Pelamis Guide
Transcript of Pelamis Guide
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 1/51
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter - An update on performance and operational aspects
Max CarcasBusiness Development Director
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 2/51
- Incorporated January 1998- £7.5m VC investment 2002-2004- £2.5m support from UK DTI- Based in Edinburgh- Combined ‘wave’ experience of
over 50 years
- 32 full-time personnel
OCEAN POWER DELIVERY
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 3/51
Environmental:• Global warming• EU/UK Kyoto commitments
Socio-economic:
• Hidden costs of conventional generation• Renewables increasingly affordable• Industrial-economic potential
ENERGY POLICY DRIVERS
UK ENERGY POLICY OBJECTIVES:
Security of supply:• Electricity demand
continuing to rise• Existing power plants
reaching end of life• UK to be net importer
of gas in <5 years
Hydro 1%
Other
fuels 2½%Imports
3%
Oil 1%
Gas
37%
Coal
33½%
Nuclear
22%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01
GW
Coal fired
Combined Cycle Gas TurbineOil fired
Mixed/dual fired
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewable & Other
G e n . C a p a c i t y
A v e . D e m a n d
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 4/51
• Today >40GW installed,8GW last year
• Fastest growth area inelectricity generatingindustry
• Denmark: >20,000employed, $3-4bn inexports
• Costs of generationhave fallen by ~80% asmarket has grown
• In the UK firstcommercial wind farmwas only developed 12years ago
WIND POWER
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
Growth in Global Market for Wind Turbines
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
50006000
7000
8000
9000
1 9 8 3
1 9 8 5
1 9 8 7
1 9 8 9
1 9 9 1
1 9 9 3
1 9 9 5
1 9 9 7
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 3
M W i n s t a l l e d p e
r y e a
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
2500030000
35000
40000
45000
C u m m u l a t i v e
M W
MW installed per year
Cumulative MW installed
Source: BTM
Consult Aps
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 5/51
WHY WAVE ENERGY?
Huge Resource & Market- Most dense renewable resource- UK ~50-80TWh/year
~15-25% UK demand>£20bn CapEx
- World >2000TWh/year >£500bn CapEx
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 6/51
WHY WAVE ENERGY?
Forecastability
-Numerous calibratedWIND-WAVE models
-Existing offshoreforecasting services
-Immunity to localclimatic effects
- Small hourly &diurnal variation
Wave height (ft)
Peak period (sec)
Wave forecast images courtesy of LOLA
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 7/51
WHY OFFSHORE…?- Best resource in deep water >50m
- Plenty of space plus high ‘power-density’
- Minimal environmental impact
- Minimum visual intrusion
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
SOUTH UIST
Variation of wave energy resource with water depth
0
20
40
60
80
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Water depth (m)
M e a n p o w e r ( k W / m )
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 8/51
OFFSHORE TECHNOLOGY
The offshore/marine sector’s
contribution:
“No major technical barriers to the
development of wave energy
prototypes have been identified.
All issues raised under design,construction, deployment and
operation can be addressed by
transfer of technology from other
industries, especially the offshore
industry”
DTI Report - Wave Energy: Technology Transfer &
R&D Recommendations
Ove Arup, October 2000
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 9/51
THE PELAMIS WECConcept
− Articulated cylinder −Self-referenced−Slack moored−Head-on to incident waves
Complete machine
- 150m length- 3.5m diameter - 750kW rating- 2.7GWh p.a.
Power Conversion Module
- 4 x hydraulic rams (2 heave, 2 sway)- 2 x 157kVA/ 125kW motor/generator sets- 250kW rating
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 10/51
KEY FEATURES
• Survivability – core theme…• 100% available technology• Hydraulic Power Take Off • Power smoothing• Tuneable• Maximum flexibility
• Minimum work on-site• Off-site maintenance
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
POWER SMOOTHING
POWER LIMITING
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 11/51
DEVELOPMENT PATH
Experimental
Modelling- 14 tank test programmes- 5 test models at 80th, 50th,35th,33rd & 20th scales- Survivability characteristic validated- Numerical power predictions validated- Mooring dynamics validated- Further tank programmes
Numerical
Modelling- Frequency domain simulation- Time-domain simulation- Structural analysis- Power take-off & control- Mooring dynamics- Extreme load analysis
1/7th scale
full systems
prototype
Independent
Design
Verification
Full-scale
Power
Conversion
Module F u l l - s c a l e , p r e - p r o d u c t i o n
p r o t o t y p e
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 12/51
1/7th SCALE PROTOTYPE
-‘Full systems’ prototype- Same hydraulics system- Same control system- First tests October 2001- Concept verified at 1/7th scale
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 13/51
POWER CONVERSION MODULETEST-RIG
Successful verification of full-scale power take off system on land
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 14/51
DESIGN VERIFICATION
• Work undertaken by WS Atkins, Europe’spremier offshore design consultants
• All aspects of design and construction
• Assessed to same factors of safety asmanned offshore oil & gas installations
• Application of DNV/API offshore designcodes
• Fatigue and extreme load analysis over
design life of machine (ULS, ALS, FLS)• Verified and insured
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 15/51
FULL-SCALE PROTOTYPE
• Machine is pre-productionprototype• Supported by UK DTI• Build/assembly through
managed subcontracts
• Initial sea trials behind
vessel• Testing at EMEC
• Power prediction• Connection/ detachment• Survivability, operability,
maintainability, reliability
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 16/51
P-750 PROTOTYPE ‘PHILOSOPHY’
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
- Pre-production unit- 15 year design life- Conservative design
- Design independently verified(WS Atkins)- Systems proven- Moorings system as for farm- Fully instrumented- SCADA- Insured
DESIGN DRIVERS:
- Build methods- Deployment methods- Maintenance methods
