Pension Division on Marriage Breakdown€¦ · • Divorce Act (federal): must be a “breakdown of...

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The opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the speaker. The International Society and International Foundation disclaim responsibility for views expressed and statements made by the program speakers. Pension Division on Marriage Breakdown Karen DeBortoli Director of Pension and Benefits Research Eckler Ltd. Toronto, Ontario 15D-1

Transcript of Pension Division on Marriage Breakdown€¦ · • Divorce Act (federal): must be a “breakdown of...

Page 1: Pension Division on Marriage Breakdown€¦ · • Divorce Act (federal): must be a “breakdown of the marriage” based on separation, adultery and/or cruelty • For separation,

The opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the speaker. The International Society and International Foundation disclaim responsibility for views expressed and statements made by the program speakers.

Pension Division on Marriage Breakdown

Karen DeBortoliDirector of Pension and Benefits Research

Eckler Ltd.Toronto, Ontario

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Agenda 

• Overview of issues in pension division on relationship breakdown• Interaction between federal and provincial rules• Review of provincial variations regarding

• Definition of spouse• Eligibility for division• Division process and options

• Impact of pension division on death benefits• Treatment of non‐pension retirement benefits

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Goals

• Understand process and requirements• Know what questions to ask• Know pitfalls and what to avoid• Know when to get outside help

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Pension Division Roadmap

Jurisdiction

Spousal Status

Eligibility Initiation

Documentation

Calculation Division

Recalculation

Other Benefits

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Main Issues in Pension Division

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Determining Jurisdiction

• Provincially regulated plans: jurisdiction of employment• Where employer is located and member reports to work• Employees with no set workplace deemed to report to work where salary is paid from

• Federally regulated plans: PBSA and law of member’s province of employment

• Where two laws conflict, PBSA prevails

• Province for benefits vs. province for division

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Who is a “Spouse”?

• Federal and provincial laws apply• Divorce Act (federal): must be a “breakdown of the marriage” based on separation, adultery and/or cruelty

• For separation, spouses must live separate and apart for at least one year

Case Study 1: When is together really separate and apart?Case Study 2: When is separate and apart really together?

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Who is a “Spouse”?

• Pension and family law statutes (provincial): criteria for determining who qualifies as a spouse for pension and property division

• Jurisdictional variations:• Terminology• Length of cohabitation for common‐law

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Definitions

Jurisdiction Definition

AB Pension Partner• Married and not living separate and apart for more than 3 years• Cohabiting for at least 3 years (or some permanence if parents)

BC Spouse• Married and not living separate and apart for more than 2 years• Cohabiting for at least 2 years

MB Spouse• Married and not living separate and apart due to relationship 

breakdownCommon‐law Partner• Cohabiting for at least one year (neither married) or three years 

(either married)• Registered partner under Vital Statistics Act

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Definitions

Jurisdiction Definition

NB Spouse• Married (including voidable and “form of marriage”)Common‐Law Partner• Cohabiting for at least 2 years

NL Spouse• Married (including voidable and “form of marriage”)Cohabiting Partner• Cohabiting for at least one year (neither married) or three years 

(either married)

NS Spouse• Married (including voidable and “form of marriage”)• Cohabiting for at least 3 years (or some permanence if parents)• Domestic Partner under Vital Statistics Act

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Definitions

Jurisdiction Definition

ON Spouse• Married • Cohabiting for at least 3 years (or some permanence if parents)

QC Spouse• Married or in a civil union• Cohabiting for at least 3 years (1 year if parents)

SK Spouse• Married • Cohabiting for at least 1 year (if partner not married)

Federal Spouse• Married (including voidable)Common‐law Partner• Cohabiting for at least 1 year 

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Issues with Spousal Status

• “Dueling spouses” – member is separated from spouse and living with common‐law partner

• Some jurisdictions have provisions specifically addressing this• Impacts both pension and death benefits

Case Study 3: Carrigan v. Carrigan – dueling  spouses

• Date of determination of spousal status can have a significant impact on division

Case Study 4: What a difference a week makes

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Eligibility for Division

Jurisdiction Application of Pension Division Rules

AB Married couples only

BC Married and common‐law couples

MB Married and common‐law couples

NB Married and common‐law couples

NL Married couples only

NS Married and common‐law couples

ON Married (calculation and division) and common‐law (division) couples

QC Married and civil union couples (common‐law if both parties agree)

