Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2011 Annual Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2011

8/20/2019 Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2011 Annual Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2011

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^lijl Jhrps Hggkjl hg @lmkjic Zlrvkjls, Lpkml`khchfy iem Zurvlkcciejl \ekt, 9999 4>tb Zt. EV, Visbkefthe, MJ 4>99

Ieeuic Tlphrt hg Whcuetllr Blictb XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

]idcl hg JhetletsKetrhmujtkhe ....................................................... 4

Miti @ltbhms ..................................................... 4 Miti Zhurjls 4 Miti Ieicysks 4 Miti Ck`ktitkhes 4 4>99 Jbiefls :

4>99 Bkfbckfbts .................................................. : Ehtidcl :

Gllmdija .................................................. .......... :

4>99 Tlsucts .................................................... ... = Whcuetllr ml`hfripbkjs = @hst jh``he jhemktkhes =

Jhemktkhes wktb skfekgkjiet ritl mkgglrlejls = Kegljtkhus Jhemktkhes <

Ehekegljtkhus jhemktkhes 94 Zlvlrl hutjh`ls 92 ^rl- iem ^hst-slrvkjl 9; Ipplemkx M? ]idcls 4:

Jh``he Ijrhey s̀ iem Mlgkektkhes ............. :2

Zudoljt Kemlx ................................................... :;

Jhetrkduthrs^lijl Jhrps @lmkjic HggkjlrsVhrcmwkml

Mkja DieasZurvlkcciejl iem ]rijakef Jhhrmkeithr

@yrei Jbircls, MH, @DI, @^BJbklg, Lpkml`khchfy iem Zurvlkcciejl \ekt

Oielt Cimm, TE^rl-Zlrvkjl \ekt @ieiflr

Airhc Muggy, TE, @ZGklcm Zupphrt @ieiflr

Mkiei Ohbeshe, TE, @ZE^hst-Zlrvkjl @ieiflr

]k`htby Ciwclr, ^bM, @^BMkrljthr, Jhueslckef iem Hutrlijb \ekt


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4

Ketrhmujtkhe]bl Blictb hg tbl Whcuetllr ieeuic rlphrt ks prhmujlm

dy tbl Lpkml`khchfy iem Zurvlkcciejl \ekt hg ^lijlJhrps Hggkjl hg @lmkjic Zlrvkjls (H@Z). ]bks rlphrt

prhvkmls keghrìtkhe he blictb jhemktkhes lxplrklejlm dy ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs, ^lijl Jhrps TlspheslWhcuetllrs, iem trikells murkef tbl jiclemir ylir iemks ketlemlm ghr usl dy ^lijl Jhrps `lmkjic hggkjlrs(^J@Hs), Whcuetllrs, iem iflejy stigg.

]bl Blictb hg tbl Whcuetllr 4>99 rlgcljts H@Z ‛ `ksskhe th `hekthr iem lvicuitl trlems ke fchdic iemrlfkheic blictb jhemktkhes i`hef ^lijl JhrpsWhcuetllrs iem trikells. Bkfbckfbts grh` 4>99, ichefwktb mltikcs rlgcljtkef lijb rlphrtlm jhemktkhe iemlvlet irl kejcumlm ke tbks vhcu`l. Ipplemkjls bivllxtlemlm gkfurls, tidcls, iem jhuetry-spljkgkj miti.

]bl rlphrt ks mlskfelm th gijkcktitl tbl lmujitkhe iemtrikekef hg Whcuetllrs iem stigg iem th lebiejl

prlvletkhe lgghrts. ]bks vhcu`l, immktkheic tidcls, iem prlvkhus rlphrts ìy dl ijjlsslm vki tbl ^lijl JhrpsKetrielt he tbl Lpkml`khchfy pifl.

Miti @ltbhms

Miti Zhur jls

Keghrìtkhe uslm th prlpirl tbks rlphrt wis prhvkmlm dy virkhus stigg tbrhufbhut tbl whrcm. ^J@Hssud`kttlm jh`pcltlm ̀ hetbcy Lpkml`khchfkj

Zurvlkcciejl Zystl` (LZZ) rlphrts (Ipplemkx I).Ijjh``hmitkhe miti wlrl jhccljtlm dy tbl H@Z ^rl-Zlrvkjl \ekt. ^hst-slrvkjl jcik`s miti wlrl prhvkmlmtbrhufb tbl H@Z ^hst-Zlrvkjl \ekt. Keghrìtkhe he`letic blictb jhesuctitkhes wis jhccljtlm dy tblJhueslckef iem Hutrlijb \ekt (JH\) ke tbl Hggkjl hgBlictb Zlrvkjls (HBZ).

]brhufbhut tbks mhju`let tbl tlr` –Whcuetllr‐kejcumls ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs iem trikells, is wlccis ^lijl Jhrps Tlsphesl Whcuetllrs.

Miti I eicysks

Kejkmlejl Titls

Kejkmlejl ks tbl eu`dlr hg elw jisls hg i mkslisl hrjhemktkhe. Kejkmlejl ritl ks tbl prhphrtkhe hg elwjisls wktbke tbl phpucitkhe it rksa.

Ke ]bl Blictb hg tbl Whcuetllr, kejkmlejl ritls irllxprlsslm plr 9>> Whcuetllr-trikell ylirs (W] ylirs).

]blsl ritls irl jicjucitlm dy mkvkmkef tbl eu`dlr hgelw jisls hg mkslisl ke i ylir dy tbl W] ylir jhuetiem tble ùctkpcykef dy 9>>.

Titl ke 0 ( Eu`dlr hg elw jisls hg mkslisl ) x 9>>W] ylirs · ( ]k`l lijb Whcuetllr )

slrvlm ke ylirs

Whcuetllr [lirs

W] ylirs rlgcljt dhtb tbl eu`dlr hg Whcuetllrs iemtbl cleftb hg tk`l lijb Whcuetllr slrvlm. IsWhcuetllrs ìy slrvl clss tbie i gucc jiclemir ylir,jicjucitkef W] ylirs ks `hrl ijjuritl tbie jhuetkefkemkvkmuic Whcuetllrs.

Glìcl Whcuetllr [lirs

Titls ghr prlfeiejy, fyeljhchfkjic kegljtkhes, iemjhcphsjhpkls irl fkvle plr 9>> glìcl W] ylirs.Zkejl tblsl jhemktkhes iggljt hecy glìcls, ìclWhcuetllrs bivl dlle lxjcumlm grh` tbl mleh`keithrke tblsl jicjucitkhes.

@icirki Whcuetllr [lirs

Titls ghr ìcirki (dy typl), ìcirki (dy prhpbycixks),iem ivlrifl ̀ hetbcy ietkìcirki jbl`hprhpbycixksirl fkvle plr 9>> ìcirki W] ylirs. Is tblsljhemktkhes iggljt hecy Whcuetllrs ke jhuetrkls wktbleml`kj ìcirki, Whcuetllrs slrvkef ke eheìcirkic

jhuetrkls bivl dlle lxjcumlm grh` tbl mleh`keithr ketblsl jicjucitkhes.

]rlem Ckels

Gkfurls tbit sbhw kejkmlejl ritls hvlr tk`l mkspciytrlem ckels th l`pbiskzl tlemlejkls ke miti mkrljtkhe.Jh``lejkef ke 4>>6, trlem ckels wlrl tlstlm ghr ohkeshr pcijls wblrl tbl miti trlems sbhw i skfekgkjietmkrljtkhe jbiefl.

]rlem ckels wlrl jrlitlm uskef Ohkephket, i prhfri`grllcy ivikcidcl grh` tbl Eitkheic Jiejlr Kestktutl.

Keghrìtkhe he tbks `ltbhm ks ivikcidcl itbttp?//srid.jiejlr.fhv/ohkephket.

Miti Ck `ktitkhes

]blrl irl slvlric ck`ktitkhes th tbl keghrìtkhe prlsletlm ke tbks rlphrt. Kg Whcuetllrs mh eht sllablictb jirl grh` tbl ^J@H, tbl eu`dlr hg rlphrtlmjisls ìy eht rlgcljt tbl ijtuic durmle hg mkslisl.


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]bl Blictb hg tbl Whcuetllr 4>99

:

Eht icc jhemktkhes jie dl prljkslcy jhegkr`lm, shsh`l rlphrtlm jisls ìy dl `ksjcisskgklm.

Kejkmlejl ritls dislm he sìcc eu`dlrs hg jisls (4>hr clss) sbhucm dl ketlrprltlm wktb jiutkhe skejl ijbiefl hg i glw jisls jie prhmujl i cirfl jbiefl keritl. @hst jhuetry-spljkgkj ritls gicc keth tbks

jitlfhry. Ke tbl gkfurls prhvkmlm, jhuets irl fkvlekestlim hg ritls wble tbl eu`dlr hg jisls ke hel hr`hrl jitlfhrkls ks clss tbie 4>.

