PARANASAL SINUSESdental.subharti.org/oral_path/e-lecturers/lecture... · Dr. Swati Gupta Associate...
Transcript of PARANASAL SINUSESdental.subharti.org/oral_path/e-lecturers/lecture... · Dr. Swati Gupta Associate...
PARANASAL SINUSES
Dr. Swati Gupta Associate professor Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology
PARANASAL SINUSES
THE OSTEOMEATAL COMPLEX • Region where the frontal ,anterior and middle ethmoid and maxillary sinuses
drain .
• Includes the fronto ethmoidal recess , uncinate process , hiatus semilunaris ,
ethmoid bulla , the maxillary infundibulum and ostium and the ethmoid
infundibulum .
• Disease at the OMC is the major cause of recurrent acute/chronic sinusitis .
DISORDERS OF MAXILLARY SINUS
• TRAUMATIC-Fracture, OAF, Foreign body, haematoma, contusion
• INFECTIOUS/INFLAMMATORY – Non-specific-Mucositis, sinusitis, Antral polyps, Empyema, Periostitis – Specific- fungal(actinomycosis,mucormycosis), bacterial(Tuberculosis, Wegner’s
granulomatosis)
• CYSTS – Intrinsic-retention pseudocyst, Mucocoele – Extrinsic-odontogenic (radicular, Dentigerous and keratocyst) and non odontogenic
(Globulomaxillary, Traumatic, aneurysmal)
• NEOPLASMS • Benign
– Intrinsic-Epithelial papilloma, Osteoma – Extrinsic-Ameloblastoma, adenoameloblastoma, odontome, CEOT
• Malignant – Intrinsic-SCC, Adenocarcinoma, Ca of salivary gland origin, Sarcoma, melanoma, Lymphoma
– Extrinsic- SCC, metastatic, Ca of salivary gland origin, Sarcoma, melanoma, Lymphoma
• METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINAL- Hyperparathyroidism, fibrous Dysplasia, Paget’s Disease
• CALCIFICATIONS-ANTROLITH • SYNDROMES- Crouzon’s, Treacher Collins, Binder’s
SINUSITIS
• ACUTE
• SUBACUTE
• CHRONIC
DIAGNOSIS:
Xray: WATER’S
VIEW.
CT is
preferred..
ANTERIOR NASAL
ENDOSCOPY
TRANSILLUMINATION OF MAXILLARY SINUS
TRANSILLUMINATION TEST:
TRANSILLUMINOSCOPE
MANAGEMENT OF SINUSITIS
• Antimicrobial drugs
(ampicillin/amoxicillin/erythromycin)
• Nasal decongestant drops ( 0.1% oxy or xylometazoline).
• Steam inhalation.
• Analgesics.
• Hot fomentation.
• SURGICAL- Antral lavage
PANSINUSITIS
It is the sinus infection lasting for months or years.
Important cause is failure of acute
infection to resolve.
PATHOPYSIOLOGY:
Pollution,chemicals,infec
tions.
LOSS OF CILIA
IMPAIRED
DRAINAGE
Polypi,
DNS,
adenoid
s,
tumors,
allergy
INFECTION
Inadequate therapy of acute sinusitis
MUCOSAL
CHANGES ALLE
RGY
DIAGNOSIS:
Xray (mucosal
thickening)
Xray with contrast.
CT
Aspiration( pus is
confirmatory).
TREATMENT
Cause for obstruction of sinus drainage and
ventilation to be found out.
Work up on nasal allergy may be required..
Culture and sensitivity ( selection of antibiotic).
Conservative management(antibiotics,
decongestants, antihistaminics)
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
• Antral puncture and irrigation.
• Intranasal antrostomy.
• Caldwell-luc operation.
Nasal antrostomy
MUCOSITIS
Periostitis
Mucous Retention Pseudocyst
POLYPS
A left sided ethmoidal mucocele (A)
encroaching on the left orbit.
Left globe in proptosed.
T2W MR axial and coronal sections (B)
of the same patient showing
hyperintense fluid contents of the
mucocele
MUCOCELE
OSTEOMA
ANTROLITH
ROOT PIECE IN
SINUS
SCC OF MAXILLARY SINUS
ANATOMICAL VARIANTS
THANK YOU