Pengantar Teknologi Jaringan English

7/25/2019 Pengantar Teknologi Jaringan English

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PENGANTAR JARINGAN

KOMPUTER DAN

KOMUNIKASI DATA

PENGANTAR TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI



Telecommunications Systems

Data Communication : High speed data exchange between c!p"te#s

and$# the# e%ect#nic de&ices &ia cab%e # wi#e%ess'

()"ssines*ictina#+'c!,

Telecommunications can be de-ined as c!!"nicatin - data and

in-#!atin b+ e%ect#nic !eans s"ch as te%ephne. #adi. te%e&isin. andc!p"te#. "s"a%%+ &e# s!e distance

Computer communications : a p#cess in which ne c!p"te#

t#ans-e#s data. in-#!atin and inst#"ctins t anthe# c!p"te#

Telecommunications system is a c%%ectin - c!patib%e ha#dwa#e and

s-twa#e a##anged t c!!"nicate data. in-#!atin and inst#"ctins-#! ne %catin t anthe#

Telecommunications systems can t#ans!it text. g#aphic i!ages. &ice.

and &ide in-#!atin th#"gh communications channel

O

v e r v i e w



/nth siste! te%e0!"ni0asi

O

v e r v i e w

Telecommunications Systems(cont.)



A sending device that initiates an inst#"ctin t t#ans!it data.

in-#!atin. # inst#"ctins' It can be a c!p"te# s+ste!. a te#!ina%. a

ce%%"%a# te%ephne. a 1ebT2. a GPS #ecei&e#. an Inte#net3enab%ed P*A. #

anthe# de&ice that #iginates the !essage' A communications device that cnnects the c!!"nicatins channe% t

a sending de&ice' A communications channel # t#ans!issin !edia n which the data.

inst#"ctins. # in-#!atin t#a&e%' A communications device that cnnects the c!!"nicatins channe% t

a #ecei&ing de&ice' A r eceiving device that accepts the t#ans!issin - data. in-#!atin. #

inst#"ctins' A communications software that cnt#%s and !anages the acti&ities

and -"nctins - the c!!"nicatins netw#0'

The te%ec!!"nicatins !de% cnsists - the -%%wing:

O

v e r v i e w

Telecommunications Systems(cont.)



Te%ec!!"nicatins S+ste! /!pnents

1 . C o m m u n i c a

t i o n s D e v i c e s

*e&ices that hand%e

the !&e!ent - data

in a c!p"te# netw#0

inc%"de:

!de!

R"te#

H"b

Netw#0 inte#-ace

ca#ds M"%tip%exe#

F#nt3end

p#cess#

Hst c!p"te#



MO*EM (Md"%atin$*e!d"%atin,

/nnects a c!!"nicatins channe% t a sending # #ecei&ing de&ice

/!p"te#s p#cess data as digita% signa%s'

*ata. inst#"ctins. and in-#!atin t#a&e% a%ng a c!!"nicatinchanne% in eithe# ana%g # digita% -#!

Mde! cn&e#ts ana%g t digita% signa%s and digita% t ana%g signa%s

/n&e#ting signa% -#! digita% t ana%g is ca%%ed modulation

cn&e#ting signa% -#! ana%g t digita% is ca%%ed demodulation



Te%ec!!"nicatins S+ste! /!pnents(cnt',




t i o n s D e v i c e s 1. Dial-up modem

4 "s"a%%+ is in the -#! - an adapte# ca#d

that +" inse#t in an expansin s%t n a

c!p"te#5s !the#ba#d

4 One end - a standa#d te%ephne c#d

attaches t a p#t n the !de! ca#d

and the the# end p%"gs int a te%ephne

"t%et

2. Cable modem

4 a digita% !de! that sends and

#ecei&es digita% data &e# the cab%ete%e&isin (/AT2, netw#0

4 A cab%e !de! "s"a%%+ is an exte#na%

de&ice. in which ne end - a cab%e

cnnects t a /AT2 wa%% "t%et and

the the# end p%"gs in a p#t in thes+ste! "nit




3. wireless modem

4 a%%ws access t the Inte#net

wi#e%ess%+ -#! a nteb0

c!p"te#. a P*A. a s!a#t phne.

