Page 1 Overview of SQL Azure Jeff Chu | 2010-6-25.

Overview of SQL AzureJeff Chu | 2010-6-25

Agenda

• Service Review• SQL Azure Architecture & Workflows• Service Resilience• Service Monitoring • Attack Vectors/Security considerations• Wrap up

Review – Conceptual model• Subscription

– Used to map service usage to the billing instrument– Users may have many subscriptions

• Logical Server– Akin to SQL Server Instance– Unit of Geo-Location & Billing– 1:1 Subscription & server

• User Database– Restricted T-SQL surface area– Additional catalog views provided e.g. sys.billing,

sys.firewall_rules, etc

SQL Azure Database

Customer Value PropsSelf-provisioning and capacity on demandSymmetry w/ on-premises database platformAutomatic high-availability and fault-toleranceAutomated DB maintenance (infrastructure)Simple, flexible pricing – “pay as you grow”

Browser

MSDatacenter

SOAP/RESTHTTP/S

SQL Azure Database (Windows Azure Compute)

Windows Azure Compute

T-SQL (TDS)

App Code(ASP.NET)

SQL Server Reporting Server

(on-premises)

Astoria/REST - EDMHTTP/S

- AD Federation (LiveId /.Net Svcs ACS)

SQL AzureDatabase

T-SQL (TDS)

Relational database service

• SQL Server technology foundation

• Highly symmetrical

• Highly scaled

Database “as a Service” – beyond hosting

SQL Azure Network TopologyApplication

InternetAzure Cloud

LB

TDS (tcp)

TDS (tcp)

TDS (tcp)

Applications use standard SQL client libraries: ODBC, ADO.Net, PHP, …

Load balancer forwards ‘sticky’ sessions to TDS protocol tier

Security Boundary

SQL SQL SQL SQL SQLSQL

Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway Gateway

Gateway: TDS protocol gateway, enforces AUTHN/AUTHZ policy; proxy to CloudDB

Scalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancing

TDS Gateway• TDS Listener

– Capability negotiation– TDS Packet inspection– Security

• Logical->Physical mapping via metadata catalog

• Enabler for multi-tenet capabilities• Isolation layer

TDS Gateway LayeringGateway ProcessGateway Process

TDS Endpoint AdminSvc Endpoint

Protocol Parser

Provisioning Endpoint

Business Logic Services

Connection Mgmt

SQL SQL SQL SQL SQLSQL

Scalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancing

Provisioning • Subscription

– Coordinated across all Azure services– Executed in parallel w/retries

• Server– May occur between data centers– Point where Geo-location is established

• Database– Always occurs within a single data center– Cross node operations executed during this

process e.g. add new db to sys.databases on the master

Server Provisioning• Driven by administrator Portal• Provision request is sent to Gateway

–Metadata catalog entry created–DNS record (CNAME) created within

LiveDNS service–Master DB created

• On completion metadata catalog updated

Datacenter (Sub-Region)Datacenter (Sub-Region)

SQL Azure Server Provisioning

Customer Browser

Portal LB

11

Front-end NodeFront-end Node

Live DNS ClusterLive DNS ClusterLive DNS

Svc

22 44

Gateway

Backend NodeBackend Node

Mgmt. Service

s

SQL Server

Fabric

Backend NodeBackend Node Backend NodeBackend Node

Mgmt. Service

s

SQL Server

Fabric

Mgmt. Service

s

SQL Server

Fabric


Gateway


Admin Portal


Admin Portal

33

Gateway LB55

66

77

Database Provisioning• Gateway performs stateful TDS packet inspection

– Picks out subset of messages– Parses out args for create database

• Makes entry into Gateway metadata catalog• Unused replica set located and reserved• Replica set (UserDB) is prepped for use • Metadata catalog is updated

SQL Azure Database provisioningTDS GatewayTDS GatewayFront-end NodeFront-end Node

Protocol Parser

Gateway Logic

Master ClusterMaster Cluster

Master NodeMaster Node

Master Node Components

11

2233

55 6677

Scalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancingScalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancing

44

88

TDS Session

Backend Node 1SQL Instance

SQL DB


SQL DB


SQL DB

SQL Azure Login Process

• Login request arrives at the Gateway• Gateway locates MasterDb & UserDb

replica sets• Credentials are validated against MasterDb• TDS session is opened to UserDB and

requests are forwarded

SQL Azure Login ProcessTDS GatewayTDS GatewayFront-end NodeFront-end Node

Protocol Parser

Gateway Logic

Global Partition MapGlobal Partition Map

Master NodeMaster Node

Master Node Components

11

22

44 55

66

Scalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancingScalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancing

33

77

TDS Session


SQL DB


SQL DB


SQL DB

88

Service Resilience• Provisioning

– State machines used to coordinate activities across node (and datacenter) boundaries

– Failed provisioning attempts cleaned automatically after 10 minutes

• Login– Failovers during the login will be transparent (<30

seconds)– Metadata catalog refresh occurs automatically

• Active Session– Surface as connection drops (due to state)

Monitoring Service Health• Metrics

– Cluster wide performance counters gather key metrics on the service

– Used to alert Operations to issues before they become a problem

• Early warning system• Code issues• Capacity warnings

• Health– Exercises the service routinely looking for problems– When issues are encountered runs deep diagnostics

• Network connectivity at the node level• Validate all dependent services (Live DNS, Live ID, etc)

• Monitoring from other MSFT DC’s– Validates accessibility from multiple geographic locations– Alerts fired automatically when test jobs fail

Security/Attack Considerations• Service

– Secure channel required (SSL)– Denial Of Service trend tracking– Packet Inspection

• Server – IP allow list (Firewall) – Idle connection culling– Generated server names

• Database– Disallow the most commonly attacked user id’s

(SA, Admin, root, guest, etc) – Standard SQL Authn/Authz mode

Wrap Up• Reviewed SQL Azure Architecture &

Workflows– Provisioning (Server & DB)– Login

• Service Resilience & Health– Failure detection and correction– How we determine service health

• Security considerations– Attack vectors and mitigations

• Questions?

What are your application’s requirements?

Storage and Transactional throughput

Storage RequirementsLow High

Tran

sact

iona

l Req

uire

men

tsLo

wH

igh

• Single Database• No Partitioning

• Partitioned Data• Partitioning Based on

Application Requirements (Storage)

• Partitioned Data• Partitioning based on

Application Requirements (IOPS)

• Partitioned Data• Partitioning based on

Application Requirements (IOPS, Storage or both)

Getting Data Where You Need ItSQL Azure Data Sync Service

Benefits• Scale-out read or

read/write• Geo replication of data• Edge network data

distribution• Content delivery

networks

Sync Group

SQL Azure

SQL Azure

SQL Azure

SQL Azure Data Sync – Overview

Offline-Capable Cached Mode Applications

On-Premises Applications

SyncGroup

SQL Azure

SQL Azure

SQL Azure

Data Sync

Data Sync

Remote Offices & Retail Stores

Data Sync

SQL Azure Data Sync

http://azure.com

SQL Azure Data Sync Service

http://sqlazurelabs.com

http://azure.com/

http://sqlazurelabs.com/

References• SQL Azure Documentation

– http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee336279.aspx• PDC 2009 SQL Azure Sessions

– SVC12: SQL Azure Database: Under the hood– SVC06: Scale-out Web Application with SQL Azure Database

• Tech.Ed 2010 North America SQL Azure Sessions– DAT09: What’s new in SQL Azure Database

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee336279.aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee336279.aspx

Page 1 Overview of SQL Azure Jeff Chu | 2010-6-25.

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