Pavement Management Systems Pavement Preservation Pavement Rehabilitation Overview Dr. Nick Vitillo.

Pavement Management

Systems

Pavement Preservation

Pavement Rehabilitation

OverviewDr. Nick Vitillo

Statewide total: 37,595 centerline miles

NJ Road Network Mileage & Percentages

Pavement Engineering

Pavement Materials Classification, quality assurance testing (specifications), material design

Pavement Design Design of Structural layers for New Pavements and Pavement RehabilitationAssess in-situ pavement material properties and layer thickness

Pavement Construction

Construction practices of New Pavements and Pavement Rehabilitation including specification development and quality assurance

Pavement Management

Monitoring Post-construction condition, timing preventive preservation and rehabilitation treatments, and economic analysis of alternatives

Pavement Research Research to improve all of the above

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMOverview

DEFINITIONS

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT

"Pavement Management is a program for improving the quality and performance of pavements and minimizing costs through good management practices"

DEFINITIONS

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

"A Pavement Management System is a set of defined procedures for collecting, analyzing, maintaining, and reporting pavement data, to assist the decision makers in finding optimum strategies for maintaining pavements in serviceable condition over a given period of time for the least cost.“

A Pavement Management System (PMS) is designed to provide objective information and useful data for analysis so that road managers can make more consistent, cost-effective, and defensible decisions related to the preservation of a pavement network.

While a PMS cannot make final decisions, it can provide the basis for an informed understanding of the possible consequences of alternative decisions.

A PMS does NOT make decisions, Managers DO!

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMOverview

Pavements deteriorate over time due to traffic/use, environment, and aging

Poor road conditions increase vehicle owner costs $325–$700 annually (vehicle damage, tire wear, etc.)

National average is $333 per motorist totaling $67 billion per year

Poor road conditions are a contributing factor in many roadway accidents

According to some studies as much as 30% of crashes each year)

Good roads cost less… if maintained at a reasonable level of service if they receive proper preventative maintenance

Importance of Pavement Management

Preserving roads in good condition is key to maintaining the health of the State’s Pavement Network.

PMS LEVELS

NETWORKBIRD’S EYE VIEW OF NETWORK PAVEMENTS AS A WHOLE.STATEWIDE PAVEMENT CONDITION SUMMARYBUDGET ESTIMATEPERFORMANCE PREDICTION

• Establish network budget requirements• Allocate funds to network priorities• Schedule MR&R actions

PMS LEVELS

PROJECT

ASSIST DESIGNERS IN CONSTRUCTING, MAINTAINING, ORREHABILITATING A SECTION OF ROADWAYPAVEMENT PRESERVATIONRESURFACING OR RECONSTRUCTIONTREATMENTS OPTIONS ALONG THE PROJECT

Primary objective is to provide information for specific pavement segments:

• Preferred Maintenance Rehabilitation & Reconstruction MR&R for each project• MR&R costs• Expected MR&R performance.

CONCEPTS AND THEORIES

$

Sophistication

Data Collection

Analyses

Equipment

Maintenance

PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

Sophistication

St Info

St Nodes Age

Main BirchOak

8

Jones Main 3

Maps

Cards

Spreadsheets Computer Databases

Choosing What’s Right for YOU

PMS SUBSYSTEMS-PMS DATA

InventoryCondition - Pavement EvaluationHistory – Initial, Pavement Preservation, Routine Maintenance, Rehabilitation, and ReconstructionTraffic Costs

-MODELING - ANALYSISServiceability RatingPerformance Predictions Economic Analyses-Budgeting / Programming

-DATA MANAGEMENT Relational Databases Report Generation

PMS DATA

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

Support for PMS

Where are we Toto?

We’re not in Kansas anymore!!!

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

Linear Reference Systems

Mile Point

Mile Post

Reference Point

Reference Post

Link Node

Spatial Reference

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

MILE POSTS

START MP 0.0

MP 1.0

MP3.0

MP 5.0

MP7.0

0.0 2.5 4.5 5.75 7.25

MilePosts

1 2 3 4 5 6 70

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

MILE POSTS

START MP 0.0

MP 1.0

MP3.0

MP 5.0

MP7.0

Primary Direction

Secondary Direction

North & East

South & West

Length of Route in Primary Direction may be different than that in the Secondary Direction.