SK Married and common‐law couples

Federal Married and common‐law couples

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Pension Division Process

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Starting the Process

• Administrators must provide statement of pension benefits upon request

• Can come from either spouse or jointly• Notice to non‐requesting spouse

• Some jurisdictions have required forms (e.g. BC, ON); others use written request (e.g. SK, NL)

• Deadlines for providing statements• Range from 30 days (NL) to 90 days (SK)• Federal uses deadline of applicable province• No deadline in NB

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Fees

• Most provinces allow administrator to charge fee for pension division• Maximum fees depend on plan type• Who pays fee, and how, varies by jurisdiction• MB, NB and SK do not allow fees

• Federal plans can charge “reasonable” fees if:• Permitted by plan text

• Should not charge above provincial fees• Payment in best interest of all plan members

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Fees ChartJurisdiction Maximum Fees Payment Rules

AB DB: $1,000DC: $300Hybrid: $1,300

Split between spouses or deducted from benefit payment

BC DB: $750DC: $175Hybrid: $925

Split between spouses unless they agree otherwise; may be deducted from benefit payment

NL DB: $500DC: $150Hybrid: $650

Paid by spouse and member

NS DB: $500DC: $250Hybrid: $650

Paid by spouse and member

ON DB: $600DC: $200Hybrid: $800

Paid by spouse who requests statement

QC DB: $250 (statement); $150 (transfer)DC: $150 (statement); $100 (transfer)Hybrid: $325 (statement); $200 (transfer)

Split equally between spouses unless they elect otherwise; may be deducted from benefit payments

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Required Documentation

• General rule: Need court order or written agreement authorizing division

• Settlement instruments include: separation agreements, family arbitration awards, dissolution orders

• Should verify that instrument is final before proceeding• QC requires certificate of non‐appeal

Case Study 5: What makes a valid separation  agreement?

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Benefit Calculation

• Calculation rules set out in legislation• Before completing calculation, need to know:

• Years of service• Accrual period for division purposes• Benefit type• Whether or not pension is matured• Treatment of interest

Case Study 6: Heringer v. Heringer and the issue of interest

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Calculation: Maximum Share

Jurisdiction Maximum Share

AB 50% of benefits during relationship (excludes OACs/AVCs)

BC 100% of entire benefits (includes OACs/AVCs)

MB 50% of benefits during relationship (includes OACs/AVCs)

NB 50% of entire benefit (includes OACs/AVCs)

NL 50% of benefits during relationship (includes OACs/AVCs)

NS 50% of benefits during relationship (includes OACs/AVCs)

ON 50% of benefits during relationship (includes OACs/AVCs)

QC 50% of entire benefit (court can order more)

SK 50% of entire benefit (excludes excess contributions)

Federal 100% entire benefit (includes OACs/AVCs)

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Division Options

• Available options for spouse’s share of pension vary by jurisdiction pension characteristics

• Plan type• Benefit maturity• Payment status

Case Study 7: Impact of ITA’s definition of “spouse” on transfer options

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Division Options

• General rule: locked‐in transfer of CV• May unlock funds if circumstances warrant (i.e. small benefits)• Some amounts (i.e., unvested or excess contributions) payable in cash

• Some jurisdictions allow spouse to become “limited member” of plan• Division option and legislation determines earliest date spouse’s share can be paid/transferred

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Options for Spousal Share: DBJurisdiction

AB Unmatured: transfer or limited membershipIn pay: limited membership

BC Unmatured: limited membership (can elect transfer once member terminates/retires)In pay: limited membership

MB Unmatured: transferIn pay: division at source; limited membership if plan permits

NB Unmatured: transfer options available to memberIn pay: transfer options available to member

NL Unmatured: transfer or limited membershipIn pay: limited membership (also where eligible for unreduced pension)

NS Unmatured: transfer or limited membershipIn pay: transfer or limited membership 

ON Unmatured: transferIn pay: division at source; separate pension from plan if plan permits

QC Unmatured: transfer; limited membership if plan permits and spouse requestsIn pay: transfer; limited membership if plan permits and spouse requests

SK Unmatured: transferIn pay: separate pension from plan

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Options for Spousal Share: DCJurisdiction

