MOHIT VERMAEL/11/314

PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION

TRAINING REPORT ON

INTRODUCTIONThe plant has been constructed in five stages

as given below:

Stage 1: Unit-1 110 MW

Unit-2 110 MW

Stage 2:Unit-3 110MW

Unit-4 110MW

Stage 3:Unit-5 210MW

Unit-6 210MW

Stage 4:Unit-7 250MW

Unit-8 250MW

Total Generation Capacity 1360MW

Basic Idea of ElectricityGeneration

Coal is unloaded by electric traction system at Coal Yard

Coal is crushed to finer pieces of order 20 mm

Pulverization of Coal

Coal is send to furnace with the help of FD fan

Steam is generated at 540°C and 135 kg/sq.m

Steam is send to Super heater

Superheated steam is send to turbine

Production of Electricity by the generator coupled with

Elements Of Thermal PowerStationDM PlantDeaeratorBoiler feed pumpEconomizerAir Pre-HeaterBoilerSuper heaterTurbineCondenser

COAL FEEDING SYSTEM

Coal is conveyed through rail wagon from out side of plant and through conveyor system collected in hopper and ground to a very fine powder by large metal spheres in the pulverised fuel mill.

Conveyor Coal Hopper

Pulverised Mill

Wagon Tippler

COAL FEEDING SYSTEM

Then it is mixed with preheated air driven by the forced draught fan. The hot air-fuel mixture is forced at high pressure into the boiler.

Air Pre-heater Forced Draft Fan

BOILER

A boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water.

The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when considered as a prime mover; The boiler is a furnace on a side. Its walls are made of a web of high pressure steel tubes.Pulverized coal is air-blown into the furnace from fuel nozzles at the four corners and it rapidly burns, forming a large fireball at the center. The thermal radiation of the fireball heats the water that circulates through the boiler tubes near the boiler perimeter. The water circulation rate in the boiler is three to four times the throughput and is typically driven by pumps. As the water in the boiler circulates it absorbs heat and changes into steam at 700 °F (371 °C) and 3,200 psi . It is separated from the water inside a drum at the top of the furnace.

April 13, 2023PMI Revision 00 9

BOILER FEED PUMP

NDE BEARING DE BEARING

SOLE PLATE

(BASE PLATE)

FOUNDATION BOLT

KEYSLEEVE

18

ASH HANDLING SYSTEM

At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash. This hopper is always filled with water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down from the furnace. Some arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for conveying the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site.

SUPER HEATER

In a power plant, after the steam is conditioned by the drying equipment inside the steam drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into tubes inside an area of the furnace known as the super heater, which has an elaborate set up of tubing where the steam vapor picks up more energy from hot flue gases outside the tubing and its temperature is now superheated above the saturation temperature. The superheated steam is then piped through the main steam lines to the valves before the high pressure turbine.

Superheated steam is steam at a temperature higher than water's boiling point. If saturated stream is heated at constant pressure, it increases toward 100% Dry Saturated Steam. Continued heat input will then generate superheated steam. This will occur if saturated steam contacts a surface with a higher temperature. The steam is then described as superheated by the number of degrees it has been heated above saturation temperature

STEAM TURBINE

The hot reheat steam is conducted to the intermediate pressure turbine where it falls in both temperature and pressure and exits directly to the long-bladed low pressure turbines and finally exits to the condense

A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamics efficiency through the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam.

ROTORS

CONDENSER

Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it.

The exiting steam from steam turbine, now a little above its boiling point, is brought into thermal contact with cold water (pumped in from the cooling tower) in the condenser. where it condenses rapidly back into water, creating near vacuum-like conditions inside the condenser chest.

Water Cooled Condenser

Air Cooled Condenser

COOLING TOWER

Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat to the atmosphere. Cooling towers either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid or in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers rely solely on air to cool the working fluid.

Natural Draft Cooling Tower

DE AREATOR

De Areator

The condensed water is then passed by a feed pump through a deaerater.

A deaerator is a device that is widely used for the removal of air and other dissolved gases from the feed water to steam-generating boiler.

ECONOMISER

Economiser

Pre-warmed water first enter in a feed heater powered by steam drawn from the high pressure set, and then in the economiser

Economizer are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy consumption, or to perform another useful function like preheating a fluid.

Economizer is a flue gas to water heat exchanger. Usually it is located below the LPSH in the boiler and above Air pre heater. Outside surface of the economizer tubes are heated by flue gases leaving the superheater and reheater which subsequently transfer heat to feed water flowing inside the tubes.

Advantages of Economizer include1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler plant.2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and enter boiler tube at elevated temperature. The heat transfer area required for evaporation reduced considerably.

CHIMNEY

Exhaust gas from electrostatic precipitator vented through the chimney tack.

A chimney is a structure for venting hot gases or smoke from a boiler, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere.

A chimney is a vertical structure for venting hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler to the outside atmosphere by means of the stack effect. The space inside a chimney is called aflue. The height of chimneys plays a role in their ability to transfer flue gases using stack effect. The dispersion of pollutants at higher altitude helps to ease down its influence on surroundings and reduces their concentrations in compliance with regulatory limits.

SWITCHYARD

A switch yard is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, system. Switchyard transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.

CONTROL ROOM

A control room is a room serving as a centre where a large physical facility or physically dispersed service can be monitored and controlled.

Instrumentation In Thermal Power

Plant When the balance is disturbed, all the process variables deviate from their normal values thus creating the necessity for the following:- i)Instruments : To measure and indicate the amount of deviation. ii)Automatic Control: To correct the deviation and bring

back system to normal iii) Annunciation : To warn about the excessive

deviations, if any. iv) Protection : To isolate the equipments process from dangerous operating conditions cause due to such excessive deviations.

Temperature The degree of hotness and coldness

measured on the definite scale.Methods of Temperature MeasurementResistance Temperature Detector(R.T.D)Thermocouple

Resistance TemperatureDetector

Resistance of certain metals changes as the

temp. changes as per formula given below :-

Rt=Ro(1+wt)Where Rt=Resistance at temp. to be

measured. Ro=Resistance at 0 degree C.

w=Temp. coefficient of res. Thermometer metal

t=Temp. to be measured.Mainly three metals copper, nickel and

platinum are used as RTD.

ThermocoupleIt consists of a pair of wire of different materials.

Wires are joined at both ends one junction is kept at a high temp.called hot junction and the other is kept at a fixed at lower temp. called cold junction. Due to which emf is setup in the ckt known as Thermo emf.

Pressure Units for pressure measurement are Newton/m2 , Kg/cm2, mm of water column & mm of mercury column.Devices for Pressure MeasurementBourden Tube Pressure GaugeManometerVacuum Gauges

Control Valve

Furnace Starting Assembly

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