PAVEMENT

Lausanne 11.06.2003

Reference Group Meeting 1

PAVEMENTPAVEMENT

Work programmeWork programmeDenis François (LCPC)Denis François (LCPC)

Cliff Nicholls (TRL)Cliff Nicholls (TRL)

Erik Nielsen (DRI)Erik Nielsen (DRI)

Francisco Sinis (CEDEX)Francisco Sinis (CEDEX)

&&

Jean-Michel PIAU (LCPC)Jean-Michel PIAU (LCPC)

Lausanne 11.06.2003 Reference Group Meeting 2

PLAN OF PRESENTATIONPLAN OF PRESENTATION• IIntroductionntroduction

• General objective of SAMARIS Pavement projectGeneral objective of SAMARIS Pavement project• ContextContext• Overview of the technical programmeOverview of the technical programme

• Review of technical WP3 to WP6Review of technical WP3 to WP6• ObjectiveObjective• TasksTasks• DeliverablesDeliverables• (Q&A period)(Q&A period)

• ConclusionConclusion• BudgetBudget• Benefits of end-usersBenefits of end-users


PavementPavement - - IIntroductionntroductionGENERAL OBJECTIVEGENERAL OBJECTIVE• Sustainable Sustainable (and Advanced)(and Advanced) MAterials for MAterials for

Road InfraStructureRoad InfraStructure

• ObjectiveObjective• Anticipate the gAnticipate the greater use of recycled reater use of recycled materials materials

in pavement construction in pavement construction & maintenance & maintenance within the frame of Sustainable Development within the frame of Sustainable Development PolicyPolicy

• PPrepare the next generation of CEN standardsrepare the next generation of CEN standards

• Special attention given to the situation of Special attention given to the situation of Central Central EEuropean countriesuropean countries


PavementPavement - - IIntroductionntroductionGENERAL OBJECTIVEGENERAL OBJECTIVE

• Clarification Clarification ofof recycling policy recycling policy

• numerous materials and situationsnumerous materials and situations

sourcesourcess of materials of materials : road: road (in place/storage), (in place/storage), deconstructiondeconstruction, , demolitiondemolition, ,

waste (industrial) materials,…waste (industrial) materials,…

destination : subgradedestination : subgrade, , subbasesubbase, , wearingwearing course,course, pavement pavement shoulders…shoulders…, ,

low/high traffic roadslow/high traffic roads

process : cold/warm, process : cold/warm, fixed/mobile plant, fixed/mobile plant, bitumen/hydraulic binders…bitumen/hydraulic binders…

Various experiences from the different countries Various experiences from the different countries


PavementPavement - - IIntroductionntroductionCONTEXTCONTEXT

• 1) 1) Sustainable development policy Sustainable development policy (SDP) (SDP) cares for :cares for :

• Technical aspectsTechnical aspects• Environmental Environmental and health and health aspectsaspects• Economical aspectsEconomical aspects• Social aspectsSocial aspects


Pavement Pavement – – IIntroductionntroductionCONTEXTCONTEXT

• Adequacy between SDP and the re-use of Adequacy between SDP and the re-use of materials in Pavement construction & materials in Pavement construction & maintenance (PC&M)maintenance (PC&M)

Favourable conjonctural aspectsFavourable conjonctural aspects– PC&M needs PC&M needs high quantity of materialshigh quantity of materials– no need for “no need for “very highlyvery highly” performant materia” performant materialsls

Benefits of re-useBenefits of re-use– spare of natural materialsspare of natural materials– limitation of waste materials and waste disposallimitation of waste materials and waste disposal– possibility of economical savingspossibility of economical savings


Pavement Pavement - - IIntroductionntroductionCONTEXTCONTEXT

• But SDP also requires that recycling is:But SDP also requires that recycling is:• no detrimental to nature, especially to ground no detrimental to nature, especially to ground water (environmental aspects at long run)water (environmental aspects at long run)• no detrimental to human being, especially to no detrimental to human being, especially to workers during construction/maintenance phaseworkers during construction/maintenance phase (safety aspects)(safety aspects)• sufficiently performant from a technical point sufficiently performant from a technical point of view (durability of infrastructure, properties of of view (durability of infrastructure, properties of wearing course - skid resistance,…)wearing course - skid resistance,…)

Peculiar importance given to environmental, Peculiar importance given to environmental, safety and mechanical aspectssafety and mechanical aspects


Pavement Pavement - - IIntroductionntroductionCONTEXTCONTEXT

• 2) On-going work for European standardisation2) On-going work for European standardisation•Mandate 124,…Mandate 124,…

