Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The...
-
date post
20-Jan-2016 -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The...
![Page 1: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles
Clear Air Initiative
18th December 2002 Hong Kong
The Indian Perspective
Rajat Nandi
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
![Page 2: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Vehicle Population in Metros(1999-2000)
Delhi Chennai Kolkata Mumbai
Trucks 156,157 24,556 59,576 20,199
Buses 37,733 4,409 8,586 15,414
Taxis 17,762 9,596 32,199 58,696
3-Wheelers 86,985 35,420 9,747 97,565
2-Wheelers 2,184,581 848,118 298,959 407,306
Cars 869,820 199,848 238,560 303,108
Source: Motor Transport Statistics of India 1999-2000 (MoRT&H, October 2002)
SIAM
![Page 3: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
0
24
6
810
12
1416
18
1991 1996 1998 2000 Bharat StageII
84% - New Cars
CO
+H
C+
NO
x (g
/km
)Emission Reductions
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1992 1996 2000 BS II
CO
+H
C+
NO
x +
PM
(g
/kW
h)
65% New Diesel Vehicles
0
5
10
15
20
25
1991 1996 2000
CO
+H
C+
NO
x (g
/km
)80% - New 2-W
SIAMSIAM
![Page 4: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Norms Year Category of vehicles
Remarks
India 2000(Euro I equivalent /
Bharat Stage I)
April 2000 All vehicles Across the country
Bharat Stage II (Euro II equivalent)
2000 Cars Metros
-do- 2001 City Buses -do-
Emission Standards
Present Scenario
SIAM
![Page 5: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Future Emission StandardsAll Vehicles (except 2 & 3 Wheelers)
Norms Year Remarks
Bharat Stage II (Euro II equivalent)
1st April 2003 Seven more cities
Bharat Stage II (Euro II equivalent)
1st April 2005 Entire country
Bharat Stage III (Euro III equivalent)
1st April 2005 11 cities
-do- 1st April 2010 Entire country
Euro IV equivalent 1st April 2010 11 cities
SIAM
![Page 6: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Emission Standards (Contd…)
* Preferably 1st April 2008 (Not later than 1st April 2010)
Future Proposal (2&3 Wheelers)
Norms g/km(IDC) Year Remarks
CO HC+NOx
1.5 1.5 1st April 2005 Entire country
1.0 1.0 1st April 2010 * Entire country
SIAM
![Page 7: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Future Fuel Quality ImprovementsEuro II* Euro III* Euro IV*
• GasolineOctane (RON) 88-93 91-95 91-95Lead(g/l) 0.013 0.005 0.005Sulphur(%mass) 0.05 0.015 0.005Benzene(%vol) 3-5 1 1
• DieselCetane 48 51 51Density(Kg/m3) 820-860 820-845 820-845Sulphur (%mass) 0.05 0.035 0.005
*Equivalent Norms
SIAM
![Page 8: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Technology Evolution In Petrol Engines
• Carburettor engines
• Oxidation catalytic converter with open loop
• EGR
•Secondary air injection
•Throttle body /port injection
• 3-way catalytic converter with close loop
• Multipoint fuel injection system
• Electronic engine management
• On-board diagnostics
EURO 0
EURO 1
EURO 2
EURO 3
SIAM
![Page 9: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Technology Evolution In Diesel Engines
• Oxidation catalysts
• DeNox catalysts (passive & active)
• Nox trap catalyst
• Optimum fie +comb. Chamber + air motion
• TC + variable nozzle turbine
• Selective catalyst reduction (SCR)
• Continuously regenerating trap SIAM
![Page 10: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Technological Evolution for 2 Stroke Engines in 2-wheelers
1996 2000 Future
1.Scavenging improvements through
•Multiple & better ports•Improved exhaust
2.Leaner mixture through•improved carburetors
3.Better combustion through
•Higher compression ratio•Better combustion chamber
4.Electronic Ignition
1. Further improvements in • Scavenging• Combustion
2. Use of Catalytic converter
(Oxidative type)3. Reduced 2T oil
dosage
1.Further improvements in
•Scavenging•Combustion
2.Electronic engine management3.Improved catalytic converters4.Dual Catalytic converter5.Fuel injection 6.Smoke less oils
Tighter Production tolerances SIAM
![Page 11: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Technological Evolution For 4 Stroke Engines in 2-wheelers
1996 1.Leaner mixture through improved carburetors2.Improved Combustion
2000 1.Secondary air injection2.Hot tube or catalytic converter3.Tighter Production tolerances
