Data from theNATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

Series 11Number 10@

ParentRatingsofBehavioralPatternsof ChildrenUnitedStates

Specific behaviors, traits, degrees of re-sponsibility, and use of “leisure” time of

children, by age end sex.

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 72-1010

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFAREPublic Health Service

Health Services and Mental Health AdministrationNational Center for Health StatisticsRockviile, Md. November 1971

Series 11 reports present findings from the National Health ExaminationSurvey, which obtains data through direct examination, tests, and meas-urements of samples of the U.S. population. Reports 1 through 37 relate

to the adult program; additional reports concerning this program areforthcoming and will be numbered consecutively. The present reportis one of a number of reports of findings from the children and youthprograms, Cycles II and III of the Health Examination Survey. Thesereports, emanating from the same survey mechanism, are being pub-lished in Series 11 but are numbered consecutively beginning with 101.It is hoped this will guide users to the data in which they are interested.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 2U402- Prtce 50 cents

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

THEODORE D. WOOLSEY, .lXrector

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D., Associate Director

OSWALD K. SAGEN, Ph. D., Assistant Director for Health Statistics Development

WALT R. SIMMONS, M.A., Asszktant Director for Research and Scientific Development

JAMES E. KELLY, D,D.S., Dental Advisor

EDWARD E. MINTY, Executive Officer

ALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF HEALTH EXAMINATION STATISTICS

ARTHUR J. McDOWELL, Director

PAUL T. BRUYERE, M.D., Deputy DirectorJAMES T. BAIRD, Jr. Chiefi Methodological Research Staff

JEAN ROBERTS, Chiej Medical Statistical Branch

LINCOLN I. OLIVER, Chief, Psychological Statistics Branch

HAROLD J. DUPUY, Ph.D., Psyckofogical Advisor

COOPERATION OF THE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

In accordance with specifications established by the National Health Sur-vey, the Bureau of the Census, under a contractual agreement, participatedin the design and selection of the sample, and carried out the first stage ofthe field interviewing and certain parts of the statistical processing.

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 11-No. 108

DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 72-1010Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-610278

CONTENTSPage

Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------

The Behavioral Questions ----------------------------------------------

Ftidtigs -------------------------------------------------------------Early Behavior Development ------------------------------------------Sleep Behavior -----------------------------------------------------Eating Habits and Behavior ------------------------------------------Peer Relations -----------------------------------------------------Other Specific Behaviors --------------------------------------------Traits -------------------------------------------------------------Responsibilities ----------------------------------------------------Organized Activity --------------------------------------------------Use of Tfie -------------------------------------------------------

Summary -------------------------------------------------------------

References -----------------------------------------------------------

List of Detailed Tables ------------------------------------------------

Appendix I. Statistical Notes -----------------------------------------~eSurvey Desi~--------------------------------------------------Reliability ---------------------------------------------------------Sampling and Measurement Error -------------------------------------Small Categories ---------------------------------------------------

Appendix II. ~eQuestionnaties ---------------------------------------

1

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1012

15

16

17

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SYMBOLS

Data not available ----------------------- ---

Category not applicable ------------------ . . .

.Quantity zero --------------------------- -

Quantity more than Obutless than O.05---- 0.0 IFigure doesnot meet standards ofreliability or precision ------------------ *

iv

PARENT RATINGS OF BEHAVIORAL PATTERNSOF CHILDREN

Jean Roberts and James T. Baird, Jr., Division of Health Examination Statistics

INTRODUCTION

This report contains information from par-ent s’ ratings of the behavioral patterns of theirchiMren 6-11 years of age in the noninstitutionalpopulation of the United States as obtained in theHealth Examination Survey of 1963-65. Only ageand sex differentials are considered in this firstof a series of reports on various aspects of thebehavior of children as rated by parents and teach-ers. These findings provide more definite baselinedata on the behavior of American children of thisage than have been available previously.

The Health Examination Survey is one of themajor programs within the National Center forHealth Statistics which carries out the NationalHealth Survey as authorized in 1956 by the 84thCongress.

Three different survey programs are used toaccomplish the objectives of the National HealthSurvey. 1 The Health Interview Survey, which isused to obtain information by household interviewamong samples of people, is concerned primarilywith the impact of illness and disability upon thelives and actions of people. The Health ResourcesDivision obtains health data as well as healthresource and utilization information through sur-veys of hospitals, nursing homes, and otherresident institutions and the entire range ofpersonnel in the health occupations. The thirdprogram used for the National Health Survey is theHealth Examination Survey.

In the Healthcollected through

Examination Survey, data aredirect physical examination,

tests, and measurements performed on the samplepopulation selected for study. This is the mostaccurate way to obtain definite diagnostic data onthe prevalence of certain medically defined ill-nesses. It is the only way to secure informationon unrecognized and undiagnosed conditions aswell as on a variety of physical, physiological,and psychological measurements within the pop-ulation. In addition, it makes possible the studyof relationships among the various examinationfindings and between these findings and certaindemographic and socioeconomic factors.

The Health Examination Survey is carried outas a series of separate programs referred to as“cycles.” Each cycle is concerned with somespecific segment of the total U.S. population,usually a particular age group, and with certainspecified” aspects of health of that subpopulation.In the first cycle, data were obtained on theprevalence of certain chronic diseases and on thedistribution of various measurements and othercharacteristics in a defined adult population.2~ 3

For the second program or cycle of theHealth Examination Survey, on which this reportis based, a probability sample of the Nation’snoninstitutionalized children 6-11 years of agewas selected and examined. The examinationfocused particularly on health factors related togrowth and development, but it also screened forheart disease, congenital abnormalities, ear-nose-throat conditions, and neuro-musculo- skel-etal abnormalities. It included an examination bya pediatrician; an examination by a dentist; testsadministered by a psychologist; and a variety of

1

tests, procedures, and measurements by tech-nicians. A comprehensive description of thesurvey plan, sample design, content of the ex-amination, and operation of the survey has beenpresented in another report}

This second cyc~e of the survey was startedin July 1963, and field collection operations werecompleted in December 1965. Of the 7,417 childrenselected for the sample, 7,119’ (96 percent) wereexamined. This national sample is representativeof the roughly 24 million children 6-11 years ofage in the United States living outside institutions.

A standardized single-visit examination wasgiven each child by the examining team in thespecially designed mobile units used for thesurvey. Prior to the examination, informationwas obtained from the parent of the child,including demographic and socioeconomic dataon the household members as well as medicalhistory, behavioral, and related data on the childto be examined. Ancillary data for the child wererequested from the school attended (or lastattended), including grade placement, teacher’sratings of his behavior and adjustment, and healthproblems known to the teacher. Birth certificatesfor verification of the child’s age and informationrelated to the child at birth were also obtained.

Statistical notes on survey design, reliabilityof the data, and sampling and measurement errorare shown in appendix I.

THE BEHAVIORAL QUESTIONS

Behavioral information related to the growthand development of children was obtained in thissurvey from the parent, usually the mother, andfrom the school for those enrolled there. Ratingswere given by the teacher who had sufficientknowledge of the child to do this fairly. Sincethis report presents only the ratings by theparent, the description of instruments used willbe limited here to that phase.

Information from the parent was obtainedin part on a self-administered medical historyquestionnaire left in the home of the samplechild by the Census interviewer and in moredetail on a supplemental medical history whichwas administered about 2 weeks later by theHealth Examination Survey (HES) field repre-sentative (see appendix II). At the time the HES

field representativemental information,

was obtaining this supple-she also reviewed the self-

administered history and answered questionsthat the parent may have had concerning thatform.

The self-administered questionnaire includedthree items on the early developfiental history—the age when he spoke his first real word, theage when he walked by himself, and the parent’srating of the relative speed with which the childlearned to do certain things by or for himselfsuch as eating. or talking. Questions were alsoincluded here on sleeping or sleep-related habitsor behavior.

On the interviewer-administered supplement,questions were asked about eating habits orproblems; responsibilities in the home; peerrelations; specific problem behaviors; the degreeof adjustment (tension level, temper control);outside activities; and the extent of time spent invarious specific activities in and outside the homesuch as watching television, listening to radio,reading, playing, and working or doing chores.

These questions, shown in appendix II, rangedfrom ones requiring recall of specific recent andearlier events or practices to those involvingparents’ ratings of their perception of certainaspects of the child’s behavior.

The principal reasons for including thesebehavioral questions in the survey were for thestudy of interrelationships with other data fromthe examination such as school achievement,physical and mental growth and development, andsensory or other defects. However, the patternsshown here have considerable value per se asbaseline data for assessing general problem areasin adjustment, emotional development, and thelike.

FINDINGS

Early Behavior Development

Key elements in the early behavior devel-opment of children were rated on the basis ofthe parent’s recall of the age at which the childfirst walked by himsel~ the age when he spokehis first real word; and the parent’s impressionof the speed, relative to other children, with

2

which the child learned to do things by or forhimself such as eating or talking.

Nearly half (48 percent) of the Americanchildren 6-11 years old living outside institutionswere reported as having started uxzlking bythemselves before their first birthday (table 1).By age 18 months over 95 percent had started tow~~lk unaided. The pattern was similar at eachyear of age over the age range in the study. Thesefindings are roughly consistent with those ofothers including Gesell in 1941,5 who indicatedthat in the second year, or by about 18 months,the child walks and runs. In the present studygirls were reported as having started to walksomewhat earlier than boys. Except for thereversal at age 6 years the proportion of girlswalking before their first birthday consistentlyexceeded that for boys.

Language development nearly paralleled thewalking phases of motor development in children.Nearly 43 percent of the children (46 percentamong those whose parents could remember this)had spoken their first real word before theirfirst birthday and nearly 84 percent (91 percentof those for whom an age was given) had done soby age 18 months. The proportion starting totalk after 18 months—8 percent of the total,9 percent among those for whom an age wasreported—was significantly higher than for thosewhose starting to walk was delayed to this age(4 percent). Again these findings are roughlyconsistent with those from other studies includingthose of Bayley,G Cattell~ and Gesell.5’8’9 Inthe present survey, a higher proportion of girlsthan boys were reported to have spoken theirfirst real word prior to their first birthday.Roughly 46 percent (50 percent of those whoseparents could remember) of the girls spokebefore age 1 year compared with 39 percent(43 percent of the “known” group) of the boys.Parallel findings have been reported by Oetzeland others.1~

Parent ratings on lemming speed showedthat about one in five children (20 percent) wereconsidered to have learned to do things bythemselves faster and that less than one “in 20(4 percent) were slower than other children.Relatively more girls than boys were rated ashaving learned faster than other children (24percent compared with 17percent), the differences

being statistically significant throughout the agerange in the study.

Sleep Behavior

Factors related to or possibly affecting sleep,which give some indication of the degree ofindependence and adjustment of children, areconsidered here. These include sleeping arrange-ments at home and frequency of sleeping awayfrom home and family; indications of disturbedsleep such as sleep walking, unpleasant dreams,and the effect of television, radio, or movies onsleep; behavioral problems related to sleepincluding trouble going to bed or to sleep ortaking a nap; and usual bedtime.

Sleep anvan,gements.-About one child out offour (25 percent) of this age range slept alonein a separate room (table 2). The proportionincreased from 20 percent at age 6 to morethan 30 percent at ages 10 and 11 years. Thefindings were similar in this respect for boysand girls, although these arrangements werereported for a slightly smaller proportion ofyounger boys under the age of 9 years than forgirls of that age.

More than 40 percent (42 percent of the total,44 percent of those for whom this question wasanswered) of children 6-11 years shared a roomwith a sibling but slept in a separate bed, andan additional roughly 24 percent shared a bedwith a sibling. The proportion sharing a bedroomwith a sibling was somewhat lower for the olderchildren 10 and 11 years of age, while theproportion sharing a bed dropped off only at age11 years.

Boys are more apt to share a room with asibling of the same sex than are ~irls but,conversely, girls are more likely to share abed with a sibling of the same sex, as shown intables A and 2. This pattern is found throughoutthe age range with the differences large enoughto be statistically significant at each year of age.

Information was not ~btained on the extentof multiple sharing (with more than one siblingof the same or opposite sex).

Less than 5 percent of children shared abedroom or a bed with their parents. They wereslightly more likely to sleep in the same bedroombut in another bed rather than to share the same

3

Tab le A. Percent of children sharingsleeping arrangements with siblings, bysex: United States, 1963-65

Sleeping arrangement lBoys \Girls

PercentShares room with sibling

of same sex---------------- 40.6 32.6

Shares room with siblingof opposite sex------------ 5.4 6.0

Shares bed with siblingof same sex---------------- 19.9 24.3

Shares bed with siblingof opposite sex------------ 1.3 1.3

..

bed. No consistent pattern by age was evidenthere. Relatively fewer boys than girls tendedtoshare a bed with a parent, except at age 6.

More than half of children 6-11 years ofage (57 percent) had slept away from homewithout a memks: of their family present (table3). The gzoportion may be seen to increasesteadily with age from 42 percent at6 yearsto70 percent at 11 years. Only about one in sixchildren were reported to have done this fre-quently.

Boys were less likely than girls to haveslept away from home, either frequently or justa few times. Forallagescombined,theproportionamong boys was 52 percent and among girls 62percent. This sex differential persisted andwasstatistically significant throughout the age range,whether this was done frequently or only occa-sionally.

Sleep disturbance or velated beh.avior.—Factors that may affect sleep or give evidenceof disturbed sleep of children as reported bytheir parents are shown intable4.

More than one child in four (27 percent)were considered by their parents to beinfluencedin how well they getto sleeper sleep by certainTV or radio programs or movies. Noageor sexdifferentials in this rating were observable.Evidence of any substantial physical effects ofthese mass media from available research isessentially negative, however. Maccoby}l

Himmelweit ,12 Furu,13 and others14 have foundthat television watching does postpone averagebedtimes a few minutes but that children whohave stayed up later appear togoto sleep morequickly. There are reports in the researchliterature of children who are frightened byevening television and unable to go to sleep andof children who are sleepy in school becausethey stayed up late at night to see a program,but in none of these studies can one find anyevidence of widespread fatigue or other physicaleffects related to television. Moreover, sub-stantial segments of TV time have been found tobe taken from other mass media such as radiolistening, reading of comic books, and attendanceat movies. Older studies by Renshaw, Miller,and Marquis 15 have found that restlessnessduring sleep increased after seeing motion pic-tures.

About 2 percent of the children were reportedto have had frequent unpleasant dreams ornightmares and an additional 42 percent to havehad them occasionally. No age or sex differentialswere identifiable in the prevalence of this typeof sleep disturbance.

Parents indicated that about 10 percen; ofthese children did some sleepwalking; however,for less than 1 percent was this a frequentoccurrence. The proportion was slightly loweramong the younger children—both boys andgirls—aged 6 and 7 years. At ages 8 and 9 moreboys than girls were reported to have done this.Aside ~om this no consistent age or sex differ-entials were evident.

Indications of the prevalence of sleep-relatedbehavioral problems are shown in table 5.

Considerable difficulty over an extendedperiod of time in getting children to go to bedwas indicated for about one out of every fivechildren 6-11 years of age. The proportionremained fairly consistent for both boys andgirls throughout this age range.

Parents of more than 12 percent of childrenof this age range reported that they had hadquite a bit of trouble over a considerable periodof time in getting them to go to sleep. No age-related “mend was found. Relatively more girlsthan boys were reported to have created such aproblem at each year of age; however, the

4

differences were too small to be statisticallysignificant.

About 12 percent of children of this agerange were reported to have given their parentssubstantial trouble in getting them to take anap when they were little. No consistent age orsex differences in this respect were found.

Bedtime. —Parents indicated that for children6-11 years of age the usual bedtime was before9 o’clock (median time 8:50). Over 50 percentwent to bed between 8 and 9 p.m. and justunder one-third (32.6 percent) went between 9and 10 (table 6). Less than 10 percent retiredbefore 8 and about 2 percent at 10 or later.Parents of 6 percent of the children indicatedthey did not have any regular bedtime.

As expected, older children usually retiredlater than younger children (figure 1). Half of the6-year-old group retired by or before 8:30, whilehalf of the 11-year -olds retired by or before 9:10.There was essentially no difference betweenboys and girls in this respect to this practice.It should be kept in mind that these data areyear-round averages and do not reflect anydifferences in practice that may exist betweenschool-year and vacation time.

Eating Habits and Behavior

Parents’ ratings of their children’s eatinghabits with respect to the amount of food usuallyeaten and the degree of selectivity of food givesome further insight into the overall behavioralpatterns of American children.

About 10 percent of children 6-11 years ofage were rated as eating too much. The proportionincreased sharply with age up to 9 years, doublingfrom 6 percent at age 6 to nearly 13 percentat 9 years, then remained essentially constantamong the older children 9 through 11years. Bothboys and girls show a similar pattern in thisrespect (table 7).

Relatively more children were rated aseating too little rather than too much—about14 percent compared with the 10 percent whoovereat. The proportion who were thought toeat too little decreases with age from 18 percentamong 6-year -olds to 11 percent among 11-year-olds. Girls more often than boys were believedby their parents to be eating too little. This

50 r

I-6 years

- Ilyeors

40

~ 30zwulxun.

20

10

0 1

BEDTIME

El

L930 lCkOO or9:59 later

igure I, Percent distribution of time 6- and 11-year-old children usual 1y go to bed.

differential is evident at each year of age andbecomes greater among older children of 10and 11 years.

The remaining three out of every fourchildren were considered to usually eat enough.Here the proportion remains essentially invariantwith age but somewhat higher for boys than girls.

Parents indicated that about 7 percent ofchildren 6-11 years were very fussy about foodsand refused to eat many things. Nearly 16 percentwere considered somewhat fussy about the kindsof food eaten. There is a trend toward lessselectivity or “fussiness” with food with in-creasing age (25 percent of the children wereconsidered as being difficult about foods eatenat age 6 compared with 19 percent .at age 11).

One possible indicator of the closeness andstability of the family relationship is the extentto which children regularly eat meals with theirfamilies. Over 90 percent (92 percent of thetotal, 94 percent of those for whom this questionwas answered) usually eat two meals or moreper day with their families. No consistent ageor sex differences were observable in thispractice. More than 5 percent eat just one meal,

5

while less than 1 percent do not regularly eatany meals with their families (table 8).

Information was also obtained here on thenumber of meals these children had eaten sittingdown with others on the day prior to the examina-tion. More than 95 percent did so for two orthree meals, only 2 percent ate just one meal,and again less than 1 percent did not eat in thismanner. Thus the day prior to the examinationwas essentially typical for most of the exam-inees, and when meals were eaten with othersthey tended in general to be with the family.

Peer Relations

The degree of social or other skill devel-opment of children 6-11 years of age in thiscountry has been rated by their parents withrespect to the number and age of their friends,the extent to which their parents know thesefriends, their willingness to meet new friends, andtheir ability to get along with other children.

About three out of every five children (62percent) of this age range were reported bytheir parents to have very many other childrenas good friends (15 percent) or to have a goodnumber of friends and playmates (46 percent)(table 9). No consistent age or sex differencesare evident here. The proportion who had only afew friends (37 percent) decreased somewhatover the age span studied, while the proportionwith many good friends increased.

Challman~6 Hollingshead,17 and Tuddenham18in their studies of friendships among childrenhave found that next to sex age carries the mostweight in peer group formations.

