Pectoralis minor · muscle information in its appropriate order—muscle name, origin, and...

— c —

Mnemonic: “Pector’s minor corralling her 35 C’s.”Pector’s minor Muscle: Pectoralis minorcorralling Origin: Coracoid processher 35 C’s. Insertion: Ribs 3–5 near the costal cartilages

Action: Draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly against the rib cageInnervation: Medial pectoral nerve

Storyboard: The man in the backround, “Pector,” is paying close attention as the voluptuous young girl (legally, she’s a “minor”) pulls up her bikini top and is “coralling her 35 C’s.” Note that Pector is holding a 35 pound dumbbell, which reinforces that this muscle inserts into ribs 3–5.

Study link: “Pector” is used in two other muscle mnemonics: Pectoralis major (upper fibers) and Pectoralis major (lower fibers).

Pectoralis minor

Sample Page

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Anterior view of the chest and shoulders

coracoid process

ribs 3–5 near the costal cartilages

— d —

Mnemonic: “Infrared in the middle.”Infrared Muscle: Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa

in the middle. Insertion: Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerusAction: Laterally (externally) rotates the humerusInnervation: Suprascapular nerve

Storyboard: A powerful creature from another planet has several distinct features. He’s wearing “infrared” goggles “in the middle” of his enormous alien ears, and his ears resemble the muscle. Note that in the mnemonic phrase, “Infrared” represents both the “infraspinatus” muscle name and the origin, the “infraspinatus fossa.”

Infraspinatus


Sample Page

Posterior view of the shoulder girdles

infraspinatus fossa (beneath muscle)

middle facetof greatertubercle of humerus

— e —

Mnemonic: “Sub capsizing from a laser torpedo.”Sub capsizing Muscle: Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossafrom a laser torpedo. Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: Medially (internally) rotates the humerus; assists to stabilize the shoulder

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nervesStoryboard: A submarine is sinking or capsizing after being hit by a laser torpedo. Note that the red explosion coming out of the submarine resembles the subscapularis muscle. Note that in the mnemonic phrase, “Sub capsizing” represents both the muscle name, “Subscapularis,” and the origin, the “Subscapular fossa.”

Subscapularis


Sample Page

Anterior view of right shoulder girdle

subscapular fossa(beneath muscle)

lesser tubercle of humerus

greater tubercle of humerus

— 3 —

Mnemonic: “Pair of fangus smoked his aunt’s sacred sacrilege to become a super-great chanter.”

Pair of fangus smoked Muscle: Piriformishis aunt’s sacred sacrilege Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum, the sacrotuberous ligamentto become a super-great chanter. Insertion: Superior border of the greater trochanter

Action: Laterally (externally) rotates the hipInnervation: Branches of anterior rami of S1 and S2

Storyboard: The cobra, “Pair of fangus,” must “smoke his aunt’s sacred sacrilege” as part of a ceremony to become the next “super-great chanter” within his tribe. Note that his white, elongated fangs resemble the white, elongated sacrotuberous ligaments on either side of the sacrum. His outstretched arm resembles the muscle, and his scaly forehead and eyes resemble the sacral foramina (holes) on the dorsal surface of the sacrum. The fanning shape of his hood resembles the fanning shape of the pelvis.

Study link: The following other muscles contain “sacred,” indicating that they attach to the sacrum: Gluteus maximus, and Iliacus. The following other muscles contain “sacrilege,” indicating that they attach to the sacrotuberous ligament: Gluteus maximus and Biceps femoris (long head). The following other muscles contain “great chat” or “great chanter,” indicating that they attach to the greater trochanter of the femur: Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Inferior gemellus, Obturator internus, Superior gemellus, and Vastus lateralis.

Piriformis


© Muscle Memory PublishingSample Page

Posterior view of pelvis and left femur

sacrotuberousligament

superior border ofgreater trochanter

origin on the anterior surface of

the sacrum

— 4 —

Mnemonic: “Pectineus makes pecking lines.”Pectineus makes Muscle: Pectineus

Origin: Pectineal line of the pubispecking lines. Insertion: Pectineal line of the femur

Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the hipInnervation: Femoral nerve and the accessory obturator nerve

Storyboard: “Pectineus,” the chicken, is scratching in the dirt and is making some “pecking lines.” Note that his beak resembles the muscle. Also, note that the left “pecking line” in the dirt matches the orientation of the pectineal line of the pubis and that the right pecking line matches the orientation of the pectineal line of the femur.

Study link: The following other muscle contains “pecking line,” indicating that it attaches to the pectineal line of the femur: Adductor brevis.

Pectineus

Sample Page


Anterior view of left pelvis and femur

pectineal lineof

pubis (dotted)

pectineal lineof

femur(bone is transparent to see dotted line on

posterior femur)

pubicsymphysis

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— 5 —

Mnemonic: “So as a miner, I put ‘12 to 1’ on the sides and body of my eminent pec line.”

