pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
-
Upload
aapennsylvania -
Category
Documents
-
view
785 -
download
9
description
Transcript of pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 1/208
Design Consistency
Guidelines
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
October 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 2/208
DESIGN CONSISTENCY GUIDELINES
October 2011 EDITION
Tracking Changes:
Text marked in yellow are changes introduced in this October 2011, edition.
Chapters 13, 15, 16 and 18 have not been revised in this edition.
Chapter 14 is reserved for future use.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 3/208
TOC-i
October 2011
DESIGN CONSISTENCY GUIDELINES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
No.Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 SURVEYS
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Survey/Plan Requirements for GPS Utilization
2-1
2-1
A. Control/Monument Recovery
B. Evaluation of Control for Final Design and
Construction Control
C. Verification of Mapping Accuracy
2-1
2-1
2-3
2.2 Surveys for Supplementing Project Mapping 2-42.3 Survey Control for Construction 2-4
A. Projects Defined as “Minor Projects” and
“Small Bridges/Structures”
B. Projects Defined as “Major Projects”
C. Major Bridge Structures/Tunnels (over 800ft. in
length)
2-4
2-6
2-8
2.4 Survey Deliverables 2-9
Chapter 3 ROADWAY DESIGN
3.0 Introduction 3-13.1 Mainline Typical Sections – Flexible Pavement 3-1
A. Six-lane Section
B. Four-lane Section with Future Lane Addition inMedian
C. Shoulder Treatment adjacent to Superelevated
Pavement
D. Typical Section Sheet Note
3-1
3-5
3-6
3-7
3.2 Horizontal Alignment – Mainline 3-12
A. Maximum Degree of Curvature
B. Spirals
C. Guidelines for Setting Bearings and Angles
D. Plan Presentation
3-12
3-12
3-12
3-12
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 4/208
TOC-ii
October 2011
3.3 Vertical Alignment – Mainline 3-13
A. Maximum Percent Grade
B. Guidelines for Setting Profile Grades and
Elevations
C. Guidelines for Setting Graphic Grade Profilesand Elevations
D. Plan Requirements
3-13
3-13
3-16
3-17
3.4 Superelevation Transition and Spiral Lengths 3-17
3.5 Cross-sections 3-17
3.6 Interchange and Service Plaza Ramps 3-21
3.7 Two-Lane to Three-Lane Transitions 3-21
3.8 Local Roadway Design 3-23
A. General 3-23
3.9 Access Ramps 3-233.10 Toll Plaza Design 3-25
3.11 Title Sheet and Limit of Work 3-25
A. Early-Action Overhead Bridge Replacement
Project
B. Mainline Reconstruction ProjectC. Title Sheet General
3-25
3-253-25
Chapter 4 MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF TRAFFIC
4.0 Introduction 4-1
4.1 General Notes 4-1
4.2 Temporary Pavement 4-7
4.3 Temporary Emergency Pull-offs (EPOs) 4-7
4.4 Detours 4-7
4.5 Temporary Concrete Barrier 4-10
4.6 Guide Rail 4-10
4.7 Temporary Major Guide and Overhead Signs 4-10
Chapter 5 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
5.0 Introduction 5-1
5.1 TS&L Submission 5-1A. TS&L Submission RequirementsB. TS&L Drawings
5-15-1
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 5/208
TOC-iii
October 2011
5.2 Mainline Structures (Carrying Mainline Traffic) 5-4
A. Approach Slabs
B. Substructure
C. Superstructure
5-4
5-4
5-4
5.3 Overhead Structures (Carrying Facilities Over
Mainline)
5-5
A. Approach SlabsB. Substructure
C. SuperstructureD. Early Action Bridge Contracts
5-55-6
5-65-7
5.4 General Structures Guidelines 5-7
A. Substructure
B. SuperstructureC. Drainage
D. Retaining WallsE. Sound Barriers
F. Soldier Pile/Post and Plank Walls (Non-Anchored)
G. Sign Structures
H. GeneralI. Software
5-7
5-95-10
5-105-11
5-11
5-11
5-125-12
Chapter 6 RIGHT-OF-WAY
6.0 Introduction 6-1
6.1 Re-establishing Turnpike Right-of-Way Baselines-Best
Fit
6-1
A. History 6-1
6.2 Plan Requirements 6-5
A. Right-of-way – Mainline Only
B. Right-of-way – Early Action Bridges, SideRoads, Access Ramps accepting/discharging
traffic onto any public roads
C. Title SheetD. Preparation of Property Plots Plans
E. Right-of-way/Geometry Plans
F. Required Right-of-Way Lines
6-5
6-5
6-66-7
6-8
6-96.3 Right-of-Way Summary Chart 6-9
6.4 Utility Easements 6-10
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 6/208
TOC-iv
October 2011
Chapter 7 DRAINAGE, STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
DESIGN, AND EROSION AND SEDIMENT
POLLUTION CONTROL PLANS
7.0 Introduction 7-1
7.1 Drainage Design Criteria 7-1A. GeneralB. Storm Drainage
7-17.2
7.2 Stormwater Management 7-8
A. Stormwater Management OrdinancesB. Act 167 Plans and Municipal Ordinances
C. Antidegradation and Post Construction
Stormwater Management Plan Requirements
D. Post Construction Stormwater Management
Plans
E. Post Construction Stormwater ManagementPlans for PTC Maintenance
F. NPDES Permit Submittal ProceduresG. BMP’s
7-87-9
7-9
7-10
7-10
7-117-12
7.3 Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Measures 7-23
Chapter 8 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN
8.0 Reconnaissance Plan 8-1
A. Objective
B. Scope
C. Deliverable
8-1
8-1
8-2
8.1 Problem Statement Draft Exploration Plan (PSDEP) 8-3A. ObjectiveB. Scope
C. Deliverable
8-38-3
8-3
8.2 PTC Open-End Contract Drilling Guidelines and
Procedures 8-5
A. Objective
B. Scope
C. Deliverable
