Particulate Matter Adjacent to Cattle Deep-Bedded Monoslope Facilities
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Transcript of Particulate Matter Adjacent to Cattle Deep-Bedded Monoslope Facilities
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Particulate matter adjacent to cattle deep-bedded
monoslope facilities
Mindy J. SpiehsApril 4, 2013
Waste to WorthDenver, CO
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Project Overview• Project is part of USDA AFRI Air Quality Grant
– South Dakota State University– Iowa State University– Livestock Poultry and Environmental Learning
Center– USDA ARS
• Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE• Cotton Production and Processing Research Unit,
Lubbock, TX
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Bedding and manure management• Producers manage
bedding/manure two ways:– Allow a bedded pack to
accumulate in center or pen
– Scrape and haul all bedding and manure weekly
• Manure may be stored under roof in manure bay or in outdoor pile until land applied
• Fresh bedding added to pack 1 – 2 times per week
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Purpose of Air Quality Grant• Gather baseline emission data from beef
confinement barns
• Evaluate 2 manure handling systems
Weekly Scrape and HaulSouth Dakota Sites
BedpackIowa Sites
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Monitoring Weather
• On-site weather station measured– Wind direction– Wind speed– Ambient air
temperature– Relative humidity
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Monitoring the Barns• Two barns in South Dakota and
two barns in Iowa were monitored
– Two mobile instrument trailers were rotated between the barns
– Continuous gas measurements were taken from each barn for one month each season for two years
• Two air inlets on the south side of the barn and six air inlets on the north side of the barn continuously collected air samples to analyze for
– Ammonia– Hydrogen sulfide– Methane– Carbon dioxide– Nitrous oxide
• Particulate matter was monitored periodically
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Monitoring Particulate Matter• South Dakota Sites
– Measured using Minivols– Collected baseline
emission data
• Iowa Site – Measured using Lo-Vol
Particulate Air Samplers
– Collected baseline emission data
– Evaluated particulate matter concentration relative to management events
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Objective• Compare particulate matter concentration
adjacent to a deep-bedded monoslope facility during normal operation and a bedding event.
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Sampling procedure• Lo-Vol Particulate
Samplers – Three placed 4.6 m (15 ft)
from the north side of the building
– Three placed 4.6 m (15 ft) from the south side of the building
– 36.6 m (120 ft) between the samplers on each side
• Average sampler flow rate was 16.7 L/min.
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Sampling procedure• Each sampler contained pre-weighed filters
• At the end of the sampling period, filters were collected and sent to USDA ARS Cotton Production and Processing Research Unit, Lubbock, TX to determine total suspended particles (TSP).
• Samples were collected over two five-day periods– April 28 – May 5, 2011– June 24 – July 1, 2011
• Each sample period included three 24-hr collections during normal operation and two 3-hr collections during a bedding event
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Statistical Analysis• Data were analyzed using SAS PROC MIXED to
determine differences between sampling events (Bedding vs. Normal Operation) and sampling periods (April – May vs. June – July)
• No event by sampling period interaction was detected (P = 0.1794)
• No significant difference between sampling periods was detected (P = 0.1807)
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Results
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Bedding EventPrevailing South wind
Bedding EventPrevailing North wind
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Bedding EventSlight south wind
Bedding EventWind changed direction during
sampling
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Average Concentrations• Average 24-hr TSP concentration on days of
normal operation was 58.6 ± 3.9 µg/m3
• Average 3-hr particulate matter concentration during a bedding event was 702.2 ± 266.1 µg/m3
• TSP significantly higher during bedding events compared to normal operations (P = 0.0040)
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Conclusions• In general, particulate matter concentrations
adjacent to the deep-bedded monoslope facility were lower than previously reported for open lot feedlots.
• Concentrations of TSP were higher during the 3-hr bedding event than during normal operation but quickly return to baseline levels following bedding event.
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Thank You!