# the# !bi%e de&ice

4 1i#e%ess !de!s. which ha&e an

exte#na% # b"i%t3in antenna.

t+pica%%+ "se the sa!e wa&es "sed

b+ ce%%"%a# te%ephnes






*E2I/ES /ONNE/TING NET1ORKS

Netw#0 b#idging p#&ides

an eas+ wa+ t cnnect 6# !#e netw#0 t bec!e

a sing%e big netw#0 with"t

"sing #"te# in #de# t

sha#e -i%e. p#inte# #

Inte#net cnnectin'

P%ease nte that a%%c!p"te#s in di--e#ent

netw#0 that needs t be

b#idged !"st sit in sa!e

%gica% IP netw#0'

1. bridge






2. gateway

a c!!"nicatins p#cess# that

cnnects netw#0s that "se

di--e#ent p#tc%s b+ p#&iding

the t#ans%atin -#! ne set -

p#tc%s t anthe#

3. router

an inte%%igent b#idge -# %a#ge

netw#0s

cnnect !"%tip%e netw#0s and#"ts c!!"nicatins t#a--ic t

the app#p#iate netw#0 "sing

the -astest a&ai%ab%e path

!an+ #"te#s a#e p#tected b+ a

b"i%t3in -i#ewa%%






. front-end processor

a s!a%% c!p"te# dedicated t c!!"nicatins !anage!ent and is

attached t the !ain. # hst. c!p"te# in a %a#ge c!p"te# s+ste!

The -#nt3end p#cess# is %a#ge%+ #espnsib%e -# c%%ecting and

p#cessing inp"t and "tp"t t and -#! te#!ina%s and g#"pingcha#acte#s int c!p%ete !essages -# s"b!issin t the /P7 -

the hst c!p"te#

!. networ" card#networ" interface card $%&C'

is an adapte# ca#d. that enab%es the

c!p"te# # de&ice that des nt ha&e

b"i%t3in netw#0ing capabi%it+ t access a

netw#0






(. repeater

a de&ice that accepts a signa% -#! a t#ans!issin !edi"!.

a!p%i-ies it. and #et#ans!its it &e# the !edi"!

As a signa% t#a&e%s &e# a %ng distance. the signa% "nde#ges a

#ed"ctin in st#ength. an cc"##ence ca%%ed attenuation

). hub or switch

a de&ice that p#&ides a cent#a% pint -# cab%es in a netw#0

#ecei&es data -#! !an+ di#ectins and then -#wa#ds it t ne #

!#e destinatins







t i o n s C h a n n e l s

Communications Channels

c!!"nicatins path between

tw de&ices'

c!psed - ne # !#e

transmission media The a!"nt - signa%s that can

t#a&e% &e# a c!!"nicatins

channe% s!eti!es is ca%%ed the

*andwidth

Baseband t#ans!issin !edia

can t#ans!it n%+ ne signa% at a

ti!e

broadband !edia can t#ans!it

!"%tip%e signa%s si!"%tane"s%+




T#ans!issin !edia a#e ne - tw t+pes:

ph+sica% #

wi#e%ess

+hysical transmission media "se wi#e. cab%e. and the# tangib%e

!ate#ia%s t send c!!"nicatins signa% ,ireless transmission media send c!!"nicatins signa%s th#"gh

the ai# # space "sing #adi. !ic#wa&e. and in-#a#ed signa%s

Ph+sica% t#ans!issin !edia "sed in c!!"nicatins inc%"de

twisted3pai# cab%e.

caxia% cab%e. and

-ibe#3ptic cab%e

These cab%es t+pica%%+ a#e "sed within b"i%ding # "nde#g#"nd between

b"i%dings






1. twisted-pair wire cable cnsists - ne # !#e twisted3pai# wi#es b"nd%ed tgethe#

The wi#es a#e twisted tgethe# t #ed"ce noise. which is an e%ect#ica%

dist"#bance that can deg#ade c!!"nicatins

shielded twisted-pair $T+' cab%e. has a !eta% w#appe# a#"nd each

twisted3pai# wi#e. which -"#the# #ed"ces nise

/ab%es that d nt ha&e this shie%ding a#e ca%%ed unshielded twisted-

pair $T+'

Physical Transmission Media






2. coa/ial cable

cnsists - a sing%e cppe# wi#e

s"##"nded b+ at %east th#ee

%a+e#s:

4 an ins"%ating !ate#ia%.