For the vast majority of children in thepresent study—over 80 percent at each year ofage for boys and girls-these friends weremostly about the same age as the child. About8 percent had mostly older friends, 3 percentmostly younger, and 4 percent no particularage concentration among their friends. Boyswere similar to girls in this respect. An age-related trend, however, is evident. The pro-portion with mostly older friends decreasedwith age from about 10 percent at 6 and 7years to 4 percent among 11-year-olds, whilethe proportion with friends predominantly of theirown age increased with age from 81 perceritat 6 and 7 years to 87 percent at 11 years.

Some indication of the parent-child rela-tionship is given by the extent of acquaintancethat the parent has with the child’s friends.For about 80 percent, the parents stated theyknew all, almost all, or quite a number of theirchild’s friends by sight and by first and lastnames. This proportion remained essentiallyconstant with age and was roughly the samefor boys and girls (table 10).

Further evidence of the child’s degree ofsocial adjustment is shown by his willingness tomeet new children and make new friends. About22 percent of the children in this study werereported to be somewhat shy in this respect,the proportion decreasing steadily with age from24 percent among 6-year-olds to 20 percentamong those aged 10 and 11 years (table 11).Relatively more girls than boys were reportedto be somewhat shy—23 percent compared with20 percent. Except at age 8, the differentialwas maintained throughout the age range.

More than one-third of the children (34percent) were reported by their parents to beabout average in willingness to meet new childrenand make new friends. Here, boys (36 percent)were somewhat more likely to be rated averagethan were girls (33 percent).

The remaining 43 percent were said to bevery outgoing and to make new friends easily,the proportion being the same for boys andgirls and showing no consistent age trend.

With respect to children’s ability to getalong with other children, parents rated 95percent as having no difficulty or being well-liked (46 percent) or getting along as well asmost children (49 percent). The proportion ratedin the first of these groups was slightly loweramong boys than girls and increased fairlyconsistently with age, while the opposite patternmay be seen in the second group (table 12).Only about 4 percent of these children werereported to have difficulty getting along withmany chikiren. This rate shows no age-relatedtrend but tends to be higher, though not signif-icantly so, among boys than girls. These findingsare in distinct contrast to those of Glidewelllgamong mothers’ ratings of third-grade publicschool children in St. Louis, Missouri, wherethe prevalence of such a problem was found tobe four times as high as that from the present

6

survey and higher among girls than boys. Thereason for this difference is not readily apparentfrom the available information on questions andinterview techniques used in the St. Louis study.

Other Specific Behaviors

Other key aspects of behavior or emotionaldevelopment of chikiren rated by their parentsin this study included problems with talking,fear of being alone in the dark, experiencesdisturbing to the child, running away, thumb-sucking, and bed-wetting.

Speeck.-While the vast majority of childrengo through a period of baby talk which for mostis relatively brief, some continue to show ordevelop a form of language disorder such asdelayed speech, infantile speech, or other sounddiscrimination or articulation defect or a stutterthat persists even well into the elementaryschool period.~o From this study, problems withtalking were recognized by parents and werereported for 8.4 percent of the children 6-11years of age (table 13). The prevalence of suchconditions decreased with age, from 12.8 percentat age 6 to 6.2 percent at age 11 years, Thedecrease was most rapid among the youngerchildren up to 8 years of age.

Boys were more likely than girls to havesuch defects consistently throughout the agerange in this study. The overall prevalencerates were 9.9 percent for boys 6-11 yearscompared with 6.8 percent for girls of this age.A similar decline with age—the rate at age 11years being only about half that at age 6—maybe seen for both boys and girls (figure 2).

The principal types of problems with talkingidentified by the parents in order of their prev-alence were: hard to understand, 2.7 percent;stammering or stuttering, 2.0 percent; and lisping,1.2 percent. In general the two most prevalentspeech defects decreased with age and weremore prevalent among boys than girls. Lisping,however, was reported slightly more frequentlyamong girls than boys, though the differencewas not large enough to be statistically significant.

The prevalence rates for speech defectsfrom this study do not differ significantly from

15

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AGE IN YEARS

Figure 2. Percent of boys and gi ris for wham a prob-1em with talking was reported, by age.

those of Davis ~1and Glidewelllg among smallergroups of the child population. Daviszl in 1937found the prevalence of articulation defects of9.1 percent among the 6%-year-olds and 9.6percent among the 9%-year-olds in a group of173 singletons (nontwins) with siblings from aMinnesota study. Glidewe1119found in 1953 prev-alence of speech trouble, based on mothers’reports, to be 9 percent among children in thethird grade of the 15 public schools in St. Louis,Missouri.

Feav of the dark. —Parents responded affir-matively to the question “Does your child saythat he is afraid to be left alone in the dark?”for nearly one child in four —23.3 percent ofthe children 6-11 years of age in this country(table 14 and figure 3). The prevalence of thisfear or admitting to it among children tends todiminish with age from 28.2 percent at 6 yearsto 17.4 percent at 11 years.

Girls were more likely than boys to bereported as having such a fear, though at ages6 and 7 there was essentially no differencebetween the sexes in this respect. Among boys,however, the prevalence of such a fear diminishesrapidly with age, the frequency at age 11 being

7

o~6 7 8 9 10 II

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 3. Percent of boys and girls who say they areafraid to be left alone in the dark, by age.

only half that at age 6 years. Girls as a groupshow essentially no change in the proportionwho react this way until after age 9 when theproportion drops sharply but still remains sub-stantially above that for boys of the correspondingage.

Disturbing expe~iences.—More than one childin four —25.7 percent—was reported to havehad “something happen that seemed to seriouslyupset or disturb him or her (table 15). Theproportion was significantly lower for the 6-year-old group (20.0 percent) and there was only aslow upward trend in this from age 7 years on,the increase being from 25.1 percent to 29.2percent at age 11. Girls were about as likelyas boys to have had such an experience, and asimilar age trend may be seen for each group.

The description of these events was sovaried and imprecise in the open-end question“tell me about it” used by the interviewer thatno attempt was made to classify them.

Parents most frequently recall such traumaticexperiences that happened to their children withinthe previous year or two (table 16). At eachage level in this study, with the exception of the7-year-olds, the highest proportion were reportedto have had such an experience within the previousyear and the next highest a year earlier. Atage 7 this pattern was reversed. The frequency

of occurrence then dropped off sharply at eachage level from the second or third year of recallon back. This probably reflects to a considerableextent the recall problem over such a longperiod of time.

Running amy from home. —Only about 2percent of children 6-11 years of age had everrun away from home and stayed away so longthat parents had to have people looking for them(table 17). No significant age or sex differentialswere discernible.

The vast majority of these children had runaway only once. About 10 percent of thosereported to have run away did so twice, and onlyabout 5 percent had done this three times ormore.

Thumbsticking.-The carryover from thehabit of thumb- or fingersucking that is almostuniversal among infants and still fairly prevalentamong younger preschool childrenzz was reportedto persist among 10 percent of children 6-11years of age (table 18). The continuance of sucha practice decreases sharply with age from13.6 percent among 6-year -olds to 5.9 percentamong 11- year -olds. The slight increase at age9 probably reflects just sampling variance alone.

Girls are more likely than boys to persistin this practice (11.7 percent compared with8.3 percent), though by age 11 the differenceis negligible. Both groups show a similar agepattern in this practice.

Among those children whose parents indicatethey still suck their thumbs, more than halfare known to do so almost every day or night.

These findings are in general agreementwith those of Glidewe1119who reported a prev-alence in this practice of 9 percent among thethird-grade children in St. Louis, 6 percent forboys and 11 percent for girls.

Bed-wetting. -More than one child in seven(15.4 percent) of this age range was reportedto still wet the bed (table 18). No attempt wasmade to determine the cause—physical oremotional-of this problem. The proportion re-ported as having this problem of enuresis de-creased sharply with age from 21.2 percent atage 6 to 10.4 percent at 11 years. About one-third of these children wet their beds as oftenas several times a week, another third several

8

times a month, and the remainder once a month‘or less often.

Boys were more likely than girls at each agein this study to have this problem, but theprevalence for both groups was reduced by age11 to less than half that at age 6 years. Boyswere also more likely to have such a problemfrequently-several times a week—than weregirls throughout the age span in the study.

Glidewell’s findings 19 among the thirdgraders in St. Louis show a slightly lowerprevalence rate than that from the presentstudy, but this is probably due to differencesin the way the question was asked. His responseswere in relation to “wetting self” and gave nodetail on frequency.

Traits

Information was obtained in this study ontwo behavior traits of children, the degree oftension or nervousness and the degree of tempercontrol.

About one child in six (17.1 percent) wasconsidered by his parent to be rather highstrung, tense, or nervous. An additional 27.5percent were rated as moderately tense (table19). These proportions showed no consistent ageor sex differentials that were of significance,except that relatively fewer younger girls of6-8 years wsre said to be either moderately ormore severely tense than boys of the same ageor older boys or girls.

At the other extreme, 8.8 percent wererated as unusually calm and relaxed. Hereagain no age or sex differentials were evident.

Ratings on temper control show 17.3 percentof these children 6-11 years of age were consid-ered by their parents to have a very strongtemper which they lost easily (table 19). Theproportion is slightly but not significantly higheramong 6- year -olds but shows no consistent age

‘trend. Boys were more likely than girls to berated as having a strong temper throughout theage range in the study, the differences beingmore evident and statistically significant at theages of 7 and 8.

One out of three children (33.3 percent) werereported as occasionally showing a fairly strongtemper. Here there was no significant or con-

sistent age trend. However, boys were morelikely than girls to display this degree of temperthroughout the age range, the differences beingmost pronounced and statistically significantfrom 8 through 10 years.

Glidewell’s findings from his study of third-grade public school children in St Louis 19showa lower proportion classed by their mothers asnervous but a slightly higher frequency having“temper tantrums” than the roughly comparablebehavior problems from this survey. However,for both he found the prevalence among boysto be slightly less than among girls, in contrastto the findings almve.

!lesponsibilities

One crude measure of the extent of respon-sibility that children of the age range in thisstudy are given or accept within the home wasobtained by asking the parent to Iist the tasksthat the child was supposed to do regularly justas part of the family. More than three out offour children (78.3 percent) 6-11 years of agehad one regular home task or more (table 20

and figure 4). The proportion increased consis-tently with age from 64.2 percent among 6-year-olds to 88.5 percent among the 11-year-oldgroup. The pattern was similar for boys andgirls.

The proportion doing three or more tasksregularly more than doubled over this age range,increasing from 19.8 percent among 6-year -oldsto 46.9 percent among 11- year -olds (figure S).Here again the pattern was similar for boysand girls. This steady increase undoubtedly.reflects both the learning of responsible behaviorand the development of skills with age.

A further indicator of the extent of thechild’s responsibility within the home was obtainedby asking whether he or she had a pet and ifso how frequently he or she took care of it.Three out of five children (59.5 percent) aged6-11 years were reported to have a pet (table21). Younger children 6 and 7 years of agewere somewhat less likely to have a pet thanwere older children. Other than this no consistentage patternmore likelyhowever, the

was evident. Boys were slightlyto have a pet than were girls;difference in rates was not large

9

AGE IN YEARS .

— One task /,,,,I,IIBI Tsmtasks,==-, Thw tasks

,644

a more ●4●4*

●4+

.* ****-”●++

,*,,*,,,,,,,,,,’nn 1’1’1tlv’’’’’’8 *l’’’’#,’ “%,,,,,,6<,*S

4’”.,$s

.,**-”#e*

.4*

10

to~

6 7 8 9 10 II

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 4. Percent of boys and girls having one regu- Figure 5. Percent of chi Idren with specified numberslar home task or more, by age.

enough to be statistically significant with thesize and design of the sample used in this study.

Of those who owned pets, better than one-third (37.2 percent) usually took care of them.This proportion increased from 24 percent atage 6 to 46 percent at age 11. Boys, as indicated,were slightly but not significantly more likelythan girls to own pets, but if they did they weremore likely than girls to usually take care ofthem. This latter pattern was consistent overthe age range in the study, though the differenceswere not statistically significant throughout.

One possibly negative aspect of responsibilitywas also” rated by parents in this study. Theywere asked how much time in the usual day did

their child spend away from home when they didnot know definitely where he or she was. Morethan three out of four children 6-11 years ofage (77.2 percent) did not spend any substantialamount of time away in this manner, the per-centage decreasing with age from 82.0 percentat 6 years to 72.3 percent at 11 years (table 22and figure 6). Girls were substantially morelikely than boys to spend a negligible amount oftime away from home without their parents’

10

of regular home tasks, by age,

knowledge of their whereabouts (83.8 percentcompared with 70.9 percent), and the likelihooddecreased steadily with age for boys but not forgirls.

One child in five (20.0 percent) usuallyspent some time, but less than 2 hours, awayin this manner, while a little more than 2 percent(2.2 percent) spent 2 or more hours away. Asimplied above, boys were consistently morelikely to spend time away from home in thismanner and the tendency for them, but not forgirls, to do so increased consistently with age.

Organized Activity

The extent m which children of this ageparticipated in organized group activities wasdetermined from two questions orIthe interviewer-administered medical history. The parent wasasked whether or not the child, aside from regularclasses in school, took any special lessons orclasses such as music, dancing, or athletics and,if so, what they were. The second question. ..asked was whether the child belonged to any

90 —

so -

z#L

70 -

so L

,.8+%,1181’’’’’’’’’’’’’’+,, ,,,s %

%,%,

●,,,..,,

●,, ,,., %,●,

,*.. +,,-mmm. w %, ,,$,s

%, ,,.8 .~

%*“w”

o~6 7 8 9 10 II

AGE IN YEARS

Figure 6. Percent of chi1dren with whereabouts knownto parents at al1 times in a usual day, by age and

clubs or groups suchasCub Scoutsor Brownies.Identitiesof the particularorganizationswererequestedfor the affirmativerepliesto thisquestion.

In classification, it proved impractical tomaintain the distinction between the more ‘‘scho-lastically oriented” activities implied by thefirst question and the more “social or special-interest” organized groups by the second question.Responses from the two questions were combinedinto five activity groups as shown in tableB.

As shown in table C, 42.8 percent of thesechildren belonged to at least one of these orga-nized group activities. The age trend of theproportion of children participating was consis-tent, increasing from 16.1 percent among 6-year -olds to 58.4 percent at age 11. A largerproportion of girls than boys at each age belongedto one such group or more, but, for a sample ofthe size and design used here, this difference isstatistically significant only at age 7.

The differentials, that would be expectedbetween boys and girls for participation inathletic activities and organized artistic interestsmay also be seen in tables C and 23. The“crossover” of the level of participation in

sex,

Table B. Percent of children in one group activity or more: United States, 1963-65

1

Percent of children

Activity group belonging to oneorganizationor morein activity group

Boy scouts, Girl Scouts, Brownies, Blue Birds, or othersimilar group activities------------------------------------ 21.9

Music, painting, dancing, and sculpturing-------------------- 14.2

Bible school andother religious training or activitiesincluding church choir -------------------------------------- 10.0

Little League, bowling, swimming, riding, or other physicalor athletic activities-------------------------------------- 9.2

Other group activities--.------------------------------------I 5.0

11

Table C. Percent of children belonging to one organizationor more in selected activ-ity groups, by age, and sex: United States, 1963-65

Percentbelonging ro

Age and sex one organizationor more in one

Iactivity groupor more

Both sexes I

6-11 years----------

w6 years-------------------7 years-------------------8 years-------------------9 years-------------------10 years------------------11 years------------------

J!!?Y26-11 years----------

6 years-------------------7 years-------------------8 years-------------------9 years-------------------10 years------------------11 years------------------

Girls

6-11 yeafs----------

years -------------------years-------------------years-------------------

10- years ------------------IL years------------------

16.128.045.452.758.358.4

40.2

15.121.442.350.657.657.1

45.4

17.134.948.654.959.059.8

Percent belonging to one organizationor more in an activity group

scouts

21.9

;::27.131.833.131.1

18.2

0.8

2;:228.728.327.3

25.8

12;31.634.838.034.9

Art

14.2

::?13.215.920.224.0

9.3

::!

;::13.520.0

19.3

1;::18.522.627.027.9

Religious

10.0

6.2

d:;10.811.812.7

9.2

M9.1

;:;10.7

10.8

2:;11.211.813.714.5

Athletic

9.2

::;

1!:;14.314.8

13.1

3.4

1;:;14.621.123.0

5.3

Other

5.0

religiousactivitiesfor the two ‘groupsthat thissurveywere thegeneralusesoftheirtimeoccursat aboutage 7 (witha higherproportionof younger boys belongingto one organizedreligiousactivityor more) is of interestbutisnotstatisticallysignificant.

Use of Time

The finalaspectsofthebehavioralpatternsof childrenon whichinformationwas obtainedin

when not eating,sleeping,or attendingschool.Parentswere askedhow much time(inhoursorfractionofhours)theywouldguesstheirchildrenspent on.the usual day watchingtelevision;listeningtotheradio;readingnewspapers,com-ics,or magazines;readingbooks (otherthancomic books);playingwithfriends;playingbyhimselfi,and working,principallydoingchores.

12

Television. —Findings from this survey in-dicate that half of the- children 6-11 years ofage in this country usually spend just under 2hours—1 hour and 53 minutes—or more a daywatching television (table 24). The average timeis slightly higher—2 hours 13 minutes per day.The median (as well as the average) time generallyincreases somewhat with age from 1 hour 42minutes for 6-year-old children to 2 hours 3minutes for the 1l-year -olds. Between 10 and 12percent did not usually watch television at all,the proportion being of about the same orderof magnitude and remaining essentially invariantover the age range in the study (figure 7). Aslight reduction with age may be seen in theproportion watching television for 1 hour orless a day. This was roughly compensated forby the slight increase with age in the proportionwatching 4 hours or more (4.1 percent at 6years to 8.3 percent at 11).

These findings are generally consistent withthose from some of the other large-scale studiesin this and other countries. 14Schramm, Lyle,and Parker 23in 1961 studied the television viewinghabits of some 6,000 children, 2,000 parents,and several hundred teachers in the UnitedStates and Canada. They found that by the timethe child was in first grade (5 or 6 years) hewas spending about 2 hours a day in front ofthe television set. The amount of time slowlyincreased with age, and with later bedtimes,until a peak was reached at age 12 or 13, whenthe average child was viewing about 3 hours aday, The daily averages here are also notunlike those found in England or Japan~’13

Radio. —About three of every four children6-11 years of age in this country (77.3 percent)did not usually spend any time during the daylistening to the radio (table 25). This abstinence,however, diminished with age from 86 percentamong 6- year -olds to 64 percent among thoseof 11 years. Boys were slightly more likelythan girls not to listen (79.5 percent comparedwith 75.0 percent), the differential being main-tained to some extent throughout the age range.

Among those whose parents indicated theydid usually listen (22.7 percent), half (43.2percent) did so for less than 1 hour a dayand 73 percent for less than 2 hours.

45

k 30

zC_l

5n 15

0None Lessthon I hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours

I hour of more

30

i-

g15

5n

0None Lass lhan I hour 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours

I hour or more

60

45

1-

:~ 30

wL

15

0 -None Less than I hcwr 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours

I hour or mom

Figure 7. Percent distribution of major uses oflllei5urell time for & and Ii-year-old children.

Newspapers, comics, magazines. —Childrenof 6-11 years were more likely to spend sometime during the day reading newspapers, comics,or magazines than listening to the radio. However,three out of five did not usually spend any timeon this type of reading (table 26). This proportionfell off sharply with age, as reading facilityimproved, from 82 percent at 6 years to 44

percent at 11 years. Boys and girls followed asimilar pattern here.

