Pemrograman Internet Mobile

Antonius R.C, S.Kom, M.Cs

M-commerce

E-Commerce

• “A modern business methodology that addresses the needs of organizations, merchants, and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and increasing the speed of service delivery over the Internet”

• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan perniagaan / perdagangan– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking

• Secara khusus– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan

• Disukai? karena kenyamanannya?

Manfaat E-Commerce

• Suatu gerakan baru

• Market exposure, melebarkan jangkauan

• Menurunkan biaya

• Memperpendek waktu product cycle

• Meningkatkan customer loyality

• Meningkatkan value chain

Tradisional vs Elektronik

• Sulit promosi & akses pasar

• ketimpangan persaingan dagang

• paperwork• ekonomi biaya tinggi &

birokrasi• prosedur manual• pasar kurang

kompetitif

• Akses pasar mudah• penilaian independent• paperless• negosiasi &

penawaran standard• kemudahan

permintaan produk baru.

• Alur informasi transparant

• pelayanan interaktif

Jenis E-Commerce

• Business to business (B2B)– Antra perusahaan, data berulang, e-

procurement

• Business to consumer (B2C)– Retail, pelanggan yang bervariasi, konsep

Portal

• Consumer to consumer (C2C)– Lelang (auction)

• Government: G2G, G2B, G2C (citizen)– e-procurement

Pasar Indonesia• Potensi

– Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang besar– Masih banyak yang belum terjangkau oleh Internet

• Jumlah pengguna Internet masih sekitar 5 juta orang

• Orang Indonesia gemar berbicara (tapi kurang suka menulis / dokumentasi)

• Contoh layanan khas Indonesia– Wartel & Warnet– SMS– Berganti-ganti handphone (lifestyle?)– Games, kuis

• Peluang bisnis baru yang khas Indonesia– SMS-based applications– nonton TV dengan chatting– Games, kuis

Hambatan / Tantangan

• Internet bust! Hancurnya bisnis Internet• Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas

dan mahal• Delivery channel• Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust)• Security• Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru• Ketidakjelasan hukum• Efek sampingan terhadap kehidupan

Delivery Channel

• Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan hilang di jalan. Masih banyak “tikus”

• Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman barang

• Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang

• Peluang: pengiriman barang yang terpercaya

Kultur & Kepercayaan

• Orang Indonesia belum (tidak?) terbiasa berbelanja dengan menggunakan catalog

• Masih harus secara fisik melihat / memegang barang yang dijual– Perlu mencari barang-barang yang tidak perlu

dilihat secara fisik. Misal: buku, kaset, …

Kultur & Kepercayaan [2]

• Kepercayaan antara penjual & pembeli masih tipis

• Kepercayaan kepada pembayaran elektronik masih kurang.

• Penggunaan kartu kredit masih terhambat• Peluang: model bisnis yang sesuai

dengan kultur orang Indonesia, membuat sistem pembayaran baru, pembayaran melalui pulsa handphone

Security

• Masalah keamanan membuat orang takut untuk melakukan transaksi

• Persepsi merupakan masalah utama

• Ketidak mengertian (lack of awareness) merupakan masalah selanjutnya

• Merupakan topik tersendiri ...

Munculnya Jenis Kejahatan Baru

• Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu

• Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis

• Kurangnya perlindungan kepada konsumen– Hukum? Awareness?

• Kurangnya kesadaran (awareness) akan masalah keamanan

Ketidakjelasan Hukum

• Masih belum tuntas status dari– Digital signature– Uang digital / cybermoney– Status hukum dari paper-less transaction– [de]Regulasi

Efek terhadap kehidupan

• Kemajuan teknologi komputer dan komunikasi seharusnya meningkatkan tingkat kualitas hidup kita. Kenyataannya…– Bekerja lebih panjang– Pekerjaan dibawa pulang: no life, single terus– Melebarnya jurang si kaya dan si miskin

• Siapkah kita menghadapi tantangan yang tidak dapat kita hindari?

Perangkat Internet

Mobile Commerce: Overview

• Mobile commerce (m-Commerce,

m-Business)—any e-Commerce done in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet– Can be done via the Internet, private

communication lines, smart cards, etc.– Creates opportunity to deliver new services

to existing customers and to attract new ones

Contoh M-commerce

• Pembayaran tagihan melalui mobile phones

• Pengenalan suara melalui mobile phones untuk membeli karcis bioskop

• Pembelian tiket pesawat melalui mobile phones

• Transfer dana melalui mobile phones

Mobile commerce from the Customer‘s point of view

• The customer wants to access information, goods and services any time and in any place on his mobile device.

