Part IV A. H. M. Kirk-Greene: A Select Bibliography

A. H. M. Kirk-Greene: A Select Bibliography Compiled by Shehu Othman

In accepting the editors' invitation to compile this partial listing ofTony Kirk-Greene's extensive record of publications, I was moved by two feelings: that of a scholar's pleasure at being entrusted with such an assignment for such an important tribute to a former teacher, and that of a student's awe at the magnitude of the task. On a preliminary estimate, the total of his published output looks like approaching 700 items - and even then they cannot all be identified, as a fair number of his articles and book reviews appeared anonymously or under noms de plume.

Reading through his works, one is easily struck by his formidable reservoir of knowledge, his grasp of historical details, his keen prognostic sense and a literary style that makes him a delight to read and which must surely rank him among the best of his generation. In chronicling his publications, it is possible to discern marked shifts from Hausa language to Public Administration, then to Politics, but all the time in Nigerian History; and, in later years, to other Mrican countries and the Commonwealth.

Whether writing about serious historical or political issues or about matters of human interest such as university campus fraternities, Makidi (the Hausa drummer) or northern Nigerian schoolboy slang, Tony Kirk-Greene deals with his subject matter in both a robust and witty fashion. Few Mricanists would match the quality of his essays, but I know of no Nigerianist with a higher record of publications. I thus feel myself in agreement with the verdict of Dr Robert A. Myers, editor of the Nigeria volume (World Bibliographical Series, Oxford: Clio Press, 1989: xii):

Among the numerous prolific writers about Nigeria, one scholar stands out. A. H. M. Kirk-Greene has authored several hundred individual publications on the country,

265

266 Legitimacy and the State in Africa

many of them essential historical, linguistic, and political studies. The list could be much longer. I have attempted to make a just and balanced selection that is representative of the wealth of publications.

Nor could I agree more with an editorial profile of him in the weekly African Concord (Lagos, 15 July 1991, p. 15), with its graphic opening:

He is not a Nigerian, but he knows Nigeria too well, like the back of his palms. He speaks the Hausa language with native ease and he has written considerably on the country's politi­cal history. What betrays him is his colour. He is white.

While I ·believe the following bibliography is complete as far as books (28), monographs and pamphlets (15), chapters in books (28) and introductions to books (10) are concerned, that relating to articles has had to remain primarily a repre­sentative list and in no way claims to be exhaustive. Actually, Tony Kirk-Greene himself has since lost track of many of his publications. And he is not about to stop writing!

No attempt has been made to list all his book reviews (at least 300 titles) which have appeared in a score of journals and magazines or any of his numerous contributions to West Africa since 1955, some unsigned ('By A Correspondent') and others carrying such pseudonymous initials as H. M. S. and P. L. K. or pen-names like Nicholas Caverhill and Yerima Yola (his nickname in north-east Nigeria in the 1950s), as well as others in such one-time staples as the West African Review and the West African Annual. Nor have his obituary contributions to news­papers or introductions to specialised African catalogues been included. I suspect that a style-and-content analysis device could easily reveal the identity of Tony Kirk-Greene whenever he is the author!

In an editorial context, he has at one time or another been General Editor of Methuen's Studies in African History and Gregg Publishers' Modern Africana Revivals; joint editor of Hoover Colonial Studies and the Radcliffe Press's Colonial Memoirs; Editorial Adviser, journal of African Administration and African Affairs; and a member of the Editorial Boards of Cultures et Developpment and the International journal of the History of Sport.

Bibliography 267

BOOKS

This is Northern Nigeria: Background to an Invitation (Kaduna: Government Printer, 1955}, 96 pp.

Adamawa Past and Present (London: Oxford University Press for International Mrican Institute, 1958), ix + 230 pp. (2nd edn 1969).

The Cattle People of Nigeria (People of the World Series) (London: Oxford University Press, 1959), 32 pp.

The Niger (Rivers of the World Series) (London: Oxford University Press, 1961), 32 pp.

Barth's Travels in Nigeria (West Mrican History Series) (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), xi+ 300 pp.

The Principles of Native Administration in Nigeria: Selected Documents, 1900-1947 (London: Oxford University Press, 1965}, xii + 248 pp.

Hausa Ba Dabo BaNe (Proverbs) (lbadan: Oxford University Press, 1966), 84 pp.

The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey of their Historical Traditions (with S. J. Hogben) (London: Oxford University Press, 1966}, xviii + 638 pp.

A Modern Hausa Reader (with Y Aliyu) (London: University of London Press, 1967), 143 pp.

Lugard and the Amalgamation of Nigeria: A Documentary Record (London: Frank Cass, 1968), 281 pp.

Crisis and Conflict in Nigeria: A Documentary Sourcebook 1966-1970 (London: Oxford University Press, 1971), Vol. I, xiv + 459 pp.; Vol. II, vi + 528 pp.