4>99 Jbie fls

Jbiefls th ^lijl Jhrps Jhuetrkls

^lijl Jhrps slrvlm ke 7; phsts ke 4>99 (Ipplemkx D).Murkef tbl ylir, twh phsts wlrl jchslm? Ekflr keGldruiry iem Aiziabstie ke Mljl`dlr.

^rhfri`s tbit jchslm murkef tbl jiclemir ylir

prhvkmlm miti hecy ghr tbl ̀ hetbs murkef wbkjb tblywlrl hplritkheic. Kejkmlejl miti ghr tblsl phstssbhucm dl ketlrprltlm jiutkhuscy.

^rl-Zlrvkjl Ijjh``hmitkhes

]bl @lmkjic Ijjh``hmitkhe ^rhfri` wktbke H@Z ksmlskfelm th gijkcktitl tbl mljkskhe-ìakef prhjlssrlfirmkef ippckjiets wktb spljkic `lmkjic hr sktl

pcijl`let ellms. ]bl ^rl-Zlrvkjl \ekt iem/hr tbl`lmkjic pcijl`let jhhrmkeithr rlvklw icc ippckjietswbh ellm spljkic `lmkjic iem/hr sktl pcijl`let.Ippckjiets wktb jhemktkhes tbit rlqukrl spljkic`lmkjic `hekthrkef (k.l., dlyhem rhutkel jirl), irljclirlm dy tbl Zjrllekef ]li` ghr jhuetrywkmlslrvkjl ke jhuetrkls tbit jie supphrt sujb `hekthrkef.Ippckjiets wktb jhemktkhes tbit rlqukrl i spljkgkjflhfripbkj chjitkhe hr rlqukrl prhxk`kty th ie urfletjirl `lmkjic gijkckty irl jclirlm ghr sktl-spljkgkjslrvkjl dy tbl `lmkjic pcijl`let jhhrmkeithr. ]bks

prhjlss ìy kejcuml jhesuctitkhe i`hef tbl H@Z, tblHggkjl hg Whcuetllr Tljrukt`let iem Zlcljtkhe, iem^lijl Jhrps phst stigg.

4>99 Bkfbckfbts

Ehtidcl

Mljrlisl ke Mleful Titls (îfl 99ghr i ritl hg >.2 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]bksrlprlslets i 9> th 4>99, ]hfhiem _i`dki rlphrtlm skfekgkjiet kejrlisls ke tbks ritli`hef tblkr Whcuetllrs. Ke ]hfh, tbl ritl hg ìcirkikejrlislm grh` =.; jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs ke 4>9> th9> W] ylirs ke 4>99 (grh` < th 97

jisls). _i`dki rlphrtlm ie kejrlisl ke ritl grh` 4:.4th 4> W] ylirs (:; th th 4>99, tbl ritl hg ueketletkheic `hthrvlbkjcl keourkls kejrlislm dy 9; plrjlet i`hefWhcuetllrs, grh` >.6 th >.2 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs(4.7;4.9742.


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=

4>99 Tlsucts

Whcue tllr ml̀ hfripbk js

Ke 4>99, ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs, ]rikells, iem ^lijlJhrps Tlsphesl Whcuetllrs slrvlm i thtic hg 2,769Whcuetllr-trikell ylirs (W] ylirs). ]bl hvlricceu`dlr hg W] ylirs bis kejrlislm ie ivlrifl hg 4

plrjlet plr ylir.

Glìcl Whcuetllrs slrvlm .;

plrjlet). ]bl prhphrtkhe hg W] ylirs slrvlm dyglìcls bis rlìkelm rlcitkvlcy jhestiet skejl 4>>>.

Hg tbl thtic W] ylirs slrvlm ke 4>99, 99, 79.9jisls hg fistrhketlstkeic kccelss plr 9>> W] ylirs wlrlrlphrtlm, wbkcl kegljtkhus mlrìtktks riealm sljhem,

wktb i ritl hg 4> W] ylirs.

Jhemktk hes wktb skfek gk jiet ritl mkg glrlejls

Vhrcmwkml, skx jhemktkhes bim stitkstkjiccy skfekgkjietmkgglrlejls ke ritl grh` 4>9> th 4>99 (p-vicul 3>.>>W] ylirs (9:2 th 69 jisls).

]bl kejkmlejl ritls hg `hthr vlbkjcl keourkls, prlfeiejy, jhcphsjhpkls plrghr`lm ke-jhuetry,icjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`s, iem purkgklm prhtlkemlrkvitkvl jhevlrskhe (i ìralr ghr citlettudlrjuchsks) kejrlislm skfekgkjietcy grh` 4>9> th4>99.

]bl Igrkji rlfkhe lxplrklejlm skfekgkjiet kejrlisls ketbl ritls hg slvlric jhemktkhes grh` 4>9> th 4>99.]bks kejcumlm i :4 plrjlet kejrlisl ke tbl ritl hglevkrhe`letic jhejlres rlphrtlm dy Whcuetllrs, grh`>.; th 9.4 rlphrts plr 9>> W] ylirs (46 th =9 rlphrts).^lmlstrkie iem `hthr vlbkjcl keourkls ke Igrkji icshbim skfekgkjiet ritl kejrlisls murkef tbks tk`l plrkhm,kejrliskef 47 plrjlet, grh` 9.= th 9.2 jisls plr 9>>W] ylirs (=> th > W] ylirs (:: th =>`hthr vlbkjcl keourkls), rlspljtkvlcy. Ie kejrlisl ke


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<

tbl ritl hg istbì grh` 9.> th 9.4 jisls plr 9>> W]ylirs (4; th => jisls) wis slle murkef tbks plrkhm.]bks ghcchws i plrjlet mljrlisl ke tbl ritl hgistbì murkef tbl 4>>; ‚ 4>9> plrkhm (grh` .77 (9> th 96jhcphsjhpkls) plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]bks kejrlisl wisslle prlmh`keietcy ke Izlrdikoie.

Ke 4>99, tbl ritl hg keourkls rlcitlm th ̀ hthr vlbkjclske KI^ kejrlislm 9:< plrjlet, grh` ; rlphrtlm jislske 4>9> th 4: jisls ke 4>99 (>.= th >.2 jisls plr 9>>W] ylirs).

]bl ritl hg mleful jisls ke KI^ mljrlislmskfekgkjietcy murkef tbks plrkhm, wktb :6 jisls rlphrtlm

ke 4>99 jh`pirlm th 9>4 jisls ke 4>9>, rlprlsletkef i76 plrjlet mljrlisl.

Zh`l jhemktkhes wktb skfekgkjiet ritl mkgglrlejlsipplirlm ke ùctkpcl rlfkhes. ]bl kejkmlejl hgicjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`s kejrlislm ke Igrkji iem KIîem mljrlislm ke L@I. BKW phst-lxphsurl

prhpbycixks usl mljrlislm ke Igrkji wbkcl kejrliskefke KI^.

K eg ljtkhus Jhemktk hes

MlefulMleful ks i vkric mkslisl tries`kttlm th buìes dykegljtlm ̀ hsqukthls. Zy`pth`s kejcuml bkfb glvlr,slvlrl blimijbl, iem ohket iem ùsjcl pike. Mlefulbl`hrrbifkj glvlr (MBG) ks i slvlrl ghr` hg mlefultbit jiusls ketlreic dcllmkef.

Mleful kegljtkhe ks i climkef jiusl hg kccelss iemmlitb ke tbl trhpkjs iem sudtrhpkjs. ]bl Jletlrs ghrMkslisl Jhetrhc iem ^rlvletkhe lstkìtl tbit is ìeyis 9>> `kcckhe plhpcl irl kegljtlm ylircy wktbhutdrlias hg mleful hjjurrkef lvlry glw ylirs ketrhpkjic jhuetrkls.

Ke 4>99, tbl eu`dlr hg rlphrtlm mleful jislsskfekgkjietcy mljrlislm grh` tbl ritl lxplrklejlm ke4>9>. Zlvlety-hel jisls hg mleful wlrl rlphrtlm ke4>99 ghr i ritl hg >.2 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]bksrlprlslets i 76 plrjlet gicc ke mleful kegljtkhes grh`tbl prlvkhus ylir.

Grh` 4>>> ‚ 4>>6, tblrl wis i 6 plrjlet plr ylirkejrlisl ke mleful jisls i`hef Whcuetllrs. Zkejl4>>6, mleful ritls bivl mljrlislm dy ie ivlrifl hg 6

plrjlet plr ylir.


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7

]bl KI^ rlfkhe rhutkelcy ijjhuets ghr tbl frlitlsteu`dlr hg jisls i`hef Whcuetllrs. Ke 4>99, tblkejkmlejl ritl hg mleful mljrlislm th >.2 jisls plr9>> W] ylirs grh` i ritl hg 9.2 jisls plr 9>> W]ylirs ke 4>9>.