8-5
8-6
8-7
8.3 Geotechnical Engineering Report (GER) Submission
Guidelines 8-7A. Objective
B. Scope of Work
C. Deliverable
8-7
8-7
8-12
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 7/208
TOC-v
October 2011
8.4 Soil Profile Plan Submission Guidelines 8-12
A. Objective
B. Scope of Work
C. Deliverable
8-12
8-13
8-13
8.5 Geotechnical Treatment Plan Guidelines 8-14
A. Objective
B. Scope of Work C. Deliverable
8-14
8-148-14
8.6 Structure Foundation Submission Geotechnical Report
Guidelines 8-14
A. Objective
B. Scope of Work
C. Deliverable
8-14
8-15
8-17
8.7 PS&E Review Guidelines 8-19
A. Objective
B. Scope
C. Deliverable
8-19
8-19
8-19
8.8 Miscellaneous 8-19
A. Notes for PTS-100 UseB. Guidance for Rock Embankment Design
C. Dynamic Pile Load Testing Guidelines
8-198-20
8-21
Chapter 9 PAVEMENT DESIGN
9.0 Permanent Pavement – Flexible Pavement 9-1
A. GeneralB. Flexible Pavement Design Guidelines
C. Permanent Pavement Design Parameters
9-19-1
9-2
9.1 Permanent and/or Temporary Median and Outside
Shoulders – Flexible Pavement 9-5
9.2 Permanent Pavement for Local Road and State Routes 9-6
9.3 Standard Pay Items – Total Reconstruction Pavement 9-8
Chapter 10 GUIDE RAIL AND MEDIAN BARRIER
10.0 Introduction 10-1
10.1 Guide Rail 10-2A. General
B. Clear Zone Concept
C. SlopesD. Tapers
E. Outside of Horizontal Curves
10-2
10-8
10-810-8
10-8
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 8/208
TOC-vi
October 2011
F. Inside of Horizontal Curves
G. Length of Need EquationH. Recommended Clear Runout Area Behind
VATET
I. Burying of Guide Rail
J. Trailing End of Guide RailK. Drainage Features
L. Rounding of Guide Rail Panel LengthsM. Treatment of Guide Rail Where Access Ramps
Meet the Turnpike Roadway
N. Treatment of Guide Rail at Maintenance
Opening
10-9
10-9
10-10
10-10
10-1010-11
10-11
10-11
10-11
10.2 Concrete Median Barrier and Single-face Barrier 10-12
A. Concrete Median Barrier
B. Single-face Barrier
10-12
10-12
Chapter 11 SIGNING AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS 11.0 Introduction 11-1
11.1 Signing 11-1
A. General
B. Presentation of Plans
C. ReflectivityD. Mounting (Ground Overhead)
E. Sign Structures
F. Solar Powered Flashing Beacons
G. Wiring/ConduitH. PTC Signing Guidelines for Acceleration
RampsI. PTC Access Road Signing
11-1
11-1
11-211-2
11-2
11-2
11-2
11-311-3
11.2 Pavement Markings 11-4
A. General
B. Patterns
C. Tapers for Lane TransitionsD. Lane Transition Arrows
E. Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers
11-4
11-4
11-411-4
11-4
Chapter 12 LIGHTING
12.0 Introduction 12-112.1 Site Inspection 12-3
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 9/208
TOC-vii
October 2011
12.2 Conceptual Lighting Design (Lighting Study) 12-3
A. Mainline Turnpike
B. Mon-Fayette and Southern Beltway Projects
12-3
12-4
12.3 Preliminary Lighting Design 12-4
A. Conventional LightingB. High Mast Lighting
C. Offset Lighting (Post Mounted Tenon)
12-412-11
12-13
12.4 Preliminary Lighting Design Report 12-13
12.5 Final Lighting Design 12-13
12.6 Final Lighting Design Report 12-14
Chapter 13 UTILITIES
13.0 General 13-1
13.1 Utility Tracking Chart 13-1
13.2 Gas and Waterline Attachments to Overhead Structures 13-1
Chapter 14 (Reserved for Future Use)
Chapter 15 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, MITIGATION
AND PERMITS
15.0 Slopes 15-1
15.1 Departmental of Environmental Protection 15-1
15.2 Submerged Lands Licenses – 105 Permit 15-2
Chapter 16 ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT
16.0 Permanent Pull-off Areas 16-116.1 Landscape Planting 16-1
Chapter 17 HYDROLOGIC AND HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS
17.0 Introduction 17-1
17.1 Background Information 17-1
A. Field View
B. ResearchC. Survey
17-1
17-117-2
17.2 Hydrologic Analysis 17-2
A. MethodologyB. Drainage Area
C. Discharges
17-217-2
17-3
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 10/208
TOC-viii
October 2011
17.3 Hydraulic Analysis 17-3
A. Modeling Method
B. Backwater Analysis
C. Scour Analysis
17-3
17-4
17-5
17.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis 17-6
17.5 Summary Data 17-6
17.6 Drawings 17-6
A. Provide a full size plan that includes the
following items:
B. Provide an elevation new of the structure thatincludes the following items:
17-6
17-7
Chapter 18 SPECIFICATIONS, ITEM NUMBERS,
QUANTITIES AND COST ESTIMATING
18.0 Introduction 18-1
18.1 Specifications 18-1
A. General
B. PennDOT Publication 408C. Commission Specifications
D. Commission Standard Special Provisions
E. Category F-Non-standard Project Specific
Special Provisions
18-1
18-118-1
18-1
18-3
18.2 Item Numbers 18-3
A. General
B. PennDOT Publication 408C. Commission Specifications
D. Commission Standard Special ProvisionsE. Non-Standard Project Specific Special
Provisions
F. Alternate Structure ItemsG. Item Number Sequencing
18-3
18-418-4
18-4
18-5
18-718-9
18.3 Quantities 18-9
18.4 Cost Estimating 18-9
Chapter 19 PLAN PRESENTATION
19.0 Introduction 19-1
19.1 Tips for Design Field View Presentation 19-1
19.2 Tips for Plan Presentation 19-1
19.3 Tips for Property Plots Plans 19-1
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 11/208
TOC-ix
October 2011
19.4 Tips for Cross Section Presentation 19-2
