PENVORES FOREST - MicrosoftPENVORES FOREST Operating Environment 3. Forest Landscape Description...

PENVORES FOREST

For the period 2013 / 2018

Owned by PENVORES FARM LIMITED

Forest Management Plan

Prepared by Sally Haddon PO Box 1127 | ROTORUA

T: 07 921 1010 | F: 07 921 1020 [email protected] | www.pfolsen.com

JANUARY 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1

FOREST MANAGEMENT PLAN FSCGS04 PENVORES FOREST

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 4

Growing wood ............................................................................................................................. 4 Principles and Criteria ................................................................................................................. 4 About this Plan ............................................................................................................................ 4

2. MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES................................................................................................ 5

Environmental and economic services ........................................................................................ 5 Management objectives ............................................................................................................... 5 Implementation ............................................................................................................................ 6

3. FOREST LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................... 7

Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Location and access ..................................................................................................................... 7 Topography ................................................................................................................................. 8 Soils ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Climate ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Legal ownership .......................................................................................................................... 8 The ecological landscape............................................................................................................. 8 Protective Status .......................................................................................................................... 9

4. MAP 1 - FOREST LOCATION MAP ...................................................................................... 10

5. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE AND ADJACENT LAND .................................................... 11

Forest history ............................................................................................................................. 11 Current social profile ................................................................................................................. 11 Associations with Tangata Whenua .......................................................................................... 11 Neighbours ................................................................................................................................ 11

6. THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................. 13

Regulatory considerations ......................................................................................................... 13 Resource Management Act ....................................................................................................... 13 District Plan ............................................................................................................................... 13 Regional Plan ............................................................................................................................ 14 Historic Places Trust Act ........................................................................................................... 15 Consents & authorities held ...................................................................................................... 16 The Emissions Trading Scheme ................................................................................................ 16 Other relevant legislation .......................................................................................................... 16 NZ Environmental Code of Practice ......................................................................................... 17

7. FOREST ESTATE DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 18

Forest area ................................................................................................................................. 18 Current species .......................................................................................................................... 18 Site index ................................................................................................................................... 19 Current crop status .................................................................................................................... 19 Age class distribution ................................................................................................................ 19

8. RESERVE AREAS AND SIGNIFICANT SPECIES ............................................................... 20

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 20 Reserve areas ............................................................................................................................. 20 Rare and threatened species ...................................................................................................... 20



9. MAP 2 - FOREST STANDS MAP ........................................................................................... 21

10. NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS AND OTHER SPECIAL VALUES .......................... 22

Non-timber forest products ....................................................................................................... 22 Other special values .................................................................................................................. 22

11. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND PRACTICES ................................................................. 23

Policy ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Environmental management goals ............................................................................................ 23 The EMS framework ................................................................................................................. 24 Hazardous substances management .......................................................................................... 27

12. COMMERCIAL CROP ESTABLISHMENT AND SILVICULTURAL OPERATIONS ....... 28

Crop species .............................................................................................................................. 28 Other species ............................................................................................................................. 28 Establishment ............................................................................................................................ 28 Pre-establishment forest flora and fauna .................................................................................. 29 Tending ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Tree nutrition ............................................................................................................................. 29

13. FOREST INVENTORY, MAPPING AND FOREST RECORDS ........................................... 30

Pre-assessment .......................................................................................................................... 30 Quality control........................................................................................................................... 31 Mid-crop inventory ................................................................................................................... 31 Pre-harvest inventory ................................................................................................................ 31 Mapping .................................................................................................................................... 32 Mapping updates ....................................................................................................................... 32 Forest records ............................................................................................................................ 33

14. HARVESTING STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS ................................................................ 34

Harvesting strategy .................................................................................................................... 34 Getting harvest ready ................................................................................................................ 35

15. PROPERTY MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION ............................................................. 36

Statutory pest obligations .......................................................................................................... 36 Pest control ................................................................................................................................ 37 Disease control .......................................................................................................................... 37 Protected ecosystems, reserves and species .............................................................................. 38 Fire prevention and control ....................................................................................................... 38 Forest management requirements .............................................................................................. 39 Fire authority responsibilities .................................................................................................... 39 Forest insurance ......................................................................................................................... 40 Public liability insurance ........................................................................................................... 40

16. MONITORING ......................................................................................................................... 41

Values monitored ...................................................................................................................... 41 Financial .................................................................................................................................... 42 Social ......................................................................................................................................... 42

17. FUTURE PLANNING .............................................................................................................. 43

Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 43 Operation plans ......................................................................................................................... 43



© PF OLSEN LTD

All rights reserved.

All rights of copying, publication, storage, transmission and retrieval in whole or part by any means and for all purposes except for bona fide copying by the entity that commissioned this report, as set out on the title page, are reserved.

JANUARY 2013 INTRODUCTION Page 4


1. INTRODUCTION

Growing wood Wood has many different uses, from firewood to construction timber, to

newspapers and tissue paper, from furniture to clothing. Wood fibre is extremely versatile and is produced using carbon dioxide and the energy of the sun. Wood from well managed forests is a renewable resource that can meet the economic, social and cultural needs of our society without compromising the environment. Penvores Farm Ltd�s objective is to grow wood for further processing in

New Zealand or overseas and obtain an economic return on investment. Penvores Farm Ltd seeks to achieve this through the growing of suitable species with wood characteristics that meet the demand of the market. The trees are established, protected and tended as required to meet those demands.

Principles and Criteria

Penvores Farm Ltd is committed to adopt the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Principles and to meet their Criteria and the FSC standards of good forest management. These standards include ecological, social and economic parameters. Penvores Farm Ltd is committed to the PF Olsen FSC Group Scheme that is implemented through the Group Scheme Member Manual and associated documents.

About this Plan This document provides a summary of the forest management plan and

contains:

Management objectives;

A description of the land and forest resources;

Environmental safeguards;

Identification and protection of rare, threatened and endangered species;

Rationale for species selection, management regime and harvest plan and techniques to be used;

Appropriate management of unstocked reserve areas;

Maps showing plantation area, legal boundaries and protected areas;

Provisions for monitoring and protection.