KI^ ijjhuetlm ghr :6 (99. L@I rlphrtlm :9 jisls (== plrjlet) wktb iekejkmlejl ritl hg 9.4 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs, iemIgrkji lxplrklejlm ie kejrlisl ke ritl th >.9 jisls plr9>> W] ylirs wktb : (= plrjlet) hg tbl jisls.

Mlrìtktks, kegljtkhus

]bl sljhem `hst jh``hecy rlphrtlm jhemktkhe i`hefWhcuetllrs ke 4>99 wis kegljtkhus mlrìtktks, wktb iritl hg 4> W] ylirs (4,967 jisls).

Kegljtkhus mlrìtktks kejcumls iey kegljtkhe hg tbl sake dy dijtlrkic, guefic, hr pirisktkj hrfieks`s. ]blsljhemktkhes ìy hr ìy eht dl cidhrithry-jhegkr`lm.

Ehekegljtkhus sake jhemktkhes sujb is ijel, ljzlì,

hr ehe-spljkgkj risbls wlrl eht kejcumlm.Grh` 4>>> ‚ 4>>:, tbl ritls hg kegljtkhus mlrìtktkskejrlislm dy 2 plrjlet plr ylir iem tble mljrlislm dy= plrjlet plr ylir grh` 4>>: ‚ 4>99.

Gldrkcl kccelss, htblr

Htblr gldrkcl kccelssls bim i ritl hg ;.6 jisls plr 9>>W] ylirs (2=< jisls) ke 4>99. Tlphrts hg gldrkclkccelss bivl mljrlislm < plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>.

Ke 4>99, ritls ke L@I mljckelm, wbkcl i sckfbtkejrlisl bis dlle slle ke Igrkji iem KI^ skejl 4>9>,grh` ;.= th 94.> jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs (46> th :;<jisls) ke Igrkji iem grh` 9>.; th 99.6 jisls plr 9>>W] ylirs (462 th :4< jisls) ke KI^.

Gkcirkisks

Gkcirkisks ks i frhup hg pirisktkj mkslisls jiuslm dy`kjrhsjhpkj, tbrlimckal whr`s. Cy`pbitkj gkcirkisks ksjhetrijtlm tbrhufb tbl dktl hg ie kegljtlm `hsqukthiem jie jiusl swlcckef (cy`pblmlì), is wlcc istbkjalekef, birmlekef, iem mksgkfuritkhe hg tbl sake(lclpbietkisks), usuiccy iggljtkef tbl ck`ds, drlists,iem flektics. Hejbhjlrjkisks (rkvlr dckemelss) ksjhetrijtlm tbrhufb tbl dktl hg ie kegljtlm dcija gcyiem jie jiusl kegci`ìtkhe, wbkcl jbrhekj kegljtkhejie prhmujl dckemelss. Chi chi , hr Igrkjie lyl whr`,ks jhetrijtlm tbrhufb tbl dktl hg ie kegljtlm bhrslgcyiem jie jiusl cy`pblmlì, ktjbkef, kegci`ìtkhe,iem `kfritkhe hg whr`s tbrhufb tbl lyldiccs.

Ke 4>99, hecy hel jisl hg gkcirkisks wis rlphrtlm grhì Whcuetllr ke @lxkjh.


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Fistrhketlstkeic jhemktkhes

Fistrhketlstkeic jhemktkhes kejcuml cidhrithry-jhegkr`lm iem ehe-cidhrithry-jhegkr`lm kccelsslswktb ghur hr `hrl ckqukm hr witlry sthhcs plr miy.

]bks jitlfhry jhetkeuls th dl tbl `hst rlphrtlmjhemktkhe i`hef Whcuetllrs, wktb i ritl hg 79.9 jisls

plr 9>> W] ylirs (> jisls). Grh` 4>>> ‚ 4>>:, tblritl hg fistrhketlstkeic jhemktkhes kejrlislm 7 plrjlet plr ylir iem tble grh` 4>>: ‚ 4>99 tbl ritl mljrlislm dy ie ivlrifl hg = plrjlet plr ylir.

I mljrlisl ke tbl kejkmlejl hg fistrhketlstkeicjhemktkhes wis slle i`hef Whcuetllrs ke tbl L@Iiem Igrkji rlfkhes. ]bks jbiefl wis eht stitkstkjiccyskfekgkjiet.

–Dijtlrkic mkirrbli, htblr hr prlsu`lm ‐ jipturlskegljtkhes hg tbl fistrhketlstkeic trijt jhegkr`lm dy

cidhrithry tlstkef hr wktb i jckekjic prlsletitkhejheskstlet wktb dijtlrkic kegljtkhe ke wbkjb ietkdkhtkjtrlit`let wis im`kekstlrlm dut ltkhchfy wis eht cid-jhegkr`lm. Dijtlrkic iflets kejcumlm ke tbks jitlfhryirl tbhsl tbit mh eht ippcy th htblr LZZ jitlfhrkls(l.f., i`ldkisks, fkirmkisks, sic`helcchsks, hrsbkflcchsks).

–Wkric mkirrbli, htblr hr prlsu`lm ‐ kejcumlskegljtkhes hg tbl fistrhketlstkeic trijt mul th i vkricspljkls jhegkr`lm dy cidhrithry tlstkef hr i jckekjic

prlsletitkhe jheskstlet wktb vkric kegljtkhe tbit ks ehtjhegkr`lm dy cidhrithry tlstkef.

I`hef tbl > fistrhketlstkeic jhemktkhes rlphrtlmke 4>99, :4 plrjlet wlrl hg dijtlrkic ltkhchfy, 4>

plrjlet wlrl hg vkric hrkfke, ; plrjlet wlrl i`ldkisks,; plrjlet fkirmkisks, 4 plrjlet ketlstkeic blc`ketbs, >.:

plrjlet sic`helcchsks, iem >.>7 plrjlet sbkflcchsks.]bl rlìkekef 47 plrjlet hg jisls wlrl jcisskgklm is–htblr mkirrbli. ‐

–Htblr mkirrbli‐ rlprlslets fistrhketlstkeic trijtkegljtkhes jiuslm dy pirisktls eht kmletkgklm ke tbljitlfhrkls idhvl, ehekegljtkhus jiusls (l.f., blivy`ltics, jbl`kjics, ghhm icclrfkls, `lmkjitkhes), hrjisls hg ueaehwe ltkhchfy.

Fyeljhchfkjic kegljtkhes, htblr

Htblr fyeljhchfkjic kegljtkhes kejcuml dijtlrkicvifkehsks, vifkeic ylist kegljtkhe, iem plcvkj

kegci`ìthry mkslisl.]bl ritl hg fyeljhchfkjic kegljtkhes kejrlislm ieivlrifl hg < plrjlet plr ylir grh` 4>>> ‚ >= iem tblemljrlislm 2 plrjlet plr ylir ke sudslqulet ylirs.]blrl wlrl 7:6 htblr fyeljhchfkjic kegljtkhesrlphrtlm ke 4>99 ghr i ritl hg 94.9 jisls plr 9>>glìcl W] ylirs.


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2

Blpitktks

]blrl wlrl gkvl jisls hg blpitktks rlphrtlm i`hefWhcuetllrs ke 4>99? twh jisls wlrl blpitktks I iemtbrll wlrl jcisskgklm ke tbl –Blpitktks, Htblr hr^rlsu`lm‐ jitlfhry. ]bks jitlfhry kejcumls blpitktksL iem prlsu`lm blpitktks, is wlcc is kegljtkhus iemehekegljtkhus jiusls hg lclvitlm i`keh-triesglrisl

clvlcs.

Buìe k`ùehmlgkjklejy vkrus

Ke 4>99, hel Whcuetllr tlstlm phsktkvl ghr buìek`ùehmlgkjklejy vkrus (BKW) kegljtkhe.

Ke 9;26, ^lijl Jhrps kektkitlm BKW sjrllekef ghr tblWhcuetllrs. Jh``lejkef ke 9;2;, BKW sjrllekef bis

dlle mhel dhtb prkhr th iem it tbl lem hg slrvkjl.Zkejl 9;2;, == Whcuetllrs bivl tlstlm phsktkvl ghrBKW murkef slrvkjl.

^hst-lxphsurl prhpbycixks

BKW phst-lxphsurl prhpbycixks (^L^) wis prlsjrkdlm

th 9>> Whcuetllrs ghr i ritl hg 9.4 prlsjrkptkhes plr9>> W] ylirs ke 4>99. ]bl ìohrkty hg ^L^ (6> plrjlet1 6> jisls) wis prlsjrkdlm ke Igrkji. ]bl ritlhg ^L^ uslm ke Igrkji mljrlislm grh` 4>9> th 4>99(4.2 th 4.9 prlsjrkptkhes plr 9>> W] ylirs1 29 th 6>jisls). Murkef tbks plrkhm tbl ^L^ prlsjrkptkhe ritl keL@I mljrlislm grh` >.< th >.: prlsjrkptkhes plr 9>>W] ylirs1 94 th 2 jisls). Ke KI^, tbl ritl hg ^L^

prlsjrkptkhes kejrlislm grh` 4>9> th 4>99 (>.6 th >.2 prlsjrkptkhes plr 9>> W] ylirs1 96 th 44 jisls).