Important place given in SAMARIS to pre-Important place given in SAMARIS to pre-standardisation work (first or second generation of standardisation work (first or second generation of standards)standards)

• 3) Several previous international research projects 3) Several previous international research projects in the same areain the same area•ALT-MAT,Courage, Polmit, COST337,…ALT-MAT,Courage, Polmit, COST337,…

Important place given to litterature reviewImportant place given to litterature review


Pavement Pavement - - IIntroductionntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME

1)1) Assess the environmental risks linked to Assess the environmental risks linked to

infrastructures, built or reinforced with infrastructures, built or reinforced with alternative alternative materialsmaterials ; assess the performance of ; assess the performance of structures (durability) structures (durability) ((WP3, WP3, LCPC)LCPC)

2) Prepare the work for the introduction of 2) Prepare the work for the introduction of eenvironnvironmentalmental and safety and safety concerns in concerns in specifications of alternative materials, both specifications of alternative materials, both during the pavement construction/deconstruction during the pavement construction/deconstruction phase or during the service life (detection of phase or during the service life (detection of hazardous components); take into account the hazardous components); take into account the specific scenario of fires in tunnels specific scenario of fires in tunnels

((WP4, WP4, TRL)TRL)



3) Promote p3) Promote performance-based specerformance-based specifications, ifications, available « whatever » the materials, instead available « whatever » the materials, instead of formulation based on recipe of formulation based on recipe ((WP5, WP5, CEDEX)CEDEX)

• restricted in SAMARIS to the case of restricted in SAMARIS to the case of specification against permanent specification against permanent deformationdeformation

4) Clarify the international context of re-cycling ; 4) Clarify the international context of re-cycling ; provide up-dated information and provide up-dated information and recommendations about the techniques and recommendations about the techniques and applications of recyclingapplications of recycling

((WP6, WP6, DRI)DRI)



• WP3 : Assessment of WP3 : Assessment of alternative alternative materials materials (LCPC)(LCPC)• WP4 : Safety and environmental concerns in material WP4 : Safety and environmental concerns in material

specificationsspecifications (TRL)(TRL)• WP5 : Performance-based spec.WP5 : Performance-based spec. (CEDEX)(CEDEX)• WP6 : Techniques for recycling WP6 : Techniques for recycling (DRI)(DRI)

• WP2 for development, review of the programme, WP2 for development, review of the programme,

interrelation between WPsinterrelation between WPs• 17 partners17 partners


Pavement Pavement - Introduction- IntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME

• General features of the research programmeGeneral features of the research programme• Interrelation between WPsInterrelation between WPs

• Litterature reviewLitterature review

• Use of questionnaires (some to the reference group members)Use of questionnaires (some to the reference group members)

• Use of models Use of models

• Development of methodological toolsDevelopment of methodological tools

• SSharing & crossing haring & crossing of of the experience from the different countriesthe experience from the different countries

• Clustering with FORMATClustering with FORMAT technico-economical optimisation of recycling techniquestechnico-economical optimisation of recycling techniques

• Quality assurance frameQuality assurance frame : : internal/external review of production, internal/external review of production, reference reference

group,...group,...


Pavement Pavement - Introduction- IntroductionOVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNICAL PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME

• Main expected deliverMain expected deliverablesables• General methodology for the assessment of General methodology for the assessment of

functional, safety and environmental aspectsfunctional, safety and environmental aspects• Protocols to investigate hazardous components, Protocols to investigate hazardous components,

when re-using pavement materialswhen re-using pavement materials• Environmental annex to CEN products standardsEnvironmental annex to CEN products standards• Mechanical models and test methods for Mechanical models and test methods for

performance-based specificationsperformance-based specifications• Technical guides and recommendations for a Technical guides and recommendations for a

proper-use of recycling techniques in road proper-use of recycling techniques in road constructionconstruction


WP3 : AssessmentWP3 : Assessment for for alternative materialsalternative materials DDenis enis François -LCPCFrançois -LCPC

Main objective

• Develop an approach for the assessment of eco-compatibility and durability of alternative materials in road construction

• Task 3.1 : Task 3.1 : Review of regulation about Review of regulation about recycling, existing recycling, existing in different countriesin different countries (Europe, USA,…)(Europe, USA,…)

• Task 3.2 : Development of a Task 3.2 : Development of a methodology methodology for for the assessment of the assessment of alternative materials, based on use alternative materials, based on use scenarios scenarios

15Reference Group MeetingLausanne 11.06.2003

Complementary approaches

Road soil

Water table

Ecosystème

Soil roleMaterial mineralogy and chemistryHydrodynamics of materials

Diagnosis

Ageing

Synthesis: use scenarios

Local environment conditions

Material characteristics

Road structure characteristics

Constructive arrangements(adjustment var) Material geotechnics

16Reference Group MeetingLausanne 11.06.2003

MIOM Four à grille Four oscillant

Age (mois) 6 19 9 18

Dens. sèche 1.61 1.64 1.45 1.43

Ks (m/s) 6.1 10-5 3.2 10-4 7.2 10-5 1.9 10-5

(%)* 21-24 23-27 23-24 26-28R

A

A

B

-110

-90

-70

-50

-30

-10

6 7 8 9 10

pH

Pro

fond

eur

(cm

)

Référence R Tranchée A

Tranchée B Limite MIOM/sol

50m

A

C

P

G

verre

clino-pyroxène

plagio-clase

alliage

0,000

0,002

0,004

0,006

0,008

0,010

0,012

0,014

0,016

0 10 20 30 40

L/S (l/kg)

Hg

(mg/

kg)

MIOM mélange MIOM/grave -1mélange MIOM/grave -2 MIOM en couche+ grave

Examples

Ph’D subject (M. Bouvet) : Subgrade parameters having a specific role in the transport of polluants, issued from waste materials used in pavement construction


WP3 : AssessmentWP3 : Assessment for for alternative materialsalternative materials MATERIALS MATERIALS TO BE TO BE CONTEMPLATEDCONTEMPLATED

• MSWI (Municipal solid waste incinerator)MSWI (Municipal solid waste incinerator)• bottom ash, coal fly ashbottom ash, coal fly ash• crushed concrete (from building crushed concrete (from building and road and road

demolition)demolition)• blast oxygen furnace slag, electric arc blast oxygen furnace slag, electric arc

furnace slag, air cooled blast furnace furnace slag, air cooled blast furnace slag, granulated (vitrified) blast furnace slag, granulated (vitrified) blast furnace slagslag

• decontaminated soils.decontaminated soils.


WP3 : AssessmentWP3 : Assessment for for alternative materialsalternative materials DELIVERABLES DELIVERABLES

• Report on existing specific national Report on existing specific national regulations applied to material regulations applied to material recycling. recycling. ((December 2003December 2003))

• Report on the critical analysis of Report on the critical analysis of European texts European texts ((March 2004March 2004))

• Influent factors and their range of Influent factors and their range of variation in road applicationsvariation in road applications ( (March March 20042004))


WPWP44 : : Safety and Environmental Safety and Environmental Concerns in Material SpecificationsConcerns in Material Specifications

Cliff Nichols -TRLCliff Nichols -TRL

• Task 4.1 : Detection of hazardous components into materials before their re-use

• Task 4.2 : Reaction of pavement materials to fires (ex: asphalt materials & tunnels)

• Task 4.3 : Environmental annexes to CEN standard products



Task 4.1 : Detection of hazardous components into materials before their re-use• Materials creating either:

hazardous fines, when pulverised

hazardous fumes, when heated (mixing)

near or exceed flash point, during heating

risks of leaching, when in place (cf. WP3)

• Ex: tar, polymer in modified binders, abestos fibres,…

• Identification of a set of detection tests, candidate to standardisation

• Real implication on health, out of scope



Task 4.2 : Reaction of pavement materials to fires

• Objective : clarification of the need to investigate the reaction to fire of pavement materials ; define the appropriate testing procedures (mandate 124)

• EU demand following major incidents in tunnels

• Work in SAMARIS on traditionnal asphalt materials (highly porous or not, surface dressing, slurry surfacing,…)

• 2 phases, with milestone

• survey among authorities + litterature review

• If knowledge gaps identified, define means + development



Task 4.3 : Environmental annexes to CEN standard products

• Objective : prepare an environmental annex to CEN standard products

• Strongly interrelated with WP3

• Make pilot environmental studies on various type of materials


WPWP44 : : Safety and Environmental Safety and Environmental Concerns in Material SpecificationsConcerns in Material Specifications DELIVERABLES DELIVERABLES

• Task 4.1• Report on existing test methods for the detection of

hazardous components (December 2003)• Report on the test methods for the detection of hazardous

components (August 2005)• Task 4.2

• Report on the survey on road authorities positions with regards to reaction of pavement materials to fire (Feb.2004)

• Report on testing procedure for reaction to fire of pavement materials (June 2005)

• Task 4.3• Report on the environmental annex to road product standards

(September 2005)


WPWP55 : : Performance based Performance based SpecificationsSpecificationsErik Nielsen -DRIErik Nielsen -DRI

• Main objective

• Material design : evolve from a recipe approach to a performance based approach

• Pre-standardisation work

• Feasibility + methodology, rather than exhaustivity

Work mostly on classical pavement materials

Permanent deformation of unbound granular materials and asphalt materials


WPWP55 : : Performance based Performance based SpecificationsSpecificationsTASKSTASKS

• Task 5.2 : Permanent deformation of unbound materials : modelling and validation

• Task 5.3 : Rutting of bituminous pavements : modelling and validation

• Task 5.1 : Calibration and validation of material and structural models from full scale data

• Constitution of a database of well documented full scale testing (field or ALT)


WPWP55 : : Performance based Performance based SpecificationsSpecificationsGENERAL FEATURESGENERAL FEATURES

• Distinction beetween :

• Routine models

• Advanced models

• Research models (not fully addressed in SAMARIS)


WPWP55 : : Performance based Performance based SpecificationsSpecificationsDELIVERABLESDELIVERABLES

• Data base and report on reference full scale tests (April 2004)

• Report on models for prediction of permanent deformation of unbound granular materials in flexible pavement (April 2004)

• Report on models for prediction of rutting in bituminous surface layers (April 2004)

• Calibration and validation report for modelling of permanent deformation of unbound and bituminous materials in flexible pavements and recommendations for the definition of performance-based specifications (September 2005)


WPWP66 : : Techniques for RecyclingTechniques for RecyclingFrancisco Sinis – CEDEXFrancisco Sinis – CEDEX

• Main objective :

• provide up-dated information and recommendations about the techniques and applications of recycling

Task 6.1: To elaborate a technical guide on recycling techniques

Task 6.2: To review the situation on recycling in Central European countries.


WPWP66 : : Techniques for RecyclingTechniques for RecyclingMAIN FEATURESMAIN FEATURES

• Strongly interconnected with WP3Strongly interconnected with WP3• Materials of interest :Materials of interest :

• Municipal Solid Waste IncineratorMunicipal Solid Waste Incinerator • Steel SlagSteel Slag,, Blast Furnace SlagBlast Furnace Slag, Non-Ferrous slag, Non-Ferrous slag• Coal Fly AshCoal Fly Ash, , Coal Bottom AshCoal Bottom Ash • Mining Waste RockMining Waste Rock• Blast Furnace SlagBlast Furnace Slag• Ground GranulatedGround Granulated• Scrap TyresScrap Tyres• Waste GlassWaste Glass• Foundry SandFoundry Sand


WPWP66 : : Techniques for RecyclingTechniques for RecyclingDELIVERABLESDELIVERABLES

• Report on literature review on recycling Report on literature review on recycling of by-products in road construction in of by-products in road construction in EuropeEurope ( (DecDec. . 20032003))

• Report recommendations for mixing Report recommendations for mixing plants for recycling worksplants for recycling works ( (June 2004June 2004))

• Report on the situation on recycling in Report on the situation on recycling in Central European countriesCentral European countries ( (August August 20042004))

• Technical guide on techniques of Technical guide on techniques of recycling (September 2005recycling (September 2005))


PavementPavementCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• Budget Budget • 193 man-months, 1 631 000 Euros193 man-months, 1 631 000 Euros

• Expected benefits for road owners, road users, Expected benefits for road owners, road users,

research institutesresearch institutes• Co-ordination of actions, Co-ordination of actions, iimplementation, no mplementation, no

duplication of effort, association of CEE countriesduplication of effort, association of CEE countries• Assessment of the eco-compatibility of materials to be Assessment of the eco-compatibility of materials to be

re-used in road worksre-used in road works• Less problems of pollution.Less problems of pollution.

Better use of by-products and preservation of natural Better use of by-products and preservation of natural resourcesresources

• Increased safety at road workIncreased safety at road work; l; less health problems ess health problems with undetected hazardous components when recyclingwith undetected hazardous components when recycling


PavementPavementCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

• Expected benefits for road owners, road Expected benefits for road owners, road users, research institutesusers, research institutes• Performance-based specification for functional Performance-based specification for functional

properties of pavement materialsproperties of pavement materials for flexible for flexible pavements,bituminous surface layerspavements,bituminous surface layers

• Possibility to assess in a common way different Possibility to assess in a common way different types of materials including secondary types of materials including secondary materials and by-productsmaterials and by-products

• Reduction in cost of pavement works by the Reduction in cost of pavement works by the use of a larger range of materialsuse of a larger range of materials

• Technical guide on recycling techniquesTechnical guide on recycling techniques


• Further comments/questions :Further comments/questions :• [email protected]@lcpc.fr

PAVEMENT

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