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 17/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 18/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 19/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 20/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 21/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 22/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 23/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 24/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 25/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 26/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 27/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 28/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 29/51
FINAL ASSEMBLY, ROSYTHFINAL ASSEMBLY, ROSYTH
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 30/51
EMEC
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 31/51
EMEC, ORKNEY
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 32/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 33/51
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 34/51
MOORINGS INSTALLED
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 35/51
PELAMIS INSTALLED
Image © Aquatera.co.uk
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 36/51
Image © Aquatera.co.uk
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 37/51
ONWARD PROGRAMME- Rigorous testing of prototype
- Commercialisation- Project development…
(Cornwall, Scotland, Portugal, USA + others…)
- Target = demonstration projects installed during 2005
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
Year 2003 2004 2005
Quarter 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
FULL-SCALE DEMONSTRATOR
Build
Launch
Test
PROJECTS - PHASE ONE
PROJECTS - PHASE TWO
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 38/51
PROJECTS – PHASE ONE
Example (2005)- 4-10 x 750kW machines- 3-7.5MW rated output- BUT infrastructure & development
work for whole project
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 39/51
PHASES TWO AND ONWARDS
EXAMPLE
- 39 x P-750 machines- 30MW- £30-50m installed cost- 2.0km x 0.5km- 30 MW/km2
- 110 GWh/year (~20,000 homes)
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 40/51
PORTUGALGRUPO ENERSIS
- 3-5MW demonstration, Nazaré- Target build/install 2005- Wave measurement underway- Survey underway- Local manufacturing content- 20MW accepted by DGE
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 41/51
WIND PROSPECT
- Wind Prospect (2nd UK wind farm, Burbo)- Ocean Prospect formed- Phased wave-farm deployment- Demo at ‘Wave Hub’?- General site survey underway- Target installation 2006
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
SW ENGLAND
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 42/51
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Electrical Power Research Institute
- Public/private project part funded byDOE, NREL and individual states
- Project: four state wave energydemonstration projects in Maine, Oregon,Washington, Hawaii
- Pelamis selected by EPRI as the bestand only system currently recommendedfor deployment.
- Target installation 2006OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 43/51
- Consortium development- Sites identified- Staged development- Target: first stage installed 2005/6- Onward routemap defined- Expected funding from £50m DTI
marine deployment fund
SCOTLAND
2 0 0 0
m
5 0 0 m
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 44/51
COST REDUCTIONMECHANISMS
• Required returns on capital
• Economies of Scale• Learning by doing
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 45/51
REQUIRED RETURNS
Influenced by:• Risks during project
development• Risks during
construction/installation• Risks during operation
(technical & political)• Availability of debt• Project length• Due diligence costs• Bankable warranties• Future uncertainty
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 46/51
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
• Planning – Onshore costs, Env. Impacts, Seabed survey,
Resource assessment and measurement
• Construction – Cable costs, Cable lay costs, Grid connection,
Machine installation• Machine
– Bulk ordering of components, Tooling costs, Plantoverhead, Verification costs
• Operation
– Insurance, Maintenance, Spares
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 47/51
ECONOMIES OF SCALE
Economies of scale - example of ratio of fixed costs to variable costs (machines)
1-4, 4-10 and 10-28 machine project examples
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 12 14 16 20 24 28No. of machines in project
T o t a l P r o j e c t C o s t
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
N o n m a c h i n e c o s t s
% o f t o t a lMachine costs
Non-machine costs
Fixed costs % of total
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 48/51
EXPERIENCE & TECHNOLOGICALIMPROVEMENT
• Project capital costs – Machine cost – components
– Prototype – Batch – Series production
– Development costs (EIA etc)
• Project operation – Improvements in energy capture
– Insurance costs
– O&M costs
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 49/51
BRIDGING THE GAP- High initial costs...- High initial risks...- High initial opportunities…
- Costs fall as a result of technical refinement
- Costs fall in line withinstalled capacity
- Costs fall as a result of investor confidence
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 50/51
THE OPPORTUNITY
• First projects: attractive returns,
through market enablementmechanisms (eg: UK: RenewableObligation + Capital grants;Portugal €c23/kWh)
OPDManufacture and
supply waveenergy converters
Developer Plan, permit,finance and
install wave farms
Operator Own and operatewave farms, sell
electricity generated
Additional renewables generating capacity required by 2010 to meet targets(assumes typical 30% capacity factor for all ren ewables)
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
U n i t e
d K i
n g d o
m
F r a n
c e
I r e l a n d
D e n m
a r k
N o r w
a y
S p a i n
P o r t u
g a l
S o u t h
A f r i c
a
A u s t r a l i a
V a n c
o u v e
r I s l a n
d
C a l i f
o r n i a *
G W r
e q u i r e d t o b e i n s t a l l e d
Total Requirement: 60GW, approx £50bn
* proposed targets for California and South Africa. SA target for all energy use in 2012.
• Strategic:
Accessible globalmarket size >£50bnby 2010, unlimitedby resource
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
8/21/2019 Pelamis Guide
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pelamis-guide 51/51
OCEAN POWER DELIVERY LTDOCEAN POWER DELIVERY LTD
OCEAN POWER
DELIVERY LTD.
www.oceanpd.com
www.oceanpd.com