^L^ bis dlle ivikcidcl th Whcuetllrs phtletkiccylxphslm th BKW skejl 9;;6. Miti he ^L^ usl wis gkrst

jhccljtlm ke 4>>7.


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;

Clksbìekisks

Clksbìekisks ks i pirisktkj mkslisl sprlim th buìestbrhufb tbl dktl hg kegljtlm siem gckls. ]bl twh `hstjh``he ghr`s irl jutielhus, wbkjb prhmujls sakeshrls, iem vksjlric, wbkjb iggljts ketlreic hrfies sujbis tbl spclle, ckvlr, iem dhel ìrrhw.

Ke 4>99, tblrl wlrl twh jisls hg clksbìekisksrlphrtlm grh` îeiì.

@icirki

]bl hvlricc ritl hg ìcirki i`hef Whcuetllrs ke 4>99wis 4.< jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs ke 4>99 (49= jisls).]bks ritl rlìkes uejbieflm grh` 4>9>.

]bl ritl hg ìcirki bis mljrlislm ie ivlrifl hg = plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>.

Tlfkheiccy, Igrkji jhetkeuls th lxplrklejl tbl `hstjisls hg ìcirki (;; plrjlet1 499 jisls). Lkfbtllejhuetrkls ke Igrkji rlphrtlm ìcirki jisls1 bhwlvlr,slvle jhuetrkls (Dleke, Ji`lrhhe, Fbiei, @ick,]hfh, \fiemi, iem _i`dki) ijjhuetlm ghr 67 plrjlet(97= jisls). ]hfh iem _i`dki rlphrtlm skfekgkjietkejrlisls ke tbl ritl hg ìcirki i`hef Whcuetllrs ke4>99. ]bl ritl hg ìcirki kejrlislm 44> plrjlet ke]hfh, grh` =.; jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs (< jisls) ke

4>9> th 9> W] ylirs (97 jisls) ke4>99. Murkef tbl si`l tk`l plrkhm, _i`dki rlphrtlm W] ylirs),rlprlsletkef i =2 plrjlet kejrlisl ke jisls skejl 4>9>(:; jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs).

]brll prlsu`ptkvl jisls hg ìcirki wlrl rlphrtlm

grh` KI^.Hg tbl 499 ìcirki kegljtkhes i`hef IgrkjiWhcuetllrs, :; plrjlet (24 jisls) wlrl jhegkr`lm

^cis`hmku` gicjkpiru` , > W] ylirs ke 4>99 (24 jisls). ]bks ritl bismljrlislm ie ivlrifl hg < plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>.

Ietkìcirkic jbl`hprhpbycixks

]bl LZZ trijas tbl eu`dlr hg Whcuetllrs tiakef chef-tlr` ietkìcirkic jbl`hprhpbycixks lijb ̀ hetb.Zbhrt-tlr` usl, mlgkelm is clss tbie :> miys (l.f., ghrtrivlc), ks eht rljhrmlm.


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9>

]bl ivlrifl ylircy lstkìtl ks i `lisurl tbit kejcumlstbl eu`dlr hg Whcuetllrs slrvkef ke i ylir iem tblmuritkhe hg tk`l tbly wlrl tiakef jbl`hprhpbycixks1

dhtb `lisurls irl uslm ke jicjucitkef tbl ivlrifleu`dlr hg Whcuetllrs tiakef iey ietk-ìcirkijbl`hprhpbycixks. Ghr lxi`pcl, kg plrjlet hgWhcuetllrs thha jbl`hprhpbycixks ghr tbl wbhcl ylirhr kg 9>> plrjlet hg Whcuetllrs thha kt ghr bicg hg tblylir, dhtb kestiejls whucm prhmujl ie ivlrifl ylircylstkìtl hg plrjlet. ]bl ivlrifl ylircy lstkìtl ks`hst ijjuritl kg tbl eu`dlr hg Whcuetllrs ke i jhuetryrlìkes stidcl tbrhufbhut tbl ylir.

Ke 4>99, 99, i`hef tbl 49= Whcuetllrs wbh wlrlmkifehslm wktb ìcirki, W] ylirs,rlspljtkvlcy. ]bl mkgglrlejls dltwlle tblsl tbrll ritlswlrl eht stitkstkjiccy skfekgkjiet, is sbhwe dy tblkrhvlrcippkef ;< plrjlet jhegkmlejl ketlrvics.

Whcuetllrs he jbchrhqukel mkm eht rlphrt iey jisls hgìcirki ke 4>99.

Zjbksthsh`kisks jisls iem ietkdhmkls

Zjbksthsh`kisks ks i pirisktkj mkslisl jiuslm dygcitwhr`s tbit pleltritl tbl sake hg plhpcl wbh swk`hr wiml ke jheti`keitlm witlr. @iey sjbksthsh`kiskskegljtkhes irl isy`pthìtkj. Ijutl iem jbrhekjkegljtkhes jie prhmujl prhfrlsskvl miìfl th tbl

dcimmlr, urltlrs, iem akmelys (urkeirysjbksthsh`kisks), is wlcc is prhfrlsskvl lecirfl`lethg tbl ckvlr iem spclle, wktb ketlstkeic miìfl iembyplrtleskhe hg tbl idmh`keic dchhm vlsslcs(ketlstkeic sjbksthsh`kisks).


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99

Ke 9;;2, tbl ^lijl Jhrps kestktutlm uekvlrsicsjbksthsh`kisks ietkdhmy sjrllekef ghr Whcuetllrsjh`pcltkef slrvkjl ke leml`kj irlis (mlsjrkdlm ke]ljbekjic Fukmlckel 2).

]blrl wlrl slvle jisls hg sjbksthsh`kisks iem 67 phsktkvl ietkdhmy rlphrts ke 4>99. Jisls hgsjbksthsh`kisks wlrl mkstrkdutlm i`hef Whcuetllrs kegkvl jhuetrkls ke tbl Igrkji rlfkhe. Ghrty-gkvl plrjlethg tbl phsktkvl ietkdhmy jisls wlrl grh` Aleyi (49jisls, 42 plrjlet) iem \fiemi (9: jisls, 96 plrjlet).

]bl jisls hg sjbksthsh`kisks i`hef Whcuetllrs bivlkejrlislm dy 9> plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>. ^rkhr th4>>7, sjbksthsh`kisks jisls iem phsktkvl ietkdhmklswlrl rlphrtlm ke i jh`dkelm jitlfhry.

Zlxuiccy tries`kttlm mkslisls, ehe-BKW

Ke 4>99, :4< jisls hg slxuiccy tries`kttlm mkslisls(Z]Ms) wlrl rlphrtlm i`hef Whcuetllrs, rlprlsletkefi ritl hg :.6 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]bks ritl mhlseht kejcuml BKW hr tbl htblr fyeljhchfkjic jhemktkhesrlphrtlm ke tbl LZZ. Zkejl 4>>>, tbks ritl biskejrlislm ie ivlrifl hg 4 plrjlet plr ylir.

Kegljtkhes hg dijtlrkic ltkhchfy rlprlsletlm 99.Ghrty-lkfbt plrjlet wlrl hg vkric hrkfke. Dijtlrkic

Z]Ms kejcuml sypbkcks, fhehrrbli, jbci`ymki, iemjbiejrhkm. Wkric Z]Ms kejcuml flektic blrpls iembuìe pipkcchìvkrus.

Ie kejrlisl ke Z]M ritls rlprlslets ie kejrlisl ke tblrksa ghr BKW kegljtkhe, jlrtike jiejlrs, blirt mkslisl,iem keglrtkckty i`hef htblr jh`pckjitkhes. Kemkvkmuicswktb ie Z]M kegljtkhe irl `hrl susjlptkdcl th BKWkegljtkhe. ]bl kejrlisl ke Z]M kegljtkhe i`hefWhcuetllrs skfeics ie hpphrtuekty ghr k`prhvlm iemjhetkeulm jhueslckef th hjjur iem ghr prlvletkvl`lisurls th dl k`pcl`letlm th rlmujl blictb rksasgrh` ketkìtl dlbivkhr.

]udlrjuchsks

]udlrjuchsks rlìkes i climkef jiusl hg mlitbwhrcmwkml. Lircy mltljtkhe hg kegljtkhe iem

prlvletkhe hg ijtkvl tudlrjuchsks irl lssletkic thrlmujkef tbl `hrtickty rksa grh` tbks mkslisl. ]bl kmlicwiy th ijbklvl tblsl fhics ks th lstidcksb i sjrllekef

prhfri`.