Gazetteers of the Northern Provinces of Nigeria (edited and with an introduction) (London: Frank Cass, 1972}, Vol. I, xxvii + 200 pp; Vol II, iv + 235 pp.; Vol III, iv + 257 pp; Vol. IV, iv + 349 pp.

West African Travels and Adventures: Two Autobiographical Narratives from Northern Nigeria (with P. Newman) (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972), vi+ 255 pp.

Teach Yourself Hausa (with C. H. Kraft} (London: English Universities Press, 1973), ix + 394 pp. 9th imp. (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1985).

Faces North: Some Peoples of Nigeria (with Pauline M. Ryan) (Working: Pikin Publications, 1975), xx + 62 pp.

The Transfer of Power: The Colonial Administrator in the Age of

268 Legitimacy and the State in Africa

Decolonisation, ed. (Oxford: Inter-Faculty Committee for Mrican Studies, University of Oxford, 1979), 194 pp.

A Biographical Dictionary of the British Colonial Governor: Africa (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1980), iv + 320 pp. (Stanford: Hoover Press, 1981).

Nigeria Since 1970: A Political and Economic Outline (with D. Rimmer) (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1981), xv + 161 pp. (New York: Mricana Publishing Co, 1981).

'Stay l7y your Radios': Documentation for a Study of Military Government in Tropical Africa (Leiden, Netherlands: Mrika­Studiencentrum, 1981), 156 pp.

West African Passage: A Journey Through Nigeria, Chad, and the Cameroons, 1931-1932 (edited and with an introduction) (London: Peter Owen, 1983), 245 pp.

Ethnicity, Empire and Race Relations: Essays in Honour of Kenneth Kirkwood, (ed. with J. Stone), Special Issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 9, no. 3 (July 1986), 273-425 pp.

Pastoralists of the West African Savanna (ed. with M. Adamu) (Manchester: Manchester University Press for International Mrican Institute, 1986), xxxii + 359 pp.

Pacific Prelude: A journey to Samoa and Australasia, 1929 (edited and with an introduction) (London: Peter Owen, 1988), 272 pp.

A Biographical Dictionary of the British Colonial Service 1939-1966 (London: Hans Zell, 1991), xii + 403 pp.

Nigeria's Transition Towards the Third Republic (ed. with L. Diamond, 0. Oyediran and T. Biersteker), Vols I and II, forthcoming, 1993.

The Deans and Directors of Diplomatic Academies Conference: A jubilee History, forthcoming, 1993.

Francophone Africa Since Independence (with D. C. Bach), forthcoming, 1993.

Hamman Yaji: The Diary of a Nigerian Chief (ed. with J. Vaughan), forthcoming, 1993.

Monographs and pamphlets

Maiduguri and the Capitals of BO'rnu (English and Hausa text) (Zaria: North Regional Literature Agency, 1958), 24 pp.

How Northern Nigeria Trains its own Administrative Officers (Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation, 1960), 23 pp.

Bibliography 269

Decorated Houses in a Northern City (Kaduna: Baraka Press, I963), 20 pp.

A Preliminary Inquiry into Hausa Onomatology (Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, Institute of Administration, 1 964), 56 pp.

Some &flexions on Contemporary Hausa Idiom (Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Languages, Occasional Paper, No. I, I964), 10 pp.

A Background Note on the Names of Places in Hausaland (Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, Department of Languages, Occasional Paper, No.2, 1964), 18 pp.

A Working Introduction to the Study of Hausa and the Major Languages of Northern Nigeria (Zaria: Ahamadu Bello University, Department of Languages, Occasional Paper, No.3, I965), 26 pp.

Key to Fulani (Lawol Fulfulde) (Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation, 1 965), 28 pp.

Mabudin Faransi: Langue Haoussa (Key to French and Hausa) (Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation, 1965), 28 pp.

Mutumin Kirkii: The Concept of the Good Man in Hausa (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1974), 4I pp.

The Genesis of the Nigerian Civil War and the Theory of Fear (Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of Mrican Studies, Research Report No. 27, 1975), 27 pp.

The Sudan Political Service: A Preliminary Profile (Oxford, 1 982), 38 pp.

'Please Sir, I Want Some More' (Oliver Twist): Reflections on the State of the Literature on Francophone Africa in English (Bordeaux: Centre d'Etude d'Mrique Noire, Universite de Bordeaux, Travaux et documents, No. 20, 1 988), 28 pp.

The Sudan Political Service 1902-1952: A Preliminary Register of Second Careers (with G. W. Bell) (Oxford, 1989), 39 pp.

The Corona Club, 1900-1990: An Introductory History (London, I 990), 39 pp.

CHAPTERS IN BOOKS

'Administrative Techniques: A Suggestion for Administrative Service Training Curricula' (with]. H. Smith), in Education in Public Administration, ed. D. C. Stone (Brussels: liAS, 1963), pp. 165-71.

270 Legitimacy and the State in Africa

'Bureaucratic Cadres in a Traditional Milieu', in Education and Political Development, ed. James S. Coleman (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1965), pp. 372-407.

