Part 4 Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll America’s Musical Landscape...
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Transcript of Part 4 Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll America’s Musical Landscape...
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Part 4Vernacular Musics Since Rock
and RollChapter 13: Rock and Roll
America’s Musical Landscape 6th edition
© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved
2© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 2
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll With the coming of rock and roll, American
popular music diversified as never before
Pop and country-western struggled to hold their own against the powerful new music
In time, various styles found audiences and vied for popularity with rock and among themselves
Disco, new wave, gospel, rap, jazz, regional and ethnic musics
3© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 3
Vernacular Art The beat generation of the 1950s
A term invented by Jack Kerouac Originally involving his talented friends who provided some
of the twentieth century’s most inspired poetry and prose Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac,
friends and colleagues stood for nonconformity… Which was a concept in vogue in Europe
At the same time, performers gave vent to the same spirit motivating the literary beats
James Dean, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley
4© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 4
Vernacular Art: Visual Arts Visual arts found new means of expression and established new
artistic ideals
Pop artist Andy Warhol (1928-1987)
Puzzled and intrigued his contemporaries Achieved new color harmonies with silk-screen prints His “serial” paintings, multiple repetitions of an image,
feature common objects of popular American culture Movie stars, advertising logos, political figures, more
Identified with some vernacular musicians of his day 1965: Punk rock group Velvet Underground
accompanied the showing of one of Warhol’s artworks
5© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 5
Vernacular Music During the twentieth century, popular or vernacular music
became a significant cultural concept and an important business
Recent decades have produced an unprecedented variety of popular music
Grunge, hip-hop, alternative rock, women in rock, new country, teenybop, Latin pop, rave
All of these styles have not replaced but rather joined rhythm and blues, classic rock, light pop, and the other music of our popular culture
6© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 6
Vernacular Music: The 1990s and Early Twenty-first Century 1990s: One of pop’s most experimental periods
Technological advances brought down recording costs Computerized inventories allowed stores to carry more
stock
Early Twenty-first century Downloading of music has changed the nature of the pop
marketplace Challenging major labels to find new ways to make money in
what may soon be the post-CD era
7© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 7
Vernacular Music Today We are in the midst of a prodigiously
productive period
Richer than any earlier time
Richer than any other contemporary culture in the variety, quantity, and quality of our vernacular music
8© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Chapter 13: Rock and RollThe Generation Gap Independence and rebellion among American youth
Gap in communication
between adolescents
and their parents
Shift in popular music; interest moving from instrumental music to song
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9© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Rhythm and Blues Shared elements of Black Gospel Music including hand-
clapping, call and response, melodic improvisation
1949 – “Billboard” magazine referred to black popular music as “rhythm and blues”
Key Figures: Joe Turner “Boss of the Blues” (1911-1985) Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton (1926-1984)
Doo-Wop
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10© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Country Music Meets R & B Shared Characteristics:
Rooted in the South Danceable Used guitar Frank lyrics Sung in dialects different from mainstream white
urban population
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11© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Birth of Rock and Roll Convinced that white listeners would reject
the raucous sound, rhythm-and-blues was not generally programmed on mainsteam radio
Alan Freed: Disc jockey in Cleveland, Ohio who realized that white teens preferred R&B to mainstream popular music credited with coining the term “rock and roll”
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12© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Bill Haley (1925-1981) Bill Haley and His Comets (1925-1981)
Combined white western swing with black rhythm and blues
Rock Around the Clock was the first international rock and roll hit
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13© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Elvis Presley (1935-1977) Rockabilly – Hybrid of rock
and hillbilly Achieved an unprecedented
degree of popularity
“Heartbreak Hotel” (1956)
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14© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Early Characteristics of Rock and Roll
Accompanying instruments included amplified guitars, saxophone, trumpet
Quadruple meter
Danceable tempo
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15© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Chuck Berry (b. 1926)
One of the most talented of the early black stars of rock and roll
Fused rhythm-and-blues with country-western elements
Songwriter, guitarist, singer and dynamic performer Known for his “duckwalk” across the stage Strongly influenced the Beatles and the
Rolling Stones
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16© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
End of the First Era Elvis was drafted into the army
Little Richard left R & R for some time
Buddy Holly died in a plane crash
Chuck Berry was arrested
Jerry Lee Lewis was the focus of a scandal
Payola investigations (1959-60) revealed evidence of bribing disc jockeys
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17© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 17
Listening Example 52School Daysby Chuck BerryListening guide page 231
Meter: Quadruple. Notice how uneven subdivisions of the strongly accented beats result in a “shuffle” effect
Timbre: Male vocal solo (Chuck Berry), accompanying himself on guitar, with piano and drums
Texture: Homophonic. Listen for the call-and-response between Berry and his guitar.
