles have been confidence and quick counted, warheads installed, missiles targeted, and maintained in standby. Troops a r e on alert status in these areas and ready for quick reaction and rapid f i re of missile rounds.

The peacetime site (hardsite) locations consist of the firing pad and administrative area. Normal operations in these areas a r e that the battery on GARS I (next battery to assume CAS at the site) emplaces one platoon set of equipment, performs confidence count and quick count on each missile, mates the warhead on each missile, and then repeats a confidence and quick count. At the same time as equipment verification i s being performed, the personnel a re being evaluated and qualified in t e rms of training and proficiency. Upon assurance of equipment and personnel proficiency, the brigade standard team authorizes the assumption of CAS for the platoon. The same procedure i s followed for the other platoons. At no time a re any of the objective targets left with- out coverage. During the transition, administrative duties are handled by the battery on CAS, while the f i rs t replacement platoon completes activities for assuming CAS. After the replacement platoon has assumed status, administrative duties a r e t rans- fe r red to the replacement battery assuming CAS, during which time the second platoon i s verifying (counting) in preparation to assume status.

Battery operations are configured for three platoons of three missiles each. Each of the missiles i s assigned target coverage with order o r priority based upon the aler t status and the assignment by strategic command. The batteries each have three repair par ts supply vans, each of which carr ies a Prescribed Load List (PLL) of parts. One guidance and control section i s available at the platoon level for use in missile repair by replacement of the section.

GarrisonAlertStatus(GARS) - GARSIf - Upon release from CAS, with the equipment in excellent condition, new targets a re assigned and the equipment i s placed in a condition of readiness. The crew i s not on continuous alert, but must respond within a specified number of hours. Field exercises and training alerts a r e frequently called to develop the mobility and personnel proficiency required for remote deployment.

Garrison Alert Status (GARS) - GARS 111 - In this status, no particular target coverage is assigned. The troops and equipment must be ready to provide backup coverage for the other batteries in event of severe equipment failure. During the frequent field exercises, the battery deploys and the missiles provide duplicate coverage of the f i rs t missiles of the other three batteries, assuring a successful f i rs t launch.

Garrison Alert Status (GARS) - GARS I - This status is used for preconditioning and veri- fication that equipment and personnel a re in a state of readiness to proceed to the next status (combat alert). In this status the equipment i s maintained in targeted position.

Optional Rotation

A recent innovation in the 56th Artillery Brigade allows Battalion Commanders the prerogative of establishing the CAS site with other than distinct Battery organizations. One version presently in use emplaces the missiles and equipment of Battery A at the CAS site where they remain for extended periods of time (typically 6 months). During this period, individual platoons from Battery A and Battery B rotate at two week inter- vals through the Alert Site such that, at any one time, there a r e two platoons from one battery and one from the other battery on site. The Battery Commander with two pla- toons on alert i s the site commander for this period. Following the s ix months, a s im- ilar rotation is established between Batteries C and D. The two advantages of this option a re the reduction in equipment movement and the shorter alert period for per - sonnel. Some disadvantages which may appear a re the looseness of the command and control structure and a possible laxness of equipment maintenance.

Field Exercises

To achieve and maintain proficiency in the use of Pershing equipment, the entire battalion frequently participates in both scheduled and unscheduled exercises. The scope of these exercises extends from a single battery evolution to the dispersion of the complete battalion including Headquarters and Service Batteries. These exercises con- s is t of sounding an alert to ready the missiles for launch. The Batteries immediately assemble all personnel and equipment and road march to a designated area for emplace- ment. These areas differ radically from the hardsites used in CAS in that they a re chosen to provide the greatest concealment of the missile and equipment. The ingenuity of the battery and platoon commanders is tested in their ability to maneuver and emplace the Pershing equipment to take best advantage of the existing terrain. The idealistic emplacement shown in Figure 4 and textbooks is impossible to obtain in these situa- tions, but the limitations enforced by cable lengths and safety requirements must all be met without destroying the natural cover. The missiles are emplaced and counted down using actual targets because the training nature of these exercises may not be known until the missiles are ready to launch, and the troops a re required to function in a combat environment. Depending on the nature of the exercise, the Batteries may either return to the caserne after the simulated launch, remain in alert status, or redeploy periodically to different locations.

Field exercises provide the Brigade Commander a realistic evaluation of his capa- bilities, and any shortcomings shown in the exercise become the basis for further in- tensive training.