Chapter 20 SAMPLE LETTERS AND FORMS
20.1 Notification of Project to Municipalities 20-2
20.2 Notification of Project to Local Officials 20-3
20.3 Notification of Project to PennDOT 20-420.4 Intent to Enter 20-6
20.5 Notification of Sound Barrier Meeting 20-7
20.6 Sound Barrier Survey Form 20-8
20.7 Geotechnical Quality Assurance Form-PS&E Review 20-10
20.8 Monument Data & Recovery Form 20-11
Appendix A Sample Deed Description 1-4
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 12/208
DESIGN CONSISTENCY GUIDELINES
October 2011 EDITION
Tracking Changes:
Text marked in yellow are changes introduced in this October 2011, edition.
Chapters 13, 15, 16 and 18 have not been revised in this edition.
Chapter 14 is reserved for future use.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 13/208
1-1
Oct 201
Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION
The following information was developed by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) to be
used as a set of guidelines in the design of Total Reconstruction projects. These guidelines will be periodically updated to reflect the most current design decisions and information related to thesetypes of projects.
The information included herein will not be applicable to every project. Each project is to bedesigned on an individual basis, taking into account all applicable information included herein, yet
making decisions using sound engineering judgment based on the unique aspects of each project.
PennDOT standards and publications, AASHTO design guidelines and Commission specifications
and standards should all be used in conjunction with these guidelines in design. It is understood
that federal, state or local regulations may require deviations from these guidelines.
It is the mission of the Commission to operate and manage a safe, reliable, cost-effective and
valued toll road system and in cooperation with our Consultants, our mission will be
accomplished.
FOR SECURITY PURPOSES, ANYONE THAT INTENDS TO MAKE A FIELD VISIT ON
TURNPIKE DESIGN PROJECTS MUST NOTIFY THE APPROPRIATE
MAINTENANCE FACILITY IN ADVANCE OF THE FIELD VIEW. OBTAIN THE
MAINTENANCE FACILITY CONTACT INFORMATION FROM THE TURNPIKE
PROJECT MANAGER AT THE START OF THE PROJECT.
Prior to Working within the PTC Right-of-Way
Consultants doing any work on Turnpike R/W (surveyors, drillers, utilities, R/W personnel
environmental specialists, etc.) should inform the PTC project manager prior to performing the
work.
The following information should be provided:
• location of work (mileposts)• make, year, and model of vehicle(s)
• color of vehicle(s) and markings
•
state in which registered and license tag number(s)• Contact information (including phone number) for responsible office parties
• Number of workers to be on-site
• Field contact name and information - with cellular number
• Brief scope of work - impact (working on shoulders, off roadway, etc.)
• general timeframe
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 14/208
1-2
Oct 201
(The PTC PM will provide this information to the Duty Officer at the Operations Center.) On each
day of work the consultant should telephone the Duty Officer at the Operations Center at 866-332
5889 or *11 by cellular and ask for the Duty Officer. He will need the location and vehicle
description along with a telephone number for contact. (They keep a log of those on the PTCsystem so that they know who is where and what they are doing.)
Following these procedures is important because it prevents conflicts with ongoingMaintenance Department activities, conflicts with activities by other Consultants, andallows the PTC to notify appropriate parties and hopefully keep you from beingchallenged by the PA State Police.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 15/208
2-1
Oct 2011
Chapter 2 – SURVEYS
2.0 Introduction
Engineering surveys shall be performed according to methods and practices outlined in PennDOT
Publication 122M (Surveying and Mapping Manual) except as directed by this section, and any project specific directives issued by the Commission, in writing.
All surveys are to be based upon the “U.S. Survey Foot” definition, and NOT to be based upon the
“International Scientific Foot” definition. Any metric / U.S. Survey Foot conversions of data areto utilize the “1200 / 3937” ratio.
2.1 Survey/Plan Requirements for GPS Utilization
The goal of this section is the establishment of a network of vertical and horizontal control pointsto support the Final Design surveying and utilization of GPS survey equipment by the Contractor
for each construction section. The network will also support conventional survey methods for
Contractors who do not intend to utilize GPS equipment on projects defined as “Minor Projects”and “Small Bridges/Structures” in Section 2.3 A.
A. Control/Monument Recovery
The Final Design Consultant shall recover all available horizontal and vertical control
points shown in field notes, mapping control reports, record of control data sheets, and
plans provided by the Commission. This recovery shall include control points adjacent to
the project, on adjoining sections, with the intent of utilizing adjacent projects’ control tocreate a seamless connection with the adjoining sections.
