Part (2) Of Catfincut96
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Transcript of Part (2) Of Catfincut96
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Produced byDonald R. Privett, Ph.D.- P.G.
Environmental and Engineering Geologist
Lower Catawba River Valley ofSouthern Chester and Lancaster
Counties, S.C. - Geology -Archeology and History
Part 2
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Single tors, tor clusters and tor fields are
common in the Great Falls Metagranite
especially along the steeper slopes along
drainage draws and along the slopes of most
creeks flowing into the Catawba River.
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33How tors form.How tors form.
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43Large tor showing
exfoliation and jointing.
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53Tor cluster on steep slope that has collapsed.
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In the past one million years (Pleistocene) a series of ice sheets covered northern North America. Ocean volume was reduced - sea levels dropped more than 300 feet during some glacial epochs. Reduced sea level provided a steeper river gradient - down cutting was much greater. During interglacial epochs sea levels rose reducing gradients - slowing river downcutting. Sea level fluctuations resulted in greater erosion and down cutting, removed saprolite along steep slopes exposing widespread single and multiple corestones
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Tors on the divides are embedded in saprolite, upper tors collapsed onto the lower ones in the larger fields.Cascades, rapids and falls formed at several locations where tor fields and large near surface bedrock exposures were exhumed.
The Great Falls Of The Catawba dropped about 35 meters, the river about 54 meters in a distance of 13 kilometers.
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Topographic map of area river diverted below Fishing Creek
Dam.
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93Aerial photograph 2004 contour interval = 2 feetAerial photograph 2004 contour interval = 2 feet
Cont. at Cont. at rightright
Cont. at Cont. at rightright
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South end of long South end of long bypass.bypass.
South end of long South end of long bypass.bypass.
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Erosion and Weathering During Pleistocene River Entrenchment Exposed Numerous Tors (Boulders).
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The Exposed The Exposed Nitrolee Riverbed Riverbed
Exfoliated Granite Exposed in Middle of River Bed, Facing Southeast. Exfoliated Granite Exposed in Middle of River Bed, Facing Southeast.
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Exfoliation in Granite, Rounded by Water Flow.Exfoliation in Granite, Rounded by Water Flow.Exfoliation in Granite, Rounded by Water Flow.Exfoliation in Granite, Rounded by Water Flow.
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River Bed Looking North.
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153Exfoliation dome.
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163Exfoliation dome.Exfoliation dome.
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Looking south.
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Granite Pavement in Middle of Exposed River Bed.
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19312/22/2008 433
Typicalexposure,MountainIsland in
Back.
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Round granite Round granite boulder that boulder that rolled from rolled from
steep slope into steep slope into the river.the river.
Round granite Round granite boulder that boulder that rolled from rolled from
steep slope into steep slope into the river.the river.
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213Very large tor perched on cliff.
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Tor, Possibly Rolled Onto Rock Pavement.
Large pavement outcrop.
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Two large round tors that may have rolled from steep slope into the main channel note base altered by water
flow.
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Excellent pedestal rock in main river channel Nitrolee riverbed.
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253Large pedestal undercut by water flow.Large pedestal undercut by water flow.Large pedestal undercut by water flow.Large pedestal undercut by water flow.
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263 Anvil rock - a pedestal rock undercut by flowing
waters.
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Details of layered metaDetails of layered metagranitegranite texture texture
on a water on a water polishedpolished surface. surface.
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Metagranite (light) and Metagranite (light) and metadiorite?metadiorite?
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Weathered sheared metagranite, off Brooklyn Weathered sheared metagranite, off Brooklyn Road.Road.
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Granular texture in an altered metagranite.
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Mafic dikes have been intruded into the granite, they contain minerals that are more water
soluble, therefore, are weathered more relative to the
metagranite.
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A dike intruded into metagranite. Location is a roadcut above the river near Dearborn dam. Rocks here are weathered to saprolite i.e.
minerals are chemically altered in place.
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Vertical Mafic Dikes Injected Into the Metagranite.
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343Mafic dike offset by faulting.
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Contact of mafic dike and granite.Contact of mafic dike and granite.
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Metagranite
Metagranite
Brunton Brunton compass for compass for
scale.scale.
Brunton Brunton compass for compass for
scale.scale.
Mafic dikeMafic dike