PACS 2500

Introduction toPeace and Conflict Studies

Guy Burgess

Co-DirectorConflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado

UCB 580, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0580, (303) 492-1635 burgess@colorado.edu

Copyright © 2014 Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess

Test Next Thursday

Study Questions -- #33 Cut

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• 2 Mid-Terms / Final• Notes page allowed• Study questions

– List– Define– Apply

• “Wildcard” questions• Slightly cumulative

final• 50 minute tests• “Curved” grading

Temporary Text Extended Thru Test #1

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Stop Fighting

http://stop-fighting.crinfo.org/

Think About a Fight

Parents? Roommates? Siblings? Teachers? Community?

A. Hold your ground? Fight back and protect your interests?

B. Overstate your case, so you have something to back down to later?

C. Give in so as not to "make waves"?

D. Take a "time out" to allow things to cool down?

E. End the relationship (because if you fight like this over and over, it isn't worth the misery)?

When you find yourself in a hole, stop digging!

A. Stand up for yourself and make sure the other person knows you won't tolerate disrespect from him or her?

B. Apologize for statements said in anger that you didn't really mean, and try again to respectfully explain what you DID mean?

C.Politely tell the other person how their attacks made you feel?

D.Forgive and forget -- and move on?

A. Say it again, because the other person probably just wasn't listening or didn't understand?

B. Listen to what the other person has to say first, and then respond?

C. Talk about yourself -- don't talk about them?

D. Talk around the problem -- don't focus on it directly? That’s too inflammatory.

A. Base the plan on agreed-to principles of fairness and justice?

B. Agree to talk whenever someone is upset and come up with a collaborative solution?

C.Agree that one person will be the "authority figure", though that person will listen to the other person's arguments and complaints?

D.Agree to negotiate everything?

A. Try to convince your partner to do what you want? (You need to stand up for yourself.)

B. Agree with your partner and do what he/she wants? (It’s not worth the fight.)

C.Try to find out what your partner's underlying interests are (Why does he/she take the position that she does?)

D.Try to trade off with your partner? (You do what he/she does sometimes and he/she does what you want other times.)

A.Avoid talking about the issue?

B.Try to collect more facts so that you can persuade the other person that you are right?

C.Try to get someone else to help you resolve the problem?

D.Agree to disagree, but work to understand the other side?

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Right vs. Wrong

Moral (Culture-based)

Conflict

Unless Viewed from the Right Angle

Culture Matters

It’s about much more than tastes in food!

Culture and Conflict

Finger Jestures

Soles of Your Shoes

Japanese Business Cards

CAOCL

War and Anthropology

http://www.counterpunch.org/2009/12/01/human-terrain-systems-anthropologists-and-the-war-in-afghanistan/

Cross-Cultural Conflict Stories

In your travels (and in your community) what cultural misunderstandings have you encountered?

Of these, which one's had the potential to cause or contribute to serious conflict?

How did you handle the situation? How should you have handled the

situation?

Cultural Differences

Within groupdifferences

Between group differences

Within groupdifferences

Nature Vs. NurtureCulture vs. Personality

Culture

High Context - uses implied meanings which arise from the setting

Low Context - focuses on literal meanings of words, independent of setting

Note: this distinction does not describe a dichotomy, but rather poles on a continuum.

Kurt Lewin Resolving Social Conflicts

Americans

Europeans

"There is nothing so practical as a good theory"

Culture

Inner-directed cultures see virtue in individual achievements, whereas

Outer-directed cultures see virtue in relationships and process

Tradition-direct cultures see virtue in the way that things have always been done

Fate and Personal Responsibility

Personal responsibility Extent to which we feel ourselves to be the

masters of our lives Fate

Extent to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control

Perception of Time and Space Monochronic

Linear quantitative time, most common in the northern and western hemispheres -- “time is money”

Polychronic Cyclical time w/ unraveling

and unlimited continuity, most common in southern and eastern hemispheres

Space Differences in comfortable

distance between people

Culture

Collectivists see group allegiances most important

Individualists see themselves as separate individuals

What is the fundamental social unit?