JANUARY 2013 Management Objectives Page 5


2. Management Objectives

Environmental and economic services

Penvores forest can provide environmental benefits, including:

Enhanced water quality;

Soil, stabilisation and conservation;

Providing a buffer against flooding during storms;

Shading waterways for aquatic life;

Enhance wildlife and plant habitat leading to increased biodiversity;

A reduction in greenhouse gases;

Providing economic and social benefits to the community and Penvores Farm Ltd.

Some forest operations and events such as wind storms, flooding and fire, and agents such as pests and diseases, and weeds can cause adverse effects on both the forest and the environmental, economic and social services it provides.

Management objectives

The forest is managed to:

Grow trees and produce logs for the manufacturing of different wood products in New Zealand and overseas with a focus on high value pruned logs;

Ensure that the productivity of the land does not decline;

Control noxious weeds, particularly gorse;

Ensure that environmental values are identified and maintained;

Ensure that historic sites are identified and protected;

Ensure that other forest values and products are identified, protected and where possible enhanced;

Harvest the trees as close as possible to their economic optimum age;

Replant following harvesting.

Penvores Farm Ltd is committed to ensure that the management of the forest is sustainable, from an environmental, social, cultural and economic perspective. These perspectives underpin the FSC management culture.

Continued on next page...

JANUARY 2013 Management Objectives Page 6


...continued Environmental management includes steps to identify rare, threatened and endangered species where such presence is a possibility, protection of reserve areas, waterways and the control of pests and weeds. The social perspective includes ensuring that contractors and their workers adhere to health and safety standards and consultation with neighbours and stakeholders in respect of operations on the forest. The cultural perspective includes consultation with the appropriate iwi to ensure that culturally significant resources lands, historic and archaeological sites are identified and appropriately managed. The economic perspective refers to the selection of a species, management and harvesting regime, which provides a reasonable return on investment while minimising the risks of this investment.

Implementation The forest management objectives described above are implemented by

PF Olsen Ltd (PF Olsen), the forest manager for Penvores forest. The manager applies recognised best forestry management practice within a quality management framework to plan for and deliver the required forest management objectives. The Quality management framework includes:

The PF Olsen ISO 9001 certified forest management system, ensuring that the forest management planning is up to date and that operations are scheduled and undertaken according to the plan.

The PF Olsen ISO 14001 certified environmental management system, ensuring that high standards of environmental management are recognised and integrated into every facet of the forest planning and management.

The FSC Environmental certification (when requested by the customer) to ensure management principles and practice adhere to internationally recognised and adopted standards for environmental management.

JANUARY 2013 Forest Landscape Description Page 7


Operating Environment

3. Forest Landscape Description

Overview This section describes the physical and legal attributes of the land on

which the forest is located. Included in this section are discussions of:

Location and access Topography Soils Climate Legal ownership and tenure

Location and access

Penvores forest is located in the lower Ruamahunga River Valley, approximately 24 km southwest of Martinborough and 6 km northeast of Pirinoa. Penvores Farm is adjacent to the Martinborough Lake Ferry Road, and Penvores Forest consists of three blocks (four compartments) located within the boundaries of Penvores Farm. Access to the forest is gained from the road across adjacent farmland. Access to the three blocks is across the farmland. In places this follows formed tracks; elsewhere access is across paddocks. Access can sometimes be restricted in very wet ground conditions. Tracks traverse through Compartments 1 and 2, but both are overgrown with gorse and are impassable. Harvesting roads will need to be constructed, and this will be addressed nearer harvesting. The contour will allow relatively easy road construction. Notice should always be given to Mr Fred Sorenson on (06) 3077893 prior to crossing the farm. Mr Sorenson leases Penvores Farm. The location of the forest in relation to potential markets is listed in the table below and shown in Map 1. Table 1: Distances from Forest to Log Markets

Potential Market Distance from Forest (km) Log market or Export Port

Juken NZ 70 Domestic

Davis Sawmill 30 Domestic

Port Wellington 70 Export



Topography

Most of the forest areas are located on short, moderate slopes between broad river terraces, or where small streams have eroded into river terraces. Adjacent land is relatively flat. Within the forest areas slopes would not exceed 20 degrees. The whole property drains into the nearby Ruamahunga River. All of the forest is less than 50 metres above sea level.

Soils Soils are alluvial silt loams and are quite stony, consistent with the

terraces in the lower reaches of a large river system. These soils have a low to medium natural fertility, and are suitable for production forestry. There is no real erosion issue on this land.

Climate

The climate is typical of East Coast NZ, with long dry summers with predominant norwesterly winds and periodic severe droughts. Mild winters bring moderate rainfall and periodic cold southerly storms. Rainfall is approximately 900 mm per annum.

Legal ownership The legal description of the land on which the forest is situated is:

DP 10498, Certificate of Title 636/28, Pt sec 18, 20, 21, 22, 29 and 36, Turanganui Blk, Blks II & V, Haurangi Survey District.

The tenure is freehold.

The ecological landscape

In pre-human times, the vegetation cover of the Wairarapa Plains was mostly podocarp dominated forests- totara in the drier areas, and kahikatea/matai in the wetter areas. Flood-induced wetlands were common, and home to a range of native raupo, harakeke, sedges and rushes. With the arrival of Maori, much of these extensive forests were burned in the 17th century, inducing native scrub (matagouri, manuka and kanuka) and native grassland mosaics around smaller areas of remaining podocarp forest. Following European settlement, much of the remaining podocarp forests were cleared for agriculture and for construction timber. Wetlands were drained and native fernland and scrub was cleared or grazed. More recently, the Ruamahanga River was diverted and barraged which has ended the natural flooding events that maintained the extensive wetlands on the Plains. Many of the wetlands had already been drained and modified.



Protective Status The following table shows vegetation types as required by the Draft

National Standard for Plantation Forest Management in New Zealand. Table 2: Protective Status of the Ecological Landscape

Ecological District: Wairarapa Plains ED Area of Ecological District: 131,509 ha Natural ecosystem area remaining under protection: 10,512 ha Natural ecosystem area (percent) remaining under protection: 8% Protection by certificate holder 19.1 ha Protection by certificate holder as % of total under protection 0.18% Protected areas as a % of management estate 57.4%

JANUARY 2013 Page 10


4. Map 1 - Forest Location Map

JANUARY 2013 Socio-economic profile and adjacent land Page 11


5. Socio-economic profile and adjacent land

Forest history The block was entirely farmed, until Penvores Farm Ltd planted the

steeper and wetter areas in radiata pine. The area suffers from gorse infestation, and forestry was seen as a good way to control gorse in the less productive areas in terms of agricultural production.