B. Evaluation of Control for Final Design and Construction Control
The Final Design Consultant for “Minor Projects” and “Small Bridges/Structures” shal
evaluate their section for a GPS Permanent Control Network to support Final Design
surveying and construction. A GPS Permanent Control Network is required for “MajorProjects” and “Major Bridges/Tunnels”. The requirements for control of construction
projects are defined in Section 2.3. Location, condition, stability, and spacing of recovered
survey control points is to be reviewed to determine suitability as safe (out of jeopardy of
destruction from future construction activities) and usable points for the duration oconstruction. If the evaluation of the available horizontal and vertical control is determined
to not meet the requirements outlined in Section 2.3, densification / augmentation of thecontrol network as described in Section 2.3 is necessary.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 16/208
2-2
Oct 2011
The horizontal position of the monuments will be established by static GPS observationsOffsite static stations should be included in the GPS observations as necessary to ensure
strong geometric figures for network adjustments. Incorporate primary control monumentsfrom adjacent design sections in the adjusted network to attempt to provide a seamless fiwith existing projects. The vertical position of the augmentation monuments will be based
upon the same datum (NAVD 1988 for extended NGS Monuments) utilized for thePrimary Control Mapping Monuments.
Plans to add any additional permanent control points to the section shall be submitted to the
Design Manager and Commission Surveyors for review (if applicable). Additiona
permanent vertical and horizontal control monuments and supplementary permanen benchmarks shall be constructed as specified in the PTC Standard Special Provisions.
Except for “Minor Projects” and “Small Bridges/Structures” as defined in Section 2.3-A, aminimum of two pairs of inter-visible concrete monuments (as defined below) per designsection shall be required along the right-of-way so as to provide a network of points for theutilization of GPS survey equipment.
Projects in Section 2.3 must be in Project Grid Coordinates derived from Pa. State PlaneCoordinates, N.A.D. 83, with the Combined Grid Factor provided. Projects in Section 2.3
A should be evaluated to determine if they should be in a Project Grid or State Plane
Coordinate System. See the Project Manager for further clarification.
An “Inter-visible Monument Pair” consists of two poured-in-place concrete monuments
(each of the monuments to be constructed per guidelines in the “Horizontal Control Discs”Commission Standard Special Provision) set between eight hundred (800) feet and twenty-
five hundred (2500) feet apart. Monuments are to be GPS accessible, and set near the
right-of-way fences in stable ground. Ideally, monuments should be located so they are se
at or near proposed roadway grade at places of transition from cut (excavation) to fill(embankment) so they are easily accessible by surveyors and not prone to disturbance from
future construction activities.
A “Vertical Control Monument” is a poured-in-place concrete monument (“Benchmark
Disc” as described in Commission Standard Special Provisions).
A “benchmark” is a firm and vertically stable object (chiseled corner of a concrete
structure, railroad spike driven horizontally into tree, chiseled fire hydrant bolt, etc.
capable of holding an elevation. The object should be able to be occupied by leveling rod digital bar staff. Benchmarks should be located beyond the limits of disturbance fromconstruction activities.
A “Horizontal Control Re-bar” is a three-quarter inch (3/4”) diameter number six (6) re-barthirty inches (30”) long. The re-bar is to have no plastic cap, driven flush with the ground
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 17/208
2-3
Oct 2011
and is to be punched or drilled so it has a defined center. The re-bar should be GPS
accessible, and set near the right-of-way fence in stable ground. Avoid placement in fil(embankment) areas, if possible. Ideally, re-bars should be located so they are set at o
near proposed roadway grade at places of transition from cut (excavation) to fill(embankment) so they are easily accessible by surveyors and not prone to disturbance fromfuture construction activities. An orange fiberglass marker post approved by the
Commission shall be placed against the right-of-way fence so it is radial / perpendicular to
the Survey and Construction Baseline at the station of the re-bar.
C. Verification Of Mapping Accuracy
Final Design Consultant is to perform a Map Accuracy Tests in accordance withPublication 122-M and as follows:
Final Design Consultant shall obtain three or more test profiles. Each test profile should bea minimum of one thousand (1000) feet in length and spaced evenly throughout the project
There should be a minimum of twenty-five (25) feet elevation differential in each profile
over its 1000 foot length. Test profiles are to be taken in tangent (not curved) areas (i possible), along the roadway’s edge of lane where mapper created a break line in the T.I.N
Profile elevations will be taken (utilizing conventional surveying or Real Time Kinematic
(R.T.K.), Geographical Positioning System) at intervals not exceeding fifty feet (50’) and
will include a minimum of two mapping control points for each profile (either primarycontrol monuments or mapping panel points).
Final Design Consultant shall obtain three or more mapping test cross-sections. Eachcross-section should include edges of roadways, edges of shoulders, lane lines, breaks in
grade, and at least two mapping panel points as a check.
The points selected shall be compared to the elevations extracted from the mapping Digita
Terrain Model as supplied by the Commission and the differences for each elevation
summarized and submitted for test profiles and cross sections.
Occupy all Primary Control Monuments with total station survey instrument and obtain
horizontal distances to three nearby mapping panel points. Field-derived inverse distances
shall be compared to coordinate inverse distances and results summarized and submitted.
Obscured areas (shadows, structures, heavy ground cover, etc) require topographic field
survey to augment mapping.
Traverses and data collection performed to augment aerial mapping should be checked
against the mapping for inconsistencies. Significant differences in areas not indicatedobscured will warrant additional test sections.
The GPS network shall tie into the existing mapping control points.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 18/208
2-4
Oct 2011
2.2 Surveys for Supplementing Project Mapping
Final Design Consultant is to extend Project Mapping Control to collect all information necessary
to complete Final Design.