4 a w&en # b#aided !eta%. and4 a p%astic "te# cating

3. fiber-optic cable

cnsists - d8ens # h"nd#eds - thin st#ands

- g%ass # p%astic that "se %ight t t#ans!it

signa%s Each st#and. ca%%ed an optical fiber

ad&antage inc%"de (9, capabi%it+ - ca##+ing

signi-icant%+ !#e signa%s (6, -aste# data

t#ans!issin (;, %ess s"sceptib%e t nise -#!

the# de&ices (<, bette# sec"#it+ -# signa%s

d"#ing t#ans!issin and (=, s!a%%e# si8e






The speeds - &a#i"s ph+sica% c!!"nicatins!edia when the+ a#e "sed in LANs






Wireless Transmission Media

1i#e%ess t#ans!issin !edia "sed in c!!"nicatins inc%"de b#adcast #adi. ce%%"%a# #adi. !ic#wa&es.

c!!"nicatins sate%%ites. and in-#a#ed

1. *roadcast radio

a wi#e%ess t#ans!issin

!edi"! that dist#ib"tes #adi

signa%s th#"gh the ai# &e#%ng distances

)%"etth. 1i3Fi. 71). and

1iMA> c!!"nicatins

techn%gies "se b#adcast

#adi signa%s






2. Celular radio

a -#! - b#adcast #adi that is "sed wide%+ -# !bi%e

c!!"nicatins. speci-ica%%+ wi#e%ess !de!s and ce%% phnes

Se&e#a% categ#ies - ce%%"%a# t#ans!issins exist. de-ining the

de&e%p!ent - ce%%"%a# netw#0s:4 9G (-i#st gene#atin, t#ans!itted ana%g data

4 6G (secnd gene#atin, t#ans!it digita% data at speeds -#!

?'@ 0bps t 9?'6 0bps

4 ;G (thi#d gene#atin, t#ans!it digita% data at speeds -#! 99<

0bps t 6'< Mbps

4 <G (-"#th gene#atin, t#ans!it digita% data at speeds "p t 9=

Mbps

;G techn%g+ a%%ws "se#s "ic0%+ t disp%a+ !"%ti!edia and

g#aphics. b#wse the 1eb. watch te%e&isin # a &ide. ha&e a

&ide cn-e#ence. and t#ans-e# data n a ce%%"%a# de&ice






3. microwafe

high3-#e"enc+ #adi wa&es that a#e sent

th#"gh the at!sphe#e and space

Mic#wa&es p#&ide a high3speed signa%

t#ans!issin. and can t#ans!it data at#ates "p t <.=BB ti!es -aste# than a dia%3

"p !de!

Mic#wa&es a#e %i!ited t %ine3-3sight t#ans!issin. which !eans

that !ic#wa&es !"st be t#ans!itted in a st#aight %ine with n

bst#"ctins between !ic#wa&e antennas

T a&id pssib%e bst#"ctins. s"ch as b"i%dings # !"ntains.

!ic#wa&e statins -ten sit n the tps - b"i%dings. twe#s. #

!"ntains

Mic#wa&e signa%s can ca##+ th"sands - channe%s at the sa!e

ti!e'






. communications satellite

basica%%+ a !ic#wa&e statin

p%aced in "te# space

The sate%%ite #ecei&es the signa%

-#! the ea#th. a!p%i-ies the#e%ati&e%+ wea0 signa%. and then

#eb#adcasts it at a di--e#ent

-#e"enc+ t an+ n"!be# - ea#th3

based statins

T#ans!issin -#! an ea#th3based statin t a sate%%ite is an uplink

T#ans!issin -#! a sate%%ite t an ea#th3based statin is a downlink

The ad&antage - sate%%ite c!!"nicatins is the abi%it+ t #ecei&e

and b#adcast &e# %a#ge# geg#aphic #egins






!. infrared

a wi#e%ess t#ans!issin !edia that

sends signa%s "sing in-#a#ed %ight wa&es

In-#a#ed t#ans!issin #e"i#es a %ine3-3

sight t#ans!issin and sh#t distances33 "nde# a -ew h"nd#ed +a#ds

In-#a#ed t#ans!issin can be "sed t

cnnect &a#i"s de&ices and

c!p"te#s'

F# exa!p%e. in-#a#ed t#ans!issin has been "sed t a%%w handhe%d

c!p"te#s t t#ans!it data and in-#!atin t %a#ge# c!p"te#s within

the sa!e #!

