Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary - Curriculum Associates

What is a settlement? In which capital is the

Capitol? What are goods and services? Passwords:

Social Studies Vocabulary will help you learn the words

you need to do well in social studies. The lessons in this

book are about social studies topics you will be studying

this year.

Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help you

understand the social studies topic. The lessons include a

reading selection that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four

practice activities follow the reading selection. Using each

vocabulary word many times will help you remember the

word and its meaning. A writing activity ends the lesson.

You will use the vocabulary words you have learned to

write an eyewitness account, a narrative, a comparison,

a description, or a letter.

If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the

activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The

Glossary defi nes each word and shows you the correct way

to pronounce the word. It also has pictures to help you

understand the meaning of difficult words.

As you work on the lessons, you may learn other social

studies words besides the vocabulary words. Keep track

of those other words in My Social Studies Vocabulary on

pages 94–98.

Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes,

and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand

new words.

ISBN 978-0-7609-4490-5©2008—Curriculum Associates, Inc.

North Billerica, MA 01862No part of this book may be reproduced by any means

without written permission from the publisher.All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

To the Student

Table of Contents

Lesson 1: What Is a Community? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Lesson 2: Communities and Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Lesson 3: Native American Communities of Long Ago . . . . . . . 16

Lesson 4: Spanish Communities of Long Ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Lesson 5: English Communities of Long Ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Lesson 6: Moving West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Lesson 7: Immigrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Lesson 8: Citizenship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Lesson 9: Communities and Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Lesson 10: Our Nation’s Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Lesson 11: Money and Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Lesson 12: Producing Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Lesson 13: Culture and Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Lesson 14: Holidays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Lesson 15: People Make a Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

My Social Studies Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Root Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Prefi xes and Suffi xes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

How is our government set up? How does it work? Where does it meet? Read the selection to learn the answer to these questions about our country’s government and more.

Our Nation’s Government

The Nation’s Capital

A nation is a country with its own

government. Our nation is the United States

of America. Washington, D.C., is the capital

of our nation. It’s the city where the people

in the United States government work.

Washington, D.C., has many monuments.

A monument is a building or statue. It

helps people remember an important person

or event. The Washington Monument is

famous. It reminds people that George

Washington was a great fi rst president.

The Constitution

Our government is based on a plan.

The fi rst leaders of our nation wrote the

plan. They called it the Constitution.

It sets down our most important laws.

It states our rights and freedoms. And

it lays out the three parts, or branches,

of our government. Each branch has its

own powers. 58 Our Nation’s Government

LESSON

10

The Washington Monument stands over 555 feet tall.

nation

monument

Constitution

legislative branch

Capitol

executive branch

president

treaty

judicial branch

judge

The Constitution was written over 200 years ago.

Legislative Branch

The legislative branch makes

our laws. Leaders from each state

serve in this branch. They are called

Congress. The building where they

meet is the Capitol.

Executive Branch

The executive branch carries out

our laws. The president is the head

of this branch. He is also the head of

the armed forces, such as the army or

navy. The president can make treaties.

A treaty is an agreement between

two or more countries.

Judicial Branch

The judicial branch explains

our laws. It decides if laws have been

broken. It makes sure that our laws

agree with the Constitution. A system

of courts makes up this branch. A

judge is a person in charge of a court.

The highest court is the Supreme Court.

It has nine judges.

Our Nation’s Government 59

Go to page 97 to list other words you have learned about our nation’s government.

My Social Studies Vocabulary

Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch (makes laws) (carries out laws) (explains laws)

❘ ❘ ❘ Congress President The Courts

The United States Government

60 Our Nation’s Government

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word.

