PASSIFLORA VENUSTA

Passiflora venusta, a New Species of Passiflora series Laurifoliae(Passifloraceae) froIDBolivia

Roberto Vásquez Ch.

Sociedad Boliviana de Botánica, Casilla Correo 3822, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

[email protected]

Marleen Delanoy

Ghent University, Laboratory for Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany,Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. [email protected]

Xavier Scheldeman

International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Regional Office for the Americas,Calí,Colombia. [email protected]

Patrick Van Damme

Ghent University, Laboratory for Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Coupure

links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. [email protected]

Stephan Beck

Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Casilla 10077, La Paz,Bolivia. [email protected]

ABSTRACT.Passiflora venusta R. Vásquez & M.Delanoy, a new species of subgenus Passiflora L.ser. Laurifoliae Killip ex Cervi (Passifloraceae) isdescribed and illustrated. Passiflora venusta differs

from the other species belonging to this series bya unique combination of characteristics: flowers are

large (ea. 12 cm diam.) and solitary; sepals and petalsare white outside and red-purple inside; outside, sepalveins are white whereas petal veins are red; coronafilaments are long and the outermost rank of filamentsis noticeably shorter and thinner than the second

rank; and fruits are 3.9-5.9 cm long with an endocarpno more than 0.5 cm thick.

RESUMEN. Se describe e ilustra Passiflora venusta R.

Vásquez & M. Delanoy, una nueva especie del

subgénero Passiflora L. ser. Laurifoliae Killip exCervi (Passifloraceae). Passiflora venusta se diferenciade otras especies de esta serie por una combinaciónde características únicas: flores grandes y solitarias(ea. 12 cm diam.); sépalos y pétalos blancos en la

superficie externa, rojo-morados en la superficieinterna; en la superficie externa, las nervaduras delos sépalos son blancas mientras que las nervadurasde los pétalos son rojas; los filamentos internos de la

corona son largos y los filamentos externos notor-

NOVON 17: 120-124. PUBLISHEDON 23 APRIL 2007.

iamente más cortos y delgados que los de la segundafila; y las frutas tienen 3.9-5.9 cm de largo con unendocarpo de máximo 0.5 cm de ancho.

Key words: Bolivia, Passiflora, Passifloraceae,

series Laurifoliae, Yungas.

Within the subgenus Passiflora L. ser. Laurifoliae

Killip ex Cervi, five species are recognized to occurinBolivia. These are: Passiflora chaparensis R. Vásquez(Vásquez, 1998), P. femandezii L. K. Escobar

(Escobar, 1989), P. nigradenia Rusby (Killip, 1938),P. nitida Kunth (Vásquez, 1998), and P. ripariaMartius ex Masters (KroTMr, T. & AcebeyA 1449LPB). We add one new species to this list. Localnames given for this species are "granadilla,""maracuyá," "granadilla del monte," "chimchircomo,"

and "tumbo" (M. Delanoy, pers. obs., 2003). In thearea where this species is present, different inter.viewees stated that the fruit was consumed either fresh

or as juice. Because of its attractive and colorfulflowers, the plant also has ornamental value.

Passiflora venusta R. Vásquez & M. Delanoy, sp.

nov. TYPE: Bolivia. La Paz: Nor Yungas, road loMururata, 21 Jan. 1984, R. Vásquez,C.Luer,].

Volume 17, Number 12007

Vásquez et al.Passiflora venusta from Bolivia

121

Luer & N. Williams 1967 (holotype, LPB;

isotypes, GENT, MO). Figures 1, 2.

Pa.ssifloravenustaa P.fernandezii et P. nigradenia differtpropter florem grandiorem (ad 12 cm) et corollam et calycemruber-purpureum, a P. chaparensi, P. riparia et P. nitidadiffert propter 2 series filamentarum coronae inaequaliumamplitudine distincte.

Liana, glabrescent except for puberulent fruits andbase of styles; stems terete, striate; internodes 3-7 cm;

stipules 4-6 X 0.5 mm at base, linear-subulate, earlydeciduous. Petioles 7-15 mm, caniculate, with 1 pair of

glands of 1 mm diam., round, sessile, adaxially attachedabove mid-petiole. Lamina 8-14 X 3--6 cm, oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, lustrous, gray-green, glabrous

adaxialIy, pale green abaxialIy; apex generally abruptlyacuminate; base rounded or subtruncate; margin entire.