This !eans - t#ans!issin can be "sed t estab%ish a wi#e%ess

netw#0 with the ad&antage that de&ices can be !&ed. #e!&ed.

and insta%%ed with"t expensi&e wi#ing and netw#0 cnnectins






3 . C o m m . S o f t . s t a n d a r d s ! r o t o c o l

Communications software

cnsists - p#g#a!s that

he%p "se#s estab%ish a cnnectin t anthe# c!p"te# # netw#0

!anage the t#ans!issin - data. inst#"ctins. and in-#!atin

p#&ide an inte#-ace -# "se#s t c!!"nicate with ne anthe#

A set - #"%es and p#ced"#es g&e#ning t#ans!issin between

c!pnents in a netw#0 is ca%%ed a protocol

The p#incipa% -"nctins - p#tc% in a netw#0 inc%"de:

identi-+ing each de&ice in the c!!"nicatin path

sec"#ing the attentin - the the# de&ice

&e#i-+ing c##ect #eceipt - the t#ans!itted !essage

dete#!ining that a !essage #e"i#es #et#ans!issin i- it is

inc!p%ete # has e###s

pe#-#!ing #ec&e#+ when e###s cc"#




0thernet

a netw#0 standa#d that speci-ies n cent#a% c!p"te# # de&ice n the

netw#0 (ndes, sh"%d cnt#% when data can be t#ans!itted

each nde atte!pts t t#ans!it data when it dete#!ines the netw#0 is

a&ai%ab%e t #ecei&e c!!"nicatins I- tw c!p"te#s n an Ethe#net netw#0 atte!pt t send data at the

sa!e ti!e. a c%%isin wi%% cc"#. and the c!p"te#s !"st atte!pt t

send thei# !essages again

Ethe#net is the pp"%a# c!!"nicatins p#tc% -ten "sed with %ca%

a#ea netw#0s (LAN, beca"se it is #e%ati&e%+ inexpensi&e and eas+ tinsta%% and !aintain

A !#e #ecent Ethe#net standa#d. ca%%ed "ast #thernet . 1$%&i'abit

#thernet





To"en ing

anthe# pp"%a# netw#0 standa#d -# LANs'

T0en #ing is based n #ing tp%g+ (a%th"gh it can "se a sta# tp%g+,

S!e t0en #ing netw#0s cnnect "p t C6 de&ices

The data t#ans-e# #ate n a t0en #ing netw#0 can #ange -#! < Mbps t

9 Gbps

Transmission Control +rotocol#&nternet +rotocol $TC+#&+'

a netw#0 standa#d that de-ines hw !essages (data, a#e #"ted -#!

ne end - a netw#0 t the the#. ens"#ing the data a##i&es c##ect%+

T/P$IP has been adpted as a netw#0 standa#d -# Inte#net

c!!"nicatins'

T/P p#&ides t#ansp#t -"nctins. ens"#ing. a!ng the# things. that the

a!"nt - data #ecei&ed is the sa!e as the a!"nt t#ans!itted

IP p#&ides the add#essing and #"ting !echanis! that acts asst!aste#





T/P$IPDs -"#3%a+e# #e-e#ence !de%:

Application layer se#&es as the

windw -# "se#s and app%icatin

p#cesses t access netw#0

se#&ices

Transport layer hand%es end3t3

end pac0et t#ansp#tatin

Internet layer -#!ats the data int pac0ets. adds a heade# cntaining

the pac0et se"ence and the add#ess - the #ecei&ing de&ice. and

speci-ies the se#&ices #e"i#ed -#! the netw#0' Network interace layer p%aces data pac0ets n the netw#0 -#

t#ans!issin





The T/P$IP s"ite - app%icatins inc%"des -i&e p#tc%s:

Simple Mail Transer Protocol (SMTP)! It is T/P$IP s wn�!essaging s+ste! -# e3!ai%'

"ile Transer Protocol ("TP)! It a%%ws -i%es cntaining text.