Of those who usually did spend some timewith such material, 82 percent of those 6-11years spent less than 1 hour and 92 percentspent less than 2 hours.

13

Books.—Childrenof 6-11yearswere morelikelyto spend some time each day readingImoks than the briefertype of material.Halfof thechildrenspent30 minutesor more doingthisdaily(table27).However,two outof five(38.0percent)did not uquallyspendany timereadingbooks.Thisproportiondroppedoffsharp-ly after age 6, when some readingfacilitywouldhavebeenacquiredinschool,butremainedbetween 30 and 40 percentthroughouttherestof theage range,no furthertrendby agebeingevident.

Boys were more likelythangirlsnottodosuch readingat each year of age in thisspan.

l?kzyi~ with ji+S?ldS.—The typicalchildinthisage range was foundto spend nearly2%hourseachday(mediantime2 hours24 minutes)playingwithfriends(table28).Nearly11percentdid not do thisat all,theproportionshowingessentiallyno ageor sexdifferentials(figure7).

Boys were slightlymore likelythangirlsto play with friendsand, when they did,tospend more time doing so. There was somedecreasein thispracticewithage,more soforgirlsthanboys.

P&ying by self. -Nearly threeoutof fivechildren(59.5percent)did not usuallyspend

any time duringtheday playingby themselves(table29).Six-year-olds-lmthboysandgirls-were somewhat less likelyto omit thisthanthose7-11 yearsof age (53percentcomparedwith59to63percentforolderchildren).

Of thosewho didplayby themselves,oneoutof fourdidso forlessthan1 hourandtwooutofthreeforlessthan2 hours.

lVo~king.-Oneoutoffivechildren6-11yearsof age (19.9percent)did not usuallydo anywork duringtheday,accordingtotheirparents(table30). As used here, “work” consistedprincipallyof chores around the home. Thisproportiondropped sharplywith age from 35percentatage6 to10percentatage11 (figure7).Boys were justslightlylesslikelytoavoidthisthangirls.

Of those four out of fivewho did somesuch work each day, the typicalchildworked39 minutes (median value),the median timeincreasingsteadilywith age from 28 minutesat 6 years to 49 minutes at 11 years.Girlstendedto work a few minuteslongerthanboys.

The typicalchildwas thusfoundtousethe5 ‘to6 hoursof theusual24-hourdaywhen he

was not sleeping,attendingschool,or eatinginthemanner shownin tableD.

Table D. Median length of timelspent per day bychildren in selected activities,by ageand sex: United States, 1963-65

Activity

Watching television-----------------------

Listening to radio------------------------

Reading newspapers,comics,or magazines----------------------

Reading

Playing

Playing

Working

books-----------------------------

with friends----------------------

by self---------------------------

(chores,etc.)--------------------

Bothsexes

lh-53m

30m

2h-24m

39m

6-11 years

Boys

lh-57m

15m

2h-30m

35m

Girls

lh-50m

38m

2h-18m

43m

’50percent spent this much time or less in these activities.

lh-42m

2h-37m

28m

2h-3m

7m

39m

2h-13m

49m

NOTE: h=hour, m=minute.

14

SUMMARY

This report has presented estimates of thedistributions of selected behavioral patterns ofchildren 6-11 years of age in the noninstitutionalpopulation of the United States by age and sex.The findings are based on the parents’ ratingson both a self-administered and a trained in-terviewer-administered medical history for thechildren of this age examined in the HealthExamination Survey of 1963-65. In the survey,a probability sample of 7,417 children wereselected to represent the 24 million noninsti-tutionalized children of this age in the UnitedStates. The total of 7,119, or 96 percent, of thesample examined were found to be closely rep-resentative of American children of this agewith respect to age, sex, race, region, and otheravailable demographic and socioeconomic vari-ables.

Included are data on key stages or aspectsof early development of these children concerning

walking, talking, and general learning to dothings by themselves; behaviors or patternsrelated to sleep reflecting the degree of inde-pendence allowed, disturbances of sleep, andcertain behavioral problems; eating habits andrelated behavior; adequacy and extent of peerrelations; other specific behavioral problemssuch as problems with talking, fear of the dark,seriously disturbing experiences, running awayfrom home, thumbsucking, and bed-wetting; thedegree of tension and temper control; the extentof responsibility in the home; the extent ofparticipation in organized activities; and thegeneral use of time in watching television,listening to the radio, reading newspapers, com-ics, magazines, or books, playing with friendsor alone, and doing chores or other types ofwork.

Comparison was made, where possible, withfindings from previous studies.

15

1National Center for Health Statistics: origin, program,

and operation of the U.S. National Health Survey. Vital arrd

Healtk Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series l-No. 1. PublicHealth Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,Apr. 1965.

2Nation~ Center for Health Statistics: P1an and initial

program of the Health Examination Survey .Vi&zlmrdHeaWs

“Statistics. PHS Pub. No. 1000-Series l-No. 4. public HealthService. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office, July1965.

3National Center for Health Statistics: Cycle I of the

Health Examination Survey, sample and response, United

States, 1960-1962. Vital and Healtk .Stutistics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series 1l-No, 1. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.Government Printing Office, Apr. 1964.

4National Center for Health Statistics: Plan, operation,

and response results of a program of children’sexam inations. Vital and Health Statistics. PHS Pub. No.1000-Series ~-No, 5. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S.

Government Printing Office, Oct. 1967.5Gesell, A., and Amatruda, C. S,: Developmental

Diagnosis, Normal and Abnormal Child Development. NewYork. Paul B. Hoeber, 1941.

6Bayley, N.: Mental growth during the first three

years.Genet.Psyckol. Monogr. 4(l): 92, 1933.7Catte~, P.: The Measurement of Intelligence of Infants

and Young Children. New York. The PsychologicalCorporation, Lancaster, Pa., Science Press, 1940.

8Gesell, A., Ad Thompson, H.: Infant Behavior, Its

Genesk and Grorutk. New York. McGraw-~ Book Co. Inc.,1934. pp. 243-257, 286-291.

9Gesell, A., Thompson, H., and Armatruda, C. S.: The

Psychology of Early Growtk. New York. The Macmillan Co.,

1938.10oetzel, R.: Selected Bibliography on Sex Differences.

Mimeographed report. Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.,1962.

1lMaccoby, E. E.: Television, its impact on school

children. Pub. Op. Qrzart. 15:421444, 1951.

12H~melweit, H. T., Oppenheim, A. N., and Vince,

P.: Television and the Child. Published for the Nufficld

Foundation. New York. oxford University Press, 1958.13FUSU,T.: Television and Ckildren’s Life, a Before-After

Study. Tokyo. Japan Broadcasting Corporation, Radio andTelevision Culture Research Institute, 1962.

14The International Assoc~tion for Mass Communication

Research, Amsterdam: The Effects of Television on Children

and Adolescents, No. 43. Paris. UNESCO, 1964.15Renshaw, S., Miller, V. L., and Marquis, D. :Children ‘S

Sleep. New York. The Macmillan Co., 1933. -16Challman, R. C.: Factors influencing friendships among

preschool children. Child Develop. 3:146-158, 1932.17Hollingshead, A. B.:E1mtozvn’s Youth. New York. John

Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1949.18Tuddefim, R. D.: Studies in reputation, I, Sex and

grade differences in school children’s evaluation of theirpeers. Psychol. Monogr. 66(l), 1951.

19Glidewe~, J. C.: Studies of mothers’ reports of behavior

symptoms in their children, ch. 9 in S, B. Sells, cd., The

Definition and Measurement of Mental Heakh. public HealthService, National Center for Health Statistics. Washington. U.S.Government Printing Office, 1968.

20McCssthy, D.: Language development in children, ~h. 9

in L. Carmichael, ed.,Manual of Child Psychology. New York,

John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1954.21Davk, E. A.: The development of linguistic skills in

twins, singletons with siblings, and only children from age fivethrough ten years. Inst. Child Welfare Monogr,, Ser. No. 14.Minneapolis. University of Minnesota Press, 1937.

22Jersild, A. T.: Emotional development, ch, 14 in L.

Carmichael, cd., Manual of Ckild Psychology, New York. John

Wiley and’sons, Inc., 1954.23Schramm, W., Lyle, J., and Parker, E. B.:Te/eukion in

the Lives of Our Children, with a psychiatrist’s comment onthe effects of television by Lawrence Z. Freedmanrr. Stanford,.Cal.if. Stanford University Press, 1961.

—000

16

LIST OF DETAiLED TABLES

Page

Table 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11*

12.

13.

14,

15.

16.

17,

18.

19.

20,

Percent of children by age starting to walk,age first real word spoken, parents’impression of learning speed, age, and sex, with the corresponding standarderror: United States, l963-65---------------------------------------------------

Percent of children by sleeping arrangements at home, age, and sex, with thecorresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65----------------------------

Percent of children who have slept away from home without their families, by ageand sex, with the corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65----------

Percent of children with sleep affected by television, radio, or movies; havingunpleasant dreams or with a sleepwalking history; by age and sex, with the cor-responding standard error: United States, 1963-65-------------------------------

Percent of children whose parents had trouble getting them to bed or to sleep orwhen little to take a na~by age and sex,with the corresponding standard error:United States, 1963-65----------------------------------------------------------

Percent distribution of children by usual bedtime, according to age and sex:United States, L963-65------------------------------*---------------------------

Percent of children by amount of food eaten, degree of selectivity with food,age, and sex, with corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65---------

Percent of children by number of meals per day usually eaten with family, numbereaten sitting down with others on day prior to examination,age, and sex with thecorresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65----------------------------

Percent of children by number and age of friends, age and sex, with the corre-sponding standard error: United States, 1963-65---------------------------------

Percent of children by parents ‘ knowledge of friends, age and sex, “with the cor-responding standard error: United States, 1963-65-------------------------------

Percent of children by willingness to make new friends, age, and sex, with thecorresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65----------------------------

Percent of children by ability to get along with other children, age and sex,with the corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65-------------------

percent of childrenhaving had problemswith talking,by age and sex, with thecorrespondingstandarderror: United States, 1963-65----------------------------

Percent of children afraid to be left alone in the dark,by age and sex, with thecorresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65----------------------------

Percent of children having had a disturbing experience, by age and sex, with thecorresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65----------------------------

Percent distribution of children having had a disturbing experience by age attime of disturbance, accordingtoage and sex: United States, 1963-65------------

Percentof childrenwho have run away from home, by age and sex, with the corre-sponding standard error: United States, 1963-65---------------------------------

Percent of ch%ldren by frequency of thumbsucking and of bed-wetting,age and sex,with the corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65-------------------

Percent of childrenby degree of tension or nervousnessand temper, age and sex,with the correspondingstandarderror: United States, 1963-65-------------------

Percent of childrenby number of regular family tasks, age, and sex, with thecorrespondingstandarderror: United States, 1963-65----------------------------

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

17

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES--Con.

Page

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Percent of children owning and caring for pets, by age and sex, with the corre-sponding standard error: United States, 1963-65---------------------------------

Percent of children usually spending part of day away from home with whereaboutsunknown to parents, by age and sex,with the corresponding standard error: UnitedStates, 1963-65 --------------------------------- ----------------------p---------

Percent of children belonging to organizations or taking special. lessons, by ageand sex, with the corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65----------

Percent distribution of children by time spent per day watching TV, according toage and sex: United States, l963-65---------------------------------------------

Percent distribution of children by time spent per day listening to radio, ac-cording to age and sex: United States, 1963-65 ----------------------------------.

percent distribution of children by time spent per day reading newspapers,comics, or magazines, according to age and sex: United States, 1963-65----------

Percent distribution of children by time spent per day reading books, accordingto age and sex: United States, 1963-65-------..-------------------- --------------

Percent distribution of children by time spent per day playing with friends, ac-cording to age and sex: United States, 1963-65 ----------------- -----------------

Percent distribution of children by time spent per day playing by himself, ac-cording to age and sex: United States, 1963-65----------------------------------

Percent distribution of children by time spent per dayworking (chores, etc.),according to age and sex: United States, 1963-65 ---------------------------------

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

18

Table 1. Percent of children by age starting to walk, age first real,word spoken, parents’ impression of learningspeed, age, and sax, with the corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Age started walking Age spoke first real word Learning speedcompared with other children

Under 1-1% Under~ar:~ Unknown ~ l-lfi Over 1%1 year years year years Unknown Faster Same Slower Unknownyears

Both sexes Percent of children

6-11 years----- 42.6 41.0 8.4 8.0 20.2

20.119.322.920.717.720.2

16.9

47.5

44.849.147.846.946.849.8

45.9

46.946.143.445.846.147.4

49.1

47.1

50.345.646.347.646.945.6

48.6

49,248.749.847.447.648.9

45.5

3.6 1.8 74.8

75.975.272.574.076.675.0

76.7

fj years --------------7 years--------------8 yeara--------------9 years--------------10 years-------------U years-------------

3.93.53.73.53.82.9

3.8

3.5

H

::;2.7

3.3

0.91.7

:::2.41.7

1.6

41.144.145.041.242.342.1

39.3

43.139.740.442.240.739.6

42.7

41.343.145.144.140.642.2

39.1

9.58.68.09.17.67.7

9.9

3.6 0.44.9 0.6

::; M4.6 1.13.9 0.9

5.5 0.9

EQYg6-11 years-----

I

4.2 0.46.4 0.75.7 1.1

i:? :::4.9 0.9

2.8 0.7

0.41.42.2

;:!

2.0

41.439.737.438.141.537.7

46.1

$:.:

53:044.443.046.6

11.210.510.310.38.68.6

6.9

6.16.77.2

;::11.4

7.9

17.616.817.116.814.618.5

23.5

77.976,076.176.278.375.7

72.9

6 years--------------7 years--------------8 years--------------

--------------?oy%&-------------11 years-------------

Girls

6-11 years-----1

42.752.252.348.047.552.3

1.11

1.10

51.442.542.647.846,342.2

1.18

1.26

$;

2:82.33.83.2

1.52.12.2

;::2.3

44.836.235.640.240.836.8

22.821.828.824.720.922.0

73.874.468.771.774.874.2

0.56

0.91

3.13.4

H3.42.9

6 yeara--------------7 years--------------8 years--------------9 yeare--------------10 years-------------11 yeara-------------

ard error of percent of childrenStalBath sexes

6-11 years----------

Y --t-

1.30 1.18 0.63

0.86

0.38

0.44

0.51

0.77

0.42

0.64

0.14

0.16

BoJ&

6-11 years----- 0.53 I 0.18

+6 years--------------7 years--------------8 years--------------9 years--------------10 years-------------11 yeara-------------

2.411.981.832,622.481.91

1.42

2.421,891.952.682.301.94

1.4710.89g.::

0:841.180.64

0.41 J2.552.242.352.262.661.77

1.38

1.341.551.331.631.371.47

0.57

1.010.770.860.921.021.50

0.54

1.321.711.661.262.441.24

0.42

1.841.221.781.791.721.63

1.511.241.961.662.261.80

0.50

0.751.310.881.081.211.05

0.34

0.650.640.370.560.960.76

0.230.250.360.530.330.28

0.15

0.240.190.400.530.390.45

Girls

6-11 years----- 0.19 1.51

6 years--------------7 years--------------8 years--------------9 yeara--------------10 years-------------11 years------------- L

0.86 0,420.62 0.330.83 0.430.55 0.671.00 0.600.74 0.44

2.052.852.622.272.261.68

2.030.840.870.821.171.17

0.951.190.930.991.111.41

19

Table 2. Percent of children by sleeping arrangements at home, age, and sex, with the corresponding‘standard error: United States, 1963-65

Sleeping arrangements at home

Alone in Room Room Room Room Bed Bed Bed Bed

separate withwith with with with with with with

room brother eister parent other brother sister parent otherperson person

Age and sex

Both sexes Percent of children

6-11 years---------- 25.2

19.721.025.023.431.031.6

25.0

18.519.324.023.234.631.1

25.4

23.5

24.224.124.525.020.522.5

40.6

18.8

20.320.918.717.518.616.7

5.4

2.5

3.62.72.5

M1.9

2.5

0.8

0.6

:::0.90.91.2

0.8

10.8

10.511.112.410.510.59.5

19.9

12.6

L4.413.311.513.412.510.4

1.3

2.1

2.72.81.6

($:;2.2

1.5

0.7

0.70.50.60.50.80.9

0.5

6 yeara-------------------7 yeara-------------------8 years-------------------9 years-------------------10 years------------------11 years------------------

EYi26-11 years----------

years-------------------years-------------------years-------------------veara-------------------

2.81.5

;:;0.20.6

24.3

2.82.6

M0.41.1

2.6

0.50.20.40.50.60.8

0.8

41.341.140.442.736.940.9

6.0

;::

:::3.42.8

32.6

4.23.1

;:;2.01.4

2.5

0.40.90.3

;:;1.4

0.8

19.119.923.619.620.117.4

1.3

10-years------------------11 years------------------

Girls

6-11 years----------

6 yeara-------------------7 years-------------------8 yeara-------------------9 years-------------------10 years------------------11 years------------------

21.022.826.o23.527.332.0

1.14

1.26

6.86.68.26.73.83.7

s

0.70

1.39

33.133.432.931.334.030.9

ndard <

0.87

0.40

0.60.60.80.71.31.0

1.62.11.0

:::1.4

26.425.521.926.225.020.4

n

%;0.80.5

$:

0.07

ror of percent of child]

Both sexes 6-11 yeara----- 0.21

0.24

0.14

I

0.18,

0.98

1.77

0.99 0.20

Boys

6-11 years----------

+

0.11

0.290.200.270.300.220.42

0,15

0.450,240.350.310.710.35

6 yeara-------------------.7years-------------------8 years-------------------9 years-------------------10 years------------------11 yeara------------------

1.862.431.451.892.342.07

1.20

1.992.201.921.742.531.76

2.052.821.482.373.092.35

0.32

1.340.771.071.440.740.76

1.231.310.760.680.820.70

1.72

0.730.400.420.450.590.48

0.28

0.750.540.720.700.470.60

0.230.410.230.530.300.43

0.11

0.310.300.350.230.330.36

2.562.142.032.642.162.46

0.25

0.46 0.600.54 0.610.52 0.280.50 0.320.24 0.370.36 0.50

Girls

6-11 years----------

yeara-------------------years-------------------years-------------------years-------------------

+2.432.092.712.842.362.32

0.340.440.700.440.310.72 J_

2.87 0.692.25 0.582.57 0.532.17 1.033.32 0.592.16 0.80

10-yeara------------------11 yeara------------------

20

Table 3. Percent of childrenwho have slept away from home without their families,by age andsex,with the correspondingstandarderror:United States,1963-65

Age and sex

Both sexes

6-M years--------------------------

years-----------------------------------years-----------------------------------,years-----------------------------------years-----------------------------------

10 years----------------------------------11 yeara----------------------------------

Boys

6-11 years--------------------------

; @: ----------- ------------------ ---------------- .------- -------- -------- ---,

8 years -----------------------------------9 years -----------------------------------10 yeara----------------------------------11 years----------------------------------

Gir1s

6-11 yeara--------------------------,

6 yeara-----------------------------------7 years-----------------------------------8 years--------------------------------------9 years-----------------------------------10 yeara------------------------------------11.years----------------------------------

Both sexes 6-11 years----------------------

&Y%6-11 years---------------------------

6 years-------------------“------------------7 years------------------------------------8 years------------------------------------9 years------------------------------------10 yeara----------------------------------,lL years-----------------------------------

Girls

6-11years---------------------------

6 years------------------------------------7 years------------------------------------8 years------------------------------------9 years------------------------------------LO years-----------------------------------11 yeara------------------------------------

Slept away from home

Total Frequently A fewtimes Never Unknown

Percentof children

57.1

41.648.054.363.266.770.4

52.0

37.041.549.655.1:;.:

.