The lyrics to this catchysong describe a day inthe life of a 1950s highschool student.
18© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Surfing Music Surfing songs described
relaxed life in CA
Brian Wilson (b. 1942) formed the Beach Boys in the 1960s
Pet Sounds: Influential theme album
Good Vibrations: Best-selling single featuring non-traditional rock music sounds.
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19© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Motown Formed by black songwriter, Berry Gordy
Jr., to aggressively market black rock and roll
Established in “motor town” – Detroit Motown groups included:
Diana Ross and The Supremes The Temptations The Miracles
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20© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 20
Listening Example 53Stop! In the Name of Loveby Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie HollandPerformed by The SupremesListening guide page 234
Meter: Quadruple. Notice the constant steady pulse, no sophisticated cross-rhythms or polyrhythms
Form: Modified verse-chorus. The chorus, or refrain, serves as the “hook,” a catchy four-measure phrase that begins the song and recurs after each verse
This recording featuresthe Supremes (femalevocal trio) accompaniedby the Funk Brothers backup band. The songis said to have had itsorigin in a real-life dispute between one of the songwriters and hisgirlfriend.
21© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
The British Invasion The Beatles were formed in Liverpool, England by
John Lennon. Included Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr
1964 performance on Ed Sullivan Show in the USA
Song I Want to Hold Your Hand led to Beatlemania
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22© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Back to Black Rock: Gospel
Also called “religious blues” Descends from spirituals created in slave cultures
Thomas A. Dorsey (1899-1993)“Father of Gospel Music”
Ray CharlesFusion of Gospel and Blues
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23© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 23
Listening Example 54Down by the RiversideAnonymousPerformed by Sister Rosetta TharpeListening guide page 237
Meter: Quadruple. Timbre: Solo voice and guitar (both Tharpe), male chorus, piano, bass
Texture: Homophonic.
A traditional spiritual or gospel song performedby Sister Rosetta Tharpe,who was known for herfiery R&B guitar playing as well as her gospel singing.
24© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Back to Black Rock: Soul Black artists, resented basically white flavor
of Motown Created a kind of updated rhythm and
blues “Soul” was a post-1950s term for black
pride, and came to replace the term “rhythm and blues”
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25© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Soul Secular lyrics and gospel energy were blended together Aretha Franklin known as “Lady Soul” and “Queen of Soul”
transferred emotional gospel style to popular and rhythm-and-blues songs
Ray Charles (1930-2004), the “father of soul”, sang secular songs with the abandon of gospel music
Used call-and-response to involve the audience
James Brown (1933-2007), the “godfather of soul” pointed soul in a fiery new direction
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26© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll 26
Listening Example 55Papa’s Got a Brand New BagComposed and performed by James BrownListening guide page 239
Meter: Quadruple. Overlapping independent rhythm patterns (polyrhythms) add timbral and rhythmic interest
Timbre: Vocalist James Brown accompanied by bass, horns, drums, and guitar.
Form: 12-bar blues, with adaptation. The second line of text in each verse is original, departing from the traditional form.
The emphasis on African-influenced polyrhythmsmore than melody movethis soul song in the direction of funk.
27© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
Back to Black Rock: Funk New expression of black consciousness
Rooted in soul
Interracial issues often the subject of lyrics
Highly complex rhythms
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28© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
From Rock and Roll to Rock Racial tensions, race riots, and the murder
of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. changed the mood and the music of the country
Popular music reflected the mood of protest Against discrimination, authoritarianism, the war
in Vietnam
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29© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
From Rock and Roll to Rock: Psychedelic RockAlso called “acid rock” after the psychedelic drug LSDBegan in San Francisco in 1965Attempted to reproduce sensations of someone under the influence of LSDMusic was loud and distorted, causing emotional effects in the listenerShows featured special effects such as dramatic lighting and smoke and fog machines
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30© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
From Rock and Roll to Rock: Psychedelic Blues Janis Joplin (1943-1970)
White singer inspired by Bessie Smith and Willie Mae “Big Mama” Thornton
Jim Hendrix (1942-1970) Sang of despair and frustration, anger and
violence Developed guitar techniques to astounding levels
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31© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
From Rock and Roll to Rock: Heavy Metal Sound of the late 1960s was inspired by
Led Zeppelin
Frenzied performances and distorted guitar sounds
Theatrics dominated rock performances as in music by Alice Cooper
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32© 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Part 4: Vernacular Musics Since Rock and Roll Chapter 13: Rock and Roll
A Future Unassured Major rock festivals were held across the
country In August 1969, the Woodstock festival was
attended by more than 400,000 people Some festivals spawned violence and tragedy
Rock music had grown strong and varied, but its future seemed insecure as the 1970s began
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