1. a building or statue that helps people

remember an important person or event __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

2. the written plan on which the nation’s

government is based __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

3. the head of the executive branch

of government __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

4. the branch of government that __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

makes laws __ __ __ __ __ __

5. the building where the legislative

branch meets __ __ __ __ __ __ __

6. the branch of government that carries __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

out laws __ __ __ __ __ __

7. a country with its own government __ __ __ __ __ __

8. an agreement between two or

more countries __ __ __ __ __ __

9. the branch of government that __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

explains laws __ __ __ __ __ __

10. a person in charge of a court __ __ __ __ __

nation

monument

Constitution

legislative branch

Capitol

executive branch

president

treaty

judicial branch

judge


B. Choose and write the two words that best complete each sentence.

judicial branch judge executive branch president

1. A runs a court in the

of our government.

Capitol monument legislative branch judge

2. The meets in the .

president treaty Constitution monument

3. In Washington, D.C., there is a tall that

reminds people of our fi rst .

Capitol president nation Constitution

4. The fi rst leaders of our wrote the

.

executive branch nation judicial branch treaty

5. The head of the can make a

with another country.

ROOT

Constitution comes from the Latin word

constituere, which means “to fi x or

establish.”

W

ORD

nation

monument

Constitution

legislative branch

Capitol

executive branch

president

treaty

judicial branch

judge

62 Our Nation’s Government

C. Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence.

1. In a court, a decides if a law has been broken.

2. If you want to learn more about the plan for our government,

you should study the .

3. Leaders from every state meet in the to make

the laws of our country.

4. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the

of our government.

5. When two countries agree on something, they might sign

a .

6. The United States is a made up of fi fty states.

7. The president heads the of our government.

8. The nation’s capital has a that was built

in honor of George Washington.

9. Congress makes up the of our government.

10. In our country, the head of the armed forces is the

.

nation

monument

Constitution

legislative branch

Capitol

executive branch

president

treaty

judicial branch

judge


D. Use each pair of words in a sentence.

1. legislative branch, Capitol

2. judicial branch, judge

3. nation, monument

4. treaty, president

5. Constitution, executive branch

Write your response to the prompt

on a separate sheet of paper.

Use as many vocabulary words

as you can in your writing.

Imagine that you have a friend

from another country. Describe

our government to your friend.

Writ

e!

nation

monument

Constitution

legislative branch

Capitol

executive branch

president

treaty

judicial branch

judge

Passwords Social Studies Vocabulary

United States History: Beginnings to the Present

To the Student

What is a monopoly? What is the difference between an

import and an export? What does an abolitionist believe?

Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary will help you learn the

words you need to do well in Social Studies.

Each lesson in this book is about a different topic in United

States history. Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help

you understand the topic. The lessons include a reading selection

that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice activities follow

the reading selection. Using each vocabulary word many times

will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing

activity ends the lesson. You will use the vocabulary words you

have learned to write an eyewitness account, a narrative, an

informational article, or a description.

If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the

activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary

defi nes each word and shows you the correct way to pronounce

the word. It also has pictures to help you understand the

meaning of difficult words.

As you work on the lessons, you may learn other new words

besides the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in

My Social Studies Vocabulary on pages 94–98.

Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes, and

suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand new words.

ISBN 978-0-7609-4492-9©2008—Curriculum Associates, Inc.

North Billerica, MA 01862No part of this book may be reproduced by any means

without written permission from the publisher.All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Table of Contents

Lesson 1: The First Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Lesson 2: European Explorers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Lesson 3: The 13 Colonies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Lesson 4: The War for Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Lesson 5: The New Nation and the Constitution . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Lesson 6: Settling the West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Lesson 7: The Road to War . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Lesson 8: The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Lesson 9: Cities and Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Lesson 10: Becoming a World Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Lesson 11: World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Lesson 12: The Roaring 20s and the Great Depression . . . . . . . . 70

Lesson 13: World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Lesson 14: The United States After World War II . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Lesson 15: Modern Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

My Social Studies Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Root Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Prefi xes and Suffi xes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

How would you create a new form of government, one that no other

country had? Read this selection to fi nd out how the United States

government was created.

