Parenting a Toddler3 Common behavior of a toddler1. Bedwetting- or nocturnal enuresis, refers to the unintentional passage of urine during sleep. Enuresis is the medical term for wetting, whether in the clothing during the day or in bed at night. Another name for enuresis is urinary incontinence.Here are some tips to prevent bedwetting: Reduce evening fluid intake. ... Have your child go to the bathroom before getting into bed. Set a goal for your child of getting up at night to use the toilet. ... Make sure the child has easy access to the toilet. ... Reward your child for remaining dry. ... Consider using diapers or pull-ups at night.2. Thumb sucking- is a common way babies seem to comfort themselves. A baby can become a thumb or finger sucker as a way to fall asleep, to calm down, or to just feel good.3. Temper Tantrum- is a sudden, unplanned display of anger or other emotions. It is not just an act to get attention. During a temper tantrum, children often cry, yell, and swing their arms and legs. Temper tantrums usually last 30 seconds to 2 minutes and are most intense at the start.Some strategies to handle a temper tantrum. Remain calm and do not argue with the child. Before you manage the child, you must manage your own behavior. Spanking or yelling at the child will make the tantrum worse. Think before you act. Count to 10 and then think about the source of the childs frustration, this childs characteristic temperamental response to stress (hyperactivity, distractibility, moodiness), and the predictable steps in the escalation of the temper tantrum. Try to intervene before the child is out of control. Get down at the childs eye level and say, You are starting to get revved up, slow down. Now you have several choices of intervention. You can positively distract the child by getting the child focused on something else that is an acceptable activity. For example, you might remove the unsafe item and replace with an age-appropriate toy. You can place the child in time away. Time away is a quiet place where the child goes to calm down, think about what he or she needs to do, and, with your help, make a plan to change the behavior. You can ignore the tantrum if it is being thrown to get your attention. Once the child calms down, give the attention that is desired. Hold the child who is out of control and is going to hurt himself or herself or someone else. Let the child know that you will let him or her go as soon as he or she calms down. Reassure the child that everything will be all right, and help the child calm down. Parents may need to hug their child who is crying, and say they will always love him or her no matter what, but that the behavior has to change. This reassurance can be comforting for a child who may be afraid because he or she lost control.

Accident prevention for toddler FALLCause: Unstable gait of the toddler, presence of objects on floor, lack of supervision, curiosity of the children.

Prevention: Keep floors free of toys and obstructions. Exercise close supervision when toddler learns to walk. Never leave babies unattended on raised surfaces. Check constantly floor surface for wear and tear. Keep floor dry. Always ensure bed-rail of the baby cot is raised when the baby is in the cot. Always use a securely fitted safety harness in a pram, pushchair or highchair. Windows and doors must be locked to avoid misadventure by children. Avoid placing step-stones such as a chair next to a window. Take extra care to avoid side-turning of a baby chair.CHOKINGCause: Accidental swallowing of foreign body, strangulation, covering of head by blankets, accidental suffocation by pillow while baby sleeps in a prone position, near-drowning etc.

Prevention: Choose toys appropriate to the age of children. Avoid toys with detachable small parts. Ensure small objects are kept out of reach of children. Pull cords on curtains and blinds should be kept short and out of reach of children. Strings and plastic bags should be kept out of reach of children. Foldable furniture should be properly placed and locked. Instruct children not to play with them. Instruct children not to play while eating. Never let children use milk bottle by themselves without adults supervision. Never use pillow for baby under one year of age. Do not use large and heavy blanket. Never let the blanket cover the face of children during sleep. Avoid sleeping with baby on the same bed. Never leave children alone in a bath tub or basin filled with water. Bucket filled with water must be covered and keep children away from it.

BURN/SCALDCause: Scald by hot water, burn by fire, touch on hot objects such as cooking utensils, etc.Prevention: For adults, never hold a hot drink/food and a child at the same time. Ensure milk, congee or other foodstuff is at a reasonable temperature before feeding. Ensure proper fence or door is installed at the entrance of kitchen. Such must be closed at all times. Instruct children not to go into kitchen. While cooking, pay extra attention to the stove fire and the cooking utensil. Turn the pan handle away from the front, and close to the wall. When running a bath for a child, always test water temperature beforehand. All hot objects including an iron or containers with hot matter must not be placed near the margin of a table. Avoid using tablecloth. Matches and lighters should be placed out of reach of children. Instruct children not to wander around when adults are preparing for a meal. Install proper cover to sockets. Warn children never play with fire.

POISONINGCause:Food poisoning, accidental swallowing of drugs, detergents, insecticides, etc.Prevention: Keep medicines and chemicals out of sight and reach of children, preferably in an isolated, locked cabinet. Always store chemicals in their original containers with appropriate labels. Never tell children drugs are sweets as this may give a wrong idea to children. Ensure toys and dining utensils bought meet the international standard, e.g. coloring materials being non-toxic.Role of the Nurse The role of the nurse is constantly changing. These changes are as a result of expanding medical and nursing practice, emerging challenges in different aspects of child care.1. Primary caregiver2. Coordinator and collaborator3. Advocate4. Health educator5. Consultant6. Counselor7. Case manager8. Recreationist 9. Social worker 10. Researcher