Introduction to Social Studies Education Social Studies Methods.
Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary - Curriculum … · 2010-04-23 · Passwords: Social Studies...
Transcript of Passwords: Social Studies Vocabulary - Curriculum … · 2010-04-23 · Passwords: Social Studies...
Passwords Social Studies Vocabulary
Ancient Civilizations
What is an epic? Is it bad if a tyrant takes over a country?
What does an astronomer do? Passwords: Social Studies
Vocabulary will help you learn the words you need to do well in
social studies. The lessons in this book are about social studies topics
you will be studying.
Every lesson focuses on ten words that will help you
understand the topic. The lessons include a reading selection
that uses all ten vocabulary words. Four practice activities follow
the reading selection. Using each vocabulary word many times
will help you remember the word and its meaning. A writing
activity ends the lesson. You will use the vocabulary words you
have learned to write a comparison, a narrative, an informational
article, or a description.
If you need help with a vocabulary word as you do the
activities, use the Glossary at the back of the book. The Glossary
defi nes each word and shows you the correct way to pronounce
the word. It also has pictures to help you understand the meaning
of difficult words.
As you work on the lessons, you may learn other words besides
the vocabulary words. Keep track of those other words in My Social
Studies Vocabulary on pages 94–98.
Turn to pages 99 and 100 to learn about roots, prefixes,
and suffixes. Find out how they can help you understand
social studies words.
To the Student
ISBN 978-0-7609-4496-7©2008—Curriculum Associates, Inc.
North Billerica, MA 01862No part of this book may be reproduced by any means
without written permission from the publisher.All Rights Reserved. Printed in USA.15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents
Lesson 1: The Old Stone Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Lesson 2: The Ice Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Lesson 3: Early Farmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Lesson 4: Mesopotamia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Lesson 5: The Sumerians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Lesson 6: The Assyrians and Chaldeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Lesson 7: Egypt’s Old Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Lesson 8: The Egyptian Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Lesson 9: The Kingdom of Kush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Lesson 10: The Ancient Hebrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Lesson 11: Ancient India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Lesson 12: Ancient China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Lesson 13: Ancient Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Lesson 14: Ancient Rome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Lesson 15: Legacies of Greece and Rome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
My Social Studies Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Root Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Prefi xes and Suffi xes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Soon after Sumer arose in Mesopotamia, another great civilization was
born in Egypt. Read this selection to learn about the people who settled
along the Nile River.
Egypt’s Old Kingdom
The Mighty Nile
The Nile is the world’s longest river. The Nile begins in the
mountains and marshes of central Africa. As it fl ows toward the sea,
the Nile falls over several cataracts. A cataract is a large waterfall.
At its mouth, the Nile forms a delta. A delta is the place where a large
river splits into smaller rivers. The soil in
a delta is rich and good for farming.
Around 8,000 years ago, hunter-
gatherers settled along the Nile River.
They came from Africa and Asia. The
Nile valley was green and fertile. These
people built villages and farmed the
land. They became the fi rst Egyptians.
Most fi rst Egyptians lived along
the river.
The land of ancient Egypt
protected the people from outside
invaders. On either side of the
Nile are burning deserts. The
delta and the cataracts protected
the Egyptians from river attack.
40 Egypt’s Old Kingdom
LESSON
7cataract dynasty hieroglyphics deity pyramid
delta pharaoh papyrus tomb mummy
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea
LOWEREGYPT
UPPEREGYPT
Nile River
First Cataract
Nubian Desert
Libyan Desert
Arabian Desert
SecondCataract
ThirdCataract
FourthCataract
FifthCataract
Ancient Egypt
Two Kingdoms
At fi rst, Egypt was made up of two kingdoms. These were
Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. About 3100 B.C., the two kingdoms
united. The fi rst ruler of united Egypt started a dynasty. A dynasty
is a series of rulers from the same family. The all-powerful ruler of
Egypt was called a pharaoh. Egyptians thought the pharaoh was
a god.
Life in the Old Kingdom
Egyptian dynasties are grouped in three periods: Old, Middle,
and New Kingdoms. During the Old Kingdom, Egyptian civilization
grew strong. The Egyptians created a system of writing, using small
pictures, called hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics were carved in stone.
