Pemeriksaan Forensik
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Transcript of Pemeriksaan Forensik
Autopsy Techniques
AUTOPSY
DEFINITION
Examination for whole body of corpse, including external
examination and internal examination and additional
examinations
CLASSIFICATION
clinical autopsyautopsy anatomy and forensic autopsy / medicolegal autopsy
PURPOSE
PURPOSE OF AUTOPSYThe purpose of autopsy is based on classification.
clinical autopsy forensic autopsy
Determine the exact cause of death Determine the identity of the body
Customizing clinical diagnoses made during treatment with postmortem diagnosis
Definitely determine cause and manner of death as well as the estimated time of death
Determine the effectiveness of treatment Collect medical evidence
Knowing the relationship with the clinical diagnosis of the disease process and clinical symptoms
Make a written report objective and based on facts in the form of visum et repertum
Education (anatomical autopsy)
Forensic Autopsy
There are a few things to note :The place is a morgue to doing autopsiesAn autopsy was performed only when there is
demand from the authorities autopsyAn autopsy should be done when there is a
request autopsyMatters relating to the cause of death should
be collected before starting the autopsyWhen the autopsy is done, should not be
watched by families or layperson
Preparation before autopsyDocumentsEquipment should be prepared :
Standard Precautions
• In Indonesia a person to perform forensic autopsies are doctors or physicians, physician assistants, and timers.
• Immunization• Staff should not suffer immunocompromise,
open wounds, and acute dermatitis
Examination of corpseexternal examination internal examination support examination
inspection label that is usually attached to the
body of the thumbs right foot
incision cavity of the head, neck, chest cavity,
abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
histopathological examination
Label the hospital to identify the body should
remain on the bodies
take out internal organs toxicology examination
Cover of corpse, Clothes and jewelry of corpse
microscopic
livor mortis, post mortum rigidity, body temperature,
decaying corpse
DNA examination
inspection from head to toe
serology examination
Autopsy Procedure
Autopsy procedure
External post mortem
examination
Internal examination:
Inspection of internal organs appearance and
position
Anatomical dissection Sampling
Autopsy Techniques
Autopsy Techniques
R. Virchow One by one
A. Ghon removed as separate blocks
M. LetulleRemoved as one single
block then dissected into organ blocks
C. Rokitansky All are dissected in situ
Examination of Organs
• Examination of the structure of the tongue and neck• Examination of the heart• Examination of the lungs• Intestinal examination• Examination of the liver and gall bladder• Examination of the spleen and pancreas• Examination of the stomach• Examination of the kidney, adrenal gland, ureter and
bladder
Examination of Genitalia Interna
• Depending on sex
Autopsy Technique on
Specific Case
Infanticide
Air Embolis
m
Pneumothorax
Neck Injury
Air EmbolismThe initial superior portion of the body incision should be
limited to just below the sternal notch
One should reflect the skin and muscles but cut
only the rib cartilages from the second rib
inferiorly
The sternum and anterior ribs are
removed, exposing the pericardium
One then ligates the aorta securely and
makes a small incision in the anterior pericardial
sac
The cut edges of the pericardium are grasped
with clamps and inspected the pericardial
content
Filled the pericardial cavity with water,
submerging the heart entirely
One incises in turn the right atrium, right
ventricle, pilmonary artery
Look carefully for air bubbles
Pneumothorax
Holding the dissected skin and
subcutaneous tissues of the chest
to form a pocket adjacent to the
ribcage
Filled the Pocket with water
Used a scapel to incise the thoracic
cavity
The presence of air bubbles indicates a
pneumothorax
Neck Injury
Make an “I” incision from incisura
jugularis downward up to sompisis
pubis
Wedge the neck so the neck in the higher position
Open the chest cavity by cutting the chest cavity and ribs
Remove the heart
Open the skull cavity and remove
the brain
Blood will flow and the neck area will
be clean
Open the neck layer, find the blood
infiltration
Infanticide
• Autopsy on the body of the baby is more difficult than in adult bodies
• The important things that should be examinated on Infanticide are : Viability Still birth Cause of death Long live outside the womb
After Examination
Rekonstruction of the
Body
Sending Sample
Determination the
cause of death
Examination result repotr
Simple Forensic Laboratory Examination
Blood Examination
Presumptive test/ Screening
Confirmation test
Variety of Simple Blood Screening
1. Microscopic Examination.
- Examination of the blood filter.
- Determination of blood examination.
2. Chemical Examination.
3. Spectroscopic Examination.
4. Serology.
Examination of Seminal Fluid Seminal fluid (semen) is one of the body fluids most often
found in criminal investigations, especially in cases involving sexual offenses.
Examination of Seminal
Fluid
Presumptive test Confirmation
test
Hair Examination
• Hair is the most stable tissue, because hair can ressist from decayed.
• Kind of examination: macroscopic and microscopic
ResultFrom hair examination we
can determine
Cause of death
Kind of crime
Victim’s identity Weapon which is used
Doers identity
Saliva Examination
• Saliva examination is useful when there is a bitten wound on the victim.
• The method which is always used is: – Absorbtion - Inhibition
Urine Examination
• This examination usually use for identification of drug abuse.
• Golden standard of the examination is:– Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry