Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a...
Transcript of Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a...
![Page 1: Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a wide range of regulators covering the most typical applications in the air, steam,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a9dc6477f8b9ae0108b644b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Page 01
PT CONTROMATIC PRIMA MANDIRI
REGULATORS
Regulator
Operation
Their operation is similar to control valve but they are different devices and obey to different rules and this has to be kept in consideration:
Pressure regulators control pressure; they do NOT regulate flow.
Flow rate and controlled pressure are linked together; thus, change flow – change in pressure
Controlled pressure varies with flow. The amount of variation in controlled pressure with a given change in flow is called: Proportional
Band: Droop/Offset [Reducers] Build/Accumulation [Back Pressure/Relief]
Regulators are best used in systems where flow changes are small.
Regulators are NOT shut off devices.
DO NOT hydrostatically test a regulator
Reducing regulators, in most cases, have two separate pressure/temperature ratings for the inlet and outlet.
Regulators DO NOT fail in the most frequently desired modes.
Regulators are devices whose main function is to match the flow of the medium (gas, steam or liquid) through the regulator to the demand of the
medium by the system. At the same time the regulator must maintain the system pressure at a requested pressure, or within an acceptable range
of this pressure. Regulators, in general, are very simple devices, they are simpler devices than control valves, and experience in general teaches
us that the simpler a system is, the more reliable it is, as long as it provides a control within the requested limits. Regulators are self-contained,
self-operated control devices which use energy from the controlled system to operate. They do not require any external resource like: power
sources, transmitting instruments, external air or hydraulic supply. Carraro, since 1924, produces a wide range of regulators covering the most
typical applications in the air, steam, process gasses and liquids applications. It also supplies tailor made products for specific applications like
gas and steam turbine auxiliary systems (lubricating systems and air or hydraulic sealing systems) and tank blanketing & vapour recovery system
for storage tanks.
Why use regulators ?
Control Valve application (example) Regulator application (example)
Feedback Signal
Supply
Controller
SupplyPC
50PSIGTANK
50PSIGTANK
Pressure Regulator
On the last section of this catalogue you will find an introduction to the theory of regulators, describing the principles of operation and some
terminology like “offset” or “droop” very important in the correct sizing and selection of regulators
There are many reasons for using regulators instead of other more sophisticated devices. As long as the regulator the requested service
the more relevant reasons for choosing regulators are list below :
In general engineers, agree that simpler a device is, the more reliable it is. Every component has a probability of failure and the failure
probability of a system is the sum of all failure probabilities of its components. The fewer and simpler the components, the lower the
failure probability.
As regulators are simpler than control valves, they also less expensive, and require simple maintenance and therefore low servicing
costs.
Regulators are self-contained and self-operated control devices. they don't need any type of external power supply, transmitting
instruments on control instruments, which make them very suitable to be installed in very critical environments where no power source
can be matched.
![Page 2: Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a wide range of regulators covering the most typical applications in the air, steam,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a9dc6477f8b9ae0108b644b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Page 02
PT CONTROMATIC PRIMA MANDIRI
Regulators operations
A pressure reducing regulator maintains a desired downstream pressure while providing the required flow to satisfy the load or user demand. This
pressure maintained by the regulator is the outlet pressure setting (setpoint) of the regulator. In general, as the outlet pressure changes with the
variation of the flow demand, the downstream pressure setting is referred to as the downstream pressure when the regulator is supplying the
standard flow requested in the most common operating conditions. Direct-operated regulators are the simplest devices available for downstream
pressure control. They are available with internal or external pressure sensing and can have a flow to open or flow to close design. Direct-
operated pressure reducing regulators can be designed only with a spring to open layout so the only possible failure modes are:
Spring failure : Regulator Close
Diaphragm : Regulator Open
A pressure relief valve prevents overpressure in a pressure system. The relief valve opens relieving the excess fluid so to prevent a rise of
pressure over a desired limit. The pressure at which the relief valve begins to open is the relief pressure setting. Relief valves and backpressure
regulators are the same devices. The type of application determines the name. Relief valves work closed opening only in case of excess
pressure, while backpressure regulators work open modulating the flow. Relief valves are NOT safety valves. Direct-operated relief valves and
back pressure regulators can be designed only with a spring to close layout so the only possible failure mode are:
Spring failure : Regulator Open
Diaphragm : Regulator Close
A backpressure regulator maintains a desired upstream pressure by varying the flow in response to changes in upstream pressure. The
upstream pressure maintained by the regulator is the pressure setting (setpoint) of the regulator. In general, changes in the flow cause variation in
the inlet pressure, the upstream pressure setting is referred to as the upstream pressure the regulator has to maintain during standard operating
flow conditions. Direct-operated back pressure regulators are available with internal or external pressure sensing and are limited to flow to close
design. Flow to open design can be supplied only for special requests.
A differential pressure reducing regulator maintains a desired downstream pressure with respect to a reference pressure other than the
atmospheric while providing the required flow to satisfy the load or user demand. A differential pressure backpressure regulator maintains a
desired upstream pressure with respect to a reference pressure other than atmospheric by varying the flow in response to changes in upstream
pressure. According to the two descriptions given above the two type of regulators operate as the regulators described previously, but instead of
having as reference the atmospheric pressure they can reference their set pressure to the pressure in a vessel or in a pipe. This pressure
maintained by the regulator is the setting (setpoint) of the regulator, and it is relative to the reference pressure, it is NOT a gauge pressure as
Vacuum breakers are valves that limit the increase in vacuum. An increase in vacuum (decrease in absolute pressure) beyond the setpoint
causes the valve to open permitting the higher pressure to enter the system and restoring the controlled vacuum within its desired limits .
REGULATORS
Pressure reducing regulators
Pressure relief valves
Back Pressure Regulators
Differential Pressure Regulators
Vacuum-breaking valves
![Page 3: Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a wide range of regulators covering the most typical applications in the air, steam,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a9dc6477f8b9ae0108b644b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Page 03
PT CONTROMATIC PRIMA MANDIRI
REGULATORS
UBAN - Direct operated pressure reducing valve
FUNCTION : Relief / Backpressure
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 2”
CONNECTIONS : Threaded (F-NPT
or GAS/BS) Flanged (ANSI or PN)
SEAT : Single
MAX RATING : ANSI 600
CV : From 0,031 up to 35
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel, “ Exotic Materials”
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel
(std), “ Exotic Materials”
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene,
EPDM, FKM, Stainless steel, other
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 52 barg
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,0012 - 52 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-196°C / 300°C
UBS - Direct operated pressure relief / backpressure valve
FUNCTION : Reducing
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 2”
CONNECTIONS : Threaded (F-NPT or
GAS/BS) Flanged (ANSI or PN)
SEAT : Single
MAX RATING : ANSI 1500
CV : From 0,031 up to 12,8
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel, “ Exotic Materials”
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel (std),
“ Exotic Materials”
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene,
EPDM, FKM, Stainless steel, other
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 280 barg
(threaded version up to 1”)
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,0012 - 52 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-196°C / 300°C
UBR - High Capacity direct operated pressure reducing valve
FUNCTION : Reducing
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 2”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI or
PN)
SEAT : Single
MAX RATING : ANSI 600
CV : From 1 up to 52,6
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel, “ Exotic Materials”
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel (std),
“ Exotic Materials”
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene,
EPDM, FKM, Stainless steel, other
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 103.4 barg
(rating Class 600)
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,0012 - 52 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-196°C / 300°C
FUNCTION : Reducing / Relief /
Backpressure
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 1 1/2”
CONNECTIONS : Threaded (F-NPT
or GAS/BS)
SEAT : Single
MAX RATING : ANSI 150
CV : From 0,04 up to 4,95
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel
(std)
DIAPHRAGMS : NBR
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 10 barg
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
3,4 - 610 mbarg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-25°C / 90°C
UBB - Direct operated pressure reducing / relief valve
UBAS HP - Direct operated pressure relief valve
FUNCTION : Relief
DIAMETERS : From 1/4” up to 1/2”
CONNECTIONS : Threaded (F-NPT
or GAS/BS)
SEAT : Single
MAX RATING : ANSI 600
CV : From 0,8 up to 2,2
BODY MATERIAL : Stainless steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel
(std)
DIAPHRAGMS : PTFE, Stainless
steel
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 70 barg
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,35 - 5,8 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-196°C / 250°C
FUNCTION : Reducing / Relief
DIAMETERS : From 3/4” up to 16”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI or
NPPN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 600
CV : From 4,7 up to 560
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel, “ Exotic Materials”
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel (std),
“ Exotic Materials”
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene,
EPDM, FKM, Stainless steel, other
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 103,4 barg
(rating Class 600)
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,015 - 20 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-35°C / 540°C
M51 - Direct operated, weight and lever pressure regulators
![Page 4: Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a wide range of regulators covering the most typical applications in the air, steam,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a9dc6477f8b9ae0108b644b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Page 04
PT CONTROMATIC PRIMA MANDIRI
REGULATORS
MM - Direct operated, Spring pressure regulators
FUNCTION : Reducing/ Relief /
Backpressure
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 16”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI or PN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 600
CV : From 4,7 up to 562
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel, “ Exotic Materials”
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel (std), “