Traverses, GPS observations, and differential digital leveling for layout and data collection shal
be tied to the expanded network of existing Commission monuments. Any inconsistencies foundshould be reviewed with the Design Manager and the Commission Surveyors.
2.3 Survey Control for Construction
The Final Design Consultant shall reference the Survey and Right-Of-Way Baseline for allmainline Turnpike, state and local roads, service plazas, and ramps improved by the project.
Publication 122M shall serve as a guide, where no specific direction is mandated by theCommission.
Projects are to be based upon the “U.S. Survey Foot” definition, and NOT to be based upon the
international “Scientific” definition. Any metric / U.S. Survey Foot conversions of data are to usethe “1200 / 3937” ratio.
Final Design Consultant shall comply with House Bill No. 1859, as amended June 30th
Projects shall be classified into four categories, “Minor Projects”, “Small Bridges/Structures”
“Major Projects”, and “Major Bridge Structures / Tunnels”, Control for construction shall be underthe following guidelines:
, 1992
effective January 1, 1996, mandating projects be on Pa. State Plane Coordinate System, NorthAmerican Datum (NAD) 1983, and comply with PennDOT policy implemented January 1, 1996
that the vertical datum: North American Vertical Datum (NAVD) 1988, be utilized, unless directed
otherwise in writing by the Commission.
A. Projects Defined as “Minor Projects” and “Small Bridges/Structures”
This section is applicable to both “Minor Projects” and “Small Bridges/Structures” excep
where specifically noted.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 19/208
2-5
Oct 2011
Baseline Referencing
Baselines shall be staked at limits of work, endpoints of all tangents (PIs if accessible) andon long curves and tangents at intervals of no farther than six hundred (600) feet apart
Description of point (P.C., P.T., T.S., etc.) and stationing shall be marked upon the stake or
pavement, as appropriate. Additional baseline points shall be set as necessary to ensure a
clear line of sight between adjacent baseline points. Each baseline point shall be
referenced by using no less than three durable, recoverable, ferrous objects or drill holes /chisel cuts in stable concrete objects, the references each being at least as far apart as the
closest reference is to the baseline point being referenced. Final Design Consultant shal
provide both the distance and angular relationships between the references and the baseline
point being referenced. When setting references, care should be taken to consider future
construction activities and if possible, references should be placed beyond the limits of
planned construction disturbance. In areas of significant cut or fill (10 feet or more) it is preferable to reference baseline points at or near transition grade from cut to fill instead of
P.C.s and P.T.s (even if in curves) to avoid baseline points and references from being
disturbed by construction and making them more easily accessible by surveyors from
roadway grade.
Random Horizontal Control Traverse Network
As an alternative to the above, after review by Commission Surveyors, in congested or
restricted areas, the Commission will permit a “Random Horizontal Control Traverse
Network” to be established. Randomly-placed durable ferrous inter-visible traverse points
clearly identified (marked stakes or paint) with traverse point number, shall be set in areasout of jeopardy of destruction from construction activities. Fiberglass witness marker post
(approved by the Commission) shall be set adjacent to the traverse points (or paint placed,
if applicable). A closed horizontal traverse network (point locations submitted to theCommission for review) shall be established from the primary project control monuments
The traverse shall be adjusted by least squares, shall meet a closure precision ratio of no
less than one to ten thousand (1:10,000) for “Minor Projects” and no less than one to
fifteen thousand (1:15,000) for “Small Bridges/Structures”, and a printout of the raw field
data, closure ratio, and adjustment performed shall be submitted to Commission Surveyors
for review. If applicable, a Project Grid coordinate system shall be used, and the
coordinates of the traverse points, Right-Of-Way corners, all baseline change in direction
points and ends, and primary control monuments shall be presented upon the construction plans.
Baseline Stakeouts
In areas where proposed alignment deviates significantly from the existing roadway
footprint and new roadways, lath or painted points (as applicable) shall be placed on
baselines at two-hundred (200) foot intervals to support field view orientation during the
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 20/208
2-6
Oct 2011
bid phase. Where it is not practical to set baseline lath, an appropriate offset line
(preferably parallel/concentric with the baseline) shall be established with stations, offsetsand whether the line is left or right of the baseline.
Within thirty (30) days of the advertisement for bidding, verify that the lath installed isintact for the bidding phase.
For “Minor Projects” the Final Design Consultant shall establish “benchmarks” (as defined
in Section 2.1-B) for construction at a maximum of one thousand (1000) foot intervals two(2) near each bridge and arch/box culvert, and located beyond the limits of disturbance. As
an alternative to the thousand foot intervals described above, the Final Design Consultant
after review by Commission Surveyors, may utilize the Random Horizontal Traverse Network points for construction benchmarks.
For “Small Bridges/Structures” the Final Design Consultants shall establish two (2)
“benchmarks” on stable, rod/digital bar staff accessible points near each bridge andarch/box culvert, and located beyond the limits of disturbance.
B. Projects Defined as “Major Projects”
Existing Inter-visible Monument Pairs (as described in Section 2.1-B), as established for
Primary Mapping Control, shall be the backbone of the vertical and horizontal contro
networks for the project. Inter-visible Monument Pairs should be spaced no farther than
two and one half (2 1/2) miles apart throughout the length of the project. Existing Intervisible Monument Pairs established for adjacent projects should be incorporated to make aseamless transition with adjacent projects.
To densify the horizontal control network, “Horizontal Control Re-bars” as defined in
Section 2.1-B should be set in between Inter-visible Monument Pairs. Place HorizontaControl Re-bars so the distance to the closest monument from an Inter-visible MonumentPair is no farther than one and one half (1 1/2) miles.
