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COMPUTER APPLICATION

Introduction to the computer

Computer is an electronic devicethat can receive data input andthat can receive data input andprocess it to get the result as aninformationinformation

El t i D t P i (EDP) iElectronic Data Processing (EDP) isa manipulation from a row datat f l I f tito a useful Information


Data Processing Cycle

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Computer Systemp y

Hardware Software BrainwareHardware Software Brainware


Computer System is a collection ofhardware and software componentshardware and software componentsdesigned to provide an effective toolfor computationfor computation.

H d i t l i t d tHardware is actual equipment used toperform the computations.


Software is programs enabled us tocommunicate with a computer by providingp y p git with the list of instructions it needs tooperate.

All Computers, from the very smallesth l fmicrosystem to the largest mainframe,

consist of three basic components:M»Memory

»Central Processing Unit (CPU)I t/O t t d i»Input/Output devices


Central Processing Unit(CPU)What is the

computer?

Control Unit

p

Input Primary Storage O tp tInputData

Primary Storage Unit

OutputInformation

Arithmatic & Logic Unit

Secondary Storage Logic Unit g

Unit


Central Processor Unit (CPU)Coordinating all computer operations Coordinating all computer operations

Performing arithmetic and logicaldoperations on data

Contains two subcomponentsArithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)– Carries on all types of calculation– Carries on all types of calculation

(arithmetic and logicaloperations)operations)


Control Unit (CU)– Controls the actions of the other– Controls the actions of the other

components.– Examples Operating under the control ofExamples, Operating under the control of

instructions from the programmer (theseinstructions reside in memory), the control unit

d t t b d f th i t d icauses data to be read from the input devices,passed the appropriate values from storage toarithmetic/logic unit for the required calculations,stores and retrieved data and intermediate resultsfrom main memory, and passes results to theoutput device for displayp p y


Input DevicesKeyboard Devices Keyboard Devices

Pointing Devices:Mouse, Trackball, Touch Screen,Mouse, Trackball, Touch Screen,Light Pen, Remote Control Unit


Optical Reading Devices:OCR (Optical Character Recognition) OCR (Optical Character Recognition) optical mark reader, optical

h t d h d i tcharacter reader, handprintreader


Magnetic Reading DevicesEFT (Electronic Funds Transfer) : EFT (Electronic Funds Transfer) : automatic deposit, automatic

t f A t t d T lltranfer, Automated TellerMachine (ATM)

Speech Recognition Devicesp g


Output DevicesDisplayed Output Devices : Displayed Output Devices :Display Screen, Monitor, Cathode Ray

b (C ) d l lTube (CRT), Video Display Terminal (VDT)

Printers :te sLine Printers, Character Printers, Page PrintersPage Printers


Speech Output Devices

Plotters Plotters

Microfilm


Every computer comes with a certainamount of storage both internalamount of storage, both internalstorage (memory), and external/secondary storagesecondary storage.

The two forms of storage differ incharacteristics and in purpose.


Program currently in execution, alongwith some of the data required forwith some of the data required forexecution, must be reside inmemorymemory.


MemoryMemory

Main memory

Secondary memory

R d Read Only Memory

Random Acces

Memory

CDROM

Floppy disk

Harddisk

Types of memory


MAIN MEMORY Read Only Memory (ROM): Read Only Memory (ROM):

– Stores information permanently( t l til )(not volatile).

– Stores the boot instructionsneeded to start-up thecomputer when it is switch on.

– Is written by the manufacturer.


Random Access Memory (RAM):I ll l til– Is usually volatile memory.

– Temporarily stores programswhile they are being executedand data.


Cache MemoryChecked by the processor prior toChecked by the processor prior tolooking for a needed programinstruction or data in regular RAMinstruction or data in regular RAM.

Hardware Development

First Generation (1946-1959)Second Generation (1960 1965) Second Generation (1960-1965)

Third Generation (1966-1975) Fourth Generation (1975 - Now) Accessories Accessories

Software Development

System Softwareoperating system- operating system

- utility system- language translator


Operating System Without operating system a software Without operating system, a software

application or a program languagesoftware can‘t communicate with thesoftware can t communicate with thecomputer.