Countdown Operations

General

The verification, aiming and launching of Pershing i s controlled by punched mylar tape, programming a solid state, digital computer. The computer interfaces with an adapter in the PTS to send analog and digital signals to the missile and checks for the proper response. Pr ior to initiating a countdown, the computer performs a partial self tes t and a limited test of the adapter. Separate mylar tapes provide complete self test o r diagnostics of the computer and adapter. The adapter diagnostic is available in several modes dependent upon the type of operation o r equipment. The countdown tape also has several options available to the operator. The three basic types of countdowns utilized in performance of the Pershing mission are Standard, Confidence, and Quick. The standard countdown star ts at the application of system power, performs all p r e - flight checks and presets, and continues to liftoff. The confidence countdown performs the same functions but ends at the Remote phase (T-2). The quick countdown bypasses several of the preflight checks and presets, and may continue to liftoff o r stop at the Remote phase (T-2).

In the QRA mode the missile (less warhead) i s transported on the E L to the firing position. The warhead is mated, a confidence count i s conducted, auxiliary power is applied, and the alert readiness status is assumed. A confidence count i s performed once every 7 days on each missile on CAS and a quick count to T-2 is performed every day.

In the peacetime mode the adapter diagnostic mode 00 is performed on the PTS prior to the f i rs t confidence count. An SLA diagnostic test at each missile cable entry panel is also performed (modes 11, 12, and 13).

In the General Support (GS) mode, one missile may be prepared and fired without connecting the SLA. A confidence count may be performed prior to a standard countdown.

A quick count can be performed only on a missile which has previously been confi- dence counted with corresponding f i re mission data entered, and with the missile layed with respect to mission data.

Frequency

The typical countdown frequency per month per battalion during peacetime operation for the different types of countdowns in the four status cycles is summarized in Table I.

TABLE I

Typical Peacetime Countdown Requency Summarry

Release GARS I11 1 14 1 18 1 32

CAS

GARS I1

GARS I

TOTAL (countdowns / M o / ~ n )

Deployment

Figure 6 summarizes the typical USARE UR Pershing deployment.

Quick

173

2 8

Figure 6. USAREUR Pershing Deployment

Confidence

7 5

36

Total

248

6 4

Basic Description

The FRG using organization i s the German Air Force as opposed to the U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR). GAF deployment and operation of the Pershing system i s very similar to that of USAREUR. The GAF personnel management scheme generally in- volves fewer support personnel than does the analogous scheme for USAREUR. Equip- ment differences are minimal. German support vehicles a r e used in place of the EL tractor M757 and PTS/PS vehicle M656. Other minor differences in equipment exist and a re due to FRG road law requirements and other GAF organizational o r procedural differences.

The concept of the dual operational roles, i.e., QRA/GSR, a s related to GAF opera- tions, i s common to that of USAREUR operations in that both a re integral to and suppor- tive of European NATO operations.

chapter six

Logistic System

The Logistic system consists of the flow of materiel in the inventory to maintain the system in operational availability. Typical inventory flow for the Pershing system is depicted in Figure 7. In addition to the overall flow of the serviceable and unserviceable materiel in the logistic system, detail data related to the materiel flow a r e outlined below.

Containerized missile sections a re maintained in storage facilities at Weilerbach, Neu Ulm and Pirmasens. These sections a r e used to resupply expended missile sections in addition to providing float sections which a re made available at service battery faci- lities. Missile sections, stored in containers, a r e available at the Service Battery for resupply and support of the General Support role.

Figure 7. The Direct Support System

chapter seven

Maintenance and Repair Functions

The Pershing ground support equipment has been designed to provide for maximum end item repair at the using maintenance level. With the use of computer controlled program tapes with self-test and diagnostic routines, fault isolation i s accomplished rapidly by the operator in most cases. Quick access to easily replaceable assemblies and extensive use of plug-in modules and printed circuit cards keep maintenance down- time to a minimum. When the automatic fault isolation routines do not properly identify the defective item, mobile contact teams a re dispatched from the Direct Support Unit to manually troubleshoot and repair the end item. The Direct Support Unit is organic to the Pershing battalion and performs all Field level repair and maintenance on batta- lion equipment including missiles. Figure 8 illustrates the flow of defective and r e - paired items within the battalion.

Figure 8. Maintenance and Repair Sequence

chapter eight

Functional Flow

The functional flows for system operation a re shown in Appendix A. These basic flows delineate the detailed activities considered in each of the overall logistics, t rans - portation, and supply postures. Appendix B delineates the overall planning flow for the actions depicted in the functional flow diagrams. The data requirements identified in the programming flows have been derived from the repair action (Zct) summary reports (UDC Data), studies recorded in the System Engineering Documentation system, o r in- terface with Field Representatives, Customer Personnel, and Technical Assistance personnel.

chapter nine

System Availability

Some equipment i s not available during selected periods due to either unscheduled o r scheduled activities. Examples of activities which affect the availability of the equip- ment a r e corrective and preventive maintenance, modification, inspections, develop- ment test , and follow-on operational test. Each of these activities has an effect on the operation and posture of the battalion operation.

