Pengauditan (Auditing)

What is auditing?

• Auditing is a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users (in Report of the Committee on Basic Auditing

Concept of the American Accounting Association)

Common Attributes of Modern Auditing Activities

• A Systematic Process a logical, structured, and organized series of steps and procedures.

• Objectively Obtaining and Evaluating Evidence examining and evaluating evidence (assertions) without bias or prejudice

• Assertion refers to management statement towards its business entity in term of financial matters.

• Degree of Correspondence the closeness with which the assertions can be identified with established criteria.

• Established Criteria the standards against which assertions are judged

• Communicating the Result through a written report that indicates the degree of correspondent between assertions and established criteria

• Interested Users individuals who use the auditors findings

Typed of Audits

• Financial Statement– Assertion Financial Statement– Established Criteria GAAP– Auditor’s Report Opinion on fairness of F/S

• Compliance– Assertion Data pertaining to adherence toward policies, laws, regulations, etc.– Established Criteria Management policies, laws, regulations, or other third-

party requirements– Auditor’s Report Summary of finding or assurance regarding degree of

compliance• Operational (Management)

– Assertion Performance data– Established Criteria Objectives set– Auditor’s Report Efficiency, effectiveness, and recommendations

Typed of Auditors

• Independent Auditors– Who Individual practitioners or members of public

accounting firms who render professional auditing services to clients

• Internal Auditors– Who Employees of the organizations they audit to

perform independent appraisal activity (internal auditing)• Government Auditors

– Who Employed by various local, state, and federal governmental agencies (BPK, BPKP)

Services Performed by CPA Firms

Consulting

Assurance

Financial Planning

International Technology

Compilation

Audit/Attestation