Operating System is just like a brain onhuman body which organize all processhuman body which organize all processinside a human body


There are six basic functions that an operating system can perform :operating system can perform :1. Schedule Jobs2 Manage Hardware and Software2. Manage Hardware and Software

Resources3 Maintain Systems Security3. Maintain Systems Security4. Enable Multiple User Resource Sharing

H dl I t t5. Handle Interrupts6. Maintain Usage Records


Utility ProgramsUtiliti bl t filUtilities enable users to copy files, erasefiles, sort the content of files, mergetwo or more files together and preparetwo or more files together, and prepareremoveable storage media for use.Other utilities allow the computerOther utilities allow the computeroperations manager to recover lost orbad files, monitor performance of thebad files, monitor performance of thesystem, and event control the flow databetween users and computers.p


Language Programming There are three different kind of There are three different kind of Language programming:Machine language

Low level languageg gAssembler

Hi h L l lHigh Level languageFortran, Lisp, Algol, Cobol, RPG, Basic, Pascal, Prolog, C Matlab etcC, Matlab, etc


Machine Language A computer's native language containing A computer s native language, containing

instructions that are binary numbers.

It is difficult for human to learn and use.

Instructions to the control unit must beexpressed in terms of the machineexpressed in terms of the machinelanguage of the particular computer.


A machine language instruction conveys the operation to perform and the operands, p p p ,or memory cells, that are to take part.

Example, compute the cost of an itemcost = price + tax


001 Load Copy the value of the memory cell addressedinto the accumulator

010 Store Copy the value of the accumulator into theword addressedReplace the present value of the accumulator

011 AddReplace the present value of the accumulatorwith the sum of its present value and thevalue of the memory cell addressed

…

111 Halt Terminate execution111 Halt Terminate execution

Sample Instruction Set


Assembly Language Is programming language in English like Is programming language in English-like

abbreviations

Later be converted into machine code byprogram's translator called assemblersprogram s translator called assemblers


Example, adds to number and store inanother variable

LOAD AADD BSTORE C


High-Level Language A programming language whose A programming language whose

instructions resemble every day language

Has a language standard that describethe grammatical form (syntax) of thethe grammatical form (syntax) of thelanguage

Every high-level language instruction mustconform to the syntax rules specified in thelanguage standard.


Example, BASIC, C, C++, COBOL,FORTRAN, LISP, PASCAL, Java, , ,

Example of C++ code,p ,cost = price + tax;


Software ApplicationPresentationo Presentation

o Image processingM lti dio Multimedia

o Internet


Presentation application

Animation WHY POWER POINT

Interesting

Can be embedded fromanother softwareapplications s ch as o dInteresting

presentationapplications, such as word,excell, picture, video, audio,etc

GoalCan be converted to html file


Image processing application

Matlab Ad oculos

Halcon

Vista

Mega

Image pro plus

Khoros

Mega wave


Image processing application

Easy to program MATLAB

WHYMany library especially for image processing

Can be compiled with C++ compiler

Interactive program

p p

p g


Internet & Multimedia

BrowsingFile

transferEmail

Audio Remote control Video

Tools playercontrol Video

conferencing

Ad bWebcam

Video player

Ads banner


Internetld id ll ti f tworldwide collection of computers

connected together by a networkcommunication channelcommunication channel.

Benefit of InternetBenefit of Internet Electronic mail (E-mail)

one form of communication where an one form of communication where anindividual can use to send mail toanother person or to a complete list ofanother person or to a complete list ofaddresses.


Sitesanother form of communication to access another form of communication to accessother people’s files or information

World Wide Web (WWW)the collection of sites across the world thatoffer information


• To visit the site, we must haveWeb Address / Uniform Resource – Web Address / Uniform Resource Locators (URL)

• http://www cnn com• http://www.cnn.com• http://www.au.ac.th http://www infoseek com• http://www.infoseek.com

– Computer, communicating devices(MODEM, LAN card) and webbrowser


• Web browser• A program that allows us to type• A program that allows us to type

the address and send messagesasking for information from thatgsite.

• Browser companies: Microsoft’spInternet Explorer (IE) and Netscape

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