Current social profile

The predominant land use within the Wairarapa district is pastoral farming along with large areas of horticultural and viticultural land use, particularly within the Ruamahunga River Valley. Forestry plantings are scattered throughout the province, with the main areas concentrated within the Eastern Wairarapa Hill country. Penvores forest is located in the lower Ruamahunga River Valley. It is surrounded by pastoral farmland, currently a dairy unit, owned by the forest owners and leased to a neighbour. Beyond the farm boundary, the area is predominantly pastoral farmland, both dairy and sheep and beef farms. The contribution of Penvores forest to the local workforce and economy is not significant, owing to its size and scale within the district.

Associations with Tangata Whenua

Iwi that have an affiliation with the Wairarapa area are the Kahungunu and Rangitane iwi as shown on the Te Kahui Mangai website (www.tkm.govt.nz) . No interests in Penvores forest is known.

Neighbours Neighbours to the forest estate boundaries have a special interest in the

management of the forest(s). Activities within the forest may positively or negatively impact upon their quality of life or businesses in a number of ways, while inappropriately managed operations could create risks of adverse health, safety and environmental hazards. Neighbours may use the forests for recreational purposes, or place reliance on the forests for provision of water quality or quantity services. Boundary issues such as weed and pest control, access and boundary alignment issues may also involve neighbours. The following table lists the forest neighbours and their primary activities. Some or all of these parties should be consulted when operations are proposed in forest areas adjacent to their boundaries. A location map is included in appendix 1.


JANUARY 2013 Socio-economic profile and adjacent land Page 12


...continued Table 3: Neighbours Owner/Occupier Contact Location Activities

Ngapu Investments Ltd 06-307 7855

NW Farming

I.F. & M.I. Sorensen and Woodhouse Trustees Ltd

06-307 7893

W Farming

J.S. & J.A. Colton and Gawith Trustees Ltd

06-307 7862

N Farming

J.A. & G.M. Field and E.F. Cooke and A.P. Vallance

N Farming

Fraser Donald Ltd 06-307 7709

E Farming/native bush

The Presbyterian Church Property Trustees Inc

N Church

Sinclair Family Cemetry Co Ltd

06-307 7815

N Cemetery

P.R. Macdonald and K.J. Aburn

06-307 7815

S Farming/native bush

JANUARY 2013 The Regulatory Environment Page 13


6. The Regulatory Environment

Regulatory considerations

In order to minimise the risk to forest owners, managers and contractors, it is important that relevant legislation and agreements are identified and appropriate measures put in place to ensure that breaches of legislation are avoided. The following legislation and agreements summarise key regulatory and voluntary controls that currently apply to forest operations in the forest.

Resource Management Act

Penvores forest is subject to the provisions of the Resource Management Act (RMA) 1991. The RMA sets up a resource management system that promotes the sustainable management of natural and physical resources and is now the principal statute for the management of land, water, soil and other resources in New Zealand. Under the RMA, Penvores forest falls under the South Wairarapa District Council for land management issues and the Greater Wellington Regional Council for soil conservation and water quality issues.

District Plan Penvores forest falls under the jurisdiction of the South Wairarapa

District Council. The three Wairarapa District Councils (Masterton, Carterton and South Wairarapa) have prepared a Combined District Plan under the Resource Management Act. The current plan was last amended on 25 May 2011. Under the plan this block is zoned �Primary Production� and is a permitted use. Table 4: District Plan Rules as they Affect Forestry

Rule Ref Status Requirement 4.5.2.J Permitted Plantation Forestry is permitted if:

Set back 20m from centreline of formed public road, 10m from any boundary, 35m from Residential Zone/existing neighbour dwelling/school, 20m from high voltage transmission line, 10m from stream >1m wide.



Regional Plan

The forest comes under the jurisdiction of the Greater Wellington Regional Council. The table below summarises permitted activity limits that are related to plantation forestry. If activities cannot be completed within these limits, then a resource consent will be required. Rules as they currently affect Penvores forest are:

Table 5: Regional Plan Rules as they Affect Forestry

Rule Ref Status Requirement Regional Soil Plan Rule 3

Permitted Vegetation clearance on erosion prone soil (>23 degrees)- notify council 21 days prior, re-established in woody vegetation within 18mths, follow NZFOA ECOP, no slash >100mm left in watercourse.

Regional Soil Plan Rule 1

Restricted discretionary

Roading and tracking- during any 12 month period, road or track having a continuous length of new upslope batter extending for greater than 200 metres, with a height of greater than 1.5 metres measured vertically. Otherwise discretionary.

Regional Freshwater Plan Rule 25

Permitted River crossing that does not dam the river- <200ha catchment, does not alter natural stream course, does not reduce capacity to convey floods, meets Freshwater Fisheries Act and Building Act regulations. No contaminants minimise sediment into water.

Regional Plan for Discharges to Land Rule 3

Permitted Discharge of stormwater to land- chlorine <50g/m³, discharge shall not cause water to enter any property beyond the boundary of the property or area in which the discharge occurs, pipes/drains/reservoirs kept in good working order.



Historical and archaeological sites

Under the Historic Places Act it is the landowner�s responsibility to

identify any historic sites on their land prior to undertaking any work which, may disturb or destroy such sites. Records of archaeological and historical places are maintained in the NZ Archaeological Association Site Recording Scheme http://www.archsite.org.nz/ .

Checks of this website show no known records on the Penvores block, however there are sites on neighbouring properties. These sites are pa sites and associated pits and ovens. There is also a kainga that was closed down pre-1900 to the west. It is possible that there may be unrecorded sites present in Penvores forest, therefore it is prudent that when harvest planning begins, an archaeological survey be considered should there be little information about sites in the area. If a site is found or suspected on any block, the protocols specified in PF Olsen�s EMS, and any others specifically developed in conjunction

with HPT and Iwi or other stakeholders must be observed. Where such circumstances require, an �Authority to Modify or Destroy� will be

sought from HPT. Such authorities are similar in function to a resource consent and if granted, normally come with conditions that must be met. The process to apply for authorities is documented in PF Olsen�s EMS. Note also that consents to modify an archaeological site may sometimes be required from the local District Council and sites of cultural significance are often included in schedules of places and sites of significance in District plans. Update checks for any sites will be required before any harvesting or related earthworks commences.