'The Higher Public Service', in The Politics and Administration of Nigerian Government, ed. L. Franklin Blitz (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1965), pp. 213-48.

'Barth'sJourney to Adamawa', in Heinrich Barth Festschrift: Ein Forscher in Afrika, ed. H. Schiffers (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1967),pp. 194-215.

'The Influence of Hausa on the English Language', in The English Language in West Africa, ed. John Spencer (London: Longman, 1968), pp. 123-44.

'The Merit Principle in an Mrican Bureaucracy: Northern Nigeria', in Nations By Design, ed. A Rivkin (New York: Doubleday, 1968), pp. 253-332.

'Henrich Barth: An Exercise in Emphathy', in African Explorers and Exploration, ed. Robert I. Rotberg (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971), pp. 13-38.

'West Mrican Exploration: Mricans, Auxiliaries and Also-Rans', in The Exploration of Africa in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, ed. G. Shepperson (Edinburgh: Centre of Mrican Studies, UniversityofEdinburgh, 1972), pp. 37-65.

'Diplomacy and Diplomats: The Formation of Foreign Service Cadres in Black Mrica', in Foreign Relations of African States, ed. K. Ingham (London: Butterworth, 1974), pp. 279-322.

'Historiographical Aspects of the Mricanisation of Mrican Bureaucracies', in Developing Research on African Administration: Some Methodological Issues, eds A. Adedeji and G. Hyden (Nairobi: EastMrican Literature Bureau, 1974), pp. 132-57.

'An Historiographical Perspective on Administrative Studies in Mrica', in Education and Research in Public Administration in Africa, eds. A. Adedeji and C. Baker (London: Hutchinson, 1974), pp. 271-304.

'Public Administration and Mrican Studies: The Story of Cinderella and the Mrican Fairy God-Mother', in African Studies Since 1945, ed. C. Fyfe (Longman, 1976), pp. 201-13.

'Back to the Barracks: A Decade of Marking Time' (with V. P. Bennett), in Soldiers and Oil: The Political Transformation of Nigeria, ed. K. Panter-Brick (London: Frank Cass, 1978), pp. 13-26.

'On Governorship and Governors in British Mrica', in African Proconsuls: European Governors in Africa, eds. P. Duignan and

Bibliography 271

L. H. Gann (New York: The Free Press, 1978), pp. 209-64. 'Ou en Sommes-Nous ?: An Exercise in Soul-Searching', in Into

the 80s: The Proceedings of the 11th Annual Conference of the Canadian Association of African Studies, Vol I, eds Donald I. Ray et al., Vancouver: Tantalus Research Limited, 1981, pp. 9-27.

'A Historiographical Perspective on the Transfer of Power in British Colonial Mrica: A Bibliographical Essay', in The Transfer of Power in Africa: Decoloniz.ation 1940-1960, Vol. I, eds P. Gifford and W. R. Louis (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), pp. 567-602.

'Margery Perham and Colonial Administration: A Direct Influence on Indirect Rule', in Oxford and the Idea of Commonwealth, eds A. F. Madden and D. K. Fieldhouse (London: Croom Helm, 1982), pp. 122-43.

'Maudu LaawolPulaaku: Survival and Symbiosis', in Pastoralists of the West African Savanna, eds M. Adamu and A. H. M. Kirk­Greene (Manchester: Manchester University Press for International Mrican Institute, 1986), pp. 40-54.

'West Mrica: Nigeria and Ghana', in Politics & Government in African States 1960-1985, eds P. Duignan and R. H.1ackson (London: Croom Helm, 1986), pp. 30-77.

'Imperial Administration and the Athletic Imperative: The Case of the District Officer in Mrica', in Sports in Africa: Essays in Social History, eds W. 1. Baker and 1. A. Mangan (London: Holmes and Meier, 1987), pp. 81-113.

'Anglophone Mrica and the Transfer of Power: Bibliography', in Decoloniz.ation and African Independence: The Transfer of Power, 1960-1980, eds P. Gifford and W. R. Louis (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), pp. 515-72.

'Crisis and Choice in the Nigerian Emirates: The Decisive Decade, 1897--1906', in Bismarck, Europe and Africa: The Berlin Africa Conference 1884-1885 and the Onset of Partition, eds W. J. Mommsen and R. Robinson (Oxford: Oxford University Press for The German Historical Institute, London, 1988), pp. 491-506.

'Examinees, Examiners and Examinations: The Hausa Language Requirement of the Northern Nigerian Government, 1902-1962', in Studies in Hausa Language and Linguistics, eds G. Furniss and P. J. 1aggar (London: Paul Kegan for the International Mrican Institute, 1988), PP· 1-14.

272 Legitimacy and the State in Africa

'Nationalism in the Non-Nationalist Literature: The Case of the Sudan Political Service', in Nationalism in the Sudan, ed. M. Al-Safi (Khartoum: University of Khartoum Press, 1989), pp. 322-83.