Future 1.Secondary air injection2.Variable intake system3.Catalytic converter4.Electronic engine management5.Tighter Production tolerances
SIAM
![Page 12: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Need for Integrated Approach
Present Scenario
• Large Population of Old Vehicles
• Lack of Maintenance Practice
• Use of Adulterated Fuels
Therefore need for:
• Inspection & Certification
• Alternative Fuel Technologies
SIAM
![Page 13: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Inspection & Certification – Present Structure
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
State Transport Departments (TD)
Fitness Check*(Operated by TD)
Emission Check – “PUC”(Private Operators Licensed
By TD)
Few per City Hundreds
* For Transport Vehicles only- Buses, Trucks, Taxis & 3-Wheelers
SIAM
![Page 14: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Inspection & Certification - Gaps Areas
• SIAM roadmap for Introduction of Centralised I&C System accepted by Government – Need implementation – Covering all categories of vehicles including Private
Cars and Two-Wheelers
• Development of Operating and Management Systems
• Audit • Enforcement• Public Awareness & Acceptability
SIAM
![Page 15: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Alternative Fuel Technologies- Present Scenario
• Delhi – Highest no. of CNG vehicles– 8,510 Buses– 43,266 3-Wheelers– 3,370 Taxis
Source: Transport Dept. Government of NCT of Delhi – 1st nov 2002
– 101 CNG Filling Stations
• Mumbai– About 25,000 Taxis
SIAM
![Page 16: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Alternative Fuel Technologies- Gap Areas
• Need for City Specific Roadmap– LPG, CNG, Electric, Hybrid
• Training• Infrastructure for Implementing a new
Programme• Regulatory Framework• Cost Benefit Analysis
SIAM
![Page 17: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PHOTO 8 : BAJAJ RE 4S CNG AUTO-RIKHSHAW WITH 2 CNG CYLINDERS BARE CHASSIS SHOWING CYLINDER, KIT & ENGINE LOCATION
PHOTO 8 : BAJAJ RE 4S CNG AUTO-RIKHSHAW WITH 2 CNG CYLINDERS BARE CHASSIS SHOWING CYLINDER, KIT & ENGINE LOCATION
SIAM
![Page 18: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
AMBASSADOR CLASSIC CAR - CNG
HINDUSTAN MOTORS LIMITED
Tank Layout
Engine Comp.
SIAM
![Page 19: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CNG CYLIDERS LAYOUT ON A BUS CHASSIS
SIAM
![Page 20: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Emission Management
• Need to develop Emission Factors in India
• Quantify benefits of each intervention– Engine Technology– Fuel Quality– Alternative Fuels– Maintenance
SIAM
![Page 21: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
SIAM Initiatives
• In-use vehicle emission management
• Organized I&M Clinics
– 18 Nos. in major cities – Covered more than 100,000 vehicles
• Idle emission• Usage pattern • Effect of maintenance on emissions.
SIAM
![Page 22: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
In-use vehicle emission management (contd…)
• Development of computerized emission check centres (CECC)
• SIAM setup 2 model centres each in metros• State Governments accepted model centres
– Delhi : 200– Hyderabad : 100– Bangalore : 100
• Other cities also planning mandating CECC
SIAM
![Page 23: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Next Steps
– Networking– Data Analysis – Computerised Model I &C Centres
In-use vehicle emission management (contd…)
SIAM
![Page 24: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
SIAM to organise
• International Seminar on Alternative Energy Driven Vehicles in March 2003
• International Exposition on Inspection & Maintenance in March / April 2003
![Page 25: Partnership for Cleaner Fuels & Vehicles Clear Air Initiative 18 th December 2002 Hong Kong The Indian Perspective Rajat Nandi Society of Indian Automobile.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062806/56649d785503460f94a5b5f3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
THANK YOU
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers Core – 4B, 5th Floor, India Habitat CentreLodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003, INDIA
Phone: 00 91 11 24647810-12/24648555 Fax: 00 91 11 24648222E-mail – [email protected] / [email protected]