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

MILE POSTS

START MP 0.0

MP 1.0

MP3.0

MP 5.0

MP7.0

Over the Road Miles

REFERENCE SYSTEMSLINK-NODE

NODE 121NODE 231LINK 121-231

RT 521

RT 611

RT 713

A +0.0

ReferencePoint

A

B +0.0 C +0.0 C +1.25 D +0.0

1.25

B C D

REFERENCE SYSTEMS

STATE COORDINATE

SYSTEM - (GPS/GIS)

LONG

LAT

LONG

LAT

LONG

LAT

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Satellites send radio signal. Receiver uses ‘velocity *

travel-time to calculate location.

Satellite 2

Satellite 3

Satellite 1

Circle of influence

Location

Triangulation

DATA COLLECTION

PMS DATA COLLECTION

DATA TYPES

INVENTORY,

PAVEMENT CONDITION

TRAFFIC/LOADS,

COSTS - Construction, Pavement Preservation, Routine Maintenance, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction

HISTORY – Initial Construction, Pavement Preservation, Routine Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

(Last Treatment)

Example Inventory Data

Route Number Route Type (Interstate, US, NJ) Functional Class Length Divided/Undivided Route Section Pavement Type Number of Lanes and Widths Shoulder Type and Width County Legislative District

PMS DATA COLLECTION

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATION

PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS or RIDE QUALITY

SURFACE DISTRESS

RUTTING

SKID RESISTANCE

STRUCTURAL CAPACITY

Need for Annual Condition SurveysRide Quality, Surface Distress, Rutting, Friction

Evaluating current condition of pavement

Determining rates of deterioration Project future conditions to determe

current and future maintenance & rehabilitation needs

Determining future cost of repairs

Pavement Condition Survey Equipment

Profiler

roughness, distress, rutting, noise,

pavement cracking

FWD

Skid Trailer

Pavement friction

GPR

Layer Thickness

Structural Capacity


SURFACE DISTRESS

DATA COLLECTION

CONTINUOUS - WINDSHIELD SURVEY(COMPUTER RATER KEYBOARD, and VIDEO)

DESCRIPTION

TYPE OF DISTRESS (Cracking, Patching, Rutting)SEVERITY (Crack Width, Condition Assessment)EXTENT (Percentage of the Pavement Length)


SURFACE DISTRESS

LOAD ASSOCIATED vs. Non-LOAD ASSOCIATED LOCATION

12 ft

1.75 ft 2.5 ft 2.5 ft3.5 ft 1.75 ft

Wheel path Wheel path

Network Level PMS “Slow” lane in each direction – 4600 directional miles

PAVEMENT CONDITION EVALUATIONSURFACE DISTRESS

BITUMINOUS/COMPOSITE PAVEMENTS

*

CRACKINGMULTIPLE LOGITUDINALTRANSVERSE

*

***

*

SURFACE DEFORMATIONRUTTING*

MISCELLANEOUSSHOULDER CONDITIONPATCH CONDITION

NDI LDI

CRACKINGMULTIPLE

Observation of condition in the other lanes


BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS

*

CRACKINGFATIGUEBLOCKEDGELOGITUDINALTRANSVERSEREFLECTIONPATCH AND PATCH CONDITIONPOTHOLES

*

***

*

SURFACE DEFORMATIONRUTTINGSHOVING

*

SURFACE DEFECTSBLEEDINGWATER BLEEDING AND PUMPINGPOLISH AGGREGATESRAVELING

MISCELLANEOUSSHOULDER CONDITION


CONCRETE PAVEMENTS

CRACKINGCORNER BREAKSDURABILITY ("D" CRACKING)LOGITUDINALTRANSVERSE

*

*

SURFACE DEFECTSMAP CRACKINGSCALINGPOPOUTSPOLISH AGGREGATES

JOINT DEFECTSJOINT SEAL DAMAGESPALLING OF LOGITUDINAL/TRANSVERSE JOINTS

*

MISCELLANEOUSBLOWUPS FAULTING OF TRANSVERSE JOINTS AND CRACKSLANE-TO-SHOULDER DROPOFF OR SEPARATIONLANE-TO-LANE SEPARATIONPATCH/PATCH DETERIORATIONWATER BLEEDING AND PUMPING

*

*

*

*


ROAD ROUGHNESS

"ROAD ROUGHNESS IS THE IRREGULARITIES IN THE PAVEMENT SURFACE AFFECTING USER COMFORT AND SAFETY”

DUE TO VARIATIONS IN HORIZONTAL, VERITICAL, AND TRANSVERSE PROFILES

RIDE QUALITY - USER PERCEPTION OF PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS

3-5 Point Measurement

Rut DepthD D

D

2 312

D2D

1D3

RUT DEPTH MEASUREMENT

WPL WPR

RD


SKID RESISTANCESAFETY

DESCRIPTIONASSESSMENT OF THE COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION OF THE PAVEMENT SURFACE (BASED ON SPEED)

DATA COLLECTIONCONTINUOUS - ASTM E274 (LOCK WHEEL) SKID TRAILER


STRUCTURAL LOAD CAPACITYProject Level PMS

DESCRIPTIONASSESSMENT OF THE LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE

DATA COLLECTIONDESTRUCTIVE - CORING/BORINGS/LAB TESTS NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST – FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER (FWD)CONCRETE JOINT LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCYGROUND PENETRATING RADAR

PMSCONCEPTS AND THEORIES

Performance Analyses

Condition SurveysRide Quality, Surface Distress, Rutting

Pavement Indices

Pavement Wheel Path Profile

Ride Quality IndexIRI

Pavement Surface Distresses

Surface Distress Index

Rutting Average Pavement Rut Depth

Structural CapacityDeflections

Structural Capacity Index

Converts collected data to single value

Need for Condition SurveysRide Quality Index

Measure Pavement Wheel Path Profile(s) to assess Pavement Ride Quality

Convert Pavement Wheel Path Profile (L&R) to Pavement Ride Quality Indices (IRI)

0.1 mile

IRI

Pavement Distress Survey

Type of distress (Cracking, Patching, etc) Severity (width of cracks, condition of the

patch, etc.)

Extent - Quantity of distress present on the pavement (percentage of length)

Distress Identification Manual

for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program

http://www.tfhrc.gov/pavement/ltpp/reports/03031/index.htm

NJDOT Version

Pavement Models

Pavement Performance Model Example

Remaining Service Life

ANALYSESPERFORMACE PREDICTION

MIN. ACCEPTABLE

STRUCTURAL CAPACITY

AGE (YEARS)

DESIGN PERIOD

MAX. ACCEPTABLE

DISTRESS

MIN. ACCEPTABLE

SKID RESISTANCE

RIDE QUALITY

MIN. ACCEPTABLE

PMSCONCEPTS AND THEORIES

Economics Analyses

Reporting

ANALYSES

ECONOMIC ANALYSES

- RANKING - SINGLE YEAR COST SUMMARYMULTI YEAR PROGRAMMING - COST PROJECTIONSOPTIMIZATION

LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSISP&E, CONST, ANNUAL MAINT, REHAB, SALVAGENET PRESENT WORTH OR EQUIVALENT UNIFORM ANNUAL COSTSDISCOUNT RATE = INTEREST - INFLATION RATE

-

-

-

-

Homogeneous Analysis Sections Change in pavement type Change in pavement structure Change in traffic Volume Political boundaries

Change in pavement condition (Dynamic) Construction Project limits

Decide the overall condition, timing, costs, and treatment type

Sophistication

Ranking

Prioritization

Optimization

Increasing Level of

Sophistication

Time

Cond

ition

Pavement RehabilitationPavement Rehabilitation

Pavement PreservationPavement Preservation

Pavement ReconstructionPavement Reconstruction

Do NothingDo Nothing

Deterioration over time and cost to repair

Effect of Treatment Timing on Costs

$20.0020.00/sq yd$20.0020.00/sq yd

< $2.002.00/sq yd< $2.002.00/sq yd

$80.00/sq yd$80.00/sq yd

NewNew

GoodGood

FairFair

PoorPoor

V. PoorV. Poor

Treatment Types and Costs

Preservation TreatmentsPreservation Treatments Cost Per Lane Cost Per Lane MileMile

Slurry seals $14,080

Micro surfacing $17,600

High-performance thin overlays $45,760

Rehabilitation TreatmentsRehabilitation TreatmentsCost Per Lane Cost Per Lane

MileMile

Minor (functional): mill 2 in. and overlay 2 in. $107,430

Major (structural rehab): mill 2 in. and overlay >2 in. $154,106

ReconstructionReconstructionCost Per Lane Cost Per Lane

MileMile

Partial $422,400

Full $689,920

Treatment Types and Costs

You never have enough fish!