'The Nigerian Constitution, 1922-1992: Prophylaxis and Panacea', in Towards the Third Nigerian Republic, ed. A. Hughes, Centre of West Mrican Studies, University of Birmingham, Occasional Papers 1, 1990, pp. 1-9.

'Forging a Relationship with the Colonial Administrative Service, 1921-1939', in Margery Perham and British Rule in Africa, eds A. Smith and M. Bull (London: Frank Cass, 1991), pp. 62-82.

'Badge of Office? Sport and His Excellency the British Colonial Governor', in The Cultural Bond, ed. J. A. Mangan, (London: Frank Cass, 1992).

'Doubly Elite: Mrican Rhodes Scholars, 1960-1990', in The African Presence in the United Kingdom (special issue of Immigrants and Minorities), ed. D. Killingray, forthcoming, 1993.

INTRODUCTIONS

Mai Maina, Labarin Mai Maina Na ]ega Sarkin Askira (Zaria: North Regional Literature Agency, 1958).

C.]. Orr, The Making of Northern Nigeria (1911) (London: Frank Cass, 1965).

Sonia F. Graham, Government and Mission Education in Northern Nigeria, 1900-1919, With Special Reference to the Work of Hanns Vischer (Ibadan: lbadan University Press, 1966).

Henrich Barth, Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa (1857), 3 vols, Centenary Reprint (London: Frank Cass, 1967).

P. A. Benton, The Languages and Peoples of Bornu (1911-1916) (2 vols) (London: Frank Cass, 1968).

Henrich Barth, Collection of Central African Languages ( 1862-66) (London: Frank Cass, 1971).

Lord Lugard, Political Memoranda ( 1919) (London: Frank Cass, 1970; First Public Edition).

]. A. Burdon, Northern Nigeria: Historical Notes on Certain Emirates and Tribes ( 1909) (London: Gregg International

Bibliography 273

Publishers Limited, I972). Lord Hailey, Native Administration and Political Development in

British Tropical Africa (I942) (Liechtenstein: Kraus Reprint, I979; First Public Edition).

Charles Allen, ed. Tales from the Dark Continent (London: Andre Deutsch and British Broadcasting Corporation, I979).

PERIODICAL ARTICLES

'Hausa (1)', Linguist, Vol. I6, no. 4 (April I954), pp. 97-8; (Part 2), no. 5 (May I954), pp. I36-7; (Part 3), no. 6 (June I954), pp. I53-4.

'William Shakespeare, District Officer', Corona, Vol. VI, no. 5 (May I954), pp. I95-7.

'Nigerian Agricultural Show', Corona, Vol. VI, no. IO (October I954)' pp. 390-2.

'Festival at Farei', Nigeria Magazine, No. 45 (I954), pp. 60-74. 'On Swearing: An Account of Some Judicial Oaths in

Northern Nigeria', Africa, Vol. XXV, no. I (January I955), pp. 43-53.

'From the West', Corona, Vol. VII, no. 2 (February I955), pp. 77-9.

'Those Were the Days' (Part One), Corona, Vol. VII, no. 3 (March I955), pp. I08-11; (Part Two), no. 4 (April I955), pp. I40-2.

'Table Manners', Corona, Vol. VII, no. 9 (September I955), p. 360.

'Ali Maidoki's Last Patrol: An Epic of the Northern Cameroons', West African Review, Vol XXVI, no. 339 (December 1955), pp. 1175-6.

'Evolue', Corona, Vol. VIII, no. 3 (March I956), pp. 88-90. 'Back to School', Corona, Vol. VIII, no. 4 (April I956),

pp. 150-1. 'French Without Tears', Corona, Vol. VIII, no. 8 (August I956),

pp. 308-IO. 'Abbega And Durogu' (Two Northern Nigerian Students who

landed in Britain I 00 years ago), West African Review, Vol. XXVII, no. 348 (September I956), pp. 865-9.

'Tax and Travel Among the Hill-Tribes of Northern Adamawa', Africa, Vol XXVI, no. 4 (October I956), pp. 369-79.

274 Legitimacy and the State in Africa

'Volume I, Number I', Corona, Vol. VIII, no. I2 (December I956), pp. 467-71.

Just a Minute', Corona, Vol. IX, no. 5 (May I957), pp. I85-8. 'The Capitals of Northern Nigeria' (with M. J. Campbell),

Nigeria Magazine, No. 54 (1957), pp. 243-72. 'Von Uechtritz's· Expedition to Adamawa, I893', Journal of the

Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol. I, no. 2 (December 1957), pp. 86-98.

'The First Battle of Bida', West African Review, Vol. XXVIII, no. 363 (December I957), pp. I207-I2, I235.

'Malaria a la Mode', Corona, Vol. X, no. I (January I958), pp. 25-8.

'The Second Battle of Bida', West African Review, Vol. XXIX, no. 364 (January I958), pp. 61-3.

'Hanged By Rabeh: fate of Ferdinand Behagle', West African Review, Vol. XXIX, no. 366 (March I958), pp. 215-I9.

