Permanent anterior teethCliff Lee

Generalities

• Dental formula for anteriors: • I 2/2, C 1/1, (P 2/2, M 3/3)

•𝟐,𝟏,(2,3)

𝟐,𝟏,(2,3)

• Calcification dates• Anteriors show first evidence of calcification before age 1

• Eruption sequence• Mandibular centrals = 6-7• Mandibular laterals = 7-8• Maxillary centrals = 7-8• Maxillary laterals = 8-9• Mandibular canines = 9-10• Maxillary canines = 11-12

Shapes

• Mesio-incisal angle is more “square”, Distal-incisal angle is more “rounded”

• From a facial/lingual view, all teeth have crown shaped like a trapezoid, with the short side gingival

• From proximal view, anterior teeth have crown shaped like a triangle/wedge

Contact points

Inciso-gingival contact points

Mesial Distal

maxillary central incisal junction of incisal & middle

maxillary lateral jxn of incisal & mid middle

maxillary canine jxn of incisal & mid middle

mandibular central incisal incisal

mandibular lateral incisal incisal

mandibular canine incisal mid 1/3

All teeth have facio-lingual contact points in the middle third of the crown

Embrasures

• Facial embrasures narrower than lingual embrasures on all teeth except maxillary first molar and between mandibular centrals (F=L)

• Incisal embrasures (anteriors)1. Largest b/w maxillary canine and lateral

2. Mandibular canine and lateral

3. Maxillary lateral and central

4. Maxillary centrals

5. Mandibular lateral central

6. Mandibular centrals

Incisors

• Mamelons are bumps found on incisal edges of permanent incisors• Three = mesial, distal, and a small “middle” lobe• Usually worn away as you get older

• Cingulum = lingual lobe• Centered:

• Max lateral• Max canine• Mand central

• Distal:• Max central• Mand lateral• Mand canine

• One root, typically one canal

Maxillary central incisors

• Widest ANTERIOR tooth, mesio-distally• Mandibular first molar widest overall

• The only tooth with pulp wider mesio-distally than facio-lingually

• The only tooth with a cross section through CEJ that appears triangular

• SECOND tallest crown in the mouth• Mandibular canine #1, maxillary canine #3

Maxillary central incisors

• “Fan” shaped crown

• Short, but straight root, blunt apex

• Cingulum displaced distally

• Lingual anatomy = MMR, DMR, LF, cingulum

• Incisal view = triangle shape

Maxillary lateral incisors

• Best developed lingual anatomy

• Most likely to have dens-in-dente

• Second most congenitally malformed or missing (#1 = third molars, #3 = mandibular 2nd premolar)• Peg-shaped

Maxillary lateral incisors

• Crown smaller than max central

• Root as long or longer than max central

• Lingual anatomy = MMR, DMR, LF, cinugulum

• Incisal view = oval

Mandibular central incisors

• Smallest tooth

• Narrowest tooth mesio-distally

• Most symmetric tooth• “Only” mandibular anterior w/ both its mesial and distal inciso-gingival

contact points at the same level

• First succedaneous tooth

• Smallest facial and incisal embrasure

Mandibular central incisors

• Facial CEJ different level than lingual CEJ

• Incisal edge is lingual to long axis of tooth

• Lingual anatomy = MMR, DMR, LF, cinuglum

• 40% have two root canals

• Incisal edge lingual to axis

Mandibular lateral incisors

• Incisal edge is twisted on its apex

• Sloped incisal ridge

• Smooth/shallow lingual anatomy• Poorly defined lingual fossa/marginal ridge

• Incisal edge lingual to axis

Canines

• No mamelons

• Long crowns, long roots

• Lingual anatomy = MMR, DMR, cingulum, LR, MF, DF

• Wider bucco-lingually than incisors

Maxillary canines

• Widest ANTERIOR tooth facio-lingually

• Longest tooth inciso-apically

• Has the longest root

• Third longest crown (#1 = mand canine, #2 = max central)

Maxillary canines

• Lingual anatomy = MMR, DMR, cingulum, LR, MF, DF

• Mesial cusp slope shorter than distal

• Incisal edge facial to axis

Mandibular canines

• Longest crown (#2 = max central, #3 = max canine)

• Second longest tooth (#1 = maxillary canine)

• Second longest root (#1 = maxillary canine)

• Anterior tooth most likely to have bifurcated root

• Only tooth that has mesial inclination of root (but can also be distal)

Mandibular canines

• Lingual anatomy = MMR, DMR, cingulum, LR, MF, DF

• Incisal edge lingual/centered over axis