The New Nation and the Constitution

The Articles of Confederation

The revolution was over. It was time to set up a government for

the United States. In 1781, the Articles of Confederation set up the

new government. A confederation is a group of independent states

that work together. The fi rst national government was weak. It had

no leader or president. There were no courts to rule over all the states.

Writing the Constitution

In May 1787, the Constitutional Convention took place in

Philadelphia. A convention is a meeting for a particular purpose.

States with many people thought they should have more power.

States with fewer people wanted equal power. A compromise was made.

In a compromise, each side gives up something to reach an agreement.

28 The New Nation and the Constitution

LESSON

5confederation compromise representative democracy rights

convention legislature constitution ratify amendment

Plan A

• The legislature has two houses.

• The number of representatives is based on population.

Plan B

• The legislature has one house.

• Each state has the same number of representatives.

• The legislature has two houses.

• In one house, the number of representatives is based on state population.

• In the other house, each state has the same number of representatives.

➧ ➧

The Great Compromise

In the “Great Compromise,” the legislature, the branch of

government that makes laws, has two parts. Each part is called

a house. In one house, the number of representatives is based on

the number of people in the state. In the other house, each state

has the same number of representatives. A representative is a

person chosen to act or speak for others.

The Constitution Becomes Law

The Constitutional Convention

created the United States Constitution.

A constitution is a legal paper that

describes how a government works.

The Constitution outlined a system

of government run by the people

who live under it. It is known as

a democracy.

In 1788, people voted to ratify

the Constitution, or make it into law.

The next year, George Washington

was elected as the fi rst President of the United States.

The Bill of Rights

Soon, it became clear that the Constitution had a fl aw.

It did not protect people’s basic rights. Rights are freedoms

owed to the people. Rights include freedom to say or write

what one thinks. Freedom of religion is also a right. A fair trial

is a right too.

Ten amendments were added to the Constitution. Each

amendment, or change, protects our rights. These ten

amendments are known as the Bill of Rights.

The New Nation and the Constitution 29

Go to page 95 to list other words you have learned about the new nation and the Constitution.

My Social Studies Vocabulary

George Washington was the leader of the Constitutional Convention.

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct vocabulary word.

1. a change

2. a legal paper that describes how a government works

3. a group of independent states working together

4. an agreement in which each side gets part of what it wants

5. personal freedoms that people say are owed to them

6. a meeting that has a purpose

7. to make something into law

8. a branch of government with the power to make laws

9. a person chosen to act or speak for others

10. a form of government that gets its power from the people


confederation compromise representative democracy rights


B. Choose and write the two words that best complete each sentence.

amendment legislature confederation rights

1. If you want to know all of your , you must read the

that describes each of them.

constitution confederation legislature democracy

2. A may create a to

make a country’s laws.

compromise constitution confederation convention

3. A unites people at a meeting place, but a

is a group united in spirit.

ratify representative compromise legislature

4. If there had not been a to consider all states’ concerns,

people might not have wanted to the Constitution.

representative confederation compromise democracy

5. People choose someone to be their as part of a

system of government called a .




ROOT

The word democracy comes from the Greek

word demokratia, which means “rule of

the people.”

W

ORD


C. Choose the correct vocabulary word to complete each sentence.

1. A should speak out for the people he or she

represents.

2. Our created the central government for our

country.

3. If Congress likes a law, they will vote to it.

4. In a , everybody gets part of what they want.

5. Most states also have a with two houses.

6. The Bill of Rights gave people they would not have

had in Great Britain.

7. When the Constitution needs to be changed, an

is added.

8. The fi rst government of the United States was a

of states.

9. In a , everyone has a voice in how the government

is run.

10. Men from each state met at a to create a new plan

for governing the United States.



D. Use each word in a sentence that shows you understand the meaning of each word.

1. amendment

2. compromise

3. confederation

4. constitution

5. convention

6. representative

7. democracy

8. legislature

9. ratify

10. rights

Write!Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper. Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing.

Describe the problems that the United States faced in creating a democracy.




Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary - Curriculum Associates

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