Exotic Materials”
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene,
EPDM, EPDM, FKM, other
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 103,4 barg
(rating Class 600)
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,0012 - 30,7 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-50°C / 200°C
BPM - Direct operated, spring pressure regulators
FUNCTION : Reducing / Relief /
Backpressure
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 16”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI or PN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 1500
CV : From 4,7 up to 561
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel, “ Exotic Materials”
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel (std), “
Exotic Materials”
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene,
EPDM, FKM, other
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 155 barg
(rating Class 1500)
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,08 - 30.7 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-50°C / 540°C
MAXOMATIC - Multifuction pilot-operated regulators for liquids
FUNCTION : Reducing / relief / flow
limitation / level regulation
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 10”
CONNECTIONS : Threaded (F-NPT
or GAS/BS) Flanged (ANSI or PN)
SEAT : Single
MAX RATING : ANSI 300
CV : From 75 up to 1460
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
“Exotic Materials”
DIAPHRAGMS : NR, NBR, FKM
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 20 bar
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,5 - 16 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-10°C / 150°C
PILOT CIRCUIT : Copper, Stainless
Steel, “exotic” materials
FUNCTION : 2 ways : temp. control /
3 ways : deviating - mixing
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 2”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI /
PN / DIN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 300
CV : From 0,84 up to 38
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel
(std)
REGULATED TEMPERATURE
RANGE : -25°C to 225°C
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-196°C / 300°C
MAX ΔP : 17,5 barg
AT - Direct operated temperature regulators
AM - Direct operated, spring pressure regulators
FUNCTION : Reducing / Relief
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 2”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI /
NP / DIN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 300
CV : From 0,84 up to 30
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon steel,
Stainless steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel
(std)
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 25 barg
REGULATED PRESSURE RANGE :
0,5 - 7 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-20°C / 235°C
![Page 5: Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a wide range of regulators covering the most typical applications in the air, steam,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a9dc6477f8b9ae0108b644b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Page 05
PT CONTROMATIC PRIMA MANDIRI
CONTROL VALVE
ACP - Pneumatically operated control valves
FUNCTION : Control / On off
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 2”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI or
PN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 300
CV : From 0,84 up to 38
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel
(std)
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 20 barg
MAX TEMPERATURE : 235°c
ELECTRIC ACTUATOR : 24 / 110 /
230V - 50 HZ
VRE - Electrically operated control valves
FUNCTION : Reducing /
Backpressure / On off
DIAMETERS : From 1/2” up to 2”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI /
PN / DIN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 300
CV : From 0,84 up to 30
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Stainless steel
(std)
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 25 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-196°C / 540°C
MCP - Pneumatically operated control valves
FUNCTION : Reducing /
Backpressure / On off
DIAMETERS : From 3/4” up to 16”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI or
PN)
SEAT : Single / Double
MAX RATING : ANSI 900
CV : Da 4,7 a 561
BODY MATERIAL : Carbon Steel,
Stainless steel
DIAPHRAGMS : Polychloroprene
MAX INLET PRESSURE : 155 barg
MIN / MAX TEMPERATURE :
-196°C / 540°C
![Page 6: Page Regulator Operation - · PDF fileRegulator Operation ... Carraro, since 1924, produces a wide range of regulators covering the most typical applications in the air, steam,](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062907/5a9dc6477f8b9ae0108b644b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Page 06
PT CONTROMATIC PRIMA MANDIRI
DESUPERHEATERS
DSH VARIFLOW - Variable area desuperheaters
FUNCTION : Temperature control of
the superheated steam
DIAMETERS : Water : 1” - 1 1/2” - 2”
- 3” / Steam : 3” - 4”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI)
MAX RATING : ANSI 2500
CV : From 0,1 up to 21,15
BODY MATERIAL : Cr-Mo alloy steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Hardened
Stainless steel
MAX TEMPERATURE : 570°C
(steam side)
NR. OF NOZZLES : 6 - 9
RANGEABILITY : Up to 50:1
MAX WATER FLOW : 50m3/h
ΔP : 60 barg (open position) - (80
barg (special drawing)
DSH VARIFIX- Fixed Nozzle desuperheaters
FUNCTION : Temperature control of
the superheated steam
DIAMETERS : Water : 1” - 1 1/2” - 2”
- 3” / Steam : 3” - 4”
CONNECTIONS : Flanged (ANSI)
MAX RATING : ANSI 2500
CV : From 0,1 up to 21,15
BODY MATERIAL : Cr-Mo alloy steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Hardened
Stainless steel
MAX TEMPERATURE : 570°C
(steam side)
NR. OF NOZZLES : 1 - 9
RANGEABILITY : Up to 6:1
MAX WATER FLOW : 100m3/h
ΔP : 40 barg
DSH VARISPRING- Spring desuperheaters
FUNCTION : Temperature control of
the superheated steam
DIAMETERS : Depending on
installation
CONNECTIONS : Depending on
installation
MAX RATING : ANSI 2500
CV : From 1 up to 15
BODY MATERIAL : Cr-Mo alloy steel
TRIM MATERIAL : Hardened Stainless
steel
MAX TEMPERATURE : 570°C (steam
side)
NR. OF NOZZLES : 1 - 12
RANGEABILITY : Up to 30:1
MAX WATER FLOW : 60m3/h
(maximum single nozzle size)
ΔP : 25barg