Lktblr i purkgklm prhtlke mlrkvitkvl (^^M) sake tlst hrie ketlrglrhe-fi`ì rlclisl issiy (KFTI) dchhm tlstks uslm th mltljt lxphsurl th tudlrjuchsks. KFTI tlstsirl rlcitkvlcy lxpleskvl iem irl eht plrghr`lm dy icccidhrithrkls.

Kg ie kemkvkmuic bis dlle lxphslm th sh`lhel wktbijtkvl tudlrjuchsks kegljtkhe, tbl ^^M sake tlst hrKFTI wkcc dl rlim is phsktkvl. I –^^M jhevlrtlr‐ ks i

plrshe wbh bis bim i elfitkvl tudlrjuchsks sjrllekeftlst ke tbl pist iem ehw bis i phsktkvl tudlrjuchskssjrllekef tlst1 tbks kemkjitls citlet tudlrjuchskskegljtkhe. ^^M jhevlrtlrs irl it kejrlislm rksa ghrmlvlchpkef ijtkvl tudlrjuchsks iem ̀ ust rljlkvltudlrjuchsks jbl`hprhpbycixks trlit`let th ̀ kek`kzltbks rksa.

Whcuetllrs irl tlstlm ghr tudlrjuchsks wktb tbl ^^Msake tlst murkef tbl ippckjitkhe prhjlss, it jchsl hg


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slrvkjl, iem igtlr iey skfekgkjiet lxphsurl. Kekemkvkmuic jisls, mlplemkef he jhuetry jipidkcktkls, ieKFTI tlst `iy dl utkckzlm.

Ke 4>99, 67 Whcuetllrs wlrl mkifehslm wktb citlettudlrjuchsks dy uskef ^^M tlsts. ]bl ritl hgtudlrjuchsks sake tlst jhevlrskhes i`hef Whcuetllrs

kejrlislm dy = plrjlet grh` 4>9> th 4>99 (>.2 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs ke 4>9> jh p̀irlm th >.; jisls plr9>> W] ylirs ke 4>99).

Ghr tbl sljhem ylir ke i rhw, tbl Igrkji rlfkherlphrtlm i mljrlisl ke ^^M jhevlrskhe ritl, grh` >.7th >.= jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs (96 jisls th 9: jisls).]bl KI^ iem L@I rlfkhes rlphrtlm keskfekgkjietkejrlisls ke ^^M jhevlrskhe ritls murkef tbl si`ltk`l plrkhm.

]bl hvlricc ivlrifl ritl hg ^^M jhevlrskhes bismljrlislm dy : plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>.

Ke 4>99, tblrl wis hel jisl hg ijtkvl tudlrjuchsksi`hef Whcuetllrs. Zkejl 4>>>, i thtic hg 9> jisls hgijtkvl tudlrjuchsks bivl dlle rlphrtlm. Zkx hg tbl 9>tudlrjuchsks jisls wlrl grh` tbl Igrkji rlfkhe.

Wijjkel-prlvletidcl mkslislsI vijjkel-prlvletidcl mkslisl ks mlgkelm is ijhemktkhe ghr wbkjb i prlvletkvl vijjkel ks ivikcidcl.

Ke 4>99, tblrl wlrl 9> jisls hg vijjkel-prlvletidclmkslisls rlphrtlm i`hef Whcuetllrs. ]bks kevhcvlm skxjisls hg typbhkm, tbrll jisls hg blpitktks I, iem heljisl hg virkjlcci zhstlr.

Ke 4>99, tblrl wlrl twh jisls hg typbhkm i`hefJi`lrhhe Whcuetllrs, twh jisls ke @lxkjh, iem heljisl lijb grh` @kjrhelski iem tbl ^bkckppkels.

Ehek eg ljtkhus jhemktkhes

Icjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl̀ s

Icjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`s kejcuml iey kejkmlet kewbkjb dlbivkhr ks ictlrlm hr k`pikrlm mul th icjhbhckethxkjitkhe. ]blsl kejcuml kejkmlets hdslrvlm dystigg, Whcuetllrs, hr iey rlckidcl shurjl.

Grh` 4>9> ‚ 4>99, tbl ritl hg icjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`skejrlislm dy ; plrjlet, grh` >.; th 9.> rlphrts plr 9>>W] ylirs (6: th 2; rlphrtlm prhdcl`s.)

Murkef tbl plrkhm hg 4>>4 ‚ 4>99, tbl ritl hg icjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`s i`hef Whcuetllrs mljrlislm ieivlrifl hg 7 plrjlet plr ylir. Grh` 4>>> ‚ >4, tbl ritlkejrlislm dy 9> plrjlet plr ylir.


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9:

Grh` 4>9> th 4>99, tbl ritl hg icjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`s rlìkelm rlcitkvlcy uejbieflm ke tbl tbrllrlfkhes. ]bl ritls hg rlphrtlm icjhbhc-rlcitlm kejkmletskejrlislm ke tbl Igrkji iem KI^ rlfkhes, grh` >.; th9.> jisls iem >.6 th 9.4 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs,rlspljtkvlcy. ]blrl wis i sckfbt mljrlisl ke rlphrtlmicjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`s ke tbl L@I rlfkhe, grh` 9.:th >.; jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]blsl jbiefls wlrlstitkstkjiccy skfekgkjiet.

Istbì

Istbì ks mlgkelm is ie istbì ittija ke i elwcymkifehslm istbìtkj hr ie lxijlrditkhe ke i aehweistbìtkj. ]bl ritl hg istbì rlphrtlm murkef 4>9> th4>99 wis 4.9 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]bks ritl biskejrlislm ie ivlrifl hg = plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>.

Grh` 4>9> ‚ 4>99, tbl istbì ritl i`hef Whcuetllrske tbl Igrkji rlfkhe kejrlislm dy 4> plrjlet, grh` 9.>th 9.4 plr 9>> W] ylirs (4; th => jisls). ]bks wis multh ie kejrlisl ke tbl eu`dlr hg jhuetrkls rlphrtkefistbì, (grh` 9: th 96 jhuetrkls), ritblr tbie grh` iekejrlisl ke tbl istbì ritl hg iey pirtkjucir jhuetry.

]bl L@I iem KI^ rlfkhes bim eh skfekgkjiet jbieflke tblkr ritls hg istbì i`hef Whcuetllrs.

Jirmkhvisjucir prhdcl`s

Jirmkhvisjucir prhdcl`s kejcuml jhemktkhes rlcitlm thtbl blirt iem dchhm vlsslcs is mltlr`kelm dy tbl^J@H hr iehtblr blictb jirl prhglsskheic.

]bl ritl hg jirmkhvisjucir prhdcl`s i`hefWhcuetllrs wis >.; prhdcl`s plr 9>> W] ylirs ke4>99. ]bks ritl bis mljrlislm ie ivlrifl hg 7 plrjlet

plr ylir skejl 4>>>.


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]bl ritl hg rlphrtlm jirmkhvisjucir prhdcl`s ke 4>99wis sk`kcir th 4>9> ritls ijrhss icc rlfkhes. ]blIgrkji rlfkhe rlphrtlm >.4 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs (2jisls), L@I rlphrtlm 9.7 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs (=9jisls), iem KI^ rlphrtlm >.; jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs(47 jisls).

Jhcphsjhpkls, ke-jhuetryJhcphsjhpy ks i `lmkjic prhjlmurl uslm th mkifehsltbl jiusl hg idehrìc pip s`lirs ke wh`le. Ke 4>>2,tbl eu`dlr hg ke-jhuetry jhcphsjhpkls plrghr`lm wistrijalm ghr tbl gkrst tk`l.

^J@Hs ùst jhuet iem rlphrt iey jhcphsjhpy plrghr`lm ke tbl Whcuetllr‛s jhuetry hg slrvkjl it ijckekj, bhspktic, hr gijkckty iutbhrkzlm dy `lmkjic stiggghr tbl mkifehsks iem/hr trlit`let hg i fyeljhchfkjicjhemktkhe.

Jhcphsjhpkls plrghr`lm ke iehtblr jhuetry hr rlfkhes

(l.f., Whcuetllrs `lmlvijlm th iehtblr jhuetry ghrtbks prhjlmurl) irl eht rlphrtlm ke tbks jitlfhry.

I thtic hg =4 jhcphsjhpkls wlrl plrghr`lm ke 4>99.]bks rlprlslets i skfekgkjiet kejrlisl ke tbl ritl hgjhcphsjhpkls plrghr`lm ke-jhuetry grh` 4>9> th4>99, wktb i jbiefl ke ritl grh` >.= th >.<jhcphsjhpkls plr 9>> W] ylirs (:= th =4jhcphsjhpkls). ]bl L@I rlfkhe rlphrtlm i skfekgkjietkejrlisl ke tbl ritl hg ke-jhuetry jhcphsjhpkls, grh`>.= th >.6 prhjlmurls plr 9>> W] ylirs. Bhwlvlr,ritls ke tbl Igrkji iem KI^ rlfkhes rlìkelm jhestiet.