Consents and authorities held

There are no current resource consents and HPT authorities that apply to Penvores forest.

The Emissions Trading Scheme

Forests in New Zealand are governed by rules related to New Zealand�s

Kyoto commitments to reduce the nation�s carbon footprint and contribution to associated climate change. Penvores forest contains no stands that were existing forest as at 31st December 1989. The forest was planted on �Kyoto compliant� land that was vacant as at 31st December 1989. These forest areas have not been registered to participate in the NZ Emissions Trading Scheme and are not subject to the accrual of emissions credits and liabilities under that scheme.

Other relevant legislation

Other relevant legislation in relation to the growing and harvesting of the tree crop are: Animal Welfare Act 1999. Biosecurity Act 1993. Climate Change Response Act 2002. Conservation Act 1987. Crown Forest Assets Act 1989. Fencing Act 1978. Forests Act 1949. Forest and Rural Fires Act 1977. Forests Amendment Act 1993. Forestry Rights Registration Act 1983. Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996. Health in Safety in Employment Act 1992. Historic Places Act 1993. Injury Prevention, Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 2001.

New Zealand Forest Accord. Noxious Plants Act 1978. Pesticides Act 1979. Reserves Act 1977. Resource Management Act 1991. Soil Conservation and River Control Act 1971. Trespass Act 1980. For a comprehensive list of relevant legislation refer to PF Olsen�s EMS. Forest owners can be held liable for breaches of these Acts and may be held responsible for damage to third party property. Appropriate protection should be taken to minimise these risks.



NZ Environmental Code of Practice

All operations carried out on the property should be undertaken to the standards specified in the New Zealand Environmental Code of Practice for Plantation Forestry. This document sets out guidelines which ensure safe and efficient forest operations that meet the requirements of sound and practical environmental management.

Forest Road Engineering Manual

Roading and engineering techniques employed within the forest should conform to the �industry best practice� as outlined in the New Zealand

Forest Owners Association publication, �NZ Forest Road Engineering

Manual� 2012.

JANUARY 2013 Forest Estate Description Page 18


Forest Management

7. Forest Estate Description

Forest area The net stocked areas have been measured from a map produced by

PF Olsen (Forest Stands Map). The estimated net stocked areas of each stand are set out in the following table. Table 6: Area Statement

Current species The species grown at Penvores forest is Pinus radiata (radiata pine).

This species has been chosen to best meet the management objectives set out above and in section 2 given the characteristics of the forest land as described in section 3. Treestocks established in the forest are summarised in the table below. Table 7: Treestock Seedlots

Stand Treestock 1/01 Seedlot 99/5 containerised 2/01 Seedlot 93/40, bareroot 3/01 Seedlot 93/326 and 94/300, containerised 4/01 Seedlot 99/769, containerised

Net Stocked Area (ha)

Reserves (ha)

35.7 20.8

JANUARY 2013 Forest Estate Description Page 19


Site index Site index is a measure of productivity of a site in terms of height

growth of radiata pine. The parameter used is the mean height in metres of the largest 100 trees per hectare at age 20 years. Equations exist to predict this height given a measured height at any age. Site index for this forest is 27.0m. The 300 index is a measure of productivity of a site based on stem volume growth (mean annual increment) given a measured height at any age. 300 index for this forest is 27.5m.

Current crop status

Measurement data from the most recent inventory by stand was summarised to give the current status of the crop. This is summarised in the table below. Table 8: Current Crop Status

Stand Year

planted Inventory

date NSA (ha)

Total stocking

(s/ha)

Basal area (m2/ha)

Mean top Ht (m)

Mean DBH (cm)

Pruned stocking

(s/ha)

Pruned height

(m) 1/01 1999 08/2008 3.5 333 7.96 11.4 16.7 317 5.8 2/01 1994 08/2001 16.5 300 5.8 9.5 15.5 300 5.2 3/01 1997 12/2006 9.8 310 15.2 16.1 26.8 263 6.7 4/01 2000 5.9 c. 250

Age class distribution

The age class distribution of Penvores forest is illustrated below:

JANUARY 2013 Reserve areas and significant species Page 20


8. Reserve areas and significant species

Introduction Indigenous biodiversity management in or associated with exotic forests

is an essential component of everyday forest management. Although exotic forests can provide a level of biodiversity, the reserve areas are usually the source of most indigenous biodiversity. Rare and threatened species can also be found associated with exotic forests and require special attention for management.

Reserve areas Penvores forest contains four reserve areas. The four exotic plantation

stands are located within pastoral farmland, which is fenced off to exclude stock from the farming operation. Within three of the four compartments, remnants of native kanuka and broadleaves have been retained and reserved for soil protection on steeper slopes. These areas are dominated by manuka, but have a developing co-canopy of shrub hardwoods, mahoe, lancewood, Pittosporum tenuifolium, totara and rimu. The existing indigenous vegetation is also providing protection from the spread of gorse, which is an objective in the establishment of the tree crop. The protected ecosystems are shown on the Forest Stands Map in Section 11. Table 9: Protected Ecosystems and Reserve Areas

Stand Area (ha) Protective Status

Protective Function

LENZ Remaining %

LENZ Protected %

Ranking Protection Category

LEPT-01 3.7 NZ Forest Accord

Riparian ecosystem

8.4 5.2 256 Passive


Riparian ecosystem

8.4 5.2 128 Passive


Riparian ecosystem

8.4 5.2 128 Passive


Riparian ecosystem

8.4 5.2 64 Passive

LEPT-05 1.1 Management Plan

Riparian ecosystem

8.4 5.2 8 Passive

Rare and threatened species

The Department of Conservation has been consulted on which rare and endangered species may be or are present in Penvores forest. There are no rare and threatened species believed to be present in Penvores forest and no sightings records have been reported.

JANUARY 2013 Map 2 - Forest Stands Map Page 21


9. Map 2 - Forest Stands Map

JANUARY 2013 Non-Timber Forest Products and Other Special Values Page 22


10. Non-Timber Forest Products and Other Special Values

Introduction Forest plantations may also provide for non-timber forest products that

enhance the economic well being of the owner or legitimate forest users. Non-timber products are an important means of maximising the production capacity of the forest whilst maintaining environmental and social values. The forest management plan provides procedures for developing and managing these resources. Forests can also provide many other special values, which are also provided for and managed through the forest management plan.