Egyptians also wrote on paper made from a marsh reed plant called
papyrus.
The ancient Egyptians believed in many deities. A deity is a god.
Each deity controlled a force of nature. One Egyptian deity was the
pharaoh. Egyptians believed he was related to Ra, the sun god.
Egyptians also believed in life after death, the afterlife. They
thought it was important to protect the pharaoh’s body
after his death. That way, he could continue to look
after Egypt. So they built a great tomb, or burial place,
for each pharaoh.
The pharaoh’s tomb was a pyramid. A pyramid
was a huge stone building, with a square base and a
pointed top. Deep inside the tomb lay the pharaoh’s
mummy, or preserved body. Mummies were buried
with things they would need in the afterlife.
Egypt’s Old Kingdom 41
Go to page 96 to list other words you have learned about Egypt’s Old Kingdom.
My Social Studies Vocabulary
Tutankhamen, Egyptian pharaoh, was
the 12th ruler of the 18th dynasty.
Pyramids took many years to build.
A. Match each word with its meaning. Write the letter of the correct meaning on the line in front of each word.
1. delta
2. dynasty
3. pharaoh
4. hieroglyphics
5. papyrus
6. deity
7. cataract
8. tomb
9. pyramid
10. mummy
42 Egypt’s Old Kingdom
cataract dynasty hieroglyphics deity pyramid
delta pharaoh papyrus tomb mummy
a. a reed plant used to make paper
b. a burial place
c. a god
d. the all-powerful ruler of Egypt
e. a preserved body
f. the place where a river divides into
smaller rivers
g. a large waterfall
h. a huge stone building, with a square
base and a pointed top
i. a series of rulers from the same family
j. the Egyptians’ system of writing,
using small pictures
Egypt’s Old Kingdom 43
B. Choose and write the two words that best complete each sentence.
dynasty pharaoh deity mummy
1. The Egyptians preserved the body of their ruler,
the , as a .
dynasty deity cataract pyramid
2. Egyptians believed each ruler of a was a
.
pyramid hieroglyphics mummy tomb
3. A huge building with a pointed top, called a , was
the pharaoh’s .
tomb delta hieroglyphics papyrus
4. On paper made from a reed called , Egyptians wrote
their , or writing system.
papyrus hieroglyphics cataract delta
5. Upriver, the Nile has more than one violent , while
at its mouth it forms a .
cataract dynasty hieroglyphics deity pyramid
delta pharaoh papyrus tomb mummy
ROOT
The word papyrus comes from the Latin word
papyrus, which means “the paper plant.”
W
ORD
44 Egypt’s Old Kingdom
C. Write the vocabulary word that best completes each pair of sentences.
1. Ancient Egyptians believed their pharaoh was a .
Each Egyptian controlled a force of nature.
2. The pharaoh’s was placed deep inside a pyramid.
A body was made into a to preserve it.
3. A pyramid was a for a pharaoh.
Each pharaoh had his own , or burial place.
4. A large waterfall, known as a , can prevent large
boats from traveling down a river.
Can you fi nd the location of each , or waterfall,
on the map?
5. The soil in a is good for farming.
A river splits into smaller rivers at a .
6. The fi rst ruler of a united Egypt created a .
A is a series of rulers from the same family.
7. A huge stone building, with a square base and a pointed top, is called a
.
Not many modern buildings are built in the shape of a
.
8. The all-powerful ruler of Egypt was called a .
Egyptians believed their was related to the sun god.
9. Egyptians wrote on a paper made from .
A reed plant called grew in wet areas.
10. The Egyptians created a system of writing called .
Writing called used small pictures.
cataract dynasty hieroglyphics deity pyramid
delta pharaoh papyrus tomb mummy
D. Use each pair of words in a sentence.
1. mummy, pharaoh
2. delta, cataract
3. papyrus, pyramid
4. hieroglyphics, tomb
5. deity, dynasty
Write!Write your response to the prompt on a separate sheet of paper.Use as many vocabulary words as you can in your writing.
Imagine you went to the Egyptian section of a big museum. Write a postcard describing what you saw there.
Egypt’s Old Kingdom 45
cataract dynasty hieroglyphics deity pyramid
delta pharaoh papyrus tomb mummy