Additional Survey Control for Construction
At roads with overhead bridges crossing over mainline Turnpike, Final Design Consultanshall set no less than three (3) thirty-inch (30”) long inter-visible five-eights-inch (5/8”)
diameter (no. 5) re-bars flush with the ground. Re-bars shall have no plastic caps, shal
have punched or drilled center points, shall be placed at stable locations no farther than five
hundred (500) feet apart, out of jeopardy from construction activities. It is preferable (i possible) to avoid placing re-bars in embankment (fill) areas. Final Design Consultan
shall show and label the locations of re-bars on construction plans and Right-Of-
Way/Geometry Plans. Final Design Consultant shall present re-bars’ Project GridCoordinates (displayed to the nearest hundredth of a foot) on construction plans and Right-
Of-Way/Geometry Plans.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 21/208
2-7
Oct 2011
All horizontal control set for construction is to be tied-in by GPS network or closed-traverse conventional surveying methods and adjusted.
“Vertical Control Monuments” as defined in Section 2.1-B shall be placed in betweenInter-visible Monument Pairs. They should be spaced no farther than one (1) mile apartnor farther than one (1) mile from the closest monument in an Inter-visible Monument Pair
The Final Design Consultant shall set two (2) benchmarks on stable objects out of jeopardy
of destruction from construction activities at each bridge and arch/box culvert locationEach of these benchmarks shall be a part of a closed and adjusted level circuit, sufficient to
control construction on the project. Descriptions of benchmark locations with stations and
offsets to the nearest foot from the Survey and Construction Baseline shall be computed bythe Final Design Consultant and provided as a deliverable.
All control for the project is to be on the same vertical datum and horizontal datum as arethe Primary Mapping Control Monuments.
Final Design Consultant shall submit the following control points to the Design Manager orthe Commission Surveyors (if applicable) for review:
1. The planned locations for all Inter-visible Monument Pairs2. The planned locations for all Vertical Control Monuments
3. The planned locations for all Horizontal Control Re-bars proposed to be set.
Commission Surveyors may request a stake-out of the proposed control point locations anda field view before accepting the locations.
Final Design Consultant shall reference each new horizontal and vertical control monumenand/or re-bar set by collecting three swing tie distances to visible stable objects nearby (i
unable to find close by, use drill holes, punched railroad spikes, magnetically detectablesurveyor’s nails, or small re-bars).
Final Design Consultant shall utilize a digital level and bar-encoded staff to run closed
level circuits throughout the project, establishing adjusted elevations on the tops of all
Inter-visible Monument Pairs, Vertical Control Monuments, and Horizontal Control Re- bars set tying into the adjusted elevations on the Primary Mapping Control Monuments.
Project Grid Coordinates for all Right-Of-Way corners, all baseline beginning points baseline end points and baseline change in direction points, all primary control monuments
set or found on the project, and Horizontal Control Re-bars shall be presented upon the
Right-of-Way/Geometry plans.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 22/208
2-8
Oct 2011
Baseline Stakeouts
In areas where proposed alignment deviates significantly from the existing roadway
footprint and new roadways, lath or painted points (as applicable) shall be placed on baselines at two-hundred (200) foot intervals to support field view orientation during the
bid phase. Where it is not practical to set baseline lath, an appropriate offset line(preferably parallel/concentric with the baseline) shall be established with stations, offsets
and whether the line is left or right of the baseline.
Consultant should stake out baseline for all side roads.
Within thirty (30) days of the advertisement for bidding, verify that the lath installed is
intact for the bidding phase.
C. Major Bridge Structures / Tunnels (over 800 ft. in length)
Horizontal control for the project shall be a network of no less than five (5) primary Inter-visible Monuments (discs set in poured-in-place concrete) each of the monuments to be
constructed per Turnpike Commission Standard Special Provision “Horizontal Control
Discs”. If possible, set monuments with the same offset at either end of the structure. Aminimum of two monuments at each end of bridge/tunnel shall be set. The extents of the
network of Inter-visible Monuments shall be at least as far as the structure is long with
strength of network figure complying with “Third Order, Class II” surveys. Adjusted
monument location coordinates shall meet a horizontal precision ratio of no less than1:30,000, with no more than 2.54cm positional deviation from reported position for any
single monument in the network.
A Project Grid coordinate system shall be established, and the coordinates of the traverse
points, all baseline change in direction points and ends, and primary control monuments
shall be presented upon the construction plans. Project Grid Coordinates for right-of-way
corners and baseline changes in direction shall be presented upon the Right-of-Way/Geometry Plans.
No less than two (2) Vertical Control Monuments” (discs set in poured-in-place concrete
per Commission Standard Special Provision for “Benchmark Disc”), shall be established
on both shores/sides of the bridge/tunnel. At least one Vertical Control Monument shall be
placed on islands and at major grade break points in between tunnel portals. After review
and determination by Commission Surveyors that the Horizontal Primary Control
Monuments at both ends of the tunnel/both shores of the bridge have been established at
vertically stable locations, they may be used as both Horizontal and Vertical control, thus
eliminating the requirement to set the Vertical Control Monuments.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 23/208
2-9
Oct 2011
2.4 Survey Deliverables
Final Design Consultant shall submit the following to the Commission:• Leveling data, field notes, GPS log sheets (if applicable)
• A “Combined Grid Factor” for the project and the latitude/longitude and Pa State PlaneCoordinates for the point selected for its basis shall be provided (if applicable).
• A “Monument Data Recovery Form” (M.D.R.F.) and sketch plan for each control pointestablished shall be completed (applicable fields completed) and delivered in both hard copy
and as a Microsoft Word ® document, on CD. See Chapter 20, Sample Letters and Forms.