'Operation Pen-Friend', Corona, Vol. X, no. 4 (April I958), pp. 158-60.

'An Experiment in Administration', Corona, Vol. X, no. 8 (August I958), pp. 287-9.

'Saga of Liberty Village', West African Review, Vol. XXIX, no. 373 (October 1958), pp. 867-9.

'The Institute of Administration', Nigeria Magazine, No. 59 (1958), pp. 322-31.

'Expansion on the Benue I830-I900: A Review of the Exploration and Commercial History of the River Benue, with Special Reference to the Administration of the Royal Niger Company', Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol. I, no. 3 (December 1958), pp. 215-37.

'Nigeria's Regimental Museum', West African Review, Vol. XXX, no. 377 (February I959), pp. 94-6, I38.

'The Death and Burial of Adolf Overweg', West African Review, Vol. XXX, no. 378 (March 1959), pp. 227-8.

'A Training Course for Northern Nigerian Administrative Officers', Journal of African Administration, Vol. XI, no. 2 (Aprili959), pp. 63-71.

'The Mba Ceremony of the Marghi', Nigerian Field, Vol. XXIV, no. 2 (Apri1I959), pp. 80-7.

'Food for Thought', Corona, Vol. XI, no. 7 (July I959), pp. 25I-3.

'Mricans and Americans', Corona, Vol. XI, no. IO (October

Bibliography 275

1959), pp. 365-70. 'The British Consulate at Lake Chad: A Forgotten Treaty with

the Sheikh of Bornu', African Affairs, Vol. 58, no. 233 (October 1959), pp. 334-9.

'A Sample Note on Mrican Studies in America', West African journal of Education, Vol. 3, no. 3 (1959), pp. 104-6.

'Shakespeare South of the Sahara', Corona, Vol. XI, no. 12 (December 1959), pp. 475-6.

'The Mrican Student and Campus Fraternities: An Explanatory Expose', Universities Quarterly, Vol. 14, no. 1 (November 1959/January 1960), pp. 27-34.

'The Last Journey of Dan Zaria', Nigeria Magazine, No. 65 (June 1960), pp. 148-53.

'Nigerian Explorers', Nigeria Magazine (Special Independence Issue), No. 66 (October 1960), pp. 66-74.

'The Major Currencies in Nigerian History', journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol. 2, no. 1 (December 1960), pp. 132-50.

'The Kingdom of Sukur: A Northern Nigerian Ichabod', NigerianField, Vol. XXV, no. 2 (April1960), pp. 67-96.

'Mrica Through the Eyes of Some Museums in the United States', Curator, Vol. III, no. 3 (1960), pp. 242-6.

'Re-birth of an ADO', Corona, Vol. XII, no. 8 (August 1960), pp. 299-301.

'An American Experiment: The Institute of Government', Majalisarku (Your Council) (Institute of Administration, Zaria), No.8 (September 1960), pp. 8-9.

'Who Called it Nigeria', West African Review, Vol. XXXI, no. 394 (September 1960), p. 59.

'Held in Trust: A Comparison' (Part One), Corona, Vol. XII, no. 11 (November 1960), pp. 427-31; (Part Two), no. 12 (December 1960), pp. 454-9.

'David George: The Nova Scotian Experience', Sierra Leone Studies, No. 14 (December 1960), pp. 93-120.

'The Bornu Stud Farm', Nigerian Field, Vol. XXVI, no. 1 (January 1961), pp. 4-9.

'Plan For Greater Kano', West African Review, Vol. XXXII, no. 399 (March 1961), pp. 55-9.

'Kaduna: New Coat for a Capital', West African Review, Vol. XXXII, no. 402 (June 1961), pp. 31-4.

'Kitty Cooke Looks Back: A Personal Mining Memoir', Nigerian

276 Legitimacy and the State in Africa

Field, Vol. XXVI, no. 3 (July 1961), pp. 110-28. 'Expansion At Kaduna', West African Review, Vol. XXXII, no.

404 (August 1961), pp. 45-50. 'University For the North', West African Review, Vol. XXXII, no.

405 (September 1961), pp. 33-9. 'Career and Consultant: New Elements in Mrican Studies',

journal of African Administration, Vol. XIII, no. 4 (October 1961), pp. 220-34.

'Makidi - The Hausa Drummer', Nigeria Magazine, no. 71 (December 1961), pp. 338-55.

'The Mrican Administrator', West African Review, Vol. XXXII, no. 408 (December 1961), pp. 81,93-4.

'Profession: Applicant', Corona, Vol. XIV, no. 5 (May 1962), pp. 177-182.

'Nigeria's Residencies', West African Review, Vol. XXXIII, no. 416 (August 1962), pp. 53-5.

'America in the Niger Valley: A Colonization Centenary', Phylon (Third Quarter 1962), pp. 225-39.

'Nkashe Ta: The Story of the Leg - A Miango Folktale' (with Peter Rawa Madaki), Nigerian Field, Vol. XXVII, no. 4 (October 1962), pp. 161-9.