62.4

46.554.759.171.570.673.1

1.55

1.68

2.412.472.532.553.242.34

1.65

3.112.323.512.192.632.70

9.0

::?

l::i13.214.1

6.7

;::4.97.411.411.3

Il.&

4.28.79.215.315.016.9

45.8

36.640.345.449.950.653.0

43.1

32.736.242.746.048.353.6

48.6

40.644.548.253.753.052.4

42.6

58.351.845.236.732.829.2

47.7

62.958.549.644.836.831.8

37.4

53.545.040.728.228.626.5

0.3

%;0.50.20.50.4

0.3

0.1

0.70.1

W

0.3

0.3

M0.70.3

Standarderror of percentof children

0.62

0.50

0.511.041.121.191.411.59

0.87

1.101.041.322.192.101.84

1.37

1.40

2.212.372.522.862.582.35

1.52

3.092.303.512,01.;.J:.

1.56

1.69

2.482.472.492.553.102.40

1.65

3.112.263.512.152.622.73

0.07

0.07

0.13

0.290.11

0.18

0,08

0.180.340.24

21

Table 4. Percent of children with sleep affected by television,radio, or movies; having unpleasant dreams or with a sleep-walking history; by age and sex, with the correspondingstandard error: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Both saxes

6-11 years---------

6 years------------------7 years------------------8 years------------------9 yeass------------------10 years-----------------11 years-----------------

JL?.Ysz6-11 years---------

6 years------------------7 years------------------8 years------------------9 years------------------10 years-----------------11 years-----------------

6-11 years---------

6 years------------------7 years------------------S years------------------9 years------------------10 years-----------------11 years-----------------

Both sexes 6-11 yeara----

Boys

6-11 years ---------

6 years------------------7 years------------------8 years------------------9 years------------------10 years----------------11 years-----------------

*6-11 years---------

6 yeara------------------7 years------------------8 years------------------9 years------------------10 years-----------------11 years-----------------

Sle;; a~~~d by> Frequency of unpleasant dreams Frequency of sleepwalkin.g

or movies

Yes No Unknown Frequently Not often Never Unknown Frequently Not often Never Unknown

Percant of children

27.1-

27.928.927.928.826.122.7

27.0—

29.429.629.026.327.020.2

27.2—

26.428.326,731.325.225.2

0.98

0.90—

1.791.962.351.731.771.65

1.31

2,391.972.832.732.232.03

T70.0 2.9

69.5 2.667.869.1 :::68.7 2.571.0 2.974.0 3.3

T70.1 2.9

67.7 3.067.5 2.968.4 2.671.7 2.069.876.1 ::;

T69.8 3.0

71.3 2.268.2 3.569.8 3.665.5 3.172.3 2.571.8 2.9

1.09

1.00—

2.122.192.172.061.841.51

1.41

2.652.013.132.692.132.05

0.31

0.29

0.900.580.490.560.520.67

0.40

0.790.750.740.970.680.56

1.8

1.81.8

H1.81.0

1.9

2.32.2

N

:::

1.6

1,3

;::2,11.71.3

44.4 49.840.8 52.844.0 $;.$42.240.5 53:138.4 55.5

44.7 48.239.1 53.646.6 47.139.4 53.738.0 55.739.3 54.3

--=-P44.2 51.442.6 51.941.6 51.745.0 ;:.:43.037.5 56:6

I4.3 0.7

2:: k’::4.6

~:;::;5.1 0:7

4.8 0.6

J-4.s 0.4

0.62::4.3 :::4.5 0.85.6 0.6

3.9 0.8

0.7::: 1.14.7 0.9

0.8::$ 0.2

0.9

Standard error of percent of children

0.13

0.16

0.580.690.660.680.630.37

0.22

0.600.580.460.840.380.46

+2.33 2.092.78 2.451.59 2.332.01 1.812.15 2.612.14 2.47

1.54 1.52

2.85;.:$

2:543.172.18

9.0—

6.56.9

1%;10.811.1

9.6

:::

1::!10.512.2

8.3

6.0

::;

1!:?10,1

0.40I 0.11I 0.38I I

tt

0.52 0.14 0,52

0.77 0.26 0.751.06 0.36 1.020.75 0.3s 1.200.86 0.24 1.441.09 0.38 1.071.09 0.30 1,38

0.42! 0.181 0.54

0.77

I

0.37 1,110.88 0.57 0.950.96 0.43 0.950.41 0.23 1.100.91 0.16 1.520.89 0.42 1,53

89.3.

91.591.5S9.988.287.8S6.8

88.7

91.491.588.086.787.8S6.2

90.0

91.691.491.889.887.887.4

1.0—

::;0.90.80.91.4

1.1

1.11.3

k;0,91.0

0.9

M0,60.60.91.7

t

0.34 0.12

0.97 0.301.15 0.431.32 0.221.61 0.311.02 0.321.55 0.33

1,36 0.631.22 0.171.20 0.151.10 0.291.55 0.201.39 0.47

22

Table 5. Percent of children whose parents had trouble getting them to bed or to sleep or when littleto take a nap, by age and sex, with the corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Trouble getting child Trouble getting child Trouble getting child toto bed to sleep take a nap when little

Age and sex

Trouble ~r:ub~e Unknown Trouble J$b ~e Unknown Trouble J:ble Unknown

Both sexes

L

6-11 years------- 22.1

Percent of children

77.3 0.6

0.70.30.90.3

::;

0.4

87.1

88.486.886.886.987.386.2

88.6

+

85.7 1.912.2

years---------------- 22.2years---------------- 20.8years---------------- 21.7

. years---------------- 23.110 years--------------- 23.411 years--------------- 21.7

77.079.077.476.576.177.6

78.1

10.912.812.312.711.713.0

11.0

0.7 13.211.7

::; 12.60.4 13.0

11.6R 12.2

85.286.685.184.986.585.9

86.5

85..987.186.085.887.386.7

84.9

84.586.084.184.085.685.0

1.51.72.32.0

::;

1.6

;:;2.00.81.81.7

2.1

22!3!%6-11 years------- 21.5

6 years---------------- 19.67 years---------------- 21.48 years---------------- 21.49 years---------------- 23.510 years--------------- 23.711 years--------------- 19.7

Girls

6-11 years------- 22.7

6 years---------------- 25.07 years---------------- 20.18 years---------------- 22.09 years---------------- 22.710 years--------------- 23.011 years--------------- 23.7

79.778.378,276.276.179.9

76.5

74.379.676.776.976.175.3

0.81

::;

M0.20.4

0.8

9.511.211.511.010.811.7

13.5

89.888.388.088.889.087.7

85.5

86.985.285.584.985.684.6

0.7 12.90.5 10.6

11.9$2 13.3

10.9$: 11.6

J-4---=R1.30.40.91.0

12.414.313.114.412.714.4

1.91.22.5

?:;2.1

0.16

Standard error of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 years--[ 0.73

+

0.09 0.09 0.78 0.83

~

6-11 years-------

F

0.98

years---------------- 2.46years---------------- 1.56years---------------- 2.08

+

1.00 0.08

T0.10

0.320.300.19

0,22

--i-0.84 0.89 0.16

1.581.381.671.571.171.39

1.161.421.301.31

1.081.371.331.341.441.27

1.611.671.641.791.121.46

0.400.640.790.480.450.25

0.26

2.381.552.111.891,781.62

1.00

0.320.180.190.12

O.oi

0.13

. ~ears---------------- 1.8310 years--------------- 1.7511 years--------------- 1.59

1.371.22

Girls

6-11 years-------

t

0.87

6 years---------------- 2.167 years---------------- 1.928 years---------------- 1.73boy;::;;.-..-.......... 1.60

--------------- 1.7411 years--------------- 1.76

*+2.081.952.081.532.021.97

0.250.130.360.250.200.32

1.63 1.561.34 1.461.24 1.471.35 1.151.15 1.422.14 2.28

0.250.250.360.470.410.32

1.291.821.851.531.561.64

1.351.792.001.581.902.01

0.410.400.550.890.400.47

1 I

23

Table 6. Percentdistributionof childrenby usual bedtime,accordingto age and sex: United states,1963-65

I

Age and sex

Total

Both sexes6-11 years---------------------------100.0

6 years------------------------------------100007 years------------------------------------100.08 years------------------------------------100.09 years------------------------------------100.010 years-----------------------------------100.011 years-----------------------------------100.0

-?&E6-11 years---------------------------100.0

6 yeare------------------------------------100.07 years------------------------------------100.08 years ------------------------------------ 100.09 years------------------------------------100.010 years-----------------------------------100.011 years ----------------------------------- 100.0

Girls6-11 years --------------------------- 100.0

6 years------------------------------------100.07 years------------------------------------100.08 years------------------------------------100.09 years ------------------------------------ 100.010 years-----------------------------------100.011 years-----------------------------------100.0

Usual bedtime

7:oo-7:29

2.0—

:::1.81.31.40.3

2.0

::;2.00.91.30.0

2.0

$:1.61.8

;::

i:oo -i:29

0.0

0.10.00.00.10.00.0

0.0

7:30-7:59

7.0—

15.29.8

;::2.61.1

6.9

3:oo-%:29

22.7—

31.229.826.020.816.111.0

22.6

3:30-3:59

9:oo-9:29

6:30-6:59

0.2

0.30.30.10.20.10.0

0.2

27.7—

26,927.732.530.525.123.1

27.5

25.929.431.429.224.623.9

27.9

27.825.833.631.925.722.2

27.9—

14.220.623.331.037.043.1

28.9

13.419.824,435.338.643.9

26.9

14.921.522.326.635.342.4

16.79.6

:::

;::

6.9

13.79.9

.;::2.91.4

0.20.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.0

:::0.2

:::

0.4

$:0.40.00.0

0.1

0.1

$?0.0

%:

29.829.427.420.416.011.3

22.8

32.730.224.521.316.110.7

_

Usual bedtime

Don1tknow

9:30-9:59

Both sexes

6-11 years--------------------------- 4.7

6 years------------------------------------ ‘I-.67 years ------------------------------------8 yeara---------------,--------------------- $:9 years ------------------------------------ 3.410 years-----------------------------------11 years-----------------------------------1::?

Boys

6-11 yeara--------------------------- 4.3

6 years------------------------------------7 years------------------------------------;::8 years ------------------------------------ 3.49 years------------------------------------2.910 yeara----------------------------------- 7.111 years----------------------------------- 8.9

~

6-11 years........-------------------- 5.1

6 years ------------------------------------ 1.57 years------------------------------------8 years------------------------------------::;9 yeara------------------------------------4.010 years --..----.--.---.---.--:------------11 years-----------------------------------1:::

-t-

:0:00- lo:30-.0:29 10:59

i.l:OO-L1:29

0.0

11:30-11:59 None

5.8 0.1—

0.2

:::0.1

::i

0.1

0.10.20.10.00.10.1

0.1

8:50—

8:308:378:448:529:049:10

8:50

8:298:378:438:549:049:10

8:50

1.8] 0.1 0.0

0.4 0.11.0 0.01.2

H;:; 0.13.9 0.3

0.0

$:0.10.00.1

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.1

0.00.0

$:0.00.0

0.0

0.00.0

;::0.00.0

0.0

J4---Q0.5 0.00.4 0.00.4 0.01.1

H::: 0.3

0.4 0.10.0

;::2.2 ::83.2 0.12.9 0.3

lFor 50 percent of those children bedtime was by or beforethis hour.

24

Table 7. Percent of children by amount of food eaten, degree of selectivity with food, age, and sex, withthe corresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Amount of food eaten Degree of selectivity with food

Eats usually Does notDislikes s:~:t Will not

too eats ~nknom Eats nearlyeat only aall kinds few eat many Unknown

much enough enough aboutkinds kinds kinds

Agc and sex

Percent of childrenBoth sexes

6-11 years ------ 10.4 1.0 44,2 31.8 15.8 7.0 1.174.2 14,3

18.116.114.212.812.911.3

13.0

41.141.944.545.147.346.1

44.7

32.831.031.632.628.734.2

31.9

16.718.415.214.616.413.1

15.5

8.47.77.2

H5.4

6.7

1.01.0

i:1.11.3

1.2

6 years ---------------7 years ---------------8 years ---------------9 years ---------------10 years --------------11 yeara --------------

6.2

1%;12.712.912.9

10.4

74.574.874.673.573.474.7

75.8

Boys

6-11 years ------

6 ycara ---------------7 years ---------------8 years ---------------;Oylm;-.-.-----’-------

---------------11 years --------------

6.0

1%212.712.812.0

10.5

76.074.976.372.775.679.1

72.7

41.343.043.846.646.847.1

43.8

32.632.331.929.830.334.5

31.7

17.615.716.115.715.112.5

16.1

0.91.22.1

iii0.7

1.1

17.015.512.413.311.08.5

15.6

0.90.8

i::0.60.4

1.2

;:;6.16.7

;:!2

7.3

Girls

6-11 years ------

6 years ---------------7 years ---------------a years ---------------9 ymrs ---------------10 years --------------11 years --------------

6.3

n12.713.013.8

0.55

72.974,772.874.471.070.2

0.90

40.840.745.343.447.745.0

33.029.731.235.427.033.9

15.821.214.313.517.713.6

9.3

::;6.86.25.6

1.00.8

M1.31.9

Standard error of percent of children

YBoth sexes 6-11 years - 0.40 1.32 1.08 0.500,12

Bcws-

6-11 years ------

+

0.67 0.94 0.44 0.13 1.56 1.13 0.69

6 years ---------------7 years ---------------8 years ---------------9 years ---------------10 years ---------------11 years --------------

0.831.461.181.891.411.61

0.53

1,041,421,071.63L.261.40

2.261.731.802.631.881.84

0.99

1.661.221.301.341.051.06

0.59

0.370.360.390,430.320.19

0.15

2.791.951.861.872.381,89

1.20

2.262.061.922.202.272.15

1.701.951.321.401.381.49

0.67

0.98 0.371.29 0.341.01 0.731.10 0.421.64 0.240.77 0.31

a

6-11 years ------

+

1.34

6 years ---------------7 years ---------------8 years ---------------9 years ---------------10 years -------- ------11 years --------------

2.212.182.511.921.471.93

1.831.351.701.061.581.41

0.460.220.300.310.270.63

1.931.802.422.052.47

1.04 0.471.19 0.311.06 0.241.36 0.340.92 0.371.16 0.522.15

I

25

Percent of children by number of meals per day usually eaten with family, number eatendown with others on day prior to examination, age, and sex with the correspondingerror: United States, 1963-65

Table 8.sittingstandard

Yeals per day usually eaten Meals eaten sitting down withothers day prior to

with family examinationAge and sex

OneTwoormore

Two Three UnknownNone Unknown None ‘One

I I

Both sexes Percent of children

17:3_

15.514.416.318.118,620.9

16.7

6-11 years ----------------- 91.6~

92.691.791.292.692.389.0

92.2

5.3_

H5.04.85.57.9

4.9

0.2—

M0.10.30.20.3

0.1

2.9-

3.62,93.72.32.12.9

2.7

0.6_

0.80.50.40.40.70.5

0.6

2.3.

;:;1.62.62.63.6

2.2

77.9—

80.7;3.;

77;276.271.8

78.8

1.9—

:::1.71.61.93.1

1.7

6 years --------------------------7 years --------------------------8 years--------------------------9 years--------------------------10 years-------------------------11 years-------------------------

J&22

6-11 years-----------------

6 years--------------------------7 years--------------------------8 years--------------------------9 years--------------------------10 years-------------------------11 years-------------------------

92.292.492.093.493.390.0

90.9

R::!!5.07.4

5.7

;:!0.20.20.90.6

0.5

1.51.2

H3.03.3

2.4

15.814.013.918.818.919.0

17.8

79.982.4;3.;

74:974.8

76.9

1.8

::;1.02,32,3

2.2

0.;0.3

0.3

Girls

6-11 years-----------------

6 years--------------------------7 years --------------------------8 years--------------------------9 years--------------------------10 years-------------------------11 years-------------------------

93.091.090.391.891.287.9

0.73

0.76

1.131.321.260.90;.;;.

0.82

3.45.4

;::

8:3

0.41

0.3

u0.6

0.;

3.23.0

H2.73.6

0.5

%;0.70.40.3

15.214.718.817.418.323.0

81.679.776.676.877.768.8

1.4

N2.2

M

0.31

0.31

0.580.440.230.300.820.84

0.38

Standard error of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 .years------------ 0.06 0.60 0.11 0.35 1.12

1.28

1.431.941.652.331.592.33

1.18

1.36

1.48

1.782.201.912.322.003.02

1.50

2.271.282.282.272.292.49

Boys

0.56

0.990.691.010.480.550.80

0.69

0.16

0.400.290.160.210.410.33

0.14

0.35

0.730.440.480.640.460.95

0.39

6-11 years-----------------

years--------------------------years --------------------------years --------------------------veals --------------------------

0.39

:.-?;

0:950.940.861.41”

0.59

0.06

0.2;0.25

0.09

10-years-------------------------11 years-------------------------

Girls

6-11 years-----------------

6 years --------------------------7 years --------------------------8 years --------------------------9 years--------------------------10 years-------------------------11 years-------------------------

0.921.011.110.771.471.32

0.220.310.130.23

o.2i

0.920.870.950.790.940.96

0.400.310.310.260.240.20

0.550.870.480.950.490.84

2.001.231.761.581.892.34

0.470.480.590.570.361.36

1.181.041.341.281.851.55

26

Table 9. Percentof childrenbv number and age of friends.age and sex. with the corresDondin.estandarderror:U;ited States,~96~-65 -

INumber of friends I Age of friends

Age and sex

Onlya few

A goodnumber

46.4

Both sexes

6-11 years-------

Percentof children

37.4 15.2 0.0

0.6

0.0

1.1 7.5 84.2 4.1 0.73.4

6 years----------------7 yeara----------------8 years----------------9 years----------------10 years -------------11 years---------------

;;.;

36:735.435.534.7

36.3

44.038.134.735.134.830.3

38.5

40.040.838.635.736,239.3

44.346.547.547.645.346,9

47.2

43,147.248.548.645.051.3

45.5

45.545.846.646.645.742.4

12.213.414.716.018.116.8

15.6

11.714.215.615.619.816.8

14.8

81.280.984.186.586.287.1

83,8

1::?8.2

;:;4,1

8.1

10.210.28.9

;::5.5

6.8

3.03.12.62.8

:::

3.2

2.3

;::

& A3,9

3.6

R!0.80.2

;:?

0.6

0.90.70.5

::;0.6

0.8

::;

k ;

t +

0.12

0.07

0.10

0.1;0.130.180.18

0.18

0.270.190.430.070.480.40

27

Boys

6-11 years-------

years----------------years----------------years----------------years----------------

4.2

81.680.083.986.284.686.9

84.7

5.0

2::

:::3.1

. io-years -------------U years--------------

Girls

6.11 years------- 4.1

6 years----------------7 years----------------8 years----------------9 years----------------10 years---------------11 years---------------

12.812.513.816.416.416.8

1::87.4

;::.