Mletic prhdcl`s

Mletic kssuls kejcuml icc mletic iem plrkhmheticjhemktkhes lvicuitlm dy i mletkst hr htblr blictb jirl

prhglsskheic. Ghcchw-up vkskts ghr i skefcl prhdcl` hrrhutkel jcliekefs irl eht kejcumlm.

Mletic prhdcl`s rlìke tbl tbkrm `hst rlphrtlmjhemktkhe i`hef Whcuetllrs, wktb ie hvlricc ritl hg9;.; prhdcl`s plr 9>> W] ylirs ke 4>99. ]bks ritl bismljrlislm dy < plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>W] ylirs ke 4>9> th 4.< jhejlres plr 9>> W] ylirs ke4>99. Murkef tbks plrkhm, Igrkji wis tbl hecy rlfkheth phst ie kejrlisl ke tbl ritl hg levkrhe`leticjhejlres, grh` >.; th 9.4 jhejlres plr 9>> W] ylirs.Tlphrts hg levkrhe`letic jhejlres bivl mljrlislm ieivlrifl hg = plrjlet plr ylir.


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9<

Keourkls, ueketletkheic

\eketletkheic keourkls irl rlphrtlm kg tbly rlqukrl`lmkjic lvicuitkhe hr trlit`let dy tbl ^J@H hr htblrblictb jirl prhglsskheic.

]bks jitlfhry kejcumls plmlstrkie keourkls, dkjyjcl-rlcitlm keourkls, ̀ hthrjyjcl-rlcitlm keourkls, ̀ hthrvlbkjcl-rlcitlm keourkls, witlr-rlcitlm keourkls, sphrts-rlcitlm keourkls, iem –htblr‐ keourkls. –Htblr‐ keourklskejcuml giccs, dures, iekìc dktls, phkshekef, juts,idriskhes, iem puejturl whuems eht rlcitlm th sphrts,witlr, hr vlbkjcls.

]bl hvlricc ueketletkheic keoury ritl ke 4>99 wis 97.6keourkls plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]bks ritl bis eht jbieflmskfekgkjietcy grh` tbl 4>>; iem 4>9> rlphrts, (9> W] ylirs, rlspljtkvlcy). ]bl bkfblstkejkmlejl hg ueketletkheic keourkls hjjurrlm ke tbl KI^rlfkhe (9;.2 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs), ghcchwlm dyL@I (97.;) iem Igrkji (9:.;).

]bl ritl hg ueketletkheic keourkls kejrlislm : plrjlet plr ylir grh` 4>>> ‚ 4>>: iem tble mljrlislm 7 plrjlet plr ylir grh` 4>>: ‚ 4>99.

Zkejl 4>>>, Igrkji bis rlphrtlm tbl chwlst eu`dlr hgueketletkheic keourkls dy rlfkhe.

I`hef tbl 9,==7 ueketletkheic keourkls rlphrtlm ke4>99,

plrjlet, iem dkjyjcl ijjkmlets < plrjlet. ]blrlìkemlr jheskstlm hg `hthr vlbkjcl ijjkmlets (< plrjlet), witlr-rlcitlm ijjkmlets (4 plrjlet), iem`hthrjyjcl ijjkmlets (9 plrjlet).

Grh` 4>9> th 4>99, tbl ritl hg plmlstrkie keourklskejrlislm grh` 9.: th 9.6 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs (9>:th 9=6 jisls).

Grh` 4>9> th 4>99, tbl ritl hg `hthr vlbkjcl keourklsi`hef Whcuetllrs kejrlislm dy 4> plrjlet, grh` .6 th >.2 jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs).]bks kejrlisl wis slle ke tbl Igrkji iem KI^ rlfkhes.

]bl ritl hg `hthrjyjcl keourkls rlìkes chw jh`pirlmth htblr triggkj-rlcitlm keourkls (dkjyjcl, `hthr vlbkjcl,`hthrjyjcl, iem plmlstrkie).


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Keourkls, Icjhbhc-rlcitlm

Keourkls, icjhbhc-rlcitlm ks i jitlfhry ketrhmujlm ke4>>2. I mlskfeitkhe hg –icjhbhc-rlcitlm keoury ‐ ks`iml ghr iey keoury isshjkitlm wktb rlphrtlm icjhbhc

usl dy i Whcuetllr hr trikell tbit rlqukrls lvicuitkheiem/hr trlit`let dy i blictb jirl prhglsskheic.

Ke 4>99, tblrl wlrl 4: jisls hg rlphrtlm icjhbhc-rlcitlm keourkls. ]bl ritl hg >.: jisls plr 9>> W]ylirs ks sk`kcir th 4>9>.

@letic blictb kssuls

I `letic blictb kssul ks i hel-he-hel mksjusskhe (ke plrshe hr dy tlclpbhel) wktb i JH\ jhueslchr,^J@H, hr htblr `letic blictb prhglsskheic rlfirmkefsujb gijthrs is mlprlsskhe, prhdcl`s wktbketlrplrsheic rlcitkhesbkps, rlijtkhes th strlss, iemchelckelss.

]blrl wis ie kejrlisl ke tbl eu`dlr hg rlphrtlm`letic blictb kssuls ke 4>99. Grh` 4>9> th 4>99, tblritl hg `letic blictb kssuls kejrlislm dy < plrjlet,grh` 92.9 th 9;.9 kssuls plr 9>> W] ylirs (9,:;; th9,7>> th 4>99.

]bl Hggkjl hg Whcuetllr Zupphrt mltlr`kels wbltblrie ippckjiet ks `lmkjiccy quickgklm ghr slrvkjl iemkmletkgkls jhuetry-spljkgkj rlshurjls tbit wkcc icchwippckjiets wktb jhemktkhes rlqukrkef ijjh``hmitkheth slrvl siglcy iem lggljtkvlcy. ]bks ks rlglrrlm th is ieijjh``hmitlm jhemktkhe.

I`hef tbl 9,799, :7 plrjlet (2 jisls) wlrlrljurrlejls hg ijjh``hmitlm jhemktkhes, iem tblrl`ikekef


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prhdcl`s, dlbivkhric prhdcl`s, hr htblr `letic blictbjhemktkhes. Keghrìtkhe he JH\ `letic blictb jhesuctitkhes wis gkrst kejcumlm ke ]bl Blictb hg tblWhcuetllr 4>>6 rlphrt.

I`hef tbl 9,799, tblrl wlrl :46 tlclpbhel jhesuctitkhes

jhemujtlm dy JH\, ijjhuetkef ghr i ritl hg :.2jhesuctitkhes plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]blrl wlrl =< ke-

plrshe jhesuctitkhes dy JH\ it ^lijl Jhrpsblimquirtlrs, rlprlsletkef i ritl hg >.< jhesuctitkhes

plr 9>> W] ylirs.

@hst hg tbl tlclpbhel jhesuctitkhes wlrl ghr iexklty(94) hg tbl pbhel jhesuctitkhes.

]bl ̀ iohrkty hg ke-plrshe blimquirtlrs jhesuctitkheswlrl ghr ^]ZM hr htblr ijutl strlss (9:, 4; plrjlet).Htblr `letic blictb jhemktkhes (99, 4= plrjlet),iexklty (99, 4< plrjlet), iem mlprlsskhe (9>, 44

plrjlet) wlrl slle clss grlquletcy.

Elw ijjh``hmitlm jhemktkhes

Elw ijjh``hmitlm jhemktkhes irl ijjh``hmitkhesìml it phst dy tbl ^J@H. ]blrl wlrl 46 elwijjh``hmitlm jhemktkhes rlphrtlm? lkfbt grh` KIêkel grh` L@I, iem 9> grh` Igrkji.

^rlfeiejy

Ke 4>99, tblrl wlrl :7 prlfeiejkls i`hef glìclWhcuetllrs ghr i ritl hg >.6 prlfeiejkls plr 9>>glìcl W] ylirs. ]bks ritl bis mljrlislm ie ivlriflhg = plrjlet plr ylir skejl 4>>>.


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92

Z l v lr l h u t j h ` l s

@lmlvijs

@lmkjic lvijuitkhes (`lmlvijs) kejcuml icc `lmkjiclvijuitkhes th i tbkrm jhuetry wble i Whcuetllr‛skccelss hr keoury rlqukrls lvicuitkhe hr trlit`let eht

ivikcidcl ke tbl Whcuetllr‛s jhuetry hg slrvkjl .Whcuetllrs ìy dl `lmlvijlm `hrl tbie hejl hr tblsi`l Whcuetllr ìy dl `lmlvijlm th i rlfkheicjletlr iem tble th tbl \.Z. Ke tblsl kestiejls, lijb hgtbl `lmlvijs bis dlle jhuetlm slpiritlcy.

