Period 1Powerpoint 2013

Agenda

Bellringer:

• Why are some areas more powerful than others?

Your Notebook • Objective:

– Allow student to focus on important information during their reading and to organize information.

• Set up (for each unit)– Objective sheet– Unit Vocabulary – 1 page for each objective (some will require more than

others)• Front page for students reading notes• Back page for class/lecture notes

– Important people

Expectations for notebook• Will be bought to each class• Students will write the objective on top of

each page

Bellringer:

What are the basic characteristics of early

human societies?

PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC AGE

Paleolithic Age • 12,000 BCE–humans evolved

physically and mentally to the level of today

• Opposable thumbs & developed brain• Paleolithic Achievements

– Invention of tools & weapons– Language– Control of fire– Art (sculpture, jewelry, and cave

paintings)• Humans lived in small bands of

hunter-gatherers

Objective 1

Links to the objective in your notebook. Write on the BACK of the page. The front page is

reserved for your reading notes. Write down any addition or missed information that you

DO NOT have from your reading notes.

Paleolithic Age Societies • Men hunt and/or fish;

women gather fruits, etc.• Lived in kinship groups of 20-

30 people• Follow migratory patterns of

animals• Need large portions of land

to support themselves• Life expectancy was 20 years

or less

Objective 1/2

Paleolithic Societies• Groups were not always

self-sufficient• Trade with neighboring

groups was often necessary• Developed tools suitable for

their environment• Practiced animism

Discussion Question

With the partner next to you discuss the following question:

What causes technological change?

Defining Neolithic Revolution• Define with your partner Neolithic Revolution:

– Also can be called: Agricultural revolution

• Mr. Poth’s definition:• The deliberate cultivation of particular plants

as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Objective 3

Neolithic Revolution • Around 10000 BCE, two discoveries

revolutionized human society– Farming (1st crops were wheat & barley)– Herding (1st domesticated animals were goats,

pigs, & cattle)• Domesticated animals produced a new type of society

called Pastoralists

Objective 3

Origins of Agriculture Objective 3

Social Results of the Neolithic Revolution

• Social changes:– Permanent settlement– People become dependent on farming– Farming & specialized labor led to increase in technology

• Pottery, the plow, irrigation, woven textiles, wheeled vehicles

– Gender inequality – Full-time political and religious figures emerge as

community leaders– Specialized workers such as toolmakers, miners, and

merchants– Despite specialization, well-defined social stratification did

not exist

Objective 3

World Population Growth

Intensive agriculture caused human population to jump from 5-8 million to 60 to 70 million in 5,000 years

Environmental changes • Slash and burn farming• Some plant species die out • Animals domesticated

Objective 3

Examples of Neolithic Cities • Farming & herding allowed for urban

development• 1st cities emerged in Middle East (Turkey &

Jordan)• Jericho and Catal Huyuk

Objective 3

Pastoral Societies• Nomadic peoples who herd

domesticated animals• Move in search of food for

their animals• Develop on marginal land

apart from areas suitable for agriculture, often semi-arid regions

• Interact with agricultural societies

Objective 4

Relationship between developing economies • Exchange of ideas and products• Conquest/absorption/displacement of hunter-gathers• Spread of language• Indo-European begin in turkey

Objective 4

Impact of Technology changes on Human Society

• Basket for food storage• Record keeping writing• Metals allowing for strong tools & weapons

– Bronze stronger/more useful than stone– 400 b.c.e

Objective 5

RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

Characteristic of Civilization • A civilization is a complex culture with these

five characteristics:1. Specialized workers2. Technology 3. Advanced cities4. Institutions5. Record keeping

Objective 6

Ancient MesopotamiaObjective 7

Government (political)

• Initially, priest-kings rule city-states– Sumerians (c. 3500 BCE)

• City-states evolve into empires– Akkadians (c. 2334-2218 BCE)