80.981.984.286.887.887.2

4.84.64.23.5

N

o. i

Standarderror of percent of children

Both ~exes 6-11 years--

3-7T1.29 1.24

1.45 1.37

0.48 0.70

--1--’~

6-11 years------- 1.01

1.852.191.911,002.061.12

0.72

1.921.401.941.251.791.77

0.43 0.60

0.72 1.020.74 L 590.52 10210.57 0.721.17 0.740.84 0.52

0.30 0.55

1.07 1.180.81 1.070.58 1.201.12 0.760.79 1.061.25 1.04

0.59

6 years----------------7 years----------------

----------------; gz ----------------10 years---------------11 years---------------

3.012.162.50

2.802.322.412.002,432.76-L

1.26 - 0.60L 27 - 0.371.88 - 0.551,55 - 0,332.43 - 0.201.55 - 0.53

1.00 * 0.35

1,331.081.370.781.311.29

0.55

1.460.931.161.231.050.54

2:282.642,13

Girls

6-11 years------- 1.41 1,31

1.41 0.521.83 0.1; 0.301.63 0.201,57 : :.;;1.39 -L 70 - 0:32

6 years----------------7 years----------------8 years----------------9 years----------------10 years---------------11 years---------------

2.072.561.862.101.922.66

1.862.171,812.382.192.63

Table 10. Percent of children by parents’ knowledge of friends, age and sex, with the corre-sponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Number of friends known by parents

AllAlmost Quite a Onlyall number a few

None Unknown

Percent of childrenBoth sexee.-

6-11 years -----------------------

years--------------------------------years--------------------------------years --------------------------------Veals --------------------------------

29,044.2 6.6 19.1 0.0

18.921.918.018.319.018.6

20.3

“21.420.820.020.820.517.9

17.9

:::

::2::;

47.044.346.043.641.143.1

42.2

44.946.942.242.138.038.7

&6.3

27.527.528.929.630.930.0

5.35.85.87.97.67.4

7.2

0.6

0.6iO”years-------------------------------LI years -------------------------------

A?E6-11 years ----------------------- 29.4 0.8

27.925.730.127,432.433.6

4.6

::;9.28.18.8

6.0

1.10.3

R1.01.0

6 years--------------------------------7 years--------------------------------8 years --------------------------------9 years--------------------------------10 years-------------------------------11 years -------------------------------

0.0

Girls

6-11 years ----------------------- 28.6 1.1

16.223.015.815.717.419.4

$\0:61.6

6 years--------------------------------7 years --------------------------------8 years --------------------------------9 years --------------------------------10 years-------------------------------H years -------------------------------

49.141.749,945.244.347.5

1.96

27.129.427.631.9

6.05.4

R

M

o.i

o.i29.326.3 0.7

Standard error of percent of children

1.57 * 0.15Both sexes 6-11 years------------------ 1.16 0.48

Boys

6-11 years----------------------- 0.22

0,460.260.610.260.380.28

1.99 1.17 0.60 1.73

*

0.16

0.Ii

6789

2.602.423.182.373.352.18

2.12

3.213.282,772.982.193.79

2.392.00:.;:

2:482.02

1,42

1.772.962.352.412,002;18

1.080.841.350.921.321.94

0.48

1.230.770.841.271.230.79

2.322.382.182.242.7.52.13

1.52

2.252.182.141.341.873.17

years--------------------------------years--------------------------------years--------------------------------years--------------------------------

10”years -------------------------------11 years -------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years ----------------------- O.16

0.480.180.46:.:;

0:19

6 years --------------------------------7 years --------------------------------8 years------------+------------------9 years --------------------------------10 years -------------------------------11 years -------------------------------

28

Table 11. Percent of children by willingness to make new friends, age, and sex, with the corre-sponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Both sexes

6-11 years--------------------------

6 years -----------------------------------7 years -----------------------------------8 years -----------------------------------9 years -----------------------------------10 years-----------a ----------------------11 years ----------------------------------

6-11 years --------------------------

6 years-----------------------------------7 years -----------------------------------8 years -----------------------------------9 years-----------------------------------10 years----------.........----------------11 years----------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years --------------------------

: g~:------------------------------------------- ------------- --------------

8 years-----------------------------------9 years-----------------------------------10 years----------------------------------11 years----------------------------------

Both sexes 6-11 years ---------------------

Boys

6-11 years--------------------------

years -----------------------------------years -----------------------------------years -----------------------------------vears-----------------------------------

10-years----------------------------------11 years ----------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years--------------------------

6 years -----------------------------------7 years-----------------------------------8 years -----------------------------------9 years -----------------------------------10 years ----------------------------------11 years -----------------------------------

Willingness to make new friends

Somewhat About averageVery out-

shy going--makes Unknownwillingness

friends easily

Percent of children

21.8 I 34.2

I24.323.822.120.319.919,9

20.4

22.423.022.319.017.617.5

23.2

26.324.521.821.722.222.4

0.51

0.46

1.461.961.641.711.581.53

0.82

1.692.012.302.092.041.62

33.631.632.035.836.236.6

35.7

35.432.834.337.935.638.4

32.8

31.630.429.633.636,834.8

43.3

41.744.345.243.443.042.3

43.3

41.843.643.142.446.042.8

43.3

41.744.947.344.340.041.7

0.7

0.4

M0.50.91.2

0.6

0.40.5

$;0.81.2

0.7

Standard error of percent of children

0.981 0.96

1.21

2.681.962.272.022.612.77

1.02

1.02

2.332.032.622.532.182.58

1.15

2.35 2.471.80 1.682.29 2.411.90 2.101.53 1.492.36 2.44

0.40.2

ii;1.01.2

0.10

0.15

0.22:.;;

0:560.340.44

0.15

0.460.220.290.43

29

Table 12. Percent of childrenby ability to gee along with other children,age and sex, with thecorrespondingstandarderror: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Both sexes

6-11 years---------------------------

6 years------------------------------------7 years------------------------------------8 years------------------------------------9 years------------------------------------10 years-----------------------------------11 years-----------------------------------

E?Ys6-11 years---------------------------

6 years------------------------------------7 years------------------------------------8 years---------------------------r--------9 years------------------------------------10 years---------------------.-------------11 years-----------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years---------------------------

6 years------------------------------------7 years------------------------------------8 years------------------------------------9 years------------------------------------10 years-----------------------------------11 years-----------------------------------

Both sexes 6-n years----------------------

Boys

6-11 years---------------------------

6 years------------------------------------7 years------------------------------------8 years------------------------------------9 years------------------------------------10 years---?-------------------------------11 yeara-----------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years---------------------------

6 years------------------------------------7 years------------------------------------8 years------------------------------------9 years------------------------------------10 years-----------------------------------11 years-----------------------------------

30

Ability to get along

I I

No Liked Has

difficul,ty-- as well difficulty

well liked as most with manychildren children

45.9

42.842.546.845.848.349.8

43.8

40?940.042.743.646.450.0

48.1

44.845.151.0;:.;

49:6

Percentof children

49.2

50.9

54.455.051.950.748.444.4

47.4

50.652.644.146.144.646.0

4.7

3.8

3.8

;:;

3;73.2

0.6

0.7

:::0.20.91,0

0.5

Standarderror of percent of children

1.10

1.09

1.792.602.211.952.062.38

1.44

2.302.262.583.242.532.51

1.11

1.17

1.842.802.041.672.192.36

1.34

2.452.202.593.162.552.47

0.28

0.40

0.35

0.70.20.80.30.30.8

0.7

0.70.20.90.11.41.2

0.08

0.12

0.07

0.24

0.16

0.3;0.34

Table 13. Percent of children having had problems with talking, by age and sexerror: United States, 1963-65

, with the corresponding standard

Problem with talking I No IAge and sex

Stammeredor

stutteredTotal

i I I I I I

Both sexes

6-11 years------------------

years---------------------------yeare---------------------------years---------------------------years---------------------------

Percent of children

8.4 1.9 0.0

0.10.10.1

o.i

0.1

0.3

0.;

0.0

0.i

0.;

0.42.0 1.2 2.7 0.6

12.89.67.5

;:;6.2

9.9

14.811.28.88.68.47.4

6.8

2.92.2

::;1.81.3

2.9

4.52.83.42.42.21.7

1.1

2.01.4

i:;0.31.2

1.0

i:!?

;::

1.i

1.3

:::

::;0.71.0

4.33.0

;:;1.92.0

2.92.01.51.42.01.5

2.0

i:?1.51.62.61.2

1.8

;.;

1:6

:::1.7

M0.2

::$0,2

0.5

::;

$:1.00.6

0.6

86.790.092.C92.793.093.6

89.7

84.888.290.791.191.292.4

92.9

0.40.5

::;0.20.2

0.4

$:0.50.30.30.2

0.3

0.20.3

::;0.10.2

9.10 years--------------------------11 years--------------------------

29.26-U years------------------ 3.4

2::

$:2.62.6

6 years---------------------------7 years---------------------------8 years---------------------------9 yeare---------------------------10 years --------------------------11 years--------------------------

6-11 years------------------ 2.0

6 years---------------------------7 yeare---------------------------8 years---------------------------9 years---------------------------10 years--------------------------11 years--------------------------

10.97.96.15.5

::;

0.47

0.47

1.350.901.341.33L 550.83

0.63

t :0.6

;::0.8

0.25

;.:

::;1.31.4

0.81.3

:::0.10.0

Standard error of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 years-------------

Boys

years------------------

0.19

0.20

0.670.560.470.24

0.4;

0.26

0.690.470.670.370.350.39

0.16

0.25

0.790.690.740.470.630.46

0.29

0.750.770.500.500.500.75

0.46 I 0.090.25

+

0.02 .2

0.19 **

0.1; *

6-11 0.38

1.070.660.860,560.620,42

0.23

0.36 0.48 0.11

L 41 0.230.88 0.321.44 0.381.29 0.111.53 0.230.84 0.18

; ;:~----------------------------------- --------- ----------

8 years---------------------------9 years---------------------------10 years--------------------------11 years--------------------------

0.820.900.650.830.740.50 1

**** *~

6-11 years------------------ 0.25

I0.61 0.13

1.55 0.161.44 0.19.1.00 0.491.01 0.170.87 0.120.97 0.20L*

o. li ***

0.15 **

6 years---------------------------7 years---------------------------8 years---------------------------9 years---------------------------10 years--------------------------11 years--------------------------

1.591.460.930,970.871.01

0,440.510.340.440,640.40

0.750.510.360.570.580.44

31

Table 14. Percent of children afraid to be left alone in the dark, by age and sex, with thecorresponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Both sexes

6-11 years -----------------------------------------

6 years --------------------------------------------------7 years --------------------------------------------------8 years --------------------------------------------------9 years --------------------------------------------------10 years -------------------------------------------------11 years ------..------------------------------------------

BcJyg

6-11 years-----------------------------------------

years --------------------------------------------------years --------------------------------------------------years --------------------------------------------------vears --------------------------------------------------

10-years-------------------------------------------------11 years -------------------------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years -----------------------------------------

6 years --------------------------------------------------7 years --------------------------------------------------8 years --------------------------------------------------9 years --------------------------------------------------10 years -------------------------------------------------H years -------------------------------------------------

Both sexes 6-11 years ------------------------------------

Boys

6-11 years--------------------------------:--------

6 years --------------------------------------------------7 years --------------------------------------------------8 years --------------------------------------------------9 years --------------------------------------------------10 years -------------------------------------------------11 years -------------------------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years -----------------------------------------

years --------------------------------------------------years --------------------------------------------------years --------------------------------------------------years--------------------------------------------------

10"years-------------------------------------------------11 years -------------------------------------------------

32

Fear of dark

Afraid Not afraid Unknown

Percent of children

23.3

28.227.624.922.718.517.4

21.2

29.127.421.818.715.014.6

25.5

27.227.928.126.922.120.3

74.2

68.569.573.075.279.380.5

76.4

67.469.876.379.183.283.2

72.0

69.769.169.671.275.377.7

2.5

3.3

$:?2.12.22.1

2.4

2.5

3.13.0;.;

2;62.0

Standard error of percent of children

0.79 I 0;78

0.77 I 0.73

1.712.142.151.661.451.21

1.871.912.501.601.431.62

1.01 ] 1.07

T1.95 1.982.18 2.222.05 2.242.12 2.261,86 1.751.62 1.75

0.20

0.30

0.640.750.360.400.710.48

0.19

0.460.590.340.320.520.37

Table 15. Percent of childrenhaving had a disturbingexperience,by age and sex, with the cor-respondingstandarderror: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Both sexes

6-11 years----------------------------------------

years-------------------------------------------------years-------------------------------------------------years-------------------------------------------------vears-------------------------------------------------

10-years --------- ------------------- ------------- ----------- .11 years------------------------------------------------

Boys

6-11 years----------------------------------------

; g~:--------------------------------------------------- ----- -- - --- --- - ----------- - --------- ------- ----

8 years-------------------------------------------------9 years--.-.-.--.---.--------------.--------------------10 years------------------------------------------------11 years------------------------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years----------------------------------------

6 years-------------------------------------------------7 years-------------------------------------------------8 years-------------------------------------------------9 years-------------------------------------------------10 years-----------------------------.-.,----------------.11 years------------------------------------------------

Both sexes 6-11 years-----------------------------------

Boys

6-11 years-----------------------------------------

6 years-------------------------------------------------7 years-------------------------------------------------8 years-------------------------------------------------9 years-------------------------------------------------10 years------------------------------------------------11 years------------------------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years----------------------------------------

6 years--------------------------------------------------7 years-------------------------------------------------8 years-------------------------------------------------9 years-------------------------------------------------10 years------------------------------------------------11 years------------------------------------------------

Disturbingexperience

No Yes Unknown

73.7

79.474.573.672.072.170.3

73.4

78.872.574.071.771.871.1

74.0

80.076.673.172.372.469.4

Percent of children

25.7

20.025.125.627.527.229.2

26.1

20.726.825;527.727.728.4

25.2

19.423.225.727.326.629.9

0.6

0.60.40.8

::;0.6

0.5

Mi :0.40.4

0.7

Standarderror of percent of children

0.73 I 0.12

0.87 I 0.86 I 0.07

1.90 1.92 0.102.65 2.451.69 1.58 0.1:1.99 1.94 0.131.83 1.76 0.182.26 2.20 0.18

0.80 0.79 0.18

1.731.341.872:091.83

1.651.412.082.041.85

0.270.190.430.070.48

1.98 1.95 0.40

33

Table 16. Percent distribution of children having had a disturbing experience by age at time ofdisturbance, according to age and sex: United States, 1963-65

IAge at time of disturbance

Total who had haddisturbance----------------

Under 1 year----------------------1 year...........................-2 years---------------------------

---------------------------: 7:: ---------------------------5 years------.--------------------6 years---------------------------7 years-.....-..........----------8 years---------------------------9 years----------------------------10 years-------------------..------11 years---------------------.-.--

Total who had haddisturbance----------------

Under 1 year----------------------1 year----------------------------2 years........-.........---------3 years---------------------------4 years---------------------------5 years---------------------------6 years------------------------...7 years...........................8 years------------------.........9 years---------------------------

years--------------------------years--------------------------

Total who had haddisturbance----------------

Under 1 year----------------------1 year----------------------------2 years---------------------------3 years---------------------------4 years........-.........---------5 years“--------------------------6 years---------------------------7 years-...-=---..........--------8 years---------------------------9 years---------------------------10 years--------------------------11 years--------------------------

Age in years at time of examination

6-11years 6 7 8 9 10 11

100.0

0.20.5

H6.212.620.315.613.410.99.35.1

.--.----

-....------------------------.------..--------------------..------..-------.---..-----

-------

-----..------------------.---...---------.---------------..-.------------------------

100.0

0.3

3.8

1;::32.739.00.9

100.0

100.0

-

100.0

0.3

:::19.632.840.1

Both sexes

100.0

ii:;3.24.6

1:::36.129.00.4

100.0

17.2

12.3

70.;...............

100.0

1.10.9

N7.817.135.729.8

.-

100.0

%;4.16.4

2%;25.52:.;.

Boys

100.0

1:::32.1

20.i29.8

Girls

100.0

0.;

:::

.9:124.425.627.3

.

100:0

0.13.62.5

1$::13.317.522.425,30.7

100.0

67.;32.2

100.0

O.i3.72.52.312.113.317.222.326.2

100.O

0.;1.92.92.85.1

1;:;15.823.626.90.2

100.0

6.;

2;::

35.i19.4

100.0 I

100.0

0.;0.9

M:.:.

lH11.824.828.5

100.0

1:::

6.;

2?:;40.9

100.0

I0.4 0.;

M !:;2.9

Riii 5.710.8 6.916.2 12.923.3 11.927.2; 24.9

28.2

34

Table 17. Percent of children who have run away from home, by age and sex, with the correspond-ing standard error: United States, 1963-65

Ran away from home

I I I I IAge and sexThree

Never Once Twice “ Numbero;~~o:e Unknown Unknown

Both sexes Percent of children

6-11 years----------------------------------

==+===1.5

M1.3

;::1.4

1.8

2.31.01.6

;::1.3

1.3

0.4

k ;

:::1.5

0.2

::;0.1

:::0.2

0.2

97.8

97.698.298.097.897.397,7

97.7

96.998.797.997.796.997.9

97.9

0.1

0.30.00.1

:::0.1

0.1

0.;

$;

0.2

0.6001

0.{

; ;:$:------------------------------------------------------------- --------- -------.. -------- -.

8 years -------------------------------------------9 years -------------------------------------------10 years ------------------------------------------11 years ------------------------------------------

O.i

o. i0.2

0.30.2

::?0.50.4

&Ys6-U years---------------------------------- 0.0 0.2

6 years -------------------------------------------7 years -------------------------------------------8 years ------------------ --------- --------- -------9 years-------------------------------------------10 years ------------------------------------------11 years --------- --------------------------- .-----

0.50.3

O.i

O.i

0.1

0.2

O.i

o.i0.2

0.3

0.;0.1

O.i ::;

Girls

6-U years ----------------------------------

6 years -------.- --------- -------------------- -----7 years -------- .--,----- -------- -------- -------- ---8 years -------------------------------------------9 years -------------------------------------------10 years -------..- ------------------- --------- -----11 years ------------------------------------------

98.497.898.297.997.697.4

0.4Ooi

?):;0.1

O.i 0.60.2 0.6

Standard error of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 years----------------------------- 0.03 0.O6 * 0.120.32 0.22

.z?E6-11 years ----------------------------------

years -------------------------------------------years -------------------------------------------years -------------------------------------------years -------------------------------------------

0.32 0.26 0.06

0.300.04

0.2;

001;

0.05

0.19

0.16

0.Iio*20

0.05 * 0.07

0.700.460.580.700.790.56

0.44

0.820.650.680.770.730.92

0.640.460.500.530.750.42

0.25

0.250.580.390.760.440.66

0.10

0. 1;0.130.180.18

0.18

0.270.190.430.070.480.40

0.1;

0.2;0.19

0.11

0.650.10

0.11

-

0.1;

0.04

0.11

0.1;0.19

10-years ------------------------------------------11 years ------------------------------------------

Girls

6-11 years ----------------------------------

6 years -------------------------------------------7 years -------------------------------------------8 yearg~------------------------------------------

9 years -------------------------------------------10 years ------------------------------------------11 years ------------------------------------------

35

Table 18. Percent of children by frequency of thumbsuckingand of bed-wetting, age and sex, with the correspondingstandard.-----error: United States, L9b3-b~

Frequency of thumbsucking Frequency of bed-wetting reportedDoes Doesnot Unknown not

Almost Oncesuck wet Unknown

Frequeuey thumbSeveral SevezM About

Otal every in a TotalLesstwi.k a times a once a *f~en bed

day while month month

Age and sex

Percent of childrenBoth sexes

0,2_

%;0.20.20.3

0.2

0.1

0.i0.2

o.;

0,2

$ ?0.20.10.6

0.31 15.4 5.2 4.6 1.6_

i:!1.51.1L 71.1

1.7

N1.3

;::1.4

1,4

;;

1:21.50.7

3.7-

4.54,5

;:;

2:5

4.2

;::

4;63.73.4

3.2

$:

3:92.01.6

84.4.

