Perception

Psychology

Topics to be discuss:• Types of perception

• Errors of perception

Types of

Perception

Myth – Perception = Sensation

Reality – Perception ≠ Sensation

Goal

The sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli by the

sense organs and brain.

Perception

Visual perception is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and

interpret (see) it as the perception known as sight or naked eye vision.

Vision has a specific sensory system, the visual system.

Visual Perception

The major problem in visual perception is that what people see is not simply a

translation of retinal stimuli (i.e., the image on the retina).

Thus people interested in perception have long struggled to explain what visual

processing does to create what we actually see.

Visual Perception

Auditory perception is the ability to perceive and understand sounds, usually with

specific organs, such as a human's ears. Sound exists in the form of vibrations that

travel through the air or through other substances. Ears detect such vibrations and convert them into nerve impulses, which are

then sent to the brain where they can be interpreted.

Auditory Perception

Deafness describes a condition in which individuals have no auditory perception; deaf individuals are not capable of perceiving or interpreting sounds. Different animals can

perceive different sounds; dogs, for example, are capable of perceiving very high-pitched

sounds that humans cannot perceive.

Auditory Perception

It seems that interaction between olfaction (smell sensation) and gustation (taste

sensation) will stronger than other interactions among five senses, although

no one has ever confirmed psychophysically.

Gustatory Perception

In this study, we utilized synchrony perception task to confirm this specificity comparing control condition, interaction

between vision and olfaction and one between vision and gustation.

Gustatory Perception

Tactual perception or is the awareness of physical objects through the sense of touch

which is mediated by the somatosensory system.

Tactual Perception

Touch may be considered one of five human senses; however, when a person touches something or somebody this gives rise to

various feelings: the perception of pressure (hence shape, softness, texture, vibration, etc.), relative temperature and sometimes pain. Thus the term "touch" is actually the

combined term for several senses.

Tactual Perception

A series of principles that describes how we organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

The Gestalt Law of Organization

Organizing these various bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes constitutes some of the basic

processes of perception which summed up in the gestalt law of organization.


Gestalt psychologists focused on how we GROUP objects together.We innately look at things in groups and not as isolated elements.Proximity (group objects that are close together as being part of

same group)Similarity (objects similar in appearance are perceived as being

part of same group)Continuity (objects that form a continuous form are perceived as

same group)Closure (like top-down processing…we fill gaps in if we can

recognize it)


Our first perceptual

decision is what is the image is the figure and

what is the background.

Figure - Ground Relationship

Grouping & RealityAlthough grouping principles usually help us construct

reality, they may occasionally lead us astray.

Top-down processing refers to the use of contextual information in pattern

recognition. For example, understanding difficult handwriting is easier when reading

complete sentences than when reading single and isolated words. This is because

the meaning of the surrounding words provide a context to aid understanding.

Top – Down Processing

Ca- yo- re- d t- is -en-en-e, w-ic- ha- ev-ry -hi-d l-

tt-r m-ss-ng?


Can you read this sentence, which has every third letter is missing?

Ca- yo- re- d t- is -en-en-e, w-ic- ha- ev-ry -hi-d l-tt-r m-ss-ng?


Bottom-up processing is also known as data-driven processing, because perception begins with the stimulus itself. Processing is carried out in one direction from the retina to the visual cortex, with each successive stage in the visual pathway carrying out ever more complex analysis of the input.

Bottom – Up Processing

Phenomenon in which physical objects are perceived as unvarying and consistent despite changes in their appearance or in the physical

environment.

Perceptual Constancy

The ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive

distance.

Depth Perception

• Eleanor Gibson and her Visual Cliff Experiment.

• If you are old enough to crawl, you are old enough to see depth perception.

• We see depth by using two cues that researchers have put in two categories:

• Monocular Cues• Binocular Cues

Depth Perception

Depth Perception

Visual Cliff Experiment

Motion Perception depends on cues such as the perceived

movement of an object across the retina and information about

how the head and eyes are moving.

Motion Perception

Visual IllusionsPhysical stimuli that consistently

produce errors in perception.

Perceptual Illusion

ESP refers to the ability to perceive stimuli that are outside the 5 sensesTelepathy: the ability to read mindsClairvoyance: the ability to perceive objects or events Precognition: the ability to predict the futurePsychokinesis: the ability to move objects

Extra Sensory Perception

Errors Of

perception

An illusion is a distortion of a sensory perception. Each of the human senses can

be deceived by illusions, but visual illusions are the most well known. Some illusions are subjective; different people may experience an illusion differently, or

not at all.

Illusion

Any movement you see is an illusion!

Hallucination, the experience of perceiving objects or events that do not have an external source, such as hearing one’s name called by a voice that no one

else seems to hear. A hallucination is distinguished from an illusion, which is a misinterpretation of an actual stimulus.

Hallucination

Delusion, in psychology, a rigid system of beliefs with which a person is preoccupied and to which the person firmly holds, despite the logical absurdity of the beliefs and a lack of

supporting evidence. Delusions are symptomatic of such mental disorders as

paranoia, schizophrenia, and major depression and of such physiological conditions as senile

psychosis and delirium.

Delusion

Miano, Jay-Vee M.Psychology - Types of Perception and Errors of Perception

Feldman. Psychology and Your Life.

Mc Graw Hill Companies. 2010.

THANK YOU FOR USING THIS AS A REFERENC

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Perception

Presentations & Public Speaking

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