Non-timber forest products

No non-timber products are currently being produced or developed in Penvores forest.

Other special values

The following special values have been identified in Penvores forest:

Long term control of gorse will aid pasture management on the adjacent farmland. Over time the trees will suppress existing old man gorse, and current land and forest management practices means seedling gorse regrowth following harvesting will be easily controlled.

JANUARY 2013 Environmental Policy and Practices Page 23


11. Environmental Policy and Practices

Introduction Environmental policy and practices are an integral part of every

operation that takes place on the forest. Regular monitoring of key environmental parameters will be undertaken where necessary to ensure that the impact on the forest environment from events such as wind storms, flooding and fire, and of agents such as pests and diseases, and weeds are minimised. The management of the forest recognises the importance of the natural and social environment for the future of its business. The people employed in the forest and processing plants, the neighbouring land owners, the appropriate iwi and the community at large are all recognised as stakeholders. All activities within Penvores forest are subject to management within a framework set by PF Olsen�s environmental policies and Environmental Management System (EMS).

Policy PF Olsen Limited Environmental Policy:

PF Olsen Ltd is committed to:

Sustainable forest and land management;

Promoting high environmental performance standards that recognise the input from the community in which we operate;

Where appropriate applying the Principles and Criteria of the Forest Stewardship Council across forest management.

Substantial additional detailed policies are contained within PF Olsen�s

EMS.

Environmental management goals

The EMS implemented by PF Olsen has the following objectives:

1. Achieve a greater understanding and ownership of environmental responsibilities and performance by all PF Olsen personnel and contractors;

2. Complete compliance with environmental legislative requirements and non-legislative environmental commitments of the company;




...continued 3. Establishment and maintenance of sound working relationships with each of the regional and district councils that are applicable to our operations;

4. Establishment and maintenance of sound working relationships with appropriate contractors, iwi, neighbours, recreation users, community groups, infrastructure authorities (e.g. Transit New Zealand and Transpower) and other stakeholders on which our activities may effect;

5. Increase awareness of environmental effects of operations among staff and contractors;

6. Use energy effectively and efficiently, and reduce waste and pollution;

7. Promote and undertake sound environmental stewardship of land and other natural resources on or adjacent to this land.

To achieve the objectives listed above PF Olsen set specific environmental targets against which progress is being measured. These environmental targets are reviewed on an annual basis.

The EMS framework

The EMS is a core document defining the policies, processes and procedures that govern the physical implementation of forest management activities. The EMS applies a systematic approach certified to ISO 14001 standards to ensure that prevention of adverse and harmful impacts is effective. Key elements comprising the EMS are: Defined I.T. mounted processes and procedures including flow

charts, guiding users through all the steps from planning to implementation of operational activities.

An operational implementation framework that follows the well recognised management process of planning, doing, monitoring and adjustment.

Linkages to forms and I.T. based databases to capture information required to monitor environmental aspects.

Hyperlinks to key internal and external resources required to assist managers to achieve required outcomes in a legally compliant and environmentally sound way.

Comprehensive I.T based systems for management of environmental incidents, operational monitoring, regulatory compliance, training, corrective actions / quality management and management of protected ecosystems.

Procedures for managing emergency situations.




...continued Procedures and resources for managing and minimising the use of chemicals including compliance with FSC policies related to Hazardous Chemicals.

Periodic internal and external auditing. Audits are an integral part of the EMS. The purpose of these audits is:

o To check compliance with agreed procedures; and

o Discuss ways to improve the EMS to better achieve its targets and objectives.

An Environmental Management Group (EMG) assists the Environmental Manager, who is responsible for ensuring that the EMS is maintained and implemented to ISO 14001 standards. Internal audits to ensure compliance with the EMS and to improve the procedures of the EMS are undertaken at least once every two years.



Assessment of environmental risks

Several areas of typical forest management have been identified as posing a possible environmental risk within Penvores forest. The Environmental Assessment Matrix below summarises the identified risks for Penvores forest. The level of risk has been evaluated in the matrix as high �H�, medium �M�, low �L�, or not applicable �NA�. Prior to operations such as clearfelling, land preparation and production thinning, an assessment is undertaken to quantify the risk involved in carrying out the particular operation, and steps are implemented to manage the risks.

Forestry Operational Activities

ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES/ISSUES

Ero

sion

& S

ed

-im

ent

Con

trol

Wat

er Q

ualit

y

Soil

Con

serv

atio

n &

Qua

lity

Air

Qua

lity

Aqu

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Lif

e

Nat

ive

Wild

life

Nat

ive

V

eget

atio

n

His

tori

cal &

C

ultu

ral V

alue

s

Lan

dsca

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V

isua

l Val

ues

Nei

ghbo

urs

& o

ther

fo

rest

use

rs

Pub

lic U

tilit

ies

Rec

reat

ion

V

alue

s

Harvesting L L M L L L M L L M L L

Earthworks M L M L L L L L L L L L

Slash Management L L L L L L L L L L L L

Stream Crossings L M L L M L L L L L L L

Mechanical Land Preparation

NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Burning L L L H L L L L M M L L

Planting NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Tending NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA L L NA

Fertiliser Application NA M NA L M NA NA NA NA L L L

Agrichemical Use NA M L L M L M NA L M L L

Oil & Fuel Management NA M L NA M NA L NA NA L L L

Waste Management NA L NA NA L NA NA NA L L NA NA

Forest Protection NA L NA NA L L L NA NA L NA L



Hazardous substances management

Hazardous substances are any substances, which may cause adverse environmental impacts and/or injury or health problems if incorrectly handled or used. The hazardous materials which may be used on Penvores forest are:

Pesticides

Fuels

Oils

Fire retardants

Surfactants

Transportation, storage and labelling of these hazardous materials must all comply with the provisions of the Health and Safety manual, which is maintained under ISO 9001 certification. Furthermore, the forest manager is committed to reducing the use of hazardous substances as much as possible. This involves use of alternative methods for the control of weeds, pests and diseases where these are effective and efficient. The use of fuels and oils is minimised where possible. Fire retardants are only used when required and surfactants are only used to make more efficient use of specific herbicides.

JANUARY 2013 Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations Page 28


12. Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations

Introduction The choice of species is the most important issue in plantation forestry.