Flowerssolitary,pendent, ea. 12 cm diam.;peduncle3-5 cm, terete; bracts 3-5 X 1.5-2.5 cm, verticillate,

concave, ovate-Ianceolate; apex acute; base rounded,green; margin with 4 to 6 green scattered glands; stipe ea.6 mm; hypanthium campanulate, contracted, ea. 2 cmwide at base, to ea. 3 cm wide at apex, white, with a ring

of denticulate processes, 1-2 mm, dark purple, in theinner middle surface; sepals white outside, red-purpleinside, margin white, 3-5 X 1.5-2.5 cm, oblong-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, keeled and aristate; apexacute, awnea. 3 mm;petals whiteoutsidewith alI veinsand veinules red, the red nearly covering the whole basalthird, red-purple inside, 4-5 X 1-2 cm, linear-lanceolate-attenuate,membranous;apex obtuse;coronafilamentous, white, banded with dark purple, filaments

in 2 series; outer filaments to 2 cm, ea. 2 mm wide;inner filaments to 4.5 cm, ea. 4 mm wide; operculum

nonplicate, membranous, strongly incurved, red; andro-

gynophore 3.5 cm, white; filaments 1.5 cm, united atbase, white; anthers white; ovary ea. 5 X 3.5 mm,

short-stipitate, ellipsoidal, puberulent, partially sur-rounded by the united base of the anthers; styles erect,

pubescent at base, whitish; stigmas globose, whitish.Fruit 3.9-5.9 X 3.2-4.3 cm, subglobose, edible,epicarp sparsely pubescent, soft, orange-yellow, white-maculate; endocarp 0.2-0.5 cm, white, spongy; pulpedible, sweet;seedsobcordate,foveate,6-8 X 3-5 mm.

Etymology. From the Latin word "venustas"

meaning "chann, loveliness, and beauty," in referenceto the attractiveness of its flowers.

Distribution and habitat. Passiflora venusta isknown from collections in Bolivia in La Paz de-

partment: Provinces Nor Yungas, Sur Yungas, and

Caranavi, and from Beni department: ProvinceBallivián (Rurrenabaque) (see Fig. 3). It is found onroadsides and trails in the humid forest of the yungasfrom 575 to 1620 m above sea leve!.

Phenology. Passiflora venusta was found flower-ing between the end of November and the beginning ofFebruary. Ripe fruits were available between Decem-ber and February.

Passiflora venusta is distinguishable from P. feman-

dezii and P. nigradenia by its flowers of ea.12 cm diam. compared to flowers of ea. 6 cm diam.(Escobar, 1989) and 6-10 cm diam. (Killip, 1938;Rusby, 1927), respectively. In addition, P. femandeziiis pubescent and has, with its outer corona filaments of0.6 cm and inner ones of 2.3-2.5 cm, much shorter

corona filaments than P. venusta (Escobar, 1989).Passiflora venusta further differs from P. nigradeniaand P. riparia in having solitary flowers versus flowersborne in groups on short axillary branches (Killip,1938; Vásquez, 1994, 1998). Passiflora venusta alsohas much smalIer fruits with a thinner endocarp than P.nigradenia (3.9-5.9 cm vs. 8-10 cm fruits, and 0.5 cm.vs. 1.5 cm endocarp, respectively) (Vásquez, 1994,

1998). Passiflorafemandezii, P. nigradenia, P. nitida,and P. riparia have white flowers, whereas P. venusta

has sepals that are white outside and sepals and petalsthat are colored inside (Escobar, 1989; Killip, 1938;

Vásquez, 1998). Passiflora chaparensis, P. nitida, andP. riparia have an outermost rank of corona filamentsequaling or exceeding the second rank in contrast withP. venusta (Killip, 1938; Vásquez, 1998). Passifloravenusta also differs from P. riparia and P. chaparensis

by its glabrous ovary (Killip, 1938; Vásquez, 1998). Inaddition, P. venusta has subglobose fruits, while P.

chaparensis has pyriform fruits (Vásquez, 1998).Figure 3 shows the distribution of Passiflora speciesbelonging to series Laurifoliae in Bolivia. Passifloravenusta occurs in areas clearly different from those

where P. chaparensis, P.femandezii, P. nitida, and P.riparia are reported. Passiflora nigradenia has anample distribution over different departments fromBeni and northern parts of La Paz to Santa Cruz. Itgrows in humid forests from lower areas of the Yungas,between 200 and 1900 m above sea level, whereas P.

venusta has a limited distribution in the Yungas of the

department La Paz. It is found in humid montaneforests of the Andes, between 550 and 1650 m abovesea leve!.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PASS/FLORA SER. LAUR/FOLIAE IN BOLIVIA

la. Outermost rank of corona filaments equaling orexceeding the second rank.2a. Petioles ea. 1 cm; bracts ca. 5 cm; peduncle

2.5-3 cm, sepals and petals white outside,pink-violet inside . . . . . . . . . . . . .P. chaparensis