p#g#a!s. g#aphics. n"!e#ica% data. and s n t be dwn%aded-- # "p%aded nt a netw#0'

Te%net P#tc%: It p#&ides te#!ina% e!"%atin that a%%ws a

pe#sna% c!p"te# # w#0statin t act as a te#!ina%. # access

de&ice. -# a se#&e#'

#yperte$t Transer Protocol (#TTP)! It a%%ws 1eb b#wse#s

and se#&e#s t send and #ecei&e 1eb pages'

Simple Network Mana%ement Protocol (SNMP)! It a%%ws the

!anage!ent - netw#0ed ndes t be !anaged -#! a sing%e

pint'





2.11 $,i-4i'

de&e%ped b+ IEEE. is a se#ies -

netw#0 standa#ds that speci-ies hw

tw wi#e%ess de&ices c!!"nicate &e#

the ai# with each the#

The B6'99 standa#d -ten is ca%%ed the

wireless #thernet standard beca"se it

"ses techni"es si!i%a# t the Ethe#net

standa#d t speci-+ hw ph+sica%%+ t

cn-ig"#e a wi#e%ess netw#0

The te#! ,i-4i (wireless fidelity , identi-ies an+ netw#0 based n the

B6'99 se#ies - standa#ds

1indws 2ista and 1indws Mbi%e inc%"de s"pp#t -# 1i3Fi' Mst -

tda+5s c!p"te#s and !an+ pe#sna% !bi%e de&ices a#e 1i3Fi

enab%ed'





*luetooth

a netw#0 standa#d that de-ines hw tw )%"etth de&ices "se sh#t3

#ange #adi wa&es t t#ans!it data

The data t#ans-e#s between de&ices at a #ate - "p t ; Mbps

T c!!"nicate with each the#. )%"etth de&ices -ten !"st be

within ab"t 9B !ete#s b"t can be extended t 9BB !ete#s withadditina% e"ip!ent' 1indws 2ista has b"i%t3in )%"etth s"pp#t'

,*

stands -# ultra%wideband . is a netw#0 standa#d that speci-ies hw tw

71) de&ices "se sh#t3#ange #adi wa&es t c!!"nicate at highspeeds with each the#

At distances - 9B !ete#s (ab"t ;; -eet,. the data t#ans-e# #ate is 99B

Mbps' At c%se# distances. s"ch as 6 !ete#s (ab"t @'= -eet,. the

t#ans-e# #ate is at %east <B Mbps

)eca"se - its high t#ans-e# #ates. 71) is best s"ited -# t#ans!issin -

%a#ge -i%es s"ch as &ide. g#aphics. and a"di'





&rD5

a standa#d -# t#ans!itting data wi#e%ess%+ t each the# &ia in-#a#ed %ight

wa&es

he de&ices t#ans-e# data at #ates -#! 99= Kbps t < Mbps between thei#

I#*A p#ts

In-#a#ed #e"i#es a line%of%si'ht transmission. which !eans that thesending de&ice and the #ecei&ing de&ice !"st be in %ine with each the#

s that nthing bst#"cts the path - the in-#a#ed %ight wa&e

4&D

a standa#d that de-ines hw a netw#0 "ses #adi signa%s t c!!"nicate

with a tag p%aced in # attached t an bect. an ani!a%. # a pe#sn

An acti&e RFI* tag cntains a batte#+ that #"ns the chip5s ci#c"it#+ and

b#adcasts a signa% t the RFI* #eade#

A passi&e RFI* tag des nt cntain a batte#+ . can be s!a%% en"gh t

be e!bedded in s0in





RFI* t%% c%%ectin





,i657 ((orldwide )nteroperability for *icrowave +ccess,

a%s 0nwn as 2.1( . is a newe# netw#0 standa#d de&e%ped b+ IEEE

that speci-ies hw wi#e%ess de&ices c!!"nicate &e# the ai# in a wide

a#ea

7sing the 1iMA> standa#d. c!p"te#s # de&ices with the app#p#iate

1iMA> wi#e%ess capabi%it+ c!!"nicate &ia #adi wa&es with the#c!p"te#s # de&ices &ia a 1iMA> twe#'

Fixed wi#e%ess 1iMA> has data t#ans-e# #ates "p t <B Mbps. whi%e

!bi%e wi#e%ess 1iMA> has data t#ans-e# #ates "p t 9= Mbps'