• If a “Random Horizontal Control Network” was established for the project control, provideASCII coordinate points files for the raw unadjusted field control traverse, the adjusted Pa
State Plane Coordinates, and adjusted Project Grid Coordinates (if applicable) for all traverse
points and horizontal control included in the network.. Provide raw traverse angles and
distances, closure precision ratio for field traverses, and method of adjustment utilized, inMicrosoft Word® format on Compact Disc.
At the conclusion of the final design phase, the Final Design Consultant shall be required to
provide digital (CD-ROM) proposed design information to the Design Manager, CommissionProject Manager and Construction Manager. This information shall consist of all 2D reference files
(alignments, property lines, right-of-way lines, drainage, proposed contours, etc.), digital files
which make up the existing project mapping including the planimetrics, 3D grid points, 3D proposed contour file (if available), the mapping plane grid and break lines. This information wil
allow the Contractor to reproduce roll plots of the paper design plans.
Construction Phase Information
A disclaimer to be furnished by the Commission shall be included in the contract documents whichaddresses the use of these files by the Contractor.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 24/208
3-1
Oct 2011
Chapter 3 – ROADWAY DESIGN
3.0 Introduction
There are many factors that contribute to the decisions required in applying the geometric
design elements within a given design project. This chapter presents the basic framework of the design guidelines required to tailor a consistent roadway network.
Additional sources of information to supplement these design guidelines and relatedconcepts are contained in, but not limited to, AASHTO’s “A Policy on Geometric Design
of Highways and Streets”; PennDOT Publication 13M, Design Manual Part 2 – Highway
Design; PennDOT Publication 70M, Guidelines for Design of Local Roads and Streets;
PennDOT PublicationRR-441, Access to and Occupancy of Highways by Driveways and Local Roads;
PennDOT Publication 72M, Roadway Construction Standards; and the Pennsylvania
Turnpike Commission Standards for Roadway Construction.
3.1 Mainline Typical Sections – Flexible Pavement
The typical sections for mainline were developed for two scenarios:
Six-lane section
Four-lane section with future lane addition in median
On new construction or reconstruction projects having a flexible pavement, the roadway
pavement structure shall extend two feet into the outside shoulder area. Locate the
pavement base drain at this point. The widened portion of the pavement should be
constructed at the same slope as the pavement, and the shoulder slope should begin at theedge of the widened pavement. Label all cross-slopes as a percentage (%).
On the typical section, show both the total width of the travel lanes and shoulders as well as
the width of the pavement section. For areas with two travel lanes, this would consist of a24-foot and 12-foot dimension for travel lanes and outside shoulder, respectively, and a 36-
foot and 12-foot dimension for travel lanes and outside shoulder where there are three
travel lanes. The pavement structure widths will also be shown on the typical section.Show a two-foot dimension for the extension of the pavement structure into the outside
shoulder area.
On the plan sheets, show only the total width of the travel lanes (24 foot or 36 foot),median, and shoulders (12 foot), not the width of the pavement structure.
A. Six-lane Section Figures 3.1.1, 3.1.2, and 3.1.3 depict the typical sections for the six-lane tangent, six-
lane superelevated (2% < SE < 6%), and six-lane superelevated (SE > 6%) scenarios,
respectively.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 25/208
3-2
Oct 2011
Figure 3.1.1 illustrates two (2) tangent (Normal Crown) sections with the PG (Profile
Grade) located between the inside and middle travel lanes.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 26/208
3-3
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 27/208
3-4
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 28/208
3-5
Oct 2011
Figure 3.1.2 illustrates a superelevated section (2% < SE < 6%). This section
introduces a graphic grade profile on the low side of superelevation so that a profile
elevation adjustment can be made to ensure that the edges of median elevations areequal. Superelevation Table 1 depicts the elevation adjustments for the simple curve
portion of a spiraled curve or a circular curve. Further explanation of the graphic
grade profile can be found in Section 3.3.
Figure 3.1.3 illustrates a superelevated section (SE > 6%). This section also utilizes a
graphic grade profile on the low side of superelevation and introduces a change in
cross-slope transition on the low side inside shoulder and a four-foot rounding on thehigh side outside shoulder 50 feet prior to the SE = 6%. Superelevation Table 2
depicts the elevation adjustments as described in Superelevation Table 1, but for SE >
6%.
B. Four-lane Section with Future Lane Addition in Median
Figures 3.1.4, 3.1.5, and 3.1.6 depict the typical sections for the four-lane tangent,four-lane superelevated (2% < SE < 6%), and four-lane superelevated (SE > 6%)
scenarios.
Figure 3.1.4 illustrates two tangent (Normal Crown) sections with the PG (ProfileGrade) located at the edge of roadway, which under the future six-lane section will be
between the inside and middle travel lanes.
Figure 3.1.5 illustrates a superelevated section (2% < SE < 6%). This section
introduces a graphic grade profile on the low side of superelevation so that a profile
elevation adjustment can be made to ensure that under the future six-lane section, the
edge of median elevations are equal. Superelevation Table 1 depicts the elevationadjustments for the simple curve portion of a spiraled curve or a circular curve.
Further explanation of the graphic grade profile can be found in Section 3.3.
Figure 3.1.6 illustrates a superelevated section (SE > 6%). This section also utilizes a
graphic grade profile and introduces a change in cross-slope transition on the low side
inside shoulder and a four-foot rounding on the high side of a superelevated shoulder 50 feet prior to the SE = 6%. Superelevation Table 2 depicts the elevation adjustments
as described in Superelevation Table 1, but for SE > 6%.
