PERCEPTION
description
Transcript of PERCEPTION
PERCEPTIONThe organization and interpretation
of our senses
McGurk Effect-another example of sensory interaction (like tasting the jelly bean the other
day) if we see one syllable while hearing another we perceive a third different syllable
The famous "Stroop Effect" is named after J. Ridley Stroop who discovered this strange phenomenon in the 1930s.
The words themselves have a strong influence over your ability to say the color. The interference between the different information (what the words say and the color of the words) your brain receives causes a problem. There are two theories that may explain the Stroop effect:
•Speed of Processing Theory: the interference occurs because words are read faster than colors are named.•Selective Attention Theory: the interference occurs because naming colors requires more attention than reading words.
Gestalt
• An organized whole– When we see things, we look at the big picture,
rather than all of the small parts
Grouping
• A gestalt principle of perceptual organization that says we tend to group stimuli into coherent groups
Figure-Ground
• Some objects seem prominent, while others recede into the background
Continuity
• Perceiving smooth and continuous forms
Proximity
• When objects, sounds or people are close together we perceive them as a whole
Similarity
• Grouping objects based on their sameness
Closure
• Closing up or completing figures that are not, in fact, complete
Visual Cues
• Monocular Cues - Depth cues available to either eye alone
• Binocular Cues – Depth cues that DEPEND on the use of both eyes.
• Example-Retinal Disparity-the finger sausage• Depth perception partially innate.• Gibson-The Virtual Cliff
Relative Size
• If two figures are perceived as equal in size, the one that casts the small image on the retina is perceived as farther away
Interposition
• If one figure appears to overlap or obscure another figure, it is perceived to be in front
Relative Clarity/BrightnessLight and Shadow
• Brighter objects appear closer than dimmer objects
Aerial Perspective
• Atmospheric conditions affect perception of distance. Clearer objects seem closer.
Linear Perspective
• Parallel lines appear to converge as the move farther into the distance
Relative Height
• Objects higher in our field of vision are seen as being farther away than lower objects
Ambiguous Figures
• Figures that can be interpreted as two or more different images
Illusions
• Our left hemispheres attempt to organize the information that we see.– Sometimes it’s difficult
• Why do we see what we see?– Our expectations and experiences influence
perceptions
Perception
• Allows us to create meaning out of sensations
• Why aren’t all of our perceptions the same?– They are impacted by our sensory systems,
experiences and expectations
Perceptual Set
• A bias we have regarding perception• A readiness to perceive something in a specific
way- a mental predisposition to PERCEIVE one thing or another (ex: kindergarten story/Loch Ness monster)
• Challenge #7 reading the sentences (ex: Paris in the the Spring) you miss it because you don’t expect it!)
Perceptual Adaptation
• Remember the goggles??• There does seem to be a critical period to
certain aspects of vision. Examples: processing whole faces/perceptual constancy
Synaesthesia
• Mingling of senses• Example: Hearing a musical note prompting
someone to see in color• Tasting spoken words. Ex: hearing the word
table produces the taste of apricots
What do you see?