]bl hvlricc `lmlvij ritl ke 4>99 wis =.; lvijuitkhes plr 9>> W] ylirs. ]bks ritl bis rlìkelm uejbieflmskejl 4>9>. @lmlvijs th rlfkheic jletlrs bim i ritl hg4.= lvijuitkhes plr 9>> W] ylirs, wbkcl `lmlvijs thtbl \.Z. bim i ritl hg 4.< lvijuitkhes plr 9>> W]ylirs.

Zkejl 4>9>, tbl ritl hg `lmlvijs th tbl \.Z. bissurpisslm tbl ritl hg `lmlvijs th rlfkheic jletlrs. Ke4>99, tblrl wlrl 49; `lmlvijs th tbl \.Z. jh`pirlmth 49> `lmlvijs th rlfkheic jletlrs (4.< \.Z.`lmlvijs th 4.= rlfkheic `lmlvijs plr 9>> W]ylirs).

Hg =4; `lmlvijs ke 4>99, ) hg icc `lmlvijs. I`hefrlfkheic `lmlvijs, `hst wlet th Zhutb Igrkji (:=

plrjlet), ]bikciem (9; plrjlet), îeiì (99 plrjlet),hr Zlelfic (9> plrjlet). Htblr `lmlvij sktls kejcumlm@hrhjjh, Elw _liciem, Gkok, tbl ^bkckppkels,Zkefiphrl, Griejl, iem Lefciem.

Ke-jhuetry bhspktickzitkhes

Ke 4>99, tbl ritl hg ke-jhuetry bhspktickzitkhes ghrWhcuetllrs wis :.; bhspktickzitkhes plr 9>> W] ylirs.]bks ritl bis mljrlislm ie ivlrifl hg : plrjlet plrylir skejl 4>>>.

]bl KI^ rlfkhe rlphrtlm tbl frlitlst eu`dlr hgbhspktickzitkhes wktb i ritl hg > W] ylirs(97= bhspktickzitkhes). ]bl Igrkji iem L@I rlfkhesbim ke-jhuetry bhspktickzitkhe ritls hg :.4 iem 4.7jisls plr 9>> W] ylirs (9>7 iem 72 bhspktickzitkhes),rlspljtkvlcy.

Ke-slrvkjl mlitbs

Gkvl Whcuetllrs mklm wbkcl slrvkef ke jiclemir ylir4>99. ]wh Whcuetllrs ke @hzi`dkqul iem helWhcuetllr ke îrifuiy mklm ke i `hthr vlbkjcl

ijjkmlet, hel Whcuetllr ke Jbkei mklm grh`rlspkrithry irrlst, iem i Whcuetllr ke Ohrmie mklm grh`jh`pckjitkhes hg jiejlr.


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9;

^r l- ie m ̂ hst-slrvkjl

^rl-slrvkjl ijjh``hmitkhes

]bl Hggkjl hg @lmkjic Zlrvkjls isslssls icc ^lijl

Jhrps ippckjiets kemkvkmuiccy th lvicuitl tblkr pbyskjic iem `letic jipijkty th plrghr` tbl lssletkicguejtkhes hg i ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllr. Vktbrlisheidcl ijjh``hmitkhe, Whcuetllrs `ust dl idclth plrghr` tblsl guejtkhes wktbhut uemul mksruptkhemul th blictb prhdcl`s. H@Z mltlr`kels wbltblr ieippckjiet ks `lmkjiccy quickgklm ghr ^lijl Jhrpsslrvkjl iem kmletkgkls jhuetry-spljkgkj rlshurjls tbitwkcc icchw ippckjiets wktb jhemktkhes rlqukrkefijjh``hmitkhe th slrvl siglcy iem lggljtkvlcy.

]bl `lmkjic ijjh``hmitkhe prhfri` wktbke H@Z`ials mljkskhes rlfirmkef ippckjiets wktb spljkic

`lmkjic hr sktl-pcijl`let ellms. ]bl `lmkjic prl-slrvkjl tli` iem/hr tbl `lmkjic ijjh``hmitkhejhhrmkeithr rlvklw icc ippckjiets wbh bivl spljkic`lmkjic ellms hr rlqukrl spljkic sktl pcijl`let.Ippckjiets wktb jhemktkhes rlqukrkef spljkic ̀ lmkjic`hekthrkef (k.l., dlyhem rhutkel jirl) irl jclirlm dytbl prl-slrvkjl tli` ghr jhuetrywkml slrvkjl kejhuetrkls tbit jie supphrt sujb ̀ hekthrkef. Ippckjietswktb jhemktkhes tbit rlqukrl i spljkgkj flhfripbkjchjitkhe hr rlqukrl prhxk`kty th ie urflet-jirl`lmkjic gijkckty hr htblr jirl irl jclirlm ghr sktl-spljkgkj slrvkjl dy tbl `lmkjic ijjh``hmitkhe

jhhrmkeithr. ]bks prhjlss kejcumls jhesuctitkhe i`heftbl H@Z iem ^lijl Jhrps stigg it phsts.

Ke 4>99, tblrl wlrl 4,>>> ijjh``hmitkhes, rlsuctkefke i ritl hg 4:.9 ijjh``hmitkhes plr 9>> W] ylirs.]bks ritl bis dlle kejrliskef ie ivlrifl hg 9: plrjlet

plr ylir skejl 4>>9.

]bl `hst jh``he ijjh``hmitkhes ke 4>99 wlrl psyjbhtrhpkj `lmkjitkhe `hekthrkef (2D), wktb


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4>

plrjlet), iem keoury iem phkshekef (24 jcik`s, 9= plrjlet). Zkxty-ekel jcik`s wlrl gkclm ghr `leticmkshrmlrs (94 plrjlet).

Murkef tbl 4>99 jiclemir ylir, tbl ^lijl Jhrps pikm$9:,>96 ghr Whcuetllr jcik`s ijjlptlm dy tblMlpirt`let hg Cidhr. ]blrl bis dlle i 7 plrjlet plrylir kejrlisl ke piy`lets skejl 4>>=.


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49

Ipplemkx D? ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs dy Jhuetrkls iem Tlfkhes, 4>99 †

Igrkji Lurhpl, @lmktlrrielie, &Iski (L@I)

Ketlr-I`lrkji & îjkgkj (KI^)

JhuetryWhcuetllr

[lirs JhuetryWhcuetllr

[lirs JhuetryWhcuetllr

[lirs

Dleke 99> Icdieki 22 Dlckzl 2:Dhtswiei 99: Ir`leki 9>= Jhch`dki 4:Durakei Gish 97: Izlrdikoie 94> Jhsti Tkji 9==Ji`lrhhe 966 Ducfirki 9=2 Mh`kekjie Tlpudckj 4>2Jipl Wlrml Ltbkhpki 994 Jbkei 9=7 Ietkfui iem Dirdumi Fbiei 9 Ohrmie 6= Zt. Aktts & ElvksClshtbh 72 Aiziabstie* 9:4 Zt. CujkiCkdlrki := Ayrfyz Tlpudckj ;> Zt. Wkejlet & tbl Frleimkels @imifisjir 9:= @ijlmheki 2> Ljuimhr 4>;@iciwk 9:7 @hcmhvi 94: Lc Zicvimhr 9:=@ick 927 @hefhcki 9:; Gkok Fuyiei 7; Ekflr * 7 Thìeki ;> Bhemuris 967Twiemi 9:6 ]bikciem 992 Oiìkji 79Zlelfic 44= ]ura`lekstie 4; @lxkjh 67Zklrri Clhel 74 \arikel =7> @kjrhelski & îciu =4Zhutb Igrkji 964 L@I ]htic 4,

† Miti is hg Zlptl`dlr :>, 4>99

* Jchslm ke 4>99

]htic Whcuetllr ylir eu`dlrs irl rhuemlm


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Ipplemkx J? ^lijl Jhrps Jhuetrkls wktb Leml`kj @icirki, dy Tlfkhe ke 4>99

IgrkjiJhuetry

Lurhpl, @lmktlrrielie, & Iski(L@I)Jhuetry

Ketlr-I`lrkji & îjkgkj(KI^)

JhuetryDleke Izlrdikoie Dlckzl

Dhtswiei Ji`dhmki Jhch`dkiDurakei Gish Jbkei Jhsti Tkji

Ji`lrhhe Flhrfki Mh`kekjie TlpudckjJipl Wlrml Kemhelski Ljuimhr

Ltbkhpki ^bkckppkels Lc ZicvimhrFbiei ]bikciem FuitlìciFukeli FuyieiAleyi BhemurisCkdlrki Oiìkji

