Paleobiogeography Biogeography (ENVR333) Fall 2007 5 October 2006.
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Transcript of Paleobiogeography Biogeography (ENVR333) Fall 2007 5 October 2006.
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Paleobiogeography
Biogeography (ENVR333)Fall 2007
5 October 2006
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PaleoBiogeography
• Time Scale• Theory of Continental Drift and
Plate Tectonics• The Breakup of Pangea• Biogeographic Implications of a
Dynamic Geography
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Geologic Time Scale
(Fig 7.1 MacDonald 2003)
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Theory of Continental Drift
• Alfred Wegener (1880-1930)
• 1915 The Origin of Continents and Oceans
• Pangea = supercontinent
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Evidence for Continental Drift
Matching shapes
Similar rock types and structures
Continuity of plant and animal fossils
Glacial deposits
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Plate Tectonics
Fig 7.5 MacDonald 2003)
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Plate Tectonics
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Pangea
200 million km2 or 40% of earth’s surface
connectivity
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Break up of Pangea
Laurasia
Gondwanaland
Tethyan Seaway
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Break up of Pangea
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Cenozoic ChangesIndia rafts into Asia (45 mya)
Africa and Europe rejoin (17 mya)
Stepping Stone Islands created (15 mya)
Central American Landbridge (6mya)
Epicontinental seas disappear
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http://www.clearlight.com/%7Emhieb/WVFossils/continents.html
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Biogeographic ImplicationsSpeciation
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Biogeographic Implications
Corridors and Barriers
Great American Interchange
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Biogeographic Implications
Corridors and Barriers
12,000 ybp
today
Beringia
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Biogeographic ImplicationsMarine-Climate effects