• Land owning aristocracy dominated

• Develop a formal legal codes– Hammurabi’s Code (c. 1800 BCE)

Objective 7

Religion/Culture• Believed in 3,000 gods• Goal: Appease gods to

control nature• Art and literature focus on

gods and religion– Epic of Gilgamesh

• Contains a story of an epic flood

• Built ziggurats

Objective 7

Culture• Inventions: wheel, sail,

and plow• Bronze metallurgy• 1st system of writing

– Cuneiform

• 1st number system– Based on units of

10, 60, & 360

• Astronomy

Objective 7

Society• Social stratification• Slavery was common

– One could become a slave through war, crime, or debt

– Slaves were used in temples, public buildings, or private homes

• Patriarchal– Women could hold most

occupations

Nobles

Freemen

Slaves

Objective 8

EconomyObjective 8

Ancient Egypt• Relatively isolated• Nile flooded regularly,

predictably– Provided rich soil, easy soil to

farm– Civilization regulated flooding,

surveying

• Control the Nile; control society

Objective 7

Government• Formed by 3000 BCE• Unified for most of history

– Early Kingdom– Middle Kingdom– Late Kingdom

• Theocracy– Pharaoh was a god-king– Women could be pharaohs

• Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE)

Ramses II

Objective 7

Culture• Hieroglyphic writing on

papyrus• Mathematics

– Geometry

• Calendar system– 365 days (off by 6 hours)

• Medicine• Architecture

Objective 7

Religion/Culture• Thousands of gods

• Gods have animal and human qualities

• Gods & goddesses

• Relatively egalitarian• Believe in afterlife

• Heaven & Hell• Mummification• Pyramids & Temples

Objective 7

Social• Social Stratification

– Limited opportunity for social mobility

• Slavery common• Women have more rights

– Could own property, propose marriage, and demand a divorce

Objective 8

Ancient India & ChinaObjective 5

Indus River Valley• Cities emerge around

2500 BCE• Culturally unified city-

states– Harappa and Mohenjo-

Daro

• Mysterious ending– Environmental

degradation vs. Aryan invasion

Objective 7-8

Indus River Valley• Polytheistic religion

– Influenced Hinduism

• Planned cities with large temples

• Undecipherable writing system

• Advanced technology– Plumbing systems

Objective 7-8

Indus River Valley

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Ancient China• Developed in isolation along

the Huang He (Yellow) River• Shang dynasty emerged c.

1500 BCE– Warlike kings & landed

aristocracy dominate– Cities surrounded by massive

earthen walls

Objective 7-8

Ancient China• Chinese Society

– Family at center of society• Extended-family structure

– Women were subordinate

• Chinese Culture– Believed spirits of family ancestors

could bring good fortune or disaster– Oracle bones (right)– Bronze & silk

Objective 7-8

Dynastic Cycle

Mandate of Heaven—Rulers are chose to rule by heaven and will continue to rule as long as heaven is pleased; if heaven is not

pleased, heaven will pass the mandate to another family

Objective 7-8

The Olmec• Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400-400 BCE • Olmec zone is dense tropical forest

Objective 7-8

Olmec Government & Society• Several city-states with

common culture• Social Hierarchy

– Highest rank is that of the chief

– Dominated by landed aristocracy

– Laborers forced to build temples, palaces, and drainage canals

Objective 7-8

Olmec Religion• Polytheistic

– Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics

• Feathered-serpent god (right)

– Shamans organized religious life

• Religion led to development of writing system and calendar

Objective 7-8

Olmec Art• Building of clay pyramids

and temple mounds• Particular sculptural style

– Jaguars – Fine jade carving– Colossal heads

Objective 7-8

Legacy of Ancient Civilizations• Writing systems, religions, and technology

was influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures

• Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE– Subject to nomadic invasions

• Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China)

Objective 6

Why did some societies survived and others be destroyed?

• Discuss with your partner

Objective 9