'... An Abiding Memorial', Nigeria Magazine, no. 75 (December 1962), pp. 33-46.

'Good and Faithful Servant', Corona, Vol. XIV, no. 12 (December 1962), pp. 482-487.

'Neologisms in Hausa: A Sociological Approach', Africa, Vol. XXXIII, no. 1 (January 1963), pp. 25-44.

'The Institute of Administration-!!', journal of Local Administration Overseas, Vol. 2, no. I (January 1963), pp. 43-8.

'A Note on Some Spears from Bornu, Northern Nigeria', Man, Vol. LXIII (November 1963), pp. 174-6.

'Exam en Preliminaire des Neologismes du Haoussa', Actes du Second Colloque International de Linguistique Negro-Africaine (Dakar), (1963), pp. 204-9.

'Indian Troops with the West Mrican Frontier Force, 1898 to 1900', journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, Vol. XLII (March 1964), pp. i-iv. ..

'The Hausa Language Board', Afrika und Ubersee, Band XLVII (1964), pp. 187-203.

'Henrich Barth: A Curious Error', journal of the Geographical

Bibliography 277

Association of Nigeria, Vol. 7, no. 2 (January I965), pp. I09-I4.

'A Preliminary Note on New Sources for Nigerian Military History', Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, Vol. 3, no. I (I965}, pp. I29-47.

'A Redefinition and Reorientation in Provincial Administration: The Northern Nigerian Approach',journal of Local Administration Overseas, Vol. IV, No. I (January I965}, pp. 5-26.

'The Vocabulary and Determinants of Schoolboy Slang in Northern Nigeria' ,journal of African Languages, Vol. 5, no. I (I966}, pp. 7-33.

'Some Thoughts on the Role of Languages in Mrican Studies', Kano Studies (Abdullahi Bayero College), No.2 (July I966), pp. 3-IO.

'The Linguistic Statistics of Northern Nigeria: A Tentative Presentation', African Language Review (Fourah Bay College}, Vol. 6 (I967}, pp. 75-IOI.

'The Peoples of Nigeria: The Cultural Background to the Crisis', African Affairs, Vol. 66, No. 262 (January I967), pp. 3-Il.

'Some Problems of the Mrican Administrator in the Field Today', African Affairs, Vol. 66, no. 265 (October I967}, pp. 3I0-23.

'Dash It All!', West African Annual (I967), pp. 27-32. 'The Niger Sudan Expeditionary Force, I897', journal of the

Society for Army Historical Research, Vol. XLVI, no. I85 (Spring I968)' pp. 49-56.

'The Meaning of Place Names in Hausaland', Bulletin de f /FAN, T XXXI, serB, no. I (I969), pp. 264-78.

'Administrative Training in Mrica: The Northern Nigerian Experience and Beyond', International Review of Administrative Sciences, Vol. XXXV, No. I (I969}, pp. I-I5.

'The War of a Thousand Days', Blackwood's Magazine, Vol. 307, no. I853 (March I970), pp. I93-207.

'The Scramble for Mricana', African Affairs, Vol. 70, no. 278 (January I971}, pp. 77-83.

'The New Mrican Administrator', journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. IO, no. I (May I972), pp. 93-I07.

'Administration and Mricanisation: An Autobiographical Approach to an Evaluation', journal of Administration

278 Legitimacy and the State in Africa

Overseas, Vol. XIII, no. I Ganuary I974), pp. 259-68. 'Towards a History of the Colonial Service', African Affairs, Vol.

73, no. 290 Ganuary I974), pp. I05-8. 'The Soldiers and the Second Chance Syndrome: An Enquiry

into the Remedial Imperative of Military Regimes in Black Mrica', Cultures etDeveloppment (I974), pp. 775-98.

'Reflections on a Putative History of the Colonial Administrative Service', journal of Administration Overseas, Vol. XIV, no. I Ganuary I975), pp. 39-44.

john Buchan's Appointment as Governor-General of Canada', The Brazen Nose (Special Buchan Centennial Issue of Oxford's Brasenose College journal)· (1976), pp. 42-46.

'More Memoirs as a Source for a Service History', journal of Administration Overseas, Vol. XV, no. 4 (October I976), pp. 235-40.

'Zamanin Siyasa: Political Culture and Personalities in Modern Hausaland', African Affairs, Vol. 75, no. 30I (October I976), pp. 532-5.

'The British Colonial Governor in the Literature', African Research and Documentation, No. I2 (1977), pp. IO-I3.

'The Governors-General of Canada I867-I952: A Collective Profile', journal of Canadian Studies, Vol. I2, no. 4 (I977), pp. 35-57.

'The Contribution of Public Administration to Mrican Studies', journal of Administration Overseas, Vol. I6, no. 4 (October I977), pp. 258-64.

'Sanders of the Rivers', New Society, IO November I977, pp. 23-4.