@imifisjir @lxkjh@iciwk Ekjirifui

@ick îeiì@hzi`dkqul îrifuiy

Ei`kdki ^lru Ekflr Zurkei`l

Twiemi WieuituZlelfic

Zklrri ClhelZhutb Igrkji

Zwizkciem

]iezieki]bl Fi`dki

]hfh\fiemi_i`dki


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4:

Ipplemkx M? ]idcls

]idcl 9. Eu`dlr iem plrjlet hg prlsjrkdlm ietkìcirkic jbl`hprhpbycixks, dy ylir iem typl ” ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs (Igrkji rlfkhe hecy), 4>>> ‚ 99

[lir @lgchqukel MhxyjyjckelIthviquhel/prhfuiekc Htblr

Eh. * % Eh. % Eh. % Eh. %4>>> 9;62 22 4 - 6 394>>9 9;;= 26 46< 94 96 9 6 394>>4 9299 2< 46= 9: :6 4 : 394>>: 9;>> 6; =>: 96 24 : 7 394>>= 92=; 6: < 9677 64 >7 92:= 67 =;2 49 6: : 9 394>>6 4>:; 62 ; 9; 64 : 9 394>>2 9;; 9;96 6: 7:7 4= 29 : 9 394>9> 92:; 7; 6>9 47 944 < 9 39

4>99 4>66 7< ;:7 4; 96> < 4 39

* Ivlrifl eu`dlr prlsjrkdlm plr `hetb

]idcl 4? Eu`dlr iem plrjlet hg `lmkjic lvijuitkhes dy mlstkeitkhe ” ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs, 4>99

\.Z. TlfkheicChjitkhe Eh. % Chjitkhe Eh. %Visbkefthe, M.J. 994 6 =2.; Zlelfic 44 9>.<

]bikciem :; 92.7

îeiì 4= 99.=@hrhjjh 92 2.7

Elw _liciem 9> =.2Htblr* 4< 99.2

]htic \.Z. `lmlvijs 49; 9>> ]htic rlfkheic `lmlvijs 49> 9>>

* Kejcumls? Iustricki, Lefciem, Gkok, Griejl, @hrhjjh, Elw _liciem, tbl ^bkckppkels, iem Zkefiphrl


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4=

]idcl :? Eu`dlr iem plrjlet hg `lmkjic ijjh``hmitkhes dy jitlfhry ” ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs, 4>99

]idcl =? Eu`dlr iem kejkmlejl hg l̀mkjic ijjh``hmitkhes, dy ylir iem typl ” ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllrs, 4>>9 ‚ 4>99

4>99Ijjh``hmitkhe Eh. %^syjbhtrhpkj ̀ lmkjitkhe ̀ hekthrkef(2D) Istb`i 9=6 6.=F[E K\M 9=6 6.=Tirl Ijjh``hmitkhe 944 7.9Zblccgksb icclrfy 9>4 .:Lemhjrkehchfy 7 >.:\rhchfy < >.4Fistrhletlrhchfy 4 >.9^ZI 4 >.9]htic 4,>>> 9>>

^syjbhtrhpkj`lmkjitkhe`hekthrkef (2D) Istb`i @i``hfripby

HtblrIjjh``hmitkhe

]hticIjjh``hmitkhes

[lir Eh. Eh. Eh. Eh. Eh.4>>9 497 76 6; 46: 7:<4>>4 4 6;64>>: == ==< 9 9>2 9 94>=4>>< :=2 9=9 27 =:44>>7 4;; 9: >6 :=> 996 9 9:494>>2 4:> 99>2 4>2:4>>; 6 64; 979:4>9> 762 929 496 9>=> 49974>99 9 4>>>


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4<

]idcl


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47


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46


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42


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4;


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:>


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:9


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:4


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::


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:=


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:


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:7


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:6


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:2

Jh``he Ijrhey`s iem Mlgkektkhes2I ……………... ^rl-slrvkjl ijjh``hmitkhe ghr ke-jhuetry psyjbkitrkst2D ……………... ^rl-slrvkjl ijjh``hmitkhe ghr psyjbhtrhpkj `lmkjitkhe `hekthrkef

Ivf. …………… Ivlrifl

Jhcphsjhpy…… ^rhjlmurl uslm th mkifehsl jiusl hg ie idehrìc pip s`lir ke wh`leJH\………….. Jhueslckef iem Hutrlijb \ekt

M.J. …………… Visbkefthe, M.J.

Mleful ……….. Wkric mkslisl tries`kttlm dy `hsqukthls

L@I …………… Lurhpl, @lmktlrrielie, iem Iski rlfkheLZZ …………… Lpkml`khchfkj Zurvlkcciejl Zystl`

GLJI …………. Glmlric L`pchylls ‛ Jh`plesitkhe IjtGldrkcl kccelss…. Kccelss wktb i tl`plriturl hg it clist :2 mlfrlls Jlcskus (9>>.= mlfrlls Gibrleblkt)Gkcirkisks ……… Mkslisls jiuslm dy `kjrhsjhpkj, tbrlimckal whr`s

BKW……………. Buìe K`ùehmlgkjklejy Wkrus BHW …………… ]bl Blictb hg tbl Whcuetllr ieeuic rlphrtBY …………….. ^lijl Jhrps blimquirtlrs

KI^ …………….. Ketlr-I`lrkji iem tbl îjkgkj rlfkhe

Clksbìekisks ... îrisktkj mkslisl tries`kttlm dy siem gckls

@lmlvij ……… @lmkjic lvijuitkhe

Eh. …………….. Eu`dlr

H@Z …………... Hggkjl hg @lmkjic Zlrvkjls

^J@H ………… ^lijl Jhrps @lmkjic Hggkjlr^JW …………… ^lijl Jhrps Whcuetllr^L^ …………… ^hst lxphsurl prhpbycixks ghr BKW^^M …………… ûrkgklm prhtlke mlrkvitkvl tudlrjuchsks tlst^ZI …………… ^rhstitl spljkgkj ietkfle^]ZM …………. ^hst-triuìtkj strlss mkshrmlr

ZIM …………… Zlisheic iggljtkvl mkshrmlrZ]M …………… Zlxuiccy tries`kttlm mkslislZjbksthsh`kisks îrisktkj mkslisl jiuslm dy gcitwhr`s tbit pleltritl sake sud`lrflm ke jheti`keitlm witlr

]D ……………... ]udlrjuchsks]F …………….. ]ljbekjic fukmlckel

\.Z. …………… \ektlm Ztitls

W] ylirs ……… Whcuetllr-trikell ylirs


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Zudoljt KemlxIcjhbhc-rlcitlm prhdcl`s ................................................................................... 9:

Ietkìcirkic jbl`hprhpbycixks ......................................................................... 9>

Istbì ............................................................................................................... 9:

Jirmkhvisjucir prhdcl`s .................................................................................... 9:Jhcphsjhpkls, ke-jhuetry .................................................................................... 9=

Mleful ................................................................................................................. <

Mletic prhdcl`s ................................................................................................. 9=

Gldrkcl kccelss, htblr ............................................................................................. 7

Gkcirkisks ............................................................................................................... 7

Fistrhketlstkeic jhemktkhes ................................................................................... 6

Fyeljhchfkjic kegljtkhes, htblr ............................................................................ 2

Blpitktks ............................................................................................................... 2Bkfbckfbts ............................................................................................................. :

Buìe K`ùehmlgkjklejy Wkrus ......................................................................... 2

Ke-jhuetry bhspktickzitkhes ................................................................................. 92

Keourkls, icjhbhc-rlcitlm ...................................................................................... 97

Keourkls, ueketletkheic ......................................................................................... 9<

Ke-slrvkjl mlitbs ................................................................................................. 92

Ketrhmujtkhe .......................................................................................................... 4

Clksbìekisks ..................................................................................................... 9>

@icirki ................................................................................................................. ;

@lmlvijs ............................................................................................................ 92

@letic blictb jhesuctitkhes ................................................................................ 97

@letic blictb kssuls ........................................................................................... 97

Elw ijjh``hmitlm jhemktkhes................. ................. .................. ................. ..... 96

^hst-lxphsurl prhpbycixks ................................................................................... 2

^hst-slrvkjl jcik`s ............................................................................................. 9;

^rlfeiejy ........................................................................................................... 96

^rl-slrvkjl ijjh``hmitkhes .............................................................................. 9;

Zjbksthsh`kisks jisls iem ietkdhmkls ................................................................. 99

Zlxuiccy tries`kttlm mkslisls, ehe-BKW ............................................................ 99

]udlrjuchsks ....................................................................................................... 99

Wijjkel-prlvletidcl mkslisls ............................................................................. 94

Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2011 Annual Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2011

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Transcript of Peace Corps The Health of the Volunteer 2011 Annual Report of Volunteer Health Hov 2011