78.683.282,984,988.089.3

81,6

74.481.280.881.385.886.5

87,3

83.085.385.288.690,392,2

6-11 years-------- 10.0.

13.613.0

1%:

N

8.3

5.6_

8.8

i::

i:i3.4

4.8

3.8_

;.;.

:::3.32.0

3.2

0.5 89.7_

85.986.9$JJ.:

;;:;

91.3

21.2::; ;$;0.50.3 15:00.4 U. 70.3 10.4

0.7.0.10.10.1

8.4

N4.9;.;.

6.9

11.36.08.26.7;.;

3.5

:::5,24.63.23.7

5,0

;;:5.86.2

:;i

4.1

6 years-----------------7 years-----------------8 years-----------------9 year~--.--.-------.---10 yeare----------------11 years----------------

Boys

L0.4 18.36-H years-------- 0.3

:; 23.03.62.62.0

h.5

87.388.393.890.993.394.4

88.0

0.9 25.40.2 18.80.5 19.1

18.5::; 14.2

13.0

6 years-----------------7 yea=~-----------------8 ye~=~-----------------9 years-----------------10 years----------------11 years----------------

11.711.5

:::6.35.6

11.7

8.16.7

::;3.73.0

6.5

0.;

0.7

+6-11 yeara--------

0.2 16.80.1 14.50.4 14.6

11.3!:; 9.10.6 7.8

6 years-----------------7 ~ea=s----.----.----.--8 yea~,-----------------9 yeara-----------------;; =8_____._

----------------

15.414.411.813.08.76.2

0.h3

0.50

;.$

6:5

::!3.7

0.25

:::4.2

:::2.1

0.2

0.10.2

Standard error of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 years--- 0.30 0.75 0.06

0.38 0.89 0.06

1.95 0.131.00 -1.752.20 0.1;1.391,31 0.3i

X!Ys

6-11 years-------- 0.40

1.491.040.901.600.840.77

0.68

0.560.670.490.470.600.41

0.800.670.650.960.770.83

6 years-----------------7 years-----------------8 years-----------------9 years-----------------lo yea~=----------------11 years----------------

1.27L 290.710.990.780.54

0.5?6-11 years--------

0.85 1.85 0.181.17 2.04 0.140.66 1.74 0.1s1.04 1.39 0.2,30.55 1.19 0.280.&6 1.12 -

6 yearB-----------------7 years-----------------8 yea=~----------------9 years-----------------lo year=----------------11 years----------------

1.510.940.981.2C0.830.86

Table 19. Percehtof childrenbv degreeof tension or nervousnessand temuer.age and sex. with the correspondingstandard.-error:”United States,1963-6$ “ -

.-

Degree Of tensicmor nervousness Degree of temper

Age and sex

R:::: Mcjderately Moderately Unusually Frequent Occasional Mildly Hardlytense calm and Unknown strong angry ~ver

relaxed strong Unknownstrung relaxed temper temper ~;:i;: angry

Both sexes Percentof children

45.s1 8.81 0.81 17,3

I I I

6-11 years--------- 17.1-

14.616.016.518.319.118,2

17.6

13,816.718.018.620.118.7

16.6

27.5

26.127.326.629.425.929.8

29.4

29.331.728.530.226.330.3

25.5

33.3 36.0 12.8 0.4

31.832.433.234.733.834.4

36.0

6 years------------------7 years------------------8 year-------------------9 years------------------10 Deere-----------------11 yeare-----------------

35.237.736.736.235.335.1

33.1

13.412.813.613.012.312.0

10.7

12.411.010.012.19.68.8

15.1

~6-11 yearS--------- 19.8

21.520.120.816.918.320.9

14.8

6 years------------------7 years------------------8 years------------------9 years------------------10 years-----------------11 years-----------------

33.233.337.338.237.836.8

30.6

32.235.631.732.233.833.1

39.0

Girls

6-11 years---------

6 years------------------7 yeara------------------8 years------------------9 ycara------------------10 years-----------------11 years-----------------

15.515.215.018.018.017.7

0.48

22,822.924,628.525.429.3

52.5 16.551.9 ::: k:: 13.750.7 0.8 11,244.6 %2 0.7 14.445.4 10.0 1.2 17.844.4 7.4 1.3 15.3

38.339.841.8:$:

37:1

0.65

14.314.717.513.915.115.2

::;0.60.20.60.5

Standarderror of percentof children

0.76 0.69 0.62 0.16Both sexes 6-11 years---- 0.79

-t

0.65 0.120.61

EY26-11 yeara--------- 0.60

1.451.651.711.521.732.15

0.58

0.93 0.77 0.88 0.18

I I I0.73 0.96 0.75

+6 yeara------------------7 years------------------8 yetnm------------------9 year~------------------10 yeara-----------------11 years-----------------

2.19 2.54 1.24 :.::2.80 2.50 2.031.96 2.53 1.44 0:22;.;; 2.13 1.19 0.27

2.30 L 43 0.142:08 2.40 1.35 0.47

;.;;1:581.681.691.90

0.81

2.022.lB1.902.412.982.13

0.76

2.112.061.561.781.851.93

1.01

1.50 0.101.531.24 0.1;1.35 0.131.48 0.181.04 0.18

*6-11 years --------- 1.01 1.05 0.63 0.17

I I I

0.93I 0.18

6 yeat-a------------------7 yeara------------------8 years------------------9 years------------------10 years-----------------11 years-----------------

1,691.311.211.800.981.51

2,62 2.63 1.28 0.421.29 1.77 1.57 0.262.03 1.94 1.09 0.1s2.31 2.52 1.22 0.352.14 2.13 1.342.90

0.332.38 0.96 0.46

1.71L 481.131.741.801.28

1.901.69L 591.271.991.61

2.241,962.391.962,57

.1.65 11.s7 0.271.08 0.191.s1 0.431.47 0.071.34 0.481.62 0.40

37

Table 20. Percent of children by number of regular family tasks, age, and sex, with the corre-sponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Regular tasks assigned

I I I I I

None One Two I Three Numberor more

Unknownunknown

Both sexes Percent of children

6-11 years ------------------------------------ 21.2 28.4 1.0 0.515.6 33.3

6 years ---------------------------------------------7 years ---------------------------------------------8 years ---------------------------------------------9 years ---------------------------------------------10 years--------------------------------------------H years --------------------------------------------

35.327.620.917.113.911.1

22.3

36.227.023.219.215.111.8

20.0

19.017.016.416.112.412.5

15.6

18.817.715.316.312.412.6

15.7

24.227.129.330.631.428.3

27.1

22.426.727.329.628.428.2

29.9

19.827.131.935.140.446.9

33.6

20.327.433.234.241.846.4

32.9

:::0.90.7

::;

1.1

Boys

6-11 years ------------------------------------

6 years ---------------------------------------------7 years ---------------------------------------------8 years ---------------------------------------------9 years---------------------------------------------10 years --------------------------------------------U years--------------------------------------------

1.7

~::.

k:

0.8

Girls

6-11 years ------------------------------------

6 years---------------------------------------------7 years ---------------------------------------------8 years ---------------------------------------------9 years ---------------------------------------------10 years --------------------------------------------11 years --------------------------------------------

34.328.218.6;;.:

10:4

19.316.217.516.012.412.4

26.027.531.431.634.428.4

19.326.730.536.039.047.4

0.60.5

::;0.60.6

Standard error of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 years ------------------------------- 1.15 0.95 0.88 1.57 0.24 0.12

6-11 years------------------------------------ 1.24 1.24 1.08 1.65 0.29 0.07

6 years ---------------------------------------------7 years ---------------------------------------------8 years ---------------------------------------------9 years ---------------------------------------------10 years--------------------------------------------H years --------------------------------------------

2.4.81.931.971.652.401.59

1.28

2.462.592.311.781.531.31

1.392.041.911.592.361.70

0.97

2.051.511.912.112.532.33

1.14

1.891.952.452.342.402.02

1.762.182.651.83.2.942.77

1.67

0.640.370.320.400.680.32

0.21

0.10

0. 1;0.130.180.18

0.18

Girls

6-11 years ------------------------------------

years ---------------------------------------------years ---------------------------------------------years ---------------------------------------------veals ---------------------------------------------

1.841.851.282.141.412.26

1.992.391.922.102.993.15

0.330.440.630.390.380.36

0.270.190.430.070.480.40

iO”years------------------------------..-------------11 years --------------------------------------------

.38

Table 21. Percent of childrenowning and caring for pets, by age and sex, with the correspondingstandarderror: United States, 1963-65

Age and sex

Owns pet and cares for it-

Does notown pet Unknown

Not usually s;$t~ Not at DegreeUsually but often all not

often reported

Percent of childrenBoth sexes

6-11 years----------- 40.1

44.~42.639.239.436.138.1

38.8

22.1 8.2 21.0 7.9 0.3 0.4

6 years--------------------7 years--------------------8 years--------------------9 years--------------------10 years-------------------11 years-------------------

13.616.722.425.626.928.1

24.2

23.622.820.919.120.418.8

20.7

12.1

;::6.35.55.5

6.8

0.40.40.60.40.40.4

0.3

W!a6-11 years----------- 8.9

6 years--------------------7 years--------------------8 years--------------------9 years--------------------10 years-------------------11 years-------------------

43.942.836.039.234.735.5

41.5

45.842.5:;.:

37:640.7

1.51

1.62

15.517.525.427.528.531.3

19.9

11.615.919.323.525.224.8

4.7

;::10.110.79.5

25.521.921.317.819.717.7

21.3

21.623.820.520.421.119.9

9.77.4

l:;5.55.8

9.0

14.410.89.6

M5.3

0.4

:::

M0.2

0.5

0.40.3

::;

M

0.12

0.07

Girls

6-11 years----------- 7.4

6 years--------------------7 years--------------------8 years--------------------9 years--------------------10 years-------------------11 years-------------------

Standarderror of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 years------ 0.87

0.93

0.44

Y0.71

2!226-11 years----------- 0.54 0.93 0.501 0.11

6 years-*------------------7 years--------------------8 years--------------------9 years--------------------10 years-------------------11 years-------------------

2.162.092.983.032.411.93

1.54

1.681.161.612.342.191.75

0.92

0.891.161.18

2.551.532.021.561.551.87

1.34 0.181.02 0.221.08 0.151.01 0.181.02 0.350.81

0.10

0.1:0.130.180.18

0.18

0.270.190.430.070.480.40

39

1.111.520.76

Girls

6-11 years----------- 0.56 0.75 0.701 0.16

1.94 0.161.53 0.591.37 0.331.35 0.180.81 0.150.82 0.13

1.451.552.251.422.422.07

1.181.241.181.671.47

2.001.441,751.191.681.49

6 years--------------------7 years--.---.-.-.--=------8 years-------------------9 years--------------------10 years-------------------11 years-------------------

1.782.452.952.693.202.43 1.95

I

Table 22. Percent of childrenusually spendingpart of day away from home with whereaboutsun-known to parents,by age and sex, with the correspondingstandarderror: United States, 1963-65

Time away from home per day

Age and sexSome--

less than2 hours

Between2 and 4 More than

hours .4hours UnknownNone

Percentof childrenBoth sexes

6-11 years ------------------------ 77.2 20.0 1.9 0.3 0.5

82.081.676.575.075.572.3

70.9

15.816.420.922.221.324.2

1:31.4

i:;2.22.5

3.2

0.10.30.30.10.40.4

0.80.4

::;0.60.6

6 years---------------------------------7 years---------------------------------8 years---------------------------------9 years---------------------------------.10 years--------------------------------11 years--------------------------------

6-11 years------------------------ 25.1 0.3 0.4

:::

t:0.30.2

6 years ---------------------------------7 years---------------------------------8 years---------------------------------9 years---------------------------------10 years--------------------------------11 years--------------------------------

79.178.072.367.065.062.9

83.8

85.085.380.883.386.381.9

17.919.324.128.029.932.3

M0.20.60.6

Girls

6-11 years------------------------ 14.8 0.2 0.6

6 years ---------------------------------7 years---------------------------------8 years---------------------------------9 years ---------------------------------10 years--------------------------------11 years --------------------------------

13.513.317.616.212.515.8

0.80.60.60.40.30.9

t!0.90.10.81.0

0.10.3

Se5ndarderror of percent of children

Both sexes 6-11 years-------------------

7--’0.17

+2S2E

6-11 years ------------------------ 1.03 ) 1.05 0.29 0.08] 0.07

1.992.122.002.111.891.99

2.041.741.942.312.222..03

6 years ---------------------------------7 years---------------------------------8 years ---------------------------------9 years ---------------------------------10 years --------------------------------11 years --------------------------------

0.680.610.510.990.690.63

0.09

0.410.260.370.250.230.31

0. li0.290.160.400.29

0.10

0.160.130.180.18

Girls

6-11 years ------------------------ 0.99 0.92I

0.09I 0.18I

2.11 1.891.77 1.771.80 1.671.15 1.092.06 1.812.09 2.05

0.22 0.270.27 0.19

0.430,07

0.li 0.480.34 0.40

6 years---------------------------------7 years----------------------------------8 years---------------------------------9 years---------------------------------10 years-------------------------------.11 years --------------------------------

1

40

Table 23. Percent of children belonging to organizations or taking special lessons, by age and sex, with the corre-sponding standard error: United States, 1963-65

Activity group

E;couts, Brownies, Art classes or Religious activitiesor training

I

Takes Takes

part in part in

one group two’groupsor more

Athletics

I

BelongsBelongs to twoto onegroup groups

or more

Other

Age and sex

!elongsBelongs Belongs

to one to two Belongs to two

organi - organi - to onezations group

groupszation or more or more

Belongs Belongs

to one to two

group groupsor more

I I I

Both sexes Percent of children

6-11 years ------ 21.5—

1.1

2%:31.332.730.0

17.9

0.4-

12.0 I 2.2

I

9.1 0.9 7.8 1.4

T4.7 0.3

::z o.i0.1

i::6.6 M8.2 0.2

6 years ---------------7 years ---------------8 years ---------------9 years ---------------10 years --------------11 years --------------

4.8 0.51.0

Ii:: 2.213.2 2.717.7 2.519.0 5.0

H9.2

1::211.5

8.8

0.40.7

::!1.21.2

0.4

:::7.5

1?:212.2

10,7

0.50.21.41.62.72.6

2:4

0.10.30.50.41.1

Buys

6-U years ------ 5.41 0.50.3

6 years ---------------7 yew%---------------8 years ---------------9 years ---------------10 years --------------11 yeara --------------

0.8

2::;28.628.026.5

25.3

l;::31.434.037.533.6

::?7.5

J:;15.3

O.i0.31.5

::?

3.0

1:::11.816.318.3

4.8

0.40.2

;::

:::

0.5

::?0.30.8

+4----=6-11 years ------ 0.5

1!:!14.518.624.122.7

6 years ---------------7 years ---------------8 years ---------------9 year~....-..------..10 years --------------11 years --------------

4.6

!!710.211.812.6

0.61.11.51.6

+:;

2.2O.z

;:1 0.10.7

::: 0.17.5 0.1

):0:51.3 5;2

Standard error of percent of children

Bath sexes 6-11 years- 1.16 0.11 0.73

0.84

1.060.901.071.531.021.38

0.88

1.231.191.561.842.322.42

0.17 0.42 0.07

L!?z%6-11 yeara ------ =-l---=1.37 I 0.13 0.12

0.75 0.140.1; 1.13 0.180.23 1.27 0.180.60 1.76 0.360,68 1,32 0.131.12 1.39 0.25

0,901.022.041.231.701.66

0.25 0.830.840.730.851.401.24

6 years ---------------7 years ---------------8 years ---------------9 years ---------------10 years --------------11 years --------------

0.30 -0.732.53 0.2;2.16 0.143.10 0,232.39 0.45

0. li;.;;

0:20

0.07

0.2;0.110.280.130.M

0:180.450.541.000.84

Girla

6-11 years ------

+0.39 0.71 0.25 0.47

0.48 1.20 0.29 0.570.67 1.12 0.35 0.761.17 1.30 0.75 0.840.69 1.40 0.68 1,100.66 1.69 0.56 1,211.08 1.56 0.60 0.92

0.15 0.48

6 years ---------------7 y~~r~ ....-----------8 years ---------------9 years---------------10 years --------------11 years --------------

0.48L 38 0.Ii2.62 0.222.33 0.413.17 0.392.03 0.55

0.46

0.5;0.260.350.28

1.070.850,680,931.041..26

41

Table 24. Percentdistribution of children by time spent per dayUnited States, 1963-65

watchingTV, accordingto age and sex:

Age andsex

h

Total

Time spentwatchingTVMediantime

1’aticingTV1-1%

hours

22.6

2hours

30.0_

26.7

29.6

30.7

30.2

32.730.5

30.8

29.3

29.2

31.730.4

32.4

32.0

29.3

24.1

30.0

29.7

29.9

33.029.1

None

11.2

Lessthan‘%hour

0.7

%-1hour

6.6

WI-2hours

5Iours

4hours

6 hoursor more

Don!tknow

1

Both sexes

6-11

L

years- 100.0 11.4 11.3 3.5 1.3 0.6

0.60.5

0.5

0.5

0.9

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.9

1.2

0.4

1.0

0.4

0.6

0.4

Ih 53m

Ih 42m

Ih 46m

lh 52m

2 hr.

lh 57m2h 3m

lh 57m

6 years ---- 100.0

7 years ---- 100.0

8 years---- 10000

9 years ---- 100.0

10 years --- 100.0

11 years--- 100.0

il.911.6

10.9

11.6

10.4

10.9

11.1

0.70.8

0.4

0.6

1.3

0.5

0.8

8.4

7.7

7.1

5.7

5.54.8

6.1

7.0

8.1

7.05.2

4.3

4.5

7.1

9.9

7.3

7.3

6.1

6.6

5.0

24.6

24.2

23.9

20.3

21.6

20.6

21.5

22.4

22.222.3

18.5

21.7

22.0

23.7

26.8

26.3

25.7

22.2

21.519.2

11.510.9

10.1

11.7

12.5

11.7

11.8

11.2

11.310.613.4

13.5

10.8

11.0

11.8

10,4

9.6

9.9

11.412.8

11.2

10.0

11.3

13.1

10.5

12.1

12.0

11.7

11.2

11.614.4

10.5

12.7

10.7

10.6

8.9

10.9

11.8

10.511.4

2.5

2.6

3.8

4.1

3.0

5.2

3.4

3.0

2.6

3.53.8

3.7

3.6

3.7

1.00.9

0.9

1.2

1.2

2.4

1.5

Boys I6-11

Lyears- 100.00

6 years---- 100.00

7 years ---- 100.008 years ---- 100.00

9 years ---- 100.00

10 years --- 100.00

11 years--- 100000

12.2

12.711.110.4

10.2

10.2

11.3

0.9

0.70.5

0.6

1.5

0.3

0.6

0.4

0.8

0.2

0.6

1.00.8

1.1

0.9

1.31.8

1.4

2.5

1.0

0.9

0.7

0.30.7

0.4

0.7

0.6

0.3

0.4

0.10.8

0.4

0.7

1.0

lh 50m

lh 47mlh 56m2h 47m

lh 57m

2h 4m

lh 50m

Girls I6-11years- 100.00

6 years---- 100.00

7 years---- 100.00

8 years---- 100.00

9 years ---- 100.00

11.6

10.5

10.8

13.0

10.711.5

2.1

2.7

4.0

4.4

2.4

6.9

0.9

0.8

0.4

0.6

1.02.3

0.3

0.4

0.8

0.2

1.4

0.6

1.5

1.9

0.6

1..3

0.50.4

lh 33m

lh 45m

lh 49m

lh 55m

lh 57m

2h 2m

150perten< of childrenspent this much time or less watchingTV.