'IAPA Seminars (1962-I973) for Research into Mrican Administration: A Bibliographic Excursus', West African journal of Sociology and Political Science, Vol. I, no. 3 Ganuary I978), pp. 306-I5.

'The Progress of Proconsuls: Advancement and Migration among the Colonial Governors of British Mrican Territories, I900-I965', journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, Vol. VII, no. 2 Ganuary I979), pp.180-2I2.

'The Thin White Line: The Size of the British Colonial Service in Mrica', African Affairs, Vol. 79, no. 3I4 Ganuary I980), pp. 25-44.

'Conversazione with Ali Mazrui: The Reith Lectures Revisited',

Bibliography 279

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Thematic Index

administrators 82, 83, 86, 90, 91, 92, 97,99,106, 178,184,194,195,236

aristocracy 23, 32, 33, 63, 66, 91, 98, 99, 106

army ix, 2, 16, 44, 45, 63, 71, 72, 79, 100,223,240

capitalism 7, 41, 51, 64, 69, 79, 86, 90, 91,95,191,251,258

chiefs 4, 7, 18, 19, 72, 76, 83, 86, 88, 92, 93, 97, 99, 115, 117, 121, 127, 128, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 149, 150, 153, 155, 156, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183, 184, 185

civil society 2, 3, 4, 15, 16, 17, 20, 25, 26,95, 102,107,135,137,138,139, 244n. 11, 255, 259, 260, 261

classes 4, 35, 41, 43, 44, 48, 68, 70, 92, 93

bourgeoisie 16, 17, 34, 41, 42, 44, 56n.6,91,93,221, 222,223,225, 226,229,230,237,259

peasantry 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 38,39,40,69, 70, 77,85,181,259

workers 16, 17,44,51,63,64,67,69, 70,83,93,96,98,99,216,223, 226,259

decolonisation 2, 16, 135, 136, 137, 138,145,154,155,248

democracy 1,2, 16, 17, 18, 19, 25,26, 78, 101, 136, 140, 141, 163, 172, 173,178,180,251,258,261

despotism 11, 12 education 15, 23, 31, 33, 41, 42, 44, 47,

67, 102, 114, 115, 116, 119, 123, 125, 136, 138, 144, 145, 153, 154, 157,163,172,176, 177,181,184, 185,191,192,195,217,261

ethnicity 2, 3, 4, 9, 16, 35 and Mrican states 4, 9, 10, 11, 71,

86-9 and Christianity 24, 74, 83, 96, 99,

148,197,203,204,206,220,233 and colonial state 71, 81, 85, 86,

90-2,105,106,203,204,205 and Islam 148, 202, 203, 204, 205,

206 and nationalism 17, 21-2, 25, 99,

100, 101, 106, 136, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 158

and women 12-13, 27n. 13 as source of nationality 9 developingoutofkinship 10-11,20,

21,71 imagined 81, 84-6, 89, 92-6, 97-8,

99, 105, 106, 107 invented 9, 10, 14, 34, 63, 70, 74, 75,

78-80,81,82-4,89,90-2,97,105, 106, 197

moral ethnicity 16, 26, 71, 84, 94-5, 96,108, 109n.57,261

political tribalism 16, 20, 84, 94-6, 100,261

gender 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 17, 18, 19, 20,30-56,65-7,101-6

and Christianity 7, 220, 221, 224, 230,234

and ethnicity 12-14, 98 and nationalism 13 and tradition 50, 66, 69, 95, 101-5 feminity 4, 6, 32, 33, 34, 39, 41, 43,

48,49,66 masculinity 4, 6, 18, 19, 32, 33, 34,

37,40,41,43,47,48,66,67 maternalism 4, 6, 13, 33, 35, 42, 48,

62,67 patriarchy 5, 6, 7, 12, 18, 50, 69, 83,

84,95,96,98, 101,104,105,106

hegemony ix, 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14,33,55,67,81,83,90, 102,136, 139,140,214

intellectuals 17, 20, 64, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82,85,86,89,93-9, 116,121,142, 147,151, 153,154,157, 163,173, 177, 196, 197

Indirect Rule 13, 15, 73, 78, 83, 89, 115, 125, 136, 141, 145, 162-85, 187n.29, 194

282

Index 283

land, landscape 18, 39, 40, 70, 92, 93, 95,97,98,99, 102,103,104,113, 117, 126--7n. 1

language and Mrican intellectuals 96, 99 and colonial state 68, 73-4 and missionaries 74, 96, 99 and pre-colonial state 10, 87-9 fluidity prior to ethnic construction

