Part I.:*What are the five major kinds of LINES ?*What are the two basic categories of SHAPE ?FORM?*How does SHAPE and FORM differ?*What are COLOR FAMILIES or GROUPS?*What are the three properties of COLOR?*What are the two kinds of TEXTURE?*What is VALUE?*How do artists show SPACE in their artworks?

Line is a point set into motion….a dot moving through space.

There are five basic kinds of lines.These include:

Horizontal=

Vertical =

Diagonal =

Zigzag =

Curved =

When used in an artwork LINES can relate Feelings…………

VERTICAL LINES show dignity , strength , and formality

HORIZONTAL LINES feel calm, relaxed, and comfortable.

DIAGONAL LINES show action and excitement! They can make us feel tense and uncomfortable!

ZIGZAG LINES can suggest action, nervous excitement, and confusion.

CURVED LINES express graceful, flowing movement.

Salvador Dali Georgia O'Keefe Grant Wood

Piet Mondrian

Viewing the above artworks, you can see how artists incorporateLines into their art !

Shape is the area set off by one or more of the art elements.

Shapes can be classified into two classes:

*Geometric shapes = precise shapes such as the circle ,triangle

, rectangle, oval, and square.

*Organic shapes = these shapes are not regular or even…and are Often found in nature.

In Georgia O’Keeffe’s and Piet Mondrian’s works we canSee the two basic kinds of shapes.

Form is an object with three dimensions.In drawing, it is creating the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface.

Three-dimensionalTwo-dimensional

We can see in the following works how the artists relate FORM:

Michelangelo

CassattDali

DalivanGogh

The Basic Color Wheel

Primary Colors Secondary Colors Intermediate Color

Primary Colors

• Primary colors are the original colors. These cannot be made by mixing any other colors.

• They are the building block colors from which all other colors originate.

• The three primary colors are: Red

Yellow

Blue

Artists’ Use of Primary Color

Piet Mondrian

Edward Hopper Auguste Renoir

Secondary Colors

Secondary Colors are colors created by mixing equal amounts primary of two colors.

For example:

Red + Yellow = Orange

Yellow + Blue = Green

Blue + Red = Violet

Artists Use of Secondary Color

Auguste Renoir

Vincent van Gogh

Intermediate ColorsIntermediate colors (also known as tertiary colors) are colors created by mixing

a primary color with its’ neighboring secondary color. For example: Primary Red + Secondary Orange = Red Orange / Orange Red

Primary Blue + Secondary Violet = Blue Violet / Violet Blue

Primary Yellow + Secondary Green = Green Yellow / Yellow Green

Intermediate Colors

Primary Color Secondary

Color

Intermediate

Color

Secondary

Color

Intermediate

Color

Warm Colors

Warm Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main warm colors are:

Red Orange Yellow

Warm colors suggest energy, action, and normally optically advance!

Artists Use of Warm Colors

Rothko

Munch

Cezanne

Van Gogh

Cool ColorsCool Colors are in one of the two groups of which colors are often divided. The three main cool colors are:

Blue Green Violet

Cool colors suggest calmness and peacefulness.

Optically, they tend to recede.

Artists Use of Cool Colors

Mary Cassatt

Vincent van Gogh

Henri Matisse

Vincent van Gogh

Claude Monet

Georges Seurat

Analogous Colors

Analogous Colors are colors neighboring on the color wheel having a common “hue”. Examples would be:

Red

Red Violet

Violet Red

Violet

Violet Blue

Blue Violet

Blue

Blue Green

Green Blue

Green

Green yellow

Yellow Green

Yellow

Yellow Orange

Orange Yellow

Orange

Orange Red

Red Orange

Analogous Colors

Color ShadesThe SHADE of a color is changed by adding Black.

Color Tints

Color Tints are changed by adding white. The exception to this would be by watercolorists -who add water!

Texture is how something feels or looks like it feels.We experience texture thru our senses of sight and touch

There are three basic kinds of Textures. These are:

*Natural or actual…Is what you experience when you actually touch an object.Porcupines would be sharp..feathers could be soft.

*Artificial = Man made …like rope, yarn, netting *Simulated = Man made to look like it has a texture.

In these works, we can see how the artist relates Textures….

Claude Monet

Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh

Value is the lightness or darkness of A hue. To change the value of a colorYou add white (or water in watercolors)to change its TINT and Black to changeits shade.Monochromatic means the same thing..

Space is the distance or area between, around, below, and within things.

*There are two basic kinds of Space : positive and negative. Positive space is the object itself; Negative space is the area in and around the object.

Look at these images byMary Cassatt and distinguishbetween the positive spaceand the negative space!

Space……………………

Artists use various technique to give the illusion of DEPTH in theirworks of art. Some of these include :

1.= Overlapping2.= Size3.= Focus4.= Placement5.= Intensity and Value6.= Linear Perspective

Lets take a look at some of these……………..

Space……………

1.OVERLAPPING is when the artist has one shape in front of the other.

In this image by Mary Cassatt, the girl in the foreground is “overlapping” the girl looking thru the binoculars.

SPACE………………………………

SIZE = is making distant shapes smaller than closer ones.

Monet’s boats in the background are smaller than the ones in the foreground

FOCUS = Artists add more detail to objects in the foreground,

less detail to objects in the background.

Vincent van Gogh’s Irises are more distinct in the foreground than the background.

Space…………………..

PLACEMENT: Artists also show space by placing distant objects Higher up on the picture (background) and closer ones lower down on the picture ( middle ground and foreground).

Foreground

Middle ground

Background

We also must take into consideration that WARM colors ADVANCEWhile COOL colors RECEDE.

SPACE…..

In this image by John Constable, we can see that objects farther away Appear higher than those closer to us.

Space…………….

Intensity and Value:Artists often used colors lower in intensity and lighter in value for objects in the distance.

In this artwork by Monet, we can see how the color becomes less Intense and lighter in value.

Space…………

Linear Perspective = An artist uses slanted lineson buildings and other objects so that they appear to come together in the distance.

We can see in the following works how linear perspective draws The viewer into the artwork.

Vincent van Gogh Vincent van Gogh

Claude Monet

Claude Monet

Part II. What are PRINCIPLES OF ART?

*What does using EMPHASIS enable the artist to do?*What is RHYTHM/PATTERN / REPETITION and what two ways do artists use it in their artworks?*What are the three basic kinds of BALANCE?*What is CONTRAST and how do artists use this in their works of art?*What is UNITY and how does it create a whole picture?*Why is PROPORTION in an artwork important?*How is MOVEMENT like a tour guide?

The Principles of Art are basically rules or guidelines that govern the way in which the Art Elements go together.These include:

*EMPHASIS*PATTERN/RHYTHM*BALANCE*CONTRAST/VARIETY*HARMONY*UNITY*PROPORTION*MOVEMENT

Lets take a look at these individually…………….

EMPHASIS is used by an artist to makean element or object stand out in a workof art.EMPHASIS is used by the artist to controlWhat part of the artwork the viewer seesmost or most often.EMPHASIS is also used by the artist to control how long a viewer spends lookingat each of the different parts.

Emphasis:

To make an element or object in a work of art stand Out…..artists use emphasis.

Emphasis = Emphasis of size

Emphasis = Emphasis of color

Emphasis of line

Salvador Dali

Van Gogh

Grant Wood

BALANCE in an artwork, it the arrangement of art elements so thatno one part of a work overpowers, orseems heavier than, any other part.

There are three basic types of balance.These are: *Symmetrical or Formal Balance

*Asymmetrical or Informal Balance *Radial Balance

Symmetrical or Formal Balance is created when one half of a work of art mirrors the other half..

Symmetrical or Formal Balance is predictable, thus, sometimes less interesting.

Leonardo da Vinci

Georgia O’Keeffe Claude Monet

Asymmetrical or Informal Balance is evident whentwo unlike objects appear to have equal weight. When used skillfully, it can create more interesting compositions.

Vincent van Gogh

Mary Cassatt

Radial Balance in an artwork occurs when the elements or objects are positioned around a central point.

HARMONYHARMONY

Is created by using Is created by using pleasing combinations of pleasing combinations of the art elements such as the art elements such as line, shape, form, color, line, shape, form, color, texture, space and texture, space and value.value.

CONTRAST/VARIETY in an artwork is created-when the artist makes a difference in value, color,texture,shape,line,form,or space.

Value Contrast

by Durer

Color Contrast by Monet Texture Contrast

by OKeeffe

Line ContrastBy Van Gogh

Form Contrast by Marat

Space Contrast by Monet

Contrast/Variety

MOVEMENT in a work of art directs the viewerthrough the art piece –often to the focal area.Italso encourages the viewer to sense action within the work.

Van Gogh Van Gogh

V Van Gogh

Pattern / Repetition /Rhythm is the repeatingof shapes, lines, color, or other artelements in planned or random order to create interest or make the artwork more exciting.

Andy Warhol

Vincent van Gogh

Mary Cassatt

In art, PROPORTION is the size of objectsand how they relate to each other and to the whole.

Grant Wood Mary Cassatt Mary Cassatt

UNITYUNITYAll parts of the artwork work together to All parts of the artwork work together to

create the whole piece, without create the whole piece, without distractionsdistractions