Treatment Options in MYP

Treatment

Age or Traffic Loads

Pa

vem

ent

Co

nd

itio

n In

de

x

Performance Prediction Model

Benefit or Effectiveness

(Area under the curve)

Predicted Performance

Trigger Limit

Marginal Cost Effectiveness

Incremental Benefit/Cost Ratio

Condition

Increase

Life

Extension

Policy Decisions can be based on the average projected condition at given budget levels for a single asset or for the entire networkNetwork Performance Budget Scenarios Do nothing Spend $100 million Spend $300 million

Example Network Performance Scenario

Good

Poor

Decision Trees

AsphaltPavement

>4

= 4 or below

Condition

Load-AssociatedStructural Deterioration

Not Present

Present

StructuralOverlay

FunctionalOverlay

Preventive Maintenance

Treatment Selection

Pavement Condition Index

PMS DATABASES

COMPUTERIZED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)

INTEGRATED RELATIONAL DATABASES

PMS COORDINATED DATABASES

COMPUTERIZED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)

INTEGRATED RELATIONAL DATABASES

INVENTORY - RT NUMBER, FUNCTIONAL CLASS, PAVEMENT TYPE, etc.CONDITION - RIDE QUALITY, DISTRESS, FRICTION, DEFLECTIONCOSTSHISTORYTRAFFIC / LOADS

PMS DATABASESDATABASE PRODUCTS/REPORTS

[TABULAR, BUSINESS GRAPHICS, GIS MAP, Video]

Section Year Cost

32 2006 $100,000

47 2008 $237,999

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

EastWestNorth

Data Storage

Terabyte Mountain

1 Terabyte = 1,024 Gigabytes

IMPLEMENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION

ROLE OF MANAGEMENT - STRATEGIC PLANNING OR DECISION TOOL FOR UPPER MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING TOOL FOR TECHNICAL DECISION-MAKERS

DEVELOPMENT STEPS --

1. BEGIN COORDINATION THROUGH DOT, MPO, TOLL AUTHORITY2. ORGANIZE TASK FORCE3. APPOINT PMS STAFF4. PMS SYSTEM SELECTION OR DEVELOPMENT5. DEMONSTRATION OF PILOT PMS6. FULL SCALE IMPLEMENTATION, DOCUMENTATION,

AND TRAINING7. FOLLOW UP - FEEDBACK, IMPROVEMENTS, MODIFICATIONS

Barriers to Implementation

People Issues and Barriers

Turf protection

Fear of exposure to past or current practices

Place of development (planning, engineering,

Resistance to change

FEEDBACK LOOP

Review treatments and trigger levels with actual data

Use actual case studies and output from several PMS optimization runs

Confirm modifications

Feedback on Treatments & Triggers

Pavement Performance Models

Treatments

Treatment Trigger Levels

Treatment Costs

User Cost Models

Data Quality Use Cost

Feedback Plan

Quality control of inventory/condition data essential

Feedback loop on data quality regular part of PMS process

Periodically raise and answer questions of cost, quantity, and use of data

Feedback on Data Quality Use Cost

From statewide to municipal level, a PMS can improve decision making

CAIT is currently helping the following groups develop or improve their PMS:

NJDOT

Mercer County

Howell Township

Rutgers University

PMS

Useful

at

Any

Level

Applying the Applying the right pavement right pavement preservationpreservation treatments treatments toto the the right road right road at the at the right timeright time

Pavement Preservation

Time

Cond

ition







$20.0020.00/sq yd$20.0020.00/sq yd

< $2.002.00/sq yd< $2.002.00/sq yd

$80.00/sq yd$80.00/sq yd

NewNew

GoodGood

FairFair

PoorPoor

V. PoorV. Poor

Crack Sealing

Surface Seals

Chip Seals

Microsurfacing

High Performance Thin Overlays

In-Place Recycling

Pavement Preservation Treatments

Pavement Preservation Treatments

Used to

• Seal pavement cracks to keep moisture out of the pavement

• Fill pavement ruts

• Improve pavement surface friction

Applying the Applying the right Pavement right Pavement Rehabilitation TreatmentRehabilitation Treatment toto the the right road right road at the at the right timeright time

Pavement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Time

Cond

ition







$20.0020.00/sq yd$20.0020.00/sq yd

< $2.002.00/sq yd< $2.002.00/sq yd

$80.00/sq yd$80.00/sq yd

NewNew

GoodGood

FairFair

PoorPoor

V. PoorV. Poor

Pavement Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Treatments

Used to

• Seal pavement cracks to keep moisture out of the pavement

• Fill pavement ruts

• Improve pavement surface friction

•Restore pavement ride quality

•Enhance pavement structural capacity

Requires detailed pavement evaluation and design

Questions?

cait.rutgers.edu/prp

Pavement Management Systems Pavement Preservation Pavement Rehabilitation Overview Dr. Nick Vitillo.

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