Corrective maintenance is unscheduled and i s a result of equipment failures which affect the operation of the system. In all cases the equipment will be down for repair for varying periods of time depending on the nature of the failure. Task time distribution for individual end items are available from the Unified Data Collection System data for forward a rea operations, and periodic reports which contain the mean cwrrective time summary for the system and the end items. Fo r example, typical Mean Corrective Times (zct) for major items based on reported field operation for a one year period a re shown in Table 11.

TABLE II

Mean Corrective Time

Item

G SE - PTS EL PS (Fwd Area) PDS AZ Lay

MISSILE

1st Stage 2nd Stage G & C Warhe ad

SYSTEM

- c t (Hours)

0.44 - 0.39 0.92 0.48 0.33 0.30

1.6 2 - 1.23 0.73 2.07 2.38

0.6 2 -

Sample Size

333 - 14 1

30 6 7 6 6 2 9

5 9 - 10 15 28

6

392 -

Average Run Time/Yr (Hours)

159

For this forward area data, the zct is determined by the time the end item is nonoperational. Corrective maintenance at this level can be either a repair action, replacement of a component o r assembly or the replacement of the end item itself by exchange with an Operational Readiness Float item.

Since the above data were obtained from the same finite period of time for all of the end items, the number of samples is indicative of the relative failure frequency and the - Met reflects the ease o r speed of repair. For example, the PTS with 141 malfunctions i s by far the most failure prone end item but with an Kct of only 0.39 hour, i t i s also one of the easiest to repair. This speed of repair is a result of the automatic diagnos- t ics and plug-in modules and assemblies. By contrast, the warhead, with the least number of failures is nonoperational for the longest period of time. The small number of malfunctions i s due to the high reliability designed into the nuclear device, while the long corrective maintenance time is a result of no repair being authorized on site and spare warheads not normally being made available for exchange.

chapter ten

System Assurance

The majority of the other activities may be considered scheduled o r planned activities which render some portion of the system unavailable for a given period of time. Although these activities may occur at different periods of time, they a re known factors to be con- sidered by the command or headquarters organization and in the planning for support. The following are basic considerations for each of these scheduled efforts:

Modification Activity - Modification activity i s normally implemented on a Block level equipment configuration, The modifications a re performed on a battery basis by batta- lion. The equipment of one battery within a battalion is removed from service, sent to a Mod Shop area, the modification installed, and the equipment returned. Average time for installation of a battery's modification at the Mod Shop activity is one month. In addition to the major modifications (Mod Shop), some modifications may be installed on site. These type of minor modifications render equipment unavailable for short periods of time.

Inspections - Inspections may be conducted by different levels of command (brigade, battalion, etc.). Formal inspections a re conducted at scheduled command periods. These inspections render the equipment down for the minimum time in order not to in- terfere with continuous target coverage.

Follow-On Operational Test (FOT) - FOT's a r e firing exercises of the Pershing missiles conducted to ensure system reliability. Primarily, each battalion participates in an FOT exercise once every two fiscal years. One o r two batteries of the battalion, chosen at random and notified on a "surprise" basis participate in the operation. The missiles and personnel of a battery leaving CAS a re flown to the CONUS test range. After the missiles a r e counted, the personnel assume an alert status until a no-notice release is received and the missiles a re fired. During the absence of this battery from the theater, target coverage i s assumed by the GARS 111 personnel and equipment.

Arty-Ord Test (A10 Test) - A/O1s a r e additional firing operations t o exercise the pro- ficiency of battalion personnel. They do not contribute to equipment downtime since all ground equipment is furnished by the CONUS support battalion and instrumented missi les a r e provided from depot stock. The absence of personnel, however, effectively places the battery "down, " and its assigned mission must be assumed by another battery. A/O1s a r e conducted, on the average, semiannually, and battalions participate on a rotational basis.

DevelopmentTest (DT) - DT's a r e conducted to ensure the tactical acceptability of newly developed equipment. Battalions participate in these activities on a preassigned basis. These tes ts a re conducted on an "as required" basis.

During these periods of unavailability of equipment, intra and/or interbattalion target coverage is provided.

Appendix A

Functional Flow Diagrams (OperatiodEquipment)

Appendix B

Top Level Planning

Flow Diagrams