,5+ (,ireless 5pplication +rotocol , standa#d that speci-ies hw s!e !bi%e de&ices can disp%a+ the

cntent - Inte#net se#&ices s"ch as the 1eb. e3!ai% and chat #!s

On 1AP3enab%ed de&ices. data t#ans-e# #ates #ange -#! ?'@ t 9=;

Kbps depending n the t+pe - se#&ice





*ata T#ans!issin

Si%nal Type! Analo% or &i%ital

S i ' n a l T y p e



Transmission Modes! Asynchronous and Synchronous

5synchronous transmission t#ans!its ne b+te at a ti!e &e# a %ine at

#and! inte#&a%s. each b+te -#a!ed b+ cnt#%s 33 a start bit -# !a#0ing the

beginning - the b+te. a stop bit -# !a#0ing the end - the b+te. and a parity

bit -# e### chec0ing' As+nch#n"s t#ans!issin is #e%ati&e%+ s%w and "sed

-# %w3speed t#ans!issin'

ynchronous transmission t#ans!its g#"ps - b+tes si!"%tane"s%+ at

#eg"%a# inte#&a%s. with the beginning and ending - a b%c0 - b+tes dete#!ined

b+ the ti!ing ci#c"it#+ - the sending de&ice and #ecei&ing de&ices' it p#&ides

!"ch highe# speeds and g#eate# acc"#ac+ than as+nch#n"s t#ans!issin

*ata T#ans!issin(cnt',

T r a n s m i s s i o n * o d e s



Transmission &irection

imple/ transmission sends data in ne

di#ectin n%+' One exa!p%e - si!p%ex

t#ans!issin is te%e&isin b#adcasting'

8alf-duple/ transmission a%%ws data

t#ans!issin in eithe# di#ectin. b"t n%+ne wa+ at a ti!e' Man+ -ax !achines.

c#edit ca#d &e#i-icatin s+ste!s and

a"t!atic te%%e# !achines "se ha%-3d"p%ex

t#ans!issin'

4ull-duple/ transmission. data can -%w in

bth di#ectins at the sa!e ti!e' A #eg"%a#te%ephne %ine. -# exa!p%e. s"pp#ts -"%%3

d"p%ex t#ans!issin. a%%wing bth pa#ties

t ta%0 at sa!e ti!e'

6ultiple/ transmission. se&e#a% di--e#ent

t+pes - signa%s can be ca##ied at nceth#"gh the sa!e %ine'

*ata T#ans!issin(cnt',

T r a n s m i s s i o n D i r e c t i o n



Netw#0s

1 . , e t w o r k T o p o l o ' i e s

A networ" is a c%%ectin -

c!p"te#s and de&ices cnnected

b+ te%ec!!"nicatins channe%s

that a%%ws "se#s t -aci%itate

c!!"nicatins. and t sha#edata. in-#!atin. s-twa#e. and

ha#dwa#e with the# "se#s'

A networ" topology is a

desc#iptin - the pssib%e

ph+sica% cnnectins within a

netw#0

,etwork Topolo'ies

In a netw#0 tp%g+. a c!pnent is ca%%ed a node. which #e-e#s t an+

de&ice cnnected t a netw#0. inc%"ding the se#&e#. c!p"te#s.

te%ephnes. and the# de&ices Th#ee c!!n%+ "sed netw#0 tp%gies a#e b"s. #ing. and sta#'



1. *us networ"

cnsists - a sing%e cent#a% cab%e. t

which a%% the netw#0 ndes a#e attached

The bus is the ph+sica% cab%e that

cnnects the c!p"te#s and the#de&ices'

when a sending de&ice t#ans!its data.

add#ess - the #ecei&ing de&ice is

inc%"ded with the t#ans!issin s that the

data is #"ted t the app#p#iate

#ecei&ing de&ice

n%+ ne nde can t#ans-e# ite!s at ne

ti!e

I- ne nde in the netw#0 -ai%s. nne -

the the# ndes in the netw#0 is a--ected

Netw#0s(cnt',




2. ing networ"