NOTE: h=hcmr,m=minute.

42

Table 25. Percentdistributionof children by time spent per day listeningto radio, accordingto age andsax: United States,1963-65

Time spent listeningto radio

3hours

0.5

4hours

0.3_

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.0

1.1

0.1’

Total

100.I

100.I

100.I

100.f

100.1

100,I

100.I

100.I

Lessthan‘%hour

2.8—

1.81.4

3.5

3.3

3.1

4.2

2.9

~~-1hour

7.0.

4.3

5.3

5.5

6.9

10.3

9.8

7.4

1/2-2hours

0.8_

0.40.3

0.3

0.5

0.7

2.6

0.5

0.1

0.3

0.50.1

0.6

1.4

1.1

0.7

0.4

0.1

0.8

0.7

3.9

2hours

2.4-

1.41.9

2.3

2.8

2.0

4.4

1.8

5Age and sex

Don’tknow

L-1%flours

6.0_

3.9

4.0

5.1

6.8

7.5

8.9

4.9

6 hoursor more

0.1

None hours

77.3

85.784.1

80.1

76.7

71.4

64.5

79.5

0.0

Both sexes

6-11 years----- 2.8

6 years--------------

7 yeare--------------8 years--------------

9 yeare--------------10 years-------------11 years-------------

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.8

0.6

0.4

o.a0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.2

0.3

0.0

1.7

2.5

2.7

2.4

4.0

3.5

2!226-11 years----- 2.5

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.1

2.3

1.9

1.62.2

3.9

3.2

6 years--------------

7 years--------------8 years--------------

9 years--------------

10 years-------------

11 years-------------

Girls

6-11 years-----

100.I

100.(

100.I100.(

100.I

100.(

100.(

86.2

85.3

81.6

79.7

74.1

69.2

75.0

85.2

82.9

78.5

73.6

68.6

59.6

1.7

1.6

3.43.7

3.2

4.0

2.8

4.8

6.1

6.26.8

9.5

11.5

6.5

2.7

3.4

4.3

5.7

6.4

6.8

7.1

1.3

1.4

2.21.6

1.6

2.9

3.0

1.5

2.5

2.3

4.0

2.4

5.8

0.5

0.0

0.2

0.2

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.7

1.0

0.7

0.4

0,0

0.0

0,0

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.0

2.1

0.00.00.00.00.00.3

0.1 3.1

6 years--------------

7 years--------------

8 years--------------

9 years--------------

10 years-------------

11 years-------------

100.(

100.I

100.I

100.(

100.(

100.(

1.9

1.2

3.6

2.8

2.9

4.5

3.8

4.5

4.9

7.1

11.18.0

5.1

4.6

5.8

7.9

8.6

11.0

0,00.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.00.00.00.10.5

0.3

1.0

3.1

3.9

2.6

4.2

3.9

43

Table 26. Percent distribution of children by time spent per day reading newspapers, comics, or magazines,according to age and s&: United States, 1~63-65- -——

Mediantime

i;p%hreading 1

Time spent reading newspapers, comics, or magazines

5hours

5 hoursm more

Don’t

Age andsax Less

than‘hhour

18.9

‘A-1hour

13.7

4.1

9.1

14.5

16.6

17.1

21.8

14.5

4.7

9.6

17.0

16.3

17.2

23.4

12.9

3.6

8.5

12.0

17.016.9

20.1

1-1%hours

3.8

1%2hours

0.4

2hours

3hours

4loursTotal

100.0

None

60.1

Both sexes

6-11yeara - 0.4

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.20.5

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.5

0.50.2

0.7

0.0

0.00.00.1

0.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.10.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

.

0.0

0.00.1

0.1

0.00.0

0.1

0.00.20.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

2.7 -

-3 min.

7 min.

-

5 min.

12 min.

2 min.

3 min.

6 years ----

7 years ----

8 years ----

9 years ----

10 years ---

11 years ---

~s

6-11

years -

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

82.0

72.9

58.9

53.6

$7.1

44.1

59.2

9.412.9

20.8

21.6

25.3

23.8

19.0

1.71.9

2.6

3.6

6.6

6.9

3.8

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.5

0.4

0.7

0.5

2.3

2.7

2.6

3.6

3.0

2.1

2.5

2.0

2.32.3

2.5

3.7

2.4

2.9

2.6

3.1

2.8

4.62.3

1.9

6 years ----

7 yeara ----

8 years ----

9 years ----

10 yeara ---

11 years ---

Girls

6-11

years -

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0100.0

100.0

82.0

72.7

58.054.1

L5.9

$0.2

61.0

82.0

73.0

59.7

53.048.3

$8.1

9.8

13.0

19.422.4

25.2

24.9

18.7

9.1

12.9

22.3

20.9

25.4

22.6

1.2

1.72.63.4

6.6

7.3

3.9

2.1

2.1

2.6

3.96.6

6.4

0.1

0.20.20.8

0.6

1.1

0.2

0.4

0.3

0.1

0.10.3

0.2

6 years ----

7 years ----

8 years ----

9 years ----

10 years ---

11 years ---

0.00.00.00.00.0

150 percent of children spent this amount of time Or 1-

44

Table 27. Percent distribution of children by time spent per day reading booka, according to age and sex:United States, 1963-65

Time spent readingbooks Mediantime

spentin suchreading Iho~rs

3.5

1-172hours

1%-2hours

3Iours

0.4.

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.5

0.30.9

0.2

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.20.4

0.6

4hours

0.1

5hours

0.0

Age andsex

6 hoursor more

Don’tknow

5.0

Lessthan‘%hour

Total None hour

.Bokhsexes

6-11years- 100,0 38.0 11.9 23.7 14.8 2.6

_

1.3

1.8

2.9

2.6

2.84.4

2.0

0.9

1.6

2.2

2.6

2.1

2.7

3.3

0.0 30 min.

6 years----

7 years----8 years----

9 years----

10 years---

11 years---

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

55.2

38,4

30.8

35.4

32.9

34.4

43.1

56.9

42.8

34.1

44.4

40.539.3

32.7

53.433.9

27.4

26.1

25.0

29,2

11.8

12.6

13.9

11.9

12.2

9.0

13.4

12.8

12.9

17.2

12.4

14.9

10.2

10.4

19.125.7

27.2

25.3

22.722.3

22.3

16.7

25.5

27.5

23.2

19.520.9

25.2

7.314.0

17.1

14.7

19.017.2

11.8

7.2

10.9

11.9

10.2

14.6

16.6

17.9

1.6

2.7

3.1

4.6

3.85.3

2.2

1.1

1.4

1.9

2.7

3.0

3.4

4.8

0.00.2

0.1

0.1

0.10.2

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

0.00.00.10.00.00.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.00.1

0.0

3.4

4.3

4.6

4.9

6.2

6.2

5.0

4.2

4.7

5.1

4.2

5.26.4

4.9

9 min.

36 min.

33 min.

37 min.

39 min.

15 min.

E!Y%6-11years-

6 years----

7 years ----8 years----

9 years----LO years---

11 years---

0.00.00.00.3

0.0

0.2

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.0

17 min.

28 min.

13 min.

19 min.

31 min.

38 min.

35 min.

43 min.

44 min.

48 min.

46 min.

Girls

6-11years-

6 yeara----7 years----

8 years----

9 years----

10 yeara---

11 years---

10.7

12.2

10.6

11.4

9.4

7.8

21.5

25.9

26.8

27.5

26.0

23.8

7.417.2

22.5.

19.4

23.4

18.0

1.8

2.0

3.6

2.6

3.6

6.1

2.2

4.1

4.2

6.5

4.7

7.2

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.9

0.5

1.5

0.00.4

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.3

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.10.00.0

2.6

3.94.2

5.6

7.1

6.1

150 pertent of childrenspent this much time or less.

45

Table 28. Percentdistributionof childrenby time with friends,accordingto age andspent per day playingStates, 1963-65sex: “Mited

Time spent playingwith friends Mediantime

pl;~~g

Eriends*

2h. 24m.

2h. 37m.

2h. 31m.

2h, 24m.

2h. 22m.

2h, 34m.

2h. 13m.

2h. 30m.

2h, 39m.

2h. 36m.

2h. 27m.

2h, 29m.

2h. 28m.

2h. 22m.

2h. 18m.

2h. 36m.

2h. 25m.

2h. 2hn.

2h. 14m.

2h, 2m.

2h. 2m.

rotal

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100do

100.0

100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

5hours

3.5

5 hoursm more

10.2

13.2

1147

8.5

10.8

9.0

7.5

U.3

Don’tknow

Age afidaex

Both sexes

6-11years-

6 years----

7 years----

8 years----

9 years----

10 years---

11 years---

Boys

6-11years-

6 year$----

7 years----

8 years----

9 years----

10 years--

11 years---

Girls

6-11years-

6 years---

7 years----

8 years----

9 years----

10 years---

U years---

LessthanXhour

0,8

!4-1hour

4.4

1-1%hours

16.0

LX-2hours

7.7

2Iours

26.1

3hours

12.8

4lours

5.7

None

1.O.7-

L0,9

10.9

10.6

9.8

11.2

10.6

9.5

10.88.3

10.5

9.0

10.5

8.0

11.8

2.1~

1.5

2.5

2.0

1,6

3.0

2.5

2.0

0.7

2.1

2.4

1,.5

2.5

2,7

2.4

0.9

0.7

0.7

0.5

0.7

1.1

0.6

3.5

3.7

4.6

5.2

4.5

5.0

3.4

11.6

14.5

14.8

17.6

19,5

18.3

15.3

6,6

7.2

7,3

7.9

7.8

9.4

7.8

26.5

25.3

30.0

24.6

24.9

25.3

26.7

14.6

13.6

12.5

13.3

11.6

11.3

14.2

16.0

14.9

12.5

14.4

14.2

13.0

11.4

6.7

5.7

5.4

4.6

5.5

6.4

5.4

5.3

5.6

5.5

4.4

5.7

5.9

6.0

4.0

4.2

3.6

4.1

2.3

2.6

3.8

5.05.0

3.7

4.0

2.4

2,8

3.2

13:8

12.4

8.7

12.6

11.7

8.2

9.0

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.0

0.8

1,0

1.0

2,9

3.3

3.5

3.4

2.8

4.5

5.5

4.2

4.0

5.6

7.1

6.3

5.6

12.4

14,7

13.8

18.8

16.4

16.1

16.7

6.6

7.8

7.8

6.5

8.0

10.3

7.5

26.0

25.4

31.0

25.4

25,0

27.5

25.5

100.0100.0100.O

100.0

100.0

100,0

11.013.6

10.6

10.7

11.9

13.3

10.8

14.3

15.916.3

22.7

20,7

6.5

6.6

6.8

9.3

7.6

8.4

13.1

12.2

12.5

12.2

8.9

9.5

8.1

5,8

5,2

4.7

5.3

6.9

3.0

3.5

3.5

4.2

2.2

2.5

12.6

11.0

8.3

9.0

6.2

6.8

2.2

2.8

1.6

1.7

3.6

2.1

1.4

1.0

0.8

1.0

0.7

1.2

27.1

25.2

29.2

23.8

24.6

23.0

;ogEpe~=;::r, ~~inute.of childrenspent this much time or less playingwith friends.

46

Table 29. Percentdistributionof children by time spent per day playingby himself, accordingto age andsex: United States,1963-65

Time spent playingby self

4hours

Age and sex‘%-lhouz

l-lxhours

3hours

1.9

ILessthan‘hhour

1%-2hours

2hours

. 6 hoursor more

10nl t

mowTotal None ho&s

,

=1=-0.3 0.(

Both sexes

6-11 years-----

6 years--------------

7 years--------------

8 years--------------

9 years--------------

10 years-------------

11 years-------------

.Boys

6.11 years-----

6 years--------------7 years--------------

8 years--------------

9 years--------------

10 years------.----..

lL years-------------

Girls

6-11 years....-

6 yeara--------------

7 year8.-.------..w--

8 yeara--------------

9 years--------------

10 years-------------

11 years-------------

100.0 59.5 1.6 8.C 14.5 2.6

2.8

2.9

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.6

3.22.3

2.6

2,9

2.32.0

2.6

2.5

3.4

2.3

2.22.4

3.1

6.7 0.7 3.6

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0100.0

100,0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

52.7

58.9

59.8

61,0

62.7

62.2

59,0

52,7

60.4

58,5

60.3

61.9

60,8

59.9

1..41,8

1.5

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.9

1.92.0

1,9

2.2

1.51.7

1.4

8.8

7.8

7.0

7,1

8.0

9.6

8.2

9.58.3

6.8

6.3

8.3LO.1

7.8

16.3

15.5

15.1

15.9

12.7

11.6

14.8

14.5

15.7

16.2

16.7

12.5

12.8

14.3

9.46.4

7.1

5.7

5.6

5.6

6.8

2.8

1.6

1.9

2.1

1.2

1.6

1.8

1.3

0.8

0.5

0.2

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.1

0.6

0.2

0.2

0.2

1.(

0.[0.70.;0.80.1

3.1

3.4

3.4

3,1

4.1

4.4

3.60.2] 0,5

0.30.0

0.2

0.2

0.20.2

1.3

0.5

0.3

0.2

0.6

9.6

5.8

6.9

5.5

7.26.0

6.6

9.3

7,1

7.3

5.9

4.0

5.4

2.8

1.3

2.1

2.2

0.61.8

2.0

2.8

2.0

1.7

2.0

1.8

1,5

0.80.8

0!7

0.3

0.60.2

0.8

1.8

0.8

0.3

0.0

0.8

1.0

3.42.9

3.8

3.2

4.34.4

3,5

2.9

4.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

4,3

0,4

0.4

0.2

1.0

0.20.3

0.4

0.7—

0.6

1.1

1,0

0.4

0.9

0.2

100.0LOO.O

Loo.o

LOO.O

100,0

q)o. o

52.8

57,5

61.061,7

63.563.5

0.9

1.4

1.1

1.7

1,7

1.4

8,0

7.3

7.2

7,8

7.7

9.0

18.015.2

14.1

15,112,9

10.2

47

Table 30. Percent distribution of children by time spent per day working (chores, etc.), ac~ording to ageand sex: United States, 1963-65

Age andsex

Both sexes

6-11years -

6 years ----

7 years ----

8 years ----

9 years ----

10 years ---

11 years---

Boys

6-11years -

6 years ----

7 years ----

8 years ----

9 years ----

10 years ---

11 years ---

Girls

6-11years -

6 years ----

7 years ----

8 years ----

9 years ----

10 years ---

11 years---

Total

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100,0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0100.0

100.0

100.0

None

19.9

35.4

25.5

19.2

15.8

12.4

9.9

21.2

36.0

25.7

21.9

17.9

13.4

11.4

18.5

34.7

25.3

16.4

13.7

11.4

8.4

Lessthan‘%hour

30.5

34,1

35.7

32.1

29.1

28.7

23.0

34.3

36.6

37.6

34.3

32.2

36.1

28.6

26.7

31.4

33.8

29.8

25.9

21.1

17.1

Time spent working (chores, etc. )

‘%-lhour

30.4

20.2

26.3

32.7

34.5

34.7

34.7

29.2

18.0

25.1

31.7

33.5

32.6

34.8

31.7

22.6

27.5

33.6

35.6

36.9

34.7

l-lx?hours

12.6

7.7

9.2

11.2

13.9

14.8

18.9

9.8

7.1

8.5

8.0

10.9

10.8

14.2

15.4

8.4

10.0

14.7

17.0

19.0

23.8

M-2hours

2.1

0.6

1.3

1.4

1.7

3.6

4.1

1.5

0.2

1.2

0.8

1.6

1.9

3.4

2.7

1.1

1.4

2.0

1.8

5.4

4.8

2hours

3.0

1.3

1.1

2.2

3.5

3.6

6.5

2.4

1.3

1.0

2.0

2.3

3.4

4.9

3.5

1.3

1.1

2.5

4.6

3.7

8.1

3Iours

0.4

0.0

0.1

0.3

0.3

1.0

1.0

0.4

0.00.10.6

0.1

0.7

1.1

0.5

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.6

1.3

1.0

4hours

0.2-

0.00.00.00.2

0.3

0.6

0.1

0.00.00.00.2

0.0

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.6

0.8

5hours

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.00.00.00.00.2

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

6 hoursor more

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.00.00.00.6

0.4

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.0

Don’tknow

0.7

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.5

0.9

0.7

0.3

0.8

0.8

0.5

0,6

1.1

Medianime forthoseorking’

39m

28m

32m

38m

41m

43m

49m

35m

26m

3om

35m

38m

37m

44m

43m

32m

34m

41m

45m

49m

45m

150 percent of children with regular chores spent this much time or less in such work.

48

APPENDIX I

STATISTICAL NOTES

The Survey Design

The sample design for the second cycle of theHealth Examination Survey, similar to the one usedfor the first cycle, was that of a multistage, stratifiedprob~bility sample of loose clusters of persons inkmd-b~sed segments. Successive elements dealt within the process of sampling are primary samplingunit (I%U); census enumeration district (ED); segment,household, eligible child (EC); and, finally, the samplechild (SC).

At the first stage, the nearly’ 2,000 PSU’S intowhich the United States (including Hawaii and Alaska)hw been divided and then grouped into 357 strata foruse in the Current Population Survey and the HealthInterview Survey were further grouped into 40 super-strata for use in Cycle H of the Health ExaminationSurvey, The average size of each Cycle 11stratum was4.5 milllon persons, and all strata fell between thelimits of 3.5 and 5.5 million. Grouping into 40 stratawas done in a way that maximized homogeneity of thePSI-Fs included in each stratum, particularly withregard to degree of urbanization, geographic proximity,:md duhwee of industrialization. The 40 strata wereclass lfied into four broad geographic regions (eachwith 10 strata) of approximately equal population andcross -classified into four broad population density&Toups (each having 10 strata). Each of the 16 cellscontained either two or three strata. A single stratummight include only one PSU (or only part of a PSU,for example, New York City which represented twostrata) or several score PSLPS.

