Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William...
-
Upload
valeria-seelye -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William...
![Page 1: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Parasol and GreenSwitch:Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable
Energy
Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le,Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini
Department of Computer Science
![Page 2: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Motivation• Datacenters consume large amounts of energy• High energy cost and carbon footprint– Brown electricity: coal and natural gas
• Connect datacenters to green sources: solar, wind
Apple DC in Maiden, NC 40MW solar farm
Green datacenter
![Page 3: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Challenges and opportunities
• Scheduling workload/energy sources– Lower costs: brown energy, peak brown power, capital
• Study opportunities in green datacenters– Build hardware/software
Power
Time
Load
VariableSolar power
Workload
Source?
Storage?
![Page 4: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Outline
• Motivation• Parasol– Solar-powered micro-datacenter
• GreenSwitch– Manage workload and energy sources
• GreenSwitch results• Conclusion
![Page 5: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Parasol16 solar panels: 3.2kW2 inverters: DC→AC
Installed on the roof• Steel structure• Small container
IT equipment• 2 racks• 64 Atom servers• 2 switches• 3 PDUs
16 lead-acid batteries: 32kWh2 charge controllers: Off-grid, DC↔AC
http://parasol.cs.rutgers.edu
![Page 6: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Electrical infrastructure
Charge Controller
Inverter
Electrical Panel
DC
AC
AC
DC
AC
Power grid
AC
IT Equipment
![Page 7: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Example energy source management
Charge Controller
Inverter
Electrical Panel
DC
AC
AC
DC
AC
Power grid
AC
Time
Pow
erIT Equipment
![Page 8: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Example energy source management
Charge Controller
Inverter
Electrical Panel
DC
AC
AC
DC
AC
Power grid
AC
Time
Pow
erIT Equipment
![Page 9: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Example energy source management
Charge Controller
Inverter
Electrical Panel
DC
AC
AC
DC
AC
Power grid
AC
Time
Pow
erIT Equipment
![Page 10: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Possible energy source management
Pow
er
Time
Basic
Maximizing benefits is complex
Each time slot:• Weather conditions• Brown energy price• Peak brown power price• Battery charge level• Active servers• Workload slack
![Page 11: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
GreenSwitch• Minimize brown electricity cost
– Brown energy– Peak brown power– Battery lifetime constraint
• Manage energy sources– Use solar/net metering– Charge/discharge battery– Limit brown peak power
• Manage workload– Turn servers on/off– Delay deferrable jobs
Parasol
GreenSwitch
Perform changesGet status
![Page 12: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
GreenSwitch
GreenSwitch architecture
Predictor
Battery Charge Level
Workload Prediction
Energy Availability Prediction
Solver
Energy Source Schedule
Workload Schedule
Configurer
Parasol
TimePo
werBrownPrice
Solar
Time
Pow
er
Workload
Use solar to power all serversCharge battery with surplus solar
Workload
Model & MILP
![Page 13: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Experimental environment
• Evaluation on 64 Parasol nodes– 12 one-day experiments– Deferrable vs. non-deferrable workloads– Baseline datacenter (no solar, no batteries, no delays)
• New Jersey brown electricity pricing– On/off-peak energy, peak power, net metering
• GreenSwitch for Hadoop (configurer)
![Page 14: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Experimental environment
SWIM: Facebook based workload [MASCOTS’11]
IT load
![Page 15: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Parasol without GreenSwitch
Green use
Green available
Net metering
Brown use
IT load
66% cost savings → Solar amortized in 7 years
![Page 16: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
GreenSwitch: non-deferrable workload
Battery dischargeBattery chargeIT load
75% cost savings → Batteries cannot be amortized
Peak grid power
Green use Brown use
Green available
![Page 17: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
GreenSwitch: deferrable workload
Battery discharge
Battery charge
IT load
Net metering
96% cost savings → Solar + batteries amortized in 7.6 years
Green available
Green use
![Page 18: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Parasol: a real system
• Real software running on real hardware• Power losses• Overhead of energy source switching• System limitations– Net metering vs. Battery charging– Use brown vs. Net metering– Green battery charging vs. Use brown
![Page 19: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Conclusions
• Green datacenters– Challenges & opportunities– Hardware/software solution
• GreenSwitch benefits– Delaying load and solar gives the best results– Reduces amortization time by 1.8-2x– Flexibility: no batteries, workloads, wind…
http://parasol.cs.rutgers.edu
![Page 20: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Parasol and GreenSwitch:Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable
Energy
Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le,Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini
http://parasol.cs.rutgers.edu
![Page 21: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
• Fewer conversions– Grid-tie: AC→DC
• Low conversion losses
• Commodity hardware– Availability– Cheaper
• Cheaper transmission
![Page 22: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Parasol: lessons learned
• Not cheap– Flexibility adds complexity and cost– Placement on the roof– Full monitoring
• Not easy– Complete design– Dealing with facilities, companies, and vendors– Mistakes are easy– Delays, delays, and more delays
![Page 23: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Viability of green datacenters
• Example companies investing in self-generation– Apple, Microsoft, McGraw-Hill
• Research shows cost savings• Getting more attractive– Space: Solar panels are getting more efficient– Cost: 7x cheaper than 30 years ago– Governmental Incentives
• Grid-centric: power purchase agreement– Losses, dependence, long term scalability
![Page 24: Parasol and GreenSwitch: Managing Datacenters Powered by Renewable Energy Íñigo Goiri, William Katsak, Kien Le, Thu D. Nguyen, and Ricardo Bianchini Department.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a46bb550346cb358b5867/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
Other results
• Energy storage– Batteries– Net metering pricing
• Peak grid power charges• Solar availability– Cloudy, sunny, rainy…
• Other workloads– Nutch
• Grid outage