12,85 law

colonial law 37, 39, 53, 68, 103 customary law 3, 63, 68-9, 73, 75, 77,

81,83,101-3,104,105,106 pre-colonial legal fluidity 69, 73

miscegenation 31, 37, 39, 40, 45-7, 51-3

nationalism 1, 2, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 21, 40,62,64,94,95,98,99, 100,101, 106, 112, 113, 118, 119, 125, 126, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 146, 153, 157, 165

non-governmental organisations 259, 260,261

pres.\ 95, 98, 116,117, 118, 125, 174, 188n.41,223,228,232, 260

public school 32, 33, 42, 63, 66, 91

race theory 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42,46,48,52,53,57n. 19,6ln. 78, 80,84

religion Mrican 'traditional religion'

as a colonial invention 63, 68, 71-2,73,75,78

as an Mrican imagination 81 as constraint on pre-colonial state

power 4, 8 as legitimation 8 as manipulated by pre-colonial state

10 as popular protest 83 as pre-colonial dispersed network

85 as source of ethnic and nationalist

identity 97, 99, 100 and the post-colonial state 228

Christianity Mrican Christians and ethnicity

83,89,96,98,99, 148, 191-20; and nationalism, 15, 93, 95, 99, 191-207; and civil society, 25-6;

and Muslims, 113, 114, 116, 125, 126, 148, 194, 197, 202, 203,205,206,219,237,239-40

and missionaries 1, 7, 18, 39, 40, 49, 171; and their ambiguous relation with the colonial state, 22-4, 72, 191-2, 194, 195, 198, 199,200,206,207,214,261-2; and language, 74;and ethnicity, 79

Pentecostalism 24, 26, 213-43; and protest, 138, 192-3, 261; and state legitimation, 261-2

Islam and education 86, 163, 167, 168,

172, 177, 181, 185 and party politics 147-8, 204 and protest 28n. 36 and state modernisation 24 and trade 114,117,119,125,

127n.8, 128n. 11 and traditional states 162-85,

202-3,204,205 and women 34, 50

science 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 41-2, 63, 64, 65,82,94,227

sexuality 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 31-56, 58n. 29, 61n.85,216,231,232,234,242

slavery 7, 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 39, 50, 61n.85,76, 167,206

state and ideology Mrican traditional states

accused of despotism 1, 2, 11-12 and Christian modernisation 23-4 and civil society 3, 4 and ethnicity 9-12, 86,87-90,97,

99 and gender 4-8, 18-19 dependence on force 72, 86 dependence on ritual 72-3 glorified by nationalism 1, 2 under colonialism 24, 83, 115,

142-4, 148, 155, 162-85 imperial state/imperialism

acceptance by Mricans 15, 103, 119, 122, 126

and capitalism 41, 51 and education 42, 44, 63 and ethnicity 13 and gender 4, 6, 7, 8, 13, 31-56,

65-6 and missionaries 23, 39, 40, 214 and ritual 31, 49, 50, 64, 65, 79 and science 32, 34, 35, 37, 42, 63

284 Index imperial state/imperialism -continued

and terror 12, 31 and tradition 8, 31, 33, 50, 63

colonial state/colonialism and Mrican acquiescence 2, 15,

103 and Mrican collaborators 69, 83,

91,92,93,98,99, 100,101,104, 105, 138

and Mrican religion 71, 72, 73 and Christianity 22-3, 24, 72,

112-26, 191-207, 214 and civil society 16, 95, 96, 102 and ethnicity 12, 14, 63, 70-1, 82,

83,84,92,95,97,99,202-6 and gender 7, 8, 12, 13, 37, 66, 67,

104-5, 106 and intervention in rural society

18,19,99 and invented tradition 63, 64, 65,

68,69, 75,76-7,78, 79,81, 85-6,91,92,101,103,104,105

and Islam 191-207 andlanguage 73,74 and nationalism 15, 19, 93, 99,

100, 112-26, 135-58 and relative autonomy 90 and reliance on force 2, 67, 71,

73,90,91,95 and settler capitalism 95

post-colonial state and bureaucracy 20, 26 and Christianity 24, 25, 26,

214-43,260-2 and ceremonial 106-7 and civil society 19, 20, 102, 107,

260-2 and democratic movements 17, 19

and economic decline 213-43; 247-55

and ethnicity 20, 21, 26, 106 and gender 20 and international powers 247-55 and Islam 24, 26, 238-45 and law 102-3 and NGOs 259-60 and social differentiation 213-43 and tradition 106, 135, 136 and violence 216, 223 indictments of 1, 24, 226, 234,

235,237,238,258,259,262 legitimation of 2, 135, 136, 262

trade 7,8,41,85, 112,114,118,120, 121,122,125, 128nn. 10, 11, 12and 13, 130n. 71,154,195,222,223, 225,247-55

tradition Mrican imagination of tradition

62-107 And post-colonial states 106-7 cultural repertoire 75-7 Imperial myths 32, 33, 63, 66, 67, 79,

91 Invented by colonial states 2, 3, 7, 8,

9,62-107 Manipulated by pre-colonial states

10,64, 79,89 Nationalist myths 50, 97, 98, 99, 100,

135, 149, 154 Peasant innovation within tradition

20,77-8,85-6,97,99,102,103 Popular repudiation 219, 228

witchcraft 72, 219, 220, 227, 228, 235, 236,237,238,245n.23