To take account of the possible effect that therate of population change betwsen the 1950 and 1960Census mtght have had on health, the 10 strata withineach region were further classified into four classesranging from those with no increase to those with thegreatest relative increase. Each such class containedeither two or three strata,

One PSU was then selected from each of the 40straw. A controlled selection technique was used inwhich the probability of selection of a particular PSU

was proportional to its 1960 population. In the controlledselection an attempt was also made to maximize thespread of the PSU’s among the States. While not everyone of the 64 cells in the 4x4x4 grid contributes aPSU to the sample of 40 PSU’s, the controlled selectiontechnique ensured the sample’s matching the marginaldistributions in aH three dimensions and being cIoselyrepresentative of all cross-classifications.

Generally, within a particular PSU, 20 ED’s wereselected with the probability of selection of a particularED proportional to its population in the age group5-9 yeara in the 1960 Census, which by 1963 roughlyapproximated the population in the target age groupfor Cycle II. A similar method was used for selectingone segment (cluster of households) in each ED. Eachof the resultant 20 segments was either a”boundedarea or a cluster of households (or addresses). Allthe children in the age range properly resident at theaddress visited were EC’s. Operational considerationsmade it necessary to reduce the number of prospectiveexaminees at any one location to a maximum of 200.The EC’s to be excluded for this reason from the SCgroup were determined by systematic subsampling.

The total sample included 7,417 children from 25different States in the age group 6-11 years withapproximately 1,000 in each of the single years ofage.

Reliability

Measurement processes employed in the surveywere highly standardized and closely controlled. Ofcourse this does not mean that the correspondencebetween the real world and the survey results isexact. Data from the survey are imperfect for threemajor reasons: (1) resulta are subject to samplingerror, (2) the actual conduct of a survey never agreesperfectly with the design, and (3) the measurementprocesses themselves are inexact even though stan-dardized and controlled.

The first report on Cycle 114describes in detailthe faithfulness with which the sampling design wascarried out. It notes that out of the 7,417 sample

49

children the 7,119 who were examined—a responserate of 96 percent—gave evidence that they were ahighly representative sample of children of this agein the noninstitutional population of the United States.The response levels for the varicms demographicsubgroups —including those for age, sex, race, region,population density, parent’s educational level, andfamily income-show no marked differentials. Henceit appears unlikely that nonresponse could bias thefindings much in these respects.

Measures used to control the quality of data fromthis survey in general have been cited previously:The Child’s Medical History—Parent—was picked uppersonally by one of the HES interviewers who madean on-the-spot edit of the completed form and askedabout any missing or questionable entries. Both thisand the interviewer-administered questionnaire werereviewed for completeness and consistency by otherstaff in the field office. Additional information neededat this stage was then obtained from the parent beforethe field unit left that particular examination location.

Data recorded for each sample child are inflatedin the estimation process to characterize the largeruniverse of which the sample child is representative.The weights used in this inflation process are aproduct of the reciprocal of the probability of selectingthe child, an adjustment for nonresponse cases, and apoststratified ratio adjustment which increases preci-sion by bringing survey results into closer alignmentwith known U.S. population figures by color and sexwithin single years of age 6-11.

In the second cycle of the Health ExaminationSurvey the sample was the result of three stages ofselection—the single PSU from each stratum, the 20segments from each sample PSU, and the samplechildren from the eligible children. The probability ofselecting an individual child is the praduct of theprobability of selection at each stage.

Since the strata are roughly equal in populationsize and a nearly equal number of sample childrenwere examined in each of the sample PSU’S, thesample design is essentially self-weighting with re-spect to the target population; that is, each child 6through 11 years old had about the same probabilityof being drawn into the sample.

The adjustment upward for nonresponse is intendedto minimize the impact of nonresponse on final estimatesby imputing to nonrespondents the characteristics of“similar” respondents. Here “similar’.’ respondentswere judged to be examined children in a sample PSUhaving the same age (in years) and sex as childrennot examined in that sample PSU.

The poststratified ratio adjustment used in thesecond cycle achieved most of the gains in precisionwhich would have been attained if the sample had beendrawn from a population stratified by age, color, andsex and made the final sample estimates of populationagree exactly with independent controls prepared by

the Bureau of the Census for the U.S. noninstitutionalpopulation as of August 1, 1964 (approximate mid-survey point), by color and sex for each single yearof age 6 through 11. The weight of every respondingsample child in each of the 24 age, color, and sexclasses is adjusted upward or downward so that theweighted total within the class equals the independentpopulation control.

Sampling and Measurement Error

In the present report, reference has been made toefforts to minimize bias and variability of measurementtechniques.

The probability design of the survey makes possiblethe calculation of sampling errors. The sampling erroris used here to determine how imprecise the surveytest results may be because they come from a samplerather than from the measurements of all elements inthe universe.

The estimation of sampling errors for a study ofthe type of the Health Examination Survey is difficultfor at least three reasons: (1) measurement errorand “pure” sampling error are confounded in thedata—it is not easy to find a procedure which willeither completely include both or treat one or theother separately, (2) the survey design and estimationprocedure are complex and accordingly require com-putationally involved techniques for the calculation ofvariances, and (3) from the survey are coming thousandsof statistics, many for subclasses of the populationfor which there are a small number of cases. Estimatesof sampling error are obtained from the sample dataand are themselves subject to sampling error, whichmay be large when the number of cases in a cell issmall or even occasionally when the number of casesis substantial.

Estimates of approximate sampling variability forselected statistics used in this report are presentedin table I and in the detailed tables. These estimateshave been prepared by a replication technique whichyields overall variability through observation of vari-ability among random subsamples of the total sample.The method reflects both “pure” sampling varianceand a part of the measurement variance.

In accordance with usual practice, the intervalestimate for any statistic may be considered the rangewithin one standard error of the tabulated statisticwith 68-percent confidence, or’ the range within twostandard errors of the tabulated statistic with 95-percent confidence. The latter is used as the level ofsignificance in this report.

An approximation of the standard error of a differ-ence d= x - y of two statistics x and y is given byformula Sd= cs: + S; I % where SX and SY are thesampling errors, respectively, of x and y summa-rized in table I and shown in more detail in tables1-5, 7-15, and 17-23.

50

Small Categories itself. Obviously in such instances the statistic hasno meaning in itself except to indicate that the true

In some tables magnitudes are shown for cells quantity is small. Such numbers, if shown, have beenfor which the sample size is so small that the sampling included in the belief that they may help to convey anerror may be several times as great as the statistic impression of the overall story of the table.

Table I. Standard errors of estimates for percentages of children within the various behavioralcategories: United States, 1963-65

Age

Both aexea 6-11 years -------- -------- -------- ----

Either sex 6-11 years ----------------------------

6 years . . . . . . . . . --------------------------- ------

7 years -------- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -------- ----------

8 years . . . . . . ..- -------- . . . . . . . . -------- --------- --

9 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ------

10 years -----------------------------------------

11 years --------- --------------------------- .....

Percentage of children

I I I I I75 I 50 I 25 I 10 I 5 I 1

0.9

1.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Standard error in percent

1.2

1.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

0.9

1.1

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

0.4

0.6

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

0.3

0.5

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.9

0.2

0.3

O*5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

—ooo—

51

THE

APPENDIX II

QUESTIONNAIRES

CONFIDENTIAL - The National Health Survey is authorized by Public Law 652 of FORM APPRoVED

the 84th Congress (70 Stat. 489; 42 U.S. C. 242c), All irr/ormation wbicb wouldBUDGET BUREAU “NO, 68-R6s0.S4.6

permit identification oi the individuaiwiZl be held strictly confidential, will be used only by persons engaged inand /or the purposes of tbe suruey and will not be disclosed or released to others for any other pu@osss (2ZIFR 1687).

DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH, EDUCATION. AND WELFARE

I-IES-25 6

PUBLIC HEALTH-SERVICENATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY

{1-s)

CHILD’S MEDICAL HISTORY - Parrwt

NAME OF CHILD (Lasr, Firsr, Middle) SEGMENT SERIAL COL. NO.

W-11)

NOTE: Please compIete this form by checking the correct boxes and/or fiIIiug iu the bIsuks where applicable.When you have completed it, keep it until the representative of the Health Examination..%rvey calls on you

withim,a few days. If there ste some questions you do not understand, please complete the others and the person who

comes for the fnrm wi 11help you with the ones that were uuclesr.

{s4)

(aa)

(401

(42.)

16. ABOUT HOW OLD. WAS THE cHILD WHEN HE(SHE) FIRST WALKED BY HIMSELF?

I n ‘Under 1 ye at old z ~ Between 1 and l% yesrs old

s ~ Over 1% yesrs old 4 m Don’t know

17. ABOUT HOW OLD WAS THE CHtLD WHEN HE(SHE) SPOKE HIS FIRST REAL WORO?I D Under i year old z 0 Between 1 and l% yesrs nlds D Over 1% years old 4 u Don’r know

18. CHILOREN LEARN TO ‘c9 THINGS LIKE EATING BY THEMSELVES AND TALKING AT DIFFERENT AGES. DOYOU THINK THIS CHILO WAS ESPECIALLY E&J IN LEARNING TO DO THINGS, ABOUT AVFR AGE, OR soME-WHAT SLOWER THAN OTHER CHILDREN?

1 C3 Faster than other children z o About the same s o Slower ● u I)on’t know

22. DOES THE CHILD AT PRESENT-EVER SUCK HIS(HER) THUMB OR FINGERS, EITHER OURING THE OAY OR AT

NIGHT? I m YCS 2uN0 a u Don’t knowIk YES, shout how often?

I 0 Almost every day or night z ,0 Just nnce in a while 3 R Don’t know

.24. AT THE PRESENT TIME 00ES THE CHILD EVER WET THE BEO?

1 n Yes 2nN0 s o Don>t know

IF YES, about how often does this happen?I o Seversl times a week z 0 Nnt eve~ week but several times a Monrbs n Abour once a month 4 U LCSS often th~ once a mnnth

SO. IS THERE ANY PRO!3LEM WITH THE WAY HE(SHE) TALKS?

1 m Yes z D’NO s u Don’t knnwIF YES, what is the problem?

I m Stammering or stuttering? z u Lisping? ~ u Hatd ro understand?

4 0 ,SOmething else,? What is that?

Here are some questions abnut your child’s sleeping habits.57. ABOUT WHAT TIME D0E5 HEISHE) USUALLY GO TO ❑ ED ON NIGHTs WHEN NEXT OAY 15,A scHOOL 0AY7

(s.4.55).P.M. o t m NO u~ual time .oz QDnn’t know

52

56. -liO YOU FEEL THAT WATCHING OR HEARING CERTAIN KINDS OF TVOR RADIO PROGRAMS OR SEEINGCERTAIN KINDS OF MoVIES MAKES ANY DIFFERENCE IN HoW WELL YOUR CHILD GETS TO SLEEP ORSLEEPS7

I u Yes 2uN0 s CI Don’t know

IF YES, what kinds of programs or movies?

59, OOES HE(SHE) HAVE ❑AO (UNPLEASANT) DREAMS OR NIGHTMARES?

I 0 yes, frequently z o Yes, but nOt often s o Never 4 0 Don’t know

SO. DOES HE(SHE) WALK IN HIS(HER) SLEEP?

I D Yes, frequently 2 0 Yes, but not often s o Never 4 0 Don’t krrow

61. HAS HE(SHE) SLEPT OVERNIGHT AT A FRIENO$S HOUSE WITHOUT YOU OR OTHER MEMBERS OF YOURFAMILY BEING THERE?

t ~ Yes 2uN0 ~ u Don’t krrowIF YES, about how often?t o Frequently z o A few times

62. AT HOME, NOW, WHICH OF THEsE DESCRIEE YOUR CHILOOS USUAL SLEEPING ARRANGEMENTS?

(01) t u Sleeps alone in separate room

Sleeps in sepstate bed in room shared with anocber person

z m With brother s o With sister z o With pnrent IJ o With other personShares bed with another person

e o Wirh brother 7 0 With sister s o With parenr 9 0 With other person

63. DOES YOUR CHILD SAY HE[SHE) IS AFRAID TO BE LEFT ALONE IN THE OARK?

1621 t Ig Yes 2cIN0 s u Don’t know

53

DEPm- “l? (l-5)EEAKq EDUCATION,ANDmLFAm

Public HealthSeficeNatioaalHeaNh Surwey

ChildfsJMical History- Interviewer

NAME OF CHILD(last,m rat,MMdle

‘ (,.ll,lm:mm r-l ‘L1’O’4.

5.

9.

liowmeny&efLnLtemaalswerethereyesterdaywherethe childsat downwithothersfor a periodof eating,and whichmealswerethey?

Which~of the statementsin eachof thesesetsbest discribes

?

a. (1) ~Eats too much (2)~UsueXlyeats enough(3) ~Doesn’t eatenonah

b. (1) ~Exts nearlyall kindsof food

(2) ~Eats most kindsof foods,dislikesafewkinds

(3) ~Souwhat fussyaboutkindsof foodhe (she)eats

(4) UVery fussyaboutfood;won’teat manythings

C. (1) ~~Onmostdeys, eatstwoormore meal.swith others

_..__=.-

in the family

(2) ~On most days,eatsonemesl with othersin the family

(3) ~On most dws, doesn’teat sny of his (her)meslswithothermembersof the fsm@

Does have certaintasksas jobshe(she)is supposedtodo re-@srly just as part of the family?

~ Yes ~ No

a. If?yes, listthera’(upto 3 tasks).

10. Des he (she)have a pet? ~ Yes U No

a. If yes, doeshe (she)take careof it?

~ USUSJ.3.Y ~ Sanetimesbutnotoflx!n

~ Notueue.llybutof%en ~ Notatsll

I wouldliketo ask a few ~estions about 1sfriendsandplaymates.

54

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

1?’.

18.

bes he (she)have

Da. Only a few fjb. . good number Dc. Verymanyotherchildrenwho are goodfriends?

Arehis (her)friendsmostly

Da. Older &%. Aboutthemmeegeashe is? ~c. Younger

How many of his (her)closefriendsdo you knowby sightandby firstand lastname?

fJ’a. An fjh. Wxrt. all fJc. GWte a number Ud. Only a few

When it comesto meetingnew childrenaqd m$ikingnew frLendsis

O.. Somewhat’shy ffb. Aboutaveragewillingness

~L3. Very o tu going - makes friends easily

How wellwouldYOU sayhe getsalongwith otherchildren?

Da. Nod.ifficulty;iswel.lliked

~b. Aawel.l.aamostchildren

Dc. Haediff%cultytithmerwchiltien

Has ever“runawayfromhome”-- that is, disappearedat atimewhenyou thoughtthis is whathe (she)mightbe doingand stayedawayso longthat you had to have peoplestartseexchingor lookingforhim (her)?

J’-JNO

a. If yes>howoften haa thishappened?

b. If yes,whatwas the reason?

Has anythingeverhappanedthat seemedto seriouslyupsetor disturbyour child?

~ Yes u No

a. If yes -- Tell.me aboutit.

b. How old was he (she)at the time?

With respectto how relaxedor how tenseor nervousyour childis,wouldyou ratehim (her)

a“ ub“ u‘* L7d“ D

Hatherhigh strung,tenseend nervous.

Moderatelytanae.

Moderatelyrelaxed.

Unusuallyc“ahuend relaxed.

19. Withrespectto your child’stemperor his (her)gettingangry,?+wuldyou

20.

21.

22.

23.

rate him (her)

a. U Hasavery atmongtemper,Iosesit easily.

b. ~ Occasionallyshowsa faixlystrongtemper.

;. ~ ~r;%~~e:e inawhile but doesnothave a particularly

d. ~ Hardlyevergets angryor showsany temper.

Asidefromregularclassesin school,does *eke anyspeciallessonsor clasaes(e.g.,music,dance,athletics)?

~ Yes u No ~ D3n’tknow

IF YEs: What are they?

Dces belongto any clubsor groupactivitiessuchasCub Scouts, Rrownies,etc.?

~ Yes fl No ~ Don’tknow

IF YES: What onesY

Abouthow much time tiesyour childspendon the usualdeY awayfromhomawhenyou do not know deffiitelywhere-he(she)

a. ~XoneataU

b. ~Somebut lessthan 2 hours

C. ~Between2andk hours

d. ~More %hanb hours

Abouthowwch timeWOUMYOU guessyour chil~doingeachof *he following:

(Enternuniberof hoursor fractionof hoursor

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

Watchingtelevision?

Listeningto radio?

Reading

Reading

Pb@’lg

Playing

Working

newspapers,comics,megasines?

books (exceptcomicbooks)?

with friends?

by himself?

(doingchores,etc.)?

is?

spendson the usualday

zeroas appropriate)

56

24. Have you everhad, overa considerablepsriodof time,a goodbit oftroublein getttngywx childto

a. Go to bed when you thoughtit was bedtime UYes ~No

b. Get to sleepafterhe (she)had goneto be~ UYes UNO

c. makea nap whenhe (she)was little UYes ~Xo

000

57

Series 1.

Series 2,

VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATION SERIES

Formerly Public Health Service Publication No. 1000

Programs and collection procedures. — Reports which describe the general programs of the NationalCenter for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used, definitions,and other material necessary for under standing the data.

&h evaluation and methods research. — Studies of new statistical methodology including: experi -mental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analyticaltechniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory.

Sevies 3. Analytical studies .-Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and health

Series 4.

Series 10.

Series 11.

Series 12.

Sm”es 13.

Sevies 14.

Series 20.

Sm”es 21.

Swies 22.

statistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series.

Documents and committee Yeports. — Final reports of major committees concerned with vital andhealth statistics, and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revisedbirth and death certificates.

Data from the Health Interview .%crvev. —Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, useof hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, based on datacollected in a continuing national household interview survey.

DatQ from the Health Examination Survey. —Data from direct examination, testing, and measure-ment of national samples of the civilian, noninstitutionaI population provide the basis for two typesof reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the UnitedStates and the distributions of the population with respect to physical, physiological, and psycho-logical characteristics; and (2) analysis of relationships among the various measurements withoutreference to an explicit finite universe of persons.

Data jrom the Institutional Population Surveys. — Statistics relating to the health characteristics ofpersons in institutions, and their medical, nursing, and personal care received, based on nationalsamples of establishments providing these services and samples of the residents or patients.

Data from the Hospitil Discharge Survey. —Statistics relating to discharged patients in short-stayhospitals, based on a sample of patient records in a national sample of hospitals.

Data on health resources: manpoww and facilities. —Statistics on the numbers, geographic distri-bution, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other healthoccupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.

Data on mortality. —Various statistics on mortality other than as included in regular annual ormontnly reports —special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables, alsogeographic and time series analyses.

Data on rtatality, marriage, and divorce. —Various statistics on natality, marriage, and divorceother than as included in regular annual or monthly reports+pecial analyses by demographicvariables, also geographic and time series analyses, studies of fertility.

~tn from the National Natality and Mortality Surveys. — Statistics on characteristics of birthsand deaths not available from the vital records, based on sample surveys stemming from theserecords, including such topics as mortality by socioeconomic class, hospital experience in thelast year of life, medical care during pregnancy, health insurance coverage, etc.

For a list of titles of reports published in these series, write to: Office of InformationNat ional Center for Health StatisticsPublic Health Service,Rockville, Md. 20852

HSMHA

~

1

U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

I Public Health service

HEALTH SERVICES AND MENTAL I+EALTH ADMINISTRATION

F?cckvllle, Marylmd 20852

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

~W fof %wate use, $300