PERIODIC TABLE PERIODIC TABLE NOTESNOTES

Periodic Table Facts

• The periodic table lists all of the elements.

• Most of the elements occur naturally; however, several are man-made.

• The elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers (number of protons in the nucleus of the atom).– This is known as the periodic law ( properties

of elements tend to change in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number)

Periodic Table Facts Each box on the periodic table typically

contains 4 things.

Hydrogen1.008

H1

element’s name

element’s atomic mass

element’s symbol

element’s atomic number (number of protons in the atom)

Atomic Number

The atomic number stands for the number of protons in an atom.

The symbol for atomic number is Z.

The number of protons gives the element its identity.

Atomic Mass Unit

An atom has a mass less than one trillionth of a billionth of a gram. Since this is such a small amount, scientists use the atomic mass unit.

The abbreviation for atomic mass unit is an a.m.u.

The atomic mass unit is a quantity equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Some periodic tables list atomic mass as atomic weight.

Look at the box below and answer the following questions.

1. What is the atomic number of neon?

2. How many protons does a neon atom have?

3. What is the atomic mass of neon?

4. What is neon’s symbol?5. What is Z equal to for

neon?

Neon20.180

Ne10

Answers

1. What is the atomic number of neon? 10

2. How many protons does a neon atom have? 10

3. What is the atomic mass of neon? 20.180 a.m.u.

4. What is neon’s symbol? Ne

5. What is Z equal to for neon? 10

Neon20.180

Ne10

Look at the box below and answer the following questions.

1. What is the atomic number of potassium?

2. How many protons does a potassium atom have?

3. What is the atomic mass of potassium?

4. What is potassium’s symbol?

5. What is Z equal to for potassium?

Potassium39.098

K19

Answers1. What is the atomic

number of potassium? 192. How many protons does

a potassium atom have? 19

3. What is the atomic mass of potassium? 39.098 a.m.u.

4. What is potassium’s symbol? K

5. What is Z equal to for potassium? 19

Potassium39.098

K19

The elements on the periodic table are arranged according to atomic number and atomic structure. Look at the unique shape of the periodic table.

The columns on the periodic table are related to how many electrons are in the outermost energy level. These electrons are called valence electrons. Valence electrons deal with chemical reactivity.

The rows on the periodic table are related to the number of energy levels an atom has. The first row has 1 energy level. The second row has two energy levels. The third row has three energy levels, etc.

1

23

4

56

7

6

7

Use your periodic table and answer the following.1. How many energy levels does

magnesium have?2. What is the atomic mass of magnesium?3. What is the atomic number of

magnesium?4. How many protons does magnesium

have?5. What is the Z number for magnesium?6. What is the symbol for magnesium?

Use your periodic table and answer the following.1. How many energy levels does magnesium

have? 3

2. What is the atomic mass of magnesium? 24.305 amu

3. What is the atomic number of magnesium? 12

4. How many protons does magnesium have? 12

5. What is the Z number for magnesium? 12

6. What is the symbol for magnesium? Mg

Use your periodic table and answer the following.1. How many energy levels does iodine

have?

2. What is the atomic mass of iodine?

3. What is the atomic number of iodine?

4. How many protons does iodine have?

5. What is the Z number for iodine?

6. What is the symbol for iodine?

Use your periodic table and answer the following.1. How many energy levels does iodine

have? 5

2. What is the atomic mass of iodine? 126.90 amu

3. What is the atomic number of iodine? 53

4. How many protons does iodine have? 53

5. What is the Z number for iodine? 53

6. What is the symbol for iodine? I

Metals

1. The metals on the periodic table are to the left of the stair-step line on the periodic table.

2. Metals are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Nonmetals

1. The nonmetals on the periodic table are to the right of the stair-step line on the periodic table.

2. Nonmetals are dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Metalloids

1. The metalloids on the periodic table have one side of the element box touching the stair-step line on the periodic table.

2. Metalloids are also called semimetals or semiconductors

3. Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Use your periodic table and classify the following elements as either

metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.1. Potassium2. Aluminum3. Chlorine4. Neon5. Boron6. Oxygen7. Magnesium8. Antimony9. Lithium 10. Iron

Use your periodic table and classify the following elements as either

metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.1. Potassium - metal2. Aluminum - metal3. Chlorine - nonmetal4. Neon - nonmetal5. Boron - metalloid6. Oxygen - nonmetal7. Magnesium - metal8. Antimony - metalloid9. Lithium - metal10. Iron - metal

The columns on the periodic table are related to how many electrons are in the outermost energy level. These electrons are called valence electrons. Valence electrons deal with chemical reactivity.