So as a miner, Muscle: Psoas minorI put “12 to 1” on the sides and body Origin: T12 – L1 vertebrae sides and body

of my eminent pec line. Insertion: Iliopectineal eminence and the pectineal line of thepubis

Action: Assists with trunk flexion (weak trunk flexor)Innervation: Small branch from the initial part of the lumbar ventral

ramus(L1)Storyboard: A coal miner is so proud that he can outwork his fellow miners by a ratio of 12 to 1 that he’s tattooed that ratio across his chest, “on the sides and body of my eminent pec line.” Note that his long mustache resembles the muscle and that the curved blades of his pickaxes resemble the curved shape of the iliopectineal eminence and pectineal line of the pubis where the muscle inserts.

Psoas minor

Sample Page


Anterior view of lumbar spine

and pelvis

12th rib

T12–L1 vertebralsides and bodies

iliopectinealeminence

(dotted line)and pectineal

line

— 1 —

Introduction

Step 1 of the Memorize Muscles Method

1. Associate the anatomical name and picture of the muscle with a cartoon name and picture.

Notice in the example above that the anatomical picture of Supraspinatus has been sketched

as viewed from above. On the right, “Super-Nate” has been sketched to be very similar to the

shape of the muscle. Associating how similarly the “Super-Nate” name and picture resembles

the “Supraspinatus” name and picture will help you easily recall the muscle’s shape when you

hear or think of its name. This mnemonic technique is effective because it uses both auditory and

visual cues to help you remember the “Super-Nate” muscle cartoon simply by hearing the name

“Supraspinatus.” Each of the 47 muscles in this book is represented by a cartoon sketch and a

mnemonic name that are similar to an actual sketch of the muscle and its name. This is the first step

in my memorization method.

Cartoon name and picture

Super-Nate

Anatomical name and picture

Supraspinatus


— 2 —


2. Remember the muscle’s origin-insertion phrase with a mnemonic origin-insertion phrase.

Consider the origin and insertion phrase of Supraspinatus. A standard anatomy book would state

that the muscle originates on the supraspinatus fossa and inserts on the upper facet of the greater

tubercle of the humerus. I present each muscle in Memorize Muscles with this standard information

on the right side of a colored table, as exemplified below for the muscle Supraspinatus:

Muscle: SupraspinatusOrigin: Supraspinatus fossaInsertion: Upper facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

On the left side of the table, as shown below, there will be a “stacked” mnemonic phrase to help

you recall the more lengthy origin-insertion phrase on the right. You should read the mnemonic

phrase on the left from the top down so that it makes a complete phrase. This mnemonic phrase

will be repeated, without yellow highlighting, at the top of the table for clarity. See the example for

Supraspinatus below.

Mnemonic: “Super-Nate is super upset.”Super-Nate Muscle: Supraspinatusis super Origin: Supraspinatus fossaupset. Insertion: Upper facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Note that the highlighted pieces of the mnemonic phrase, “Super-Nate is super upset,” on the

left side of the table match and align with the highlighted pieces of the origin and insertion phrase

on the right. I have designed the mnemonic phrase on the left so that it is significantly shorter and

easier to remember than the origin-insertion phrases on the right. This will help you recall the

muscle information in its appropriate order—muscle name, origin, and insertion.

In its transition from origin-insertion phrase to mnemonic phrase, the example of Supraspinatus is

relatively straightforward. For muscles with an origin-insertion phrase that’s longer and more

— 3 —

difficult to remember, I created the shorter mnemonic phrase on the left side of the table by

combining parts of words from the standard anatomical description on the right side of the

table. Thus, the mnemonic phrase is much more compact and more easily memorized, which will

enable you to recall the longer origin-insertion phrase with comparative ease. If you noticed, we

have already used this technique for Supraspinatus by combining pieces of the insertion phrase

“upper facet” into a single word, “upset.”


Note that the pieces of the combined word “upset” in the mnemonic phrase do not have to be

spelled the same as the pieces of the words “upper facet” from the origin and insertion phrase.

The pieces of the combined word will cue your memory because they will sound similar to the

actual origin-insertion words. Throughout Memorize Muscles, I have transformed all of the

muscles and their complex origins and insertions into memorable cartoon pictures and “similar

sounding” mnemonic phrases. This memorization method is powerful because the highlighted

mnemonic phrase on the left side of the table actually describes the “Super-Nate” cartoon picture,

and it contains enough cueing information to allow you to recall the origin and insertion. With the

combination of my mnemonics and the detailed anatomical and cartoon pictures, you will be able

to memorize an amazing amount of information quickly and efficiently and enhance your short-

and long-term recall of the origins and insertions. Proceed to Step 3 to take a closer look at the

Supraspinatus and “Super-Nate” pictures and see some of the detailed similarities you may have

missed, but when recognized, will enable you to have a near “photographic memory” of the muscle

and its surrounding anatomical structures.