The species has to be suitable for the site and meet the objectives of Penvores Farm Ltd. Also important is to ensure that the planting material is of good quality. Forest operations are implemented to ensure a good quality crop and maximum growth. These operations include land preparation, establishment, weed control, pest and disease control, fire protection, pruning and thinning. General property maintenance is also an important factor in forest management and can include maintenance of roads and tracks and other assets such as buildings, fences and water systems.

Crop species Radiata pine, when intensively managed, will produce a range of

different log types suitable for various processing options. The pruned butt log can be used to make knot-free veneer or decorative timber. The unpruned logs can be used for structural timber, for veneer or for feedstock for fingerjointing. The small logs and those with defects and excessive knots can be used for pulp and paper, MDF and other reconstituted wood products such as tri-board and particle board. Radiata pine is the most common species processed in New Zealand and export markets are well developed for both finished products and logs. In New Zealand radiata pine is also the main focus in terms of research and development. Past research and development has resulted in improvements in growth, form and wood characteristics as well as development of a range of finished products, building codes and timber standards.

Other species Alternative species have been considered, but these did not meet the

Penvores Farm Ltd objectives.

Establishment There is no establishment planned at Penvores forest during the period

of this management plan. Re-establishment will aim to use high quality treestocks suitable for the site and market. These will be investigated at time of establishment.

JANUARY 2013 Commercial Crop Establishment and Silvicultural Operations Page 29


Pre-establishment forest flora and fauna

Prior to re-establishment of the tree crop, a review will be conducted to identify whether there are any rare, threatened or endangered species of flora or fauna within the area to be planted and what, if any, adjustments in planning may be required. A plantation crop is likely to confer beneficial habitat buffering rather than cause adverse effects.

Tending

The tending regime executed at Penvores forest is a mix of pruned and unpruned structural. Three of the stands have been tended to produce high quality clearwood by pruning, whilst the fourth stand was planted in an area with significant gorse growth. This stand is currently untended, but will be thinned to waste in 2013/14 to produce framing grade timber at maturity.

Tree nutrition

The soils in Penvores forest are not likely to be deficient in nutrients for healthy tree growth. However, there are soils within New Zealand that are deficient in one or more nutrients. The most common nutrient deficiencies are likely to be:

Magnesium � Magnesium deficiency is a particular problem of the Central North Island and is associated with the phenomenon known as mid crown yellowing where the middle of the tree crowns turn a yellow colour. Heavily pruned trees and some seedlots are more predisposed to the deficiency than others.

Boron � Boron deficient trees can suffer dieback from the terminal buds and this symptom is closely associated with moisture stress and drought. Trees growing on the drier East Coast of both Islands and on the pumice soils of the Central North Island are prone to boron deficiency.

Foliar samples will be taken if nutrient deficiency symptoms are seen or expected. Fertiliser will only be applied if the health and the growth of the trees are significantly affected.

JANUARY 2013 FOREST INVENTORY, MAPPING AND FOREST RECORDS Page 30


13. FOREST INVENTORY, MAPPING AND FOREST RECORDS

Forest growth and development is monitored through regular forest

inventory. Forest inventories providing stand information are required at different times and for different reasons throughout the life of the rotation. PF Olsen have developed procedures for each of the following four types of inventory to be applied on Penvores forest:

pre-assessment

quality control

mid crop

pre-harvest

Pre-assessment Pre-assessment is the collection of stand parameters prior to a tending

operation. It allows for:

The calculation of contract rate for tending.

A final check on the validity of the regime and timing of commencement of operations i.e. DOS targets can be achieved or crop height is sufficient for pruning lift scheduled.

Sampling intensity is low. Data collected is then used with the time standards set out in the tending manual to calculate a manday target and hence a contract rate per hectare. Contract rates are often set by tender or negotiation, reducing the need to pre-assess each and every block. Pre-assessment however does provide good quality information on the work content involved in each tending operation and sets a base price for negotiation. Pre assessment was completed at Penvores forest prior to tending operations commencing.



Quality control Quality control is carried out during and after a tending operation. The

aims of the quality control system PF Olsen have established are to:

Collect sufficient data to monitor a contractor's performance and correct this if necessary, with minimum delay.

Collect sufficient quantitative data to provide reliable estimates of the crop state.

Provide data as input for growth modelling.

Provide data for estimating timing of the next tending operation.

Data is summarised by Forest/Compartment/Stand prior to being

entered into FIPS where it is retained as a permanent record. The records can then be directly accessed for growth model and computer growth simulation programmes, annual reports and valuations. PF Olsen�s �Tending Manual� details the procedures to follow for pre-assessment and quality control plotting. Quality control was completed at Penvores forest at the completion of each tending operation.

Mid-crop inventory

The principal aim for the mid-crop inventory is to collect stand data for inputs for growth modelling. Under current tending regimes mid-crop inventory is scheduled for between 11 and 15 years of age. Sampling intensity is targeted to achieve 10% confidence limits on Basal Area on a stand by stand basis. Smaller stands may be aggregated into crop types to achieve this.

Pre-harvest inventory

The principal aim for the pre-harvest inventory is to obtain estimates of recoverable volume by log grade. This information can then be used to develop marketing and harvesting strategies. Pre-harvest inventories will be undertaken when stands reach five years or less from harvesting. Sampling intensity is targeted to achieve 10% confidence limits on Basal Area on a stand by stand basis. Smaller stands may be aggregated into crop types to achieve this as in mid-crop inventory.



Mapping Digital mapping of Penvores forest currently exists, but will require

updating from time to time as the forest changes. The work involves:

mapping 10m contours from existing photography;

mapping forest detail from existing aerial photography; and

defining legal boundaries.

All the data is supplied in a digital format.

The digital data is retained, processed and managed on PF Olsen�s GIS

(Geographic Information System).

Pruning and thinning contractors are commonly paid on an area basis and accurate mapping prevents overpayment and avoids disputes regarding the area actually completed. Accurate mapping also assists with budgeting, planning and calculation of future revenue/tree crop value, infrastructure and harvesting and also meeting climate change emissions obligations. After harvesting, the contours and any relevant forest detail are available for planning and management of the second rotation.

Mapping updates Stands are remapped from new aerial photography around age four

(when the trees are visible on aerial photography) to accurately determine boundaries and areas and around two years prior to harvesting to assist with harvest planning.