• He can use his mobile device to purchase tickets for events or public transport, pay for parking, download content and even order books and CDs.

• He should be offered appropriate payment methods. They can range from secure mobile micropayment to service subscriptions.

Mobile commerce from the Provider‘s point of view

• The future development of the mobile telecommunication sector is heading more and more towards value-added services. Analysts forecast that soon half of mobile operators‘ revenue will be earned through mobile commerce.

• Consequently operators as well as third party providers will focus on value-added-services. To enable mobile services, providers with expertise on different sectors will have to cooperate.

• Innovative service scenarios will be needed that meet the customer‘s expectations and business models that satisfy all partners involved.

m-Commerce Terminology

• Generations

– 1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology

– 2G: current wireless technology; mainly accommodates text

– 2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics

– 3G: 3rd generation technology (2001-2005) supports rich media (video clips)

– 4G: will provide faster multimedia display (2006-2010)

Terminology and Standards

• GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System• PDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld

wireless computer• SMS: Short Message Service• EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service• WAP: Wireless Application Protocol• Smart-phones—Internet-enabled cell phones

with attached applications

M-Commerce Infrastructure

Unseen infrastructure requirements– Suitably configured wireline or wireless WAN

modem– Web server with wireless support– Application or database server– Large enterprise application server– GPS locator used to determine the location of

mobile computing device carrier

M-commerce Infrastructure

Software– Micro browser– Mobile client operating system (OS)– Bluetooth—a chip technology and WPAN standard

that enables voice and data communications between wireless devices over short-range radio frequency (RF)

– Mobile application user interface– Back-end legacy application software– Application middleware– Wireless middleware

Early content and applications have all been geared around information delivery but as time moves on the accent will be on revenue

generation.

m-Commerce

Entertainment• Music• Games• Graphics• Video

Communications• Short Messaging• Multimedia Messaging• Unified Messaging• e-mail• Chat rooms• Video - conferencing

Transactions• Banking• Broking• Shopping• Auctions• Betting• Booking &

reservations• Mobile wallet

Information• News• City guides• Directory Services• Maps• Traffic and weather• Corporate information• Market data

Mobile Application: Financial Tool

• As mobile devices become more secure• Mobile banking• Bill payment services• Mobile money transfers

• Replace ATM’s and credit cards??

Mobile Applications : Marketing, Advertising, And Customer Service

• Shopping from Wireless Devices– Have access to services similar to those of

wireline shoppers• Shopping carts• Price comparisons• Order status

– Future• Will be able to view and purchase products using

handheld mobile devices

Mobile Applications : Marketing, Advertising, And Customer Service

• Targeted Advertising– Using demographic information can

personalize wireless services (barnesandnoble.com)

– Knowing users’ preferences and surfing habits marketers can send:

• User-specific advertising messages• Location-specific advertising messages

Limitations of m-Commerce

• Usability Problem• small size of mobile devices (screens,

keyboards, etc)• limited storage capacity of devices• hard to browse sites

• Technical Limitations• lack of a standardized security protocol• insufficient bandwidth• 3G

Limitations of m-Commerce

• Technical Limitations…• transmission and power consumption limitations

– poor reception in tunnels and certain buildings– multi-path interference, weather, and terrain problems

and distance-limited connections

• WAP Limitations• Speed• Cost• Accessibility

Limiting Technological Factors

Mobile Devices•Battery•Memory•CPU•Display Size

Networks•Bandwidth•Interoperability•Cell Range•Roaming

Localization•Upgrade of Network•Upgrade of Mobile Devices•Precision

Mobile Middleware•Standards•Distribution

Security•Mobile Device•Network•Gateway

Potential Health Hazards

• Cellular radio signals = cancer?– No conclusive evidence yet– mobile devices may interfere with sensitive

medical devices such as pacemakers

Kebutuhan M-Commerce

• Device independence– M-Commerce harus bisa dijalankan pada platform

mobile device apapun• Bearer Independence

– Perlu mendukung WAP, SMS, GPRS, dan UMTS• Security yg handal• Reliability

– Menjamin bahwa data-data tetap benar, valid, dan tidak terjadi inkonsistensi data

• Notifications– Menginformasikan semua kebutuhan ke pengguna

NEXT

• WAP