AB Unmatured: transfer or limited membershipIn pay: same as unmatured if money still in plan; otherwise limited membership

BC Unmatured: transfer; limited membership if plan permitsIn pay: same as unmatured if money still in plan; otherwise limited membership

MB Unmatured: transferIn pay: division at source; limited membership if plan permits

NB Unmatured: transfer options available to memberIn pay: transfer options available to member

NL Unmatured: transferIn pay: separate payment

NS Unmatured: transferIn pay: separate payment

ON Unmatured: transferIn pay: separate payment

QC Unmatured: transfer; limited membership if plan permits and spouse requestsIn pay: separate payment

SK Unmatured: transferIn pay: separate payment

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Recalculating Member’s Pension

• Administrator must recalculate member’s benefit after division• Form of member’s pension

• Impact of death of member and spouse• Entitlement to benefit• Timing of death

Case Study 8: Dealing with unfortunate events

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Death and Survivor Benefits

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Death and Survivor Benefits

• Benefits payable to member’s spouse following death• Pre‐retirement• Post‐retirement (joint and survivor)

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Pre‐retirement Death Benefit

• Waiver permitted in AB, BC, MB, NS, ON, QC and SK• Prescribed forms required (except in QC)• Waiver revocable in AB, MB, NS, ON, QC and SK

• Generally must be before member’s death; some exceptions

• Waiver not available in NB and NL• Federal: spouse cannot waive but can surrender in favour of dependent beneficiary 

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Post‐retirement Death Benefit

• Normal form of pension for member with spouse is joint and survivor (J&S)

• All jurisdictions allow spouse to waive J&S• Prescribed forms required (except QC)• Must be completed before pension commencement

• Timeframes vary by jurisdiction

• MB, NB, NL, NS, ON, QC and SK allow revocation of waiver• General rule: file before pension commencement

• MB and SK: can revoke before member’s death

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Role of Settlement Instrument

• Impact of settlement instrument on death benefit entitlement• Timing• Irrevocable designation• Assignment

Case Study 9: Vladescu v. CTVGlobemedia – when is  an assignment not an assignment

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Final Issues

• Recalculation of spousal share• Impact of remarriage• Access to information

• Related issue: has there been a relationship breakdown?

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Dividing Other Retirement PlansLIFS, LIRAs, SERPs, PRPPs

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LIFS and LIRAs

• Divisible family property• Rules for division

• Some provinces (e.g. AB, SK) have specific rules• Maximum share payable to spouse• Transfer options

• Others (e.g. QC) do not have rules, but require division in a “reasonable manner”

• Administrator is financial institution, not employer• Refer requests for information to institution

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SERPs

• Divisible family property• Not subject to pension legislation

• Addressed in some family law legislation• BC: special provisions applicable to “supplementary plans”• ON: SERP assets must be valued “where reasonably possible”

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PRPPs

• Divisible family property• Federal Pooled Registered Pension Plans Act

• PRPPs subject to provincial family law division rules• All or part of PRPP assets may be transferred to spouse (married or common‐law)

• Spousal transfer options:• Another PRPP• Prescribed retirement savings plan• Immediate or deferred annuity

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PRPPs: Ontario Example

• ON PRPP legislation provides for division• Similar to pension division process

• Process:• Member or spouse applies for value• PRPP administrator sends information on value• Member/spouse notify administrator whether or not PRPP to be divided

• Administrator makes lump sum transfer if required• Member’s account revalued post‐transfer

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TFSAs

• Divisible family property• Not subject to pension legislation

• Dealt with in settlement instrument• Generally treated like bank accounts

• Contribution room not affected by transfer out

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Final Thoughts

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Pension Division Checklist

What you get What to check

News about relationship breakdown

• Jurisdiction• Spousal status/entitlement• Forms

Formal request for pension division

• Complete forms• Disclosure• Calculation method• Payment options• Fees

Notice of completed division • Ongoing disclosure• Revaluation• Death benefits

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Takeaways

• No “standard” relationship breakdown:• Compliance obligations differ by jurisdiction

• Differences between provinces, and between federal and provincial rules• LIFs, LIRAs, SERPs, etc. have their own valuation and division rules 

• Legal and financial consequences to incorrectly handling pension division

• The more you know, the better you can quantify risks to your plan• When in doubt, get outside help

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Questions?

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