Forest records Forest records are essential in monitoring the forest operations by

providing a historic perspective to the physical condition of each stand. Forest records should provide the following information:

A historic record of forest operations for each stand including a summary of quality control data indicating the results and quality of the operation.

A forest map showing the location, stand boundaries and net stocked area of each stand.

Crop inventory results.

Yields achieved from each stand at production thinning or clearfell.

Costs incurred for each operation.

Penvores forest records are maintained on a computerised Land Information database. This customised database is part of PF Olsen�s

FIPS system (Forest Information and Planning System). These record systems allow for fast retrieval of information, production of reports and statistics. Forest records assist with planning and control of forest operations and provide a means of measuring the performance of a Forest Manager. In a management audit forest records can be verified against the status of the tree crop and unit costs derived for each operation.

JANUARY 2013 Harvesting Strategy and Operations Page 34


14. Harvesting Strategy and Operations

Harvesting strategy

The harvesting strategy employed at Penvores forest is to harvest the forest as close as possible to their optimum economic age as practical. This is the age at which the growth in volume and improvement in quality is offset by the cost to maintain the forest for another year. The radiata pine harvest age is expected to be within 25 to 30 years (this may be less for framing or unpruned stands). Of importance in this assessment is the actual growth of the tree crop, the market for the wood at the time of the harvest and the outlook then for the near future. These factors, together with logistics such as the availability of suitable harvest contractors and the requirements of resource consents, will determine the actual harvest time. Variation in growth and development of the tree crop may allow a longer period of harvesting to develop for this and subsequent crop rotations thereby spreading any impact harvesting of this forest may have over a longer period. The markets for wood are cyclical and spreading the harvest over a longer period reduces the risk associated with fluctuations in market prices. On the other hand, the logistics of harvesting and the risk of windthrow associated with harvest boundaries demand relatively large areas to be harvested at once. Where the harvesting of large areas within one water catchment could have a significant impact on the water yield from this catchment the harvest period may be extended to reduce such impact. Forward planning is essential when considering harvesting activities. Planning should commence 2 years before harvesting to enable roading infrastructure to be developed and any resource consents, archaeological surveys, etc. to be undertaken. This reduces the chance of hold-ups to the commencement of harvesting, which can be costly when log prices are fluctuating. No harvesting is planned within the term of this management plan.

JANUARY 2013 Harvesting Strategy and Operations Page 35


Getting harvest ready

Before harvesting commences a harvest plan is prepared. This plan will describe the harvesting method to be used based on the following considerations:

1. Terrain � what method can be used that is safe for the operators;

2. Soil and Water � the impact on soil and water will be minimised and/or mitigated;

3. Safety � to ensure forest operations are carried out safely and comply with all legal requirements;

4. Wildlife Habitat and Ecosystems � these will be maintained where possible or the impact on such habitats will be minimised and/or mitigated;

5. Other Forest Values � to ensure that other forest values such as recreation and non-timber products are recognised and where practical protected;

6. Offsite Impacts � to identify and minimise the adverse impacts of forest operations on people and the environment; and

7. Financial � to ensure forest operations are carried out in an efficient and effective manner and consider both short and long term implications.

Harvesting operations will be undertaken by a contractor and supervised by the forest manager.

JANUARY 2013 Property Management and Protection Page 36


15. Property Management and Protection

Statutory pest obligations

Pest management within Penvores forest is subject to statutory obligations under the Regional Pest Management Strategy administered by the Greater Wellington Regional Council. The strategy applies to both pest plants and animals and categorises them in terms of management objectives. The categories and landowner obligations are summarised in the table below. Table 10: Statutory Pest Regulations

Pest Category Plant pest objectives Animal Pest Objectives Total Control Eradication Eradication Containment Prevention of infestation of un-

infested neighbouring areas outside containment zone

Suppression/Site Led

Prevent further spread into neighbouring areas

Maintenance of low density

Regional Surveillance

Prevent establishment in region Prevent establishment in region

Forest Landowner Obligations Total Control Report to Council Report to Council Containment Report to Council if outside

containment zone Report to Council if outside containment zone

Suppression/Site Led

Landowner. Banana passionfruit, cathedral bells, gorse, nodding thistle, old man�s beard, ragwort,

variegated thistle, wild ginger to be destroyed within 10m of boundary of property free of infestation.

Landowner. Rabbits to be kept below level 5 of the Modified McLean Scale.

Regional Surveillance

Report to Council Report to Council

Full details of classifications and obligations are listed in Part 1 sections 3 of the Pest Management Strategy at: http://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/Our-Environment/Biosecurity/Pest-plants/GreaterWellingtonRPMS2009.pdf



Pest control The main animal pests in Penvores forest is the introduced possum and

domestic stock. Possums attack the growing tips of both plantation and native trees, causing stem malformation and die back. Possums are also a threat to neighbouring property owners who are farmers as they can carry and spread tuberculosis to domestic stock. Other pests include rabbits and hares at the time of establishment.

Animal pests in Penvores forest will be controlled using ground control

methods as required, which prevent impacts on non-target species. The forest manager will coordinate operations with organisations such as the Regional Council and the Department of Conservation to achieve effective and efficient control with in the forest area and on neighbouring land, where required.

Disease control Diseases, which can affect the forest trees and adjacent native

vegetation, are monitored throughout the year by the forest manager, and once a year by a professional independent forest health assessor. Most diseases cause little damage and do not require control. The exception is Dothistroma, a fungus which, attacks pine needles. This fungus is controlled using a copper-based fungicide, but only when the infection reaches a critical level. Dothistroma infection can also be controlled though silviculture by timely thinning and pruning operations, which increases air movement and lowers humidity levels.



Protected ecosystems, reserves and species

Management of the reserve areas will mostly be passive and includes:

On-going possum control with bait stations;

Maintenance of stock proof fences;

Protection, where possible, from forestry operations.

While the size modified and fragmented nature of these remnants severely detracts from their total ecological value in the short term, the areas are representations of a much wider distribution of forest type of which little remains.

Fire prevention and control

With the weather patterns normally experienced in New Zealand during the period late spring/summer, fire can be a real threat to the forest. This can be minimised by:

1. Having an effective fire plan.

2. Active prevention measures which include: restrictions on allowable access, fire prevention signage, publicity when fire danger prevails, access to adequate water sources, and selective forest grazing to reduce fuel within stands.