%in0s a%% ndes tgethe# in a ci#c"%a#

chain

*ata !essages t#a&e% in n%+ ne

di#ectin -#! de&ice t de&icea#"nd the enti#e #ing

The nde exa!ines an+ data that

passes b+ t see i- it is the

add#essee i- nt. the data is passed

n t the next nde in the #ing I- a nde n a #ing netw#0 -ai%s. a%%

ndes be-#e the -ai%ed nde a#e

"na--ected. b"t thse a-te# the -ai%ed

ndes cannt -"nctin

Netw#0s(cnt',




Netw#0s(cnt',

3. tar networ"

a%% - the c!p"te#s and

de&ices (ndes, n the netw#0

cnnect t a cent#a% de&ice.

th"s -#!ing a sta#

Tw t+pes - de&ices that

p#&ide a c!!n cent#a%

cnnectin pint -# ndes n

the netw#0 a#e a hub and a

switch

Sta# netw#0s a#e -ai#%+ eas+ tinsta%% and !aintain

i- ne nde -ai%s. n%+ that nde

is a--ected

i- the h"b c!p"te# -ai%s. the

enti#e netw#0 -ai%s




2 . - + , * + ,

a n d ( + ,

Netw#0s(cnt,

-+, *+, and (+,

7s"a%%+. netw#0s a#e c%assi-ied ad a %ca% a#ea netw#0. !et#p%itan a#ea

netw#0. # wide a#ea netw#0

1. local area networ" $95%'

a netw#0 that cnnects c!p"te#s in a %i!ited geg#aphica%a#ea. s"ch as a sch% c!p"te# %ab#at#+. depa#t!ent. #

c%se%+ psitined g#"p - b"i%dings

A %ca% a#ea

netw#0 can be

a #ing. b"s. #sta# netw#0'

A wireless 95%

$,95%' is a

LAN that "ses

n ph+sica%

wi#es'



Netw#0s(cnt',

2. 6etropolitan area networ" $65%'

Met#p%itan a#ea netw#0 (MAN, cnnects LANs in cit+ # twn

it cnnects %ca% a#ea netw#0s in a !et#p%itan a#ea

A MAN "s"a%%+ is !anaged b+ a cns#ti"! - "se#s # b+ a sing%e

netw#0 p#&ide# wh se%%s the se#&ice t the "se#s

3. wide area networ" $,5%'

a netw#0 that c&e#s a %a#ge geg#aphica% a#ea "sing a

c!!"nicatins channe% that "s"a%%+ c!bines !an+ di--e#ent

t+pes - t#ans!issin !edia

A 1AN can be ne %a#ge netw#0 # can cnsist - tw # !#e

LANs cnnected tgethe#

The Inte#net is the w#%d5s %a#gest 1AN

2 . - + , * + ,

a n d ( + ,



2 . - + , * + ,

a n d ( + ,

Netw#0s(cnt',



3 . , e t w o r k + r c h i t e c t u r e s

Netw#0s(cnt',

The design - c!p"te#s. de&ices. and !edia in a netw#0. s!eti!es

ca%%ed the networ" architecture

,etwork +rchitectures

1. client#server networ"

a netw#0 in which ne # !#e c!p"te#s

a#e designated as a server (s, and the#c!p"te#s n the netw#0. ca%%ed clients. can

#e"est se#&ices -#! the se#&e#. s"ch as

p#&iding database access # "e"ing p#int

bs

A se#&e#. a%s ca%%ed host computer . cnt#%s

access t the ha#dwa#e and s-twa#e n the

netw#0 and p#&ides a cent#a%i8ed st#age

a#ea -# p#g#a!s. data. and in-#!atin

The the# c!p"te#s (c%ients, n the netw#0

#e%+ n the se#&e#s -# these #es"#ces. s"ch

as -i%es. de&ices. p#cessing pwe#. andst#age



Netw#0s(cnt',

2. peer-to-peer networ"

a si!p%e. inexpensi&e

netw#0

A%% c!p"te#s in a pee#3t3

pee# netw#0 ha&e e"a%stat"s n ne c!p"te# is

in cnt#%

Each c!p"te#. ca%%ed a

peer . in the netw#0 can

sha#e the ha#dwa#e. data. #

p#g#a!s %cated n an+

the# c!p"te# in the

netw#0

Each c!p"te# st#es -i%es

n its wn st#age de&ices

3 . , e t w o r k + r c h i t e c t u r e s

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