2b. Petioles at least 1.5 cm; bracts less than 4 cm;

peduncle at least 3 cm, sepals and petals white.3a. Bracts reddish green; flowers generally

grouped in short axillary branches withmuch-reduced lea ves, sometimes solitary;

122 Novon

A

D

B

e

E

5 cm

Figure 1. Passifiora venusta R. Vásquez & M. Delanoy. -A. Branch with floral bud. -B. Floral bract. -C. Petal (left) andsepal (right). -D. Longitudinal section of a flower. -E. Longitudinal section of corona. Drawing by Roberto Vásquez Ch. fromthe holotype R. Vásquez, C. Luer, ]. Luer & N. Williams 1967 (LPB).

lIiiI

Volume 17, Number 12007

Vásquez et al.Passiflora venusta from Bolivia

123

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Figure 2. Passiflora venu.staR. Vásquez & M. Delanoy. -A. Bud and leaf, abaxial surface. -B. Flower, lateral view. -C.Flower, frontal view. -D. Longitudinal section of a flower. -E. Mature fmil. -F. Longitudinal section of a mature fmit(photographsby Marleen Delanoy).

124 Novon

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Species. P. chaparensis... P. femandezii4 P. nigradeniam P. nitida

P. riparia. P. venusta

ÁSanta Cruz

o 400

Figure 3. Distribution of Passiflora species belonging to series Laurifotiae in Bolivia (Delanoy, in prep.).-

kilometers

outer coronal filaments 4-5 cm, the innerones 0.2 cm; ovary pubescent. . . . P. riparia

3b. Bracts green; flowers always solitary; outercoronal filaments 2-3.5 cm, the innerones about 1 cm; ovary tomentose . . P. nitida

lb. Outermost rank of corona filaments shorter than thesecond rank.

4a. Flowers less than 10 cm wide; sepals andpetals white, petals less than 3.5 cm; outercoronal filaments less than 1.5 cm, the innerones less than 3.5 cm.

5a. Plant pubescent; laminas 5-9.5 X 2.5-4.2 cm; flowers always solitary; outercoronal filaments 0.6 cm. . . . . P. fernandezii

5b. Plant mainly glabrous; laminas 12-20 X9 cm; flowers generally grouped on shortaxillary branches with much-reducedleaves, sometimes solitary; outer coronalfilaments 1-1.3 cm . . . . . . . . P. nigradenia

4b. Flowers ea. 12 cm diam.; sepals and petalsred-purple inside and white outside; sepalveins white outside but petal veins and veinulesred, petals 4-5 cm; outer coronal filaments to2 cm, inner ones to 4.5 cm . . . . . . . . . .P. venusta

Paratypes. BOLIVIA. Beni: Ballivián, Rurrenabaque, 4Mar. 2000, R. Vásquez 3702 (herb. Vásquez). La paz:Caranavi, 17 Nov. 1979,R. Vásquezl968 (herb. Vásquez); SudYungas, Covendo, 5 Mar. 2003, M. Detanay 30 (LPB);Remolino, 13 Nov. 2003, Detanoy 70 (GENT, LPB, MO), 19Nov. 2003, Delanoy 71 (BOLV, GENT); Nor Yungas, road

from Coroico to Santa Barbara, 26 Nov. 2003, Detanoy 153,155,156, 157 (LPB), 26 Nov. 2003, Detanoy 151,161 (GENT,LPB), 26 Nov. 2003, Detanay 160 (GENT, US), 26 Nov. 2003,Detanoy 164 (GENT, LPB, MO); Challa, 23 Nov. 2003,Delanoy 166, 167 (BOLV, GENT, US); road from Challa toAgua Milagro, 23 Nov. 2003, Detanay 174 (LPB, GENT).

Acknowledgments. This research was financed by

a grant to Marleen Delanoy of the Institute for thePromotion of Innovation through Science and Technologyin Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). Christian Feuillet andPeter M011erJ0rgensen are thanked for the careful review.

Literature Cited

Escobar, 1. K. 1989. Two new species oE Passiflora(Passifloraceae) from South America. Phytologia 66: 3~2.

Killip, E. P. 1938. The American species of Passifloraceae.Pub!. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 19: 1-613.

Rusby, H. H. 1927. Descriptions of new genera and speciesof plants collected on the Mulford biological exploration oEthe Amazon valley 1921-1922. Mem. New York Bol.Gard. 7: 311.

Vásquez, R. 1994. Passiflora nigradenia (Passifloraceae)especie poco conocida de Bolivia. Revista Soco Estud. Bol.1(1): 49-55.

-. 1998. Las especies de Passiflora subgéneroGranadilla serie Laurifotiae (Passifloraceae) en Bolivia.Revista Soco Boliv. Bol. 2(1): 36-45.

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