3. Effective detection systems which includes good communication systems, mapping, and fire plan alert procedures.

4. A close link with the relevant fire authorities, and an understanding of equipment and trained manpower requirements.

5. Good forest management that recognises the influence of terrain, roading network and accessibility, and fuel build-up from silvicultural practice, that will influence fire prevention and control measures.



Forest management requirements

The following forest management practices may be employed to assist fire prevention measures:

1. Develop suitable internal access systems, predominantly tracking, but road construction at a later stage.

2. Maintain existing firebreaks and develop others as the need arises.

3. Time silvicultural operations to minimise the potential of fuel build-up and for better control of work activity.

4. Have forest areas grazed where fuel build-up can be reduced.

5. Endeavour to control access, and limit only to legitimate land users. Promote public awareness through appropriate signage.

6. Develop a �fire plan� that encompasses prevention, detection and control procedures.

Fire authority responsibilities

The legal responsibility for fighting forest fires lies with the respective territorial land authorities where the forest is situated. In the case of Penvores forest the Rural Fire Authority (RFA) is the Wairarapa Rural Fire Authority.

In the event of a fire that starts within the forest, the RFA is responsible for attending and providing the resources to extinguish the fire. Where a fire starts outside the forested area and moves into the forest, the RFA has recourse to the Rural Fire Fighting Fund to compensate for fire fighting costs. There is a close liaison with the RFA in terms of developing the �fire plan� and the maintenance of good communication relative to potential risks and fire danger ratings.



Forest insurance With regard to the location of the forest and the high public activity

around the fringes, there will always be the potential for fire. If a fire originates within the forest, the owners will ultimately be liable for suppression costs. A major fire may cost many thousands of dollars to extinguish, with the main costs being the use of heavy machinery, helicopters, and manpower. Insurance for Penvores forest is held by Penvores Farm Ltd. The current extent of cover is:

Fire fighting cover (the costs of fire suppression) of $300,000.

Cover for the crop value and re-establishment costs are retained based on a recognised crop valuation, but reviewed on an annual basis.

Penvores Farm Ltd should liaise closely with the forest manager at the time of fire insurance renewals and if necessary instruct the forest manager to keep premiums paid up.

Public liability insurance

It is recommended that Penvores Farm Ltd maintain public liability insurance cover with a fire fighting extension, to indemnify against unforeseen adverse activity both within the forest area and adjoining land tenure. In the case of fire spreading from Penvores forest onto adjoining land, Penvores Farm Ltd would be liable for the fire fighting costs and any damage to property. There is no public liability insurance currently held by Penvores Farm Ltd for Penvores forest.

JANUARY 2013 Monitoring Page 41


16. Monitoring

Introduction To ensure that the management objectives identified in this plan are

being achieved various monitoring exercises outside normal operations management have been developed. Monitoring results are summarised and reported to Penvores Farm Ltd as and when required and are also, where appropriate, made publicly available through the PF Olsen webpage.

Values monitored Management inspections are completed regularly during operations and

periodically between times to monitor all aspects of the forest growth, health and conditions. The findings of the inspections are detailed and, where appropriate, summarised on the PF Olsen FSC website. The full monitoring framework implemented and applicable to Penvores forest is tabulated below.

Environmental Process Monitoring Framework Monitored

Element Include

Components Data Source Data

medium Reporting / Website frequency

Chemical usage A.I usage/ Area overuse operations supervisors

FIPS Form

On demand / annual

Consultation Activity

Complaints. operations supervisors & planners

Form

Annual / annual

Environmental Incidents

Incident number / categories

operations supervisors

FIPS Form

On demand / annual

Flora & Fauna Species & Status frequencies/ new finds.

operations supervisors, public, crews

FIPS Form

Annual / annual

Forest estate Structure

Area (plantation & Protected ecosystem)/ age-class/ species/forest type/protection status.

management plans/stand records

FIPS stand records

On demand / annual

Forest growth PSP protocols / periodic inventory. ISO9001

contractors To be established

Periodic-annual � not on web

Forest Health Disease & health National Forest surveillance program1

document Periodic-annual � not on web


1 Forest health inspections are undertaken annually through the NZ Forest Owners Association forest health scheme.

JANUARY 2013 Monitoring Page 42


...continued

FSC Membership Block/ location/name FIPS register FIPS client database

On demand / annual

Health and safety statistics

LTI / accidents & incidents.


FIPS Monthly/ annual

Internal Audit CAR activity

Frequency * category Auditors/ees FIPS Form

Annual / annual

Log Production On harvest

Total logs/ FSC markets log dockets Woodtrack On demand / annual

Operational monitoring

Audit trends/cause analysis


FIPS Form

Monthly / annual

Pests Hunting kill returns or other

supervisors /contractors

FIPS Form

Annual where relevant

Protected Ecosystem Condition

X Condition trends/photopoint monitoring

contractors To be established

Bi-annual if restoration initiated

Recreational & non-timber

Permits issued branch offices / forest security

FIPS Form

Annual / annual

Resource consents NA Number/compliance operations planners

FIPS 6 monthly / annual

Stream Monitoring

NA Clarity +/- other specific supervisors /contractors

Spreadsheet Monthly / annual where relevant

Environmental Training

Courses, numbers, names Staff FIPS Form

Annual/as relevant

Financial Budget versus expenditure is monitored through the PF Olsen FIPS

system and presented to Penvores Farm Ltd when requested. This information is not made public.

Social Consultation with stakeholders has been undertaken and constant

feedback from these stakeholders (and others as they become apparent) is monitored. This includes actions undertaken to resolves disputes and issues.

JANUARY 2013 Future Planning Page 43


17. Future Planning

Introduction This plan pertains to the management of Penvores forest and will be

adhered to for the next 5 years. Any deviation from this plan will be justified only on the basis that the changes do not adversely affect the environment. Any changes, which are contrary to the policies contained in this management plan require a full review of this plan. The next review date for this plan is January 2018. The forest management plan is used for both medium and long term planning.

Operation plans For the short term we use Operation plans. These plans are prepared

annually in accordance with this Management Plan. This operation plan and associated budget are subject to approval by Penvores Farm Ltd at the beginning of each financial year.

JANUARY 2013 Future Planning Page 44


APPENDIX 1: PENVORES FOREST NEIGHBOURS

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