Collectivist vs. Individualist Republicans

Collective Military traditions National interests / patriotism

Individualistic Free market Freedom

Democrats Collective

“It takes a village” “Socialized ___________”

Individualistic Civil rights

Culture

Some values that vary cross-culturally concern: Power – its appropriate distribution and source Achievement – what it consists of Hedonism (Fun) – what it is and how

important it is Stimulation – what its acceptable forms are Self-direction – degree to which this is

possible and desirable

Culture

Other values that vary cross-culturally include: Universalism/Particularism – degree to

which things are seen as connected/seperated Benevolence – its importance Traditions – what they are and their

importance Confirmation – its importance and sanctions

to enforce it Security – the forms it takes

Our Big Culture ConflictLiberals Vs. Conservatives

Unfettered Competition?Pro- Anti-Government

A “Winner Take All” Culture?

Strict Father / Nurturing Mother

George LakoffMoral Politics

Google Books Link

W.F. Ogburn / Cultural Lag

Traditionalists

Vs.

First / New Adopters

Moral Clarity?

Rightor

WrongRight

or

Wrong• Family structures, gender roles, sexual orientation• National security, friends and enemies• Distribution of wealth, acceptable business practices

Authoritarianism & Polarization

http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=052171124X

Time-outs - Democratic

Spanking - Republican

Kristof – Politics in Our Head?

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/opinion/14kristof.html?pagewanted=print

Different Ways of Thinking

Liberals Analytic thinkers

Conservatives Holistic/intuitive

thinkers

Science versus religion

Is Science/Secular Humanism a Religion?

Prescriptions for behavior Why things happen

Origins explanations

Logos vs. Mythos

Logos vs. Mythos

Leadership?

I don't belong to any organized political party, I'm a Democrat.“– Will Rogers

Democratic vs. Republican Media

Talk Radio Rush Limbaugh

Social Networking Move On

The Big Conflict: Role of Government

Is government the solution or the problem?

Not Resource but Pollution Limits

The Ultimate PACS Challenge

Free Markets

Ayn Rand

Alan Greenspan

Anti-Government

AdamSmith

The Invisible Hand

Creative Destruction

Anti-Government

Anti-Government

Anti-Government

Ronald Reagan Grover Norquist

Scapegoating Government

“Government Is the Problem Not the Solution”

Excuses vs. Reasons

• Privatizing Profits• Upside profits go to highly leveraged

investors

• Socializing Risks• Downside loses go to taxpayers with

bailouts

Corporate WelfareGovernment Bailout & “Moral Hazard”

Trust in Government

http://www.gallup.com/poll/175790/americans-trust-executive-legislative-branches-down.aspx?utm_source=alert&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=syndication&utm_content=morelink&utm_term=Politics

Pro-Government

Manage the

Commons

Help the “Invisible Hand” Coontrol the “Invisible Fist”

AdamSmith

Kenneth Boulding

Policies of social organization based purely onself-interest (and greed) have failed! They must be balanced with civic-minded policy making.

Pro-Government

Pro-Government

Level the Playing Field

Limit Matthew’s Law

“To whomsoever hath, to him shall be given”

Kenneth Boulding

Pro-Government

Pro-Government

Avoid the Posterity Trap

“What has posterity ever done for me?”

Pro-Government

Limit the Bubbles

Assure a Common History

http://www.pbs.org/moyers/journal/04242009/watch.html

Pro-Government

Watergate

Pecora Hearings

The _________ Industrial Complex

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8y06NSBBRtY

The Vested Interest Problem

The BLANK industrial conplex

The Corruption Problem

Government as Just another Arena for Competition

Test Review Questions

Malala Yousafzai

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjGL6YY6oMs