— 4 —


3. Study and compare the similarities between the anatomical picture and the cartoon picture.

upper facet ofgreater tubercleof humerus

coracoidprocess

end of clavicle

acromion (transparent to see muscle passing beneath)

supraspinatus fossa(beneath muscle)

Cartoon name and picture

Super-Nate

Anatomical name and picture

Supraspinatus

Notice that Super-Nate’s round, exploding ball of fury resembles the round head of the humerus

where the muscle inserts and that his cartoon arms resemble the two bony processes that the

muscle passes between—the coracoid process and the acromion process. Super-Nate’s head also

resembles the round end of the clavicle. All of these minute and amazing details in the cartoon

will help you visualize the muscle when you hear or think of “Supraspinatus,” aka “Super-Nate.” As

above, every anatomical sketch in Memorize Muscles has relevant anatomical features labeled so

you can clearly see and understand the locations of its origin-insertion sites. Proceed to the next

page to see how all three steps of the Memorize Muscles method are incorporated into a full-page

layout of Supraspinatus. All muscles in this book are presented in a similar fashion.


— 5 —


Action: Abducts and assists with stability of the humerusInnervation: Suprascapular nerve

Storyboard: Supraspinatus has been sketched as viewed from above. Note that Super-Nate’s round, exploding ball of fury resembles the head of the humerus where the muscle inserts and that his cartoon arms resemble the two bony processes that the muscle passes between—the coracoid process on the left and the acromion process of the scapula on the right. His head also resembles the round end of the clavicle.

Supraspinatus


Superior view of right shoulder girdle

upper facet ofgreater tubercleof humerus

coracoidprocess

acromion (transparent to see muscle passing beneath)

supraspinatus fossa(beneath muscle)

end of clavicle



— 6 —

Bonus MaterialIn the previous full-page example, you may have noticed that I also listed the Action and

Innervation (nerve supply) of the muscle for ease of reference.



Storyboard: Supraspinatus has been sketched as viewed from above. Note that Super-Nate’s round, exploding ball of fury resembles the head of the humerus where the muscle inserts and that his cartoon arms resemble the two bony processes that the muscle passes between—the coracoid process on the left and the acromion process of the scapula on the right. His head also resembles the round end of the clavicle.

In addition, a “Storyboard” section is included beneath each table to describe events that are

occurring in the cartoon and to point out details in the cartoon that will further enhance your

memory of the muscle’s shape, location, origin, and insertion. A “Study link” section may also be

included if other muscles have the same origin(s) or insertion(s) as the muscle you are currently

viewing. Using the Study links will enable you to make mental connections among the origins and

insertions of the muscles, further enhancing the depth of your understanding of musculoskeletal

anatomy! Supraspinatus is the only muscle with its origin at the supraspinatus fossa and its insertion

at the upper facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Thus, in this case, a Study link section is

not needed.

— 7 —

Final Thoughts and Study TipsNow that you understand the Memorize Muscles method, you can proceed to learn the

information for 47 muscles of the Upper Quadrant. The muscles are ordered alphabetically on

the following pages. You can scroll through the muscles left to right, or, you can go to the Table of

Contents to locate the page number of a particular muscle.

In creating Memorize Muscles, I wanted students and professionals to be able to recall the

minute details of even the longest origin-insertion phrases required by a demanding instructor. To

this end, Memorize Muscles has been designed to meet the memorization demands of nearly any

instructor’s or program’s requirements. Even so, some instructors may require you to memorize their

specific origin-insertion phrases “word for word.” If your instructor requires specific words in the

origin-insertion phrases that differ from those presented in Memorize Muscles, you can easily adapt

my phrases to those requirements by adding or removing a word or phrase for your memorization

needs. You can even create your own words and phrases with my mnemonic memorization method

because it is very flexible and adaptable! For example, if your instructor requires that you memorize

that the insertion of Supraspinatus is the “greater tubercle of the humerus,” you can simply adapt

the phrase to something like “Super-Nate is super great!”

Mnemonic: “Super-Nate is super upset. great.”Super-Nate Muscle: Supraspinatusis super Origin: Supraspinatus fossaupset. great. Insertion: Upper facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

— 8 —

However you choose to adapt the phrase, I highly encourage you to focus your efforts on being

able to translate the mnemonic phrase into the origin-insertion phrase, because the mnemonic

phrase enables you to memorize and recall the origin-insertion phrase so much easier and faster

than boring, rote memorization! You will also note that the origin-insertion phrase on the right

side of the table can be covered with a note card or your hand as you study so that you can practice

translating from the mnemonic phrase on the left.



Finally, if you have forgotten, or have never learned, the terminology associated with bony

structures, refer to an anatomy book or other reference to refresh your memory and to make the

anatomical sketch more meaningful.

Go ahead and proceed to

Memorize Muscles, Origins, And Insertions!



— i —

Copyright page

Memorize Muscles, Origins, and Insertions ©Author: Byron Moffett, Doctor of Physical TherapyIllustrators: Travis Gibbs and Byron MoffettCover Design: Kib PrestridgeCopyright: September 20, 2015

Copyright © 2015 by Muscle Memory Publishing, LLC.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.

In this work, the names, characters, businesses, places, events, and incidents are either the products of the author’s imagination or used in a fictitious manner. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, or actual events is purely coincidental.

Pectoralis minor · muscle information in its appropriate order—muscle name, origin, and...

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