The four-lane section will provide a grass median with a swale located at the baseline.The details regarding type of guide rail and cross-slope design is still currently being
researched, and further direction will be given in the future.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 29/208
3-6
Oct 2011
C. Shoulder Treatment Adjacent to Superelevated Pavement
Outside shoulder and median shoulder cross slopes adjacent to superelevated pavement should follow the criteria shown in Figures 3.1.2, 3.1.3,3.1.5, 3.1.6, 3.1.7,
and 3.1.8.
The notes on superelevation shall appear on the typical sections where applicable.These notes may only be modified when certain superelevation rates may not exist
within the plan set. (i.e. no SE rates are greater than 6%).
D. Typical Section Sheet Note
The following note shall appear on the typical sheet with the mainline typical:
ORIGINAL PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION SHOWN. REPAIR AREAS OF
FULL-DEPTH BITUMINOUS MATERIALS MAY BE PRESENT. EXCAVATION
OF EXISTING ROADWAY TEMPLATE IS PAID AS CLASS 1 EXCAVATIONREGARDLESS OF THE MATERIAL ENCOUNTERED.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 30/208
3-7
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 31/208
3-8
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 32/208
3-9
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 33/208
3-10
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 34/208
3-11
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 35/208
3-12
Oct 2011
3.2 Horizontal Alignment - Mainline
Horizontal alignments are to follow PennDOT Publications and AASHTO guidelines except whecriteria within these guidelines supersede those manuals.
A.
Maximum Degree of Curvature
The maximum degree of curvature for mainline horizontal alignment shall not exceed
3°00'00".
B. Spirals
Spirals shall be used on all mainline curves with a Degree of Curvature of 1°00'00" or
greater. See note on Page 3-3, Figure 3.1.2.
C. Guidelines for Setting Bearings and Angles
The bearings of proposed roadways shall be set to seconds of a degree withoutdecimals.
Bearings that tie into an existing roadway may be set to decimals of a second but is norecommended or encouraged.
Bearings of an existing roadway may be set to decimals of a second but it is notrecommended or encouraged.
Angles between proposed baselines should be set to seconds of a degree withoutdecimals.
Angles shown in the curve data should produce the bearings shown for the roadway,
and the roadway bearings should produce the curve data angle.
D. Plan Presentation
Follow PennDOT Publication 14M, Design Manual Part 3 – Plans Presentation, and the
information provided below:
1. Baseline Labels
a. Construction Plans –
PTC Mainline – Survey and Construction Baseline
Side Roads – S.R. or T-___ Survey and Construction Baseline
b. Right-of-way/Geometry Plans
PTC Mainline – Survey and Right-of-way Baseline and Original Right-of-wBaseline
Side roads – S.R. or T-____ Survey and Right-of-way Baseline
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 36/208
3-13
Oct 2011
The construction plans for both Early Action Projects and the Mainline
Total Reconstruction require Right-of-way/Geometry Plans indicating the
tie between the Original Right-of-way Baseline and the Survey andRight-of-Way Baseline.
2. Curve Data Presentation
Horizontal curve data shall be presented as indicated in Figure
3.2.1 or Figure 3.2.1.A. Presentation shall be consistent throughout the
plans.
3.3 Vertical Alignment – Mainline
Vertical alignments are to follow PennDOT Publications and AASHTO guidelines exceptwhere criteria within these guidelines supersede those manuals.
A.
Maximum Percent Grade
The desirable maximum percent grade is 3%. Steeper grades can be investigated
due to topography or other conditions that may justify the use of steeper grades and
must be approved by the Commission.
B. Guidelines for Setting Profile Grades and Elevations
PI stationing should be at a +25-foot interval, when possible, and decimals in thePI stationing are discouraged.
Normally, all grades are to be set and shown to two (2) decimal places.
When tying into an existing roadway, three (3) decimal places for the tie-ingrade may be used.
Grades can be rounded provided the rounded grade produces no change to theelevations of the established or set points (PVI station and elevation).
EXAMPLE: 17.18' (set difference in elevation)/480' (distance between PI’s) =.03579 (3.5792%) = 3.58%. Grade is to be used.
CHECK: .0358 (3.58%) x 480' = 17.184' and rounds to the set difference in
elevation of 17.18'.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 37/208
3-14
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 38/208
3-15
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 39/208
3-16
Oct 2011
Elevations can be rounded provided the rounded elevation produces nochange to the grade.
All PVI elevations are to be established using the rounded elevation of the back PVI.
PG elevations at any point along the survey and construction baselineare to be established using the rounded elevation of the PVI and the
rounded grade.
EXAMPLE: 3.58% (set grade) x 480' = 17.184' ~ 17.18' is to be used.
CHECK: 17.18' / 480' = .03579 (3.579%) which rounds to the set
grade of 3.58%.
C. Guidelines for Setting Graphic Grade Profiles and Elevations
As described and depicted in Section 3.1, Typical Sections, the low side of a superelevat
curve will have a graphic grade to adjust the profile elevations so that the edge of medi barrier elevations are equal in fully superelevated sections and within three (3) inches
transition areas.
A maximum of three inch reveal and a minimum of zero (0) inch reveal must
maintained on the concrete glare screen throughout.
Graphic Grade Elevation Calculations in Full Superelevation
The Graphic Grade elevations will be determined utilizing the concepts depicted Figures 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 for the six-lane mainline section and in Figures 3.1.5 and 3.1for the four-lane mainline section with future lane addition in median. This consta
elevation adjustment, (GG, will provide a three (3) inch reveal on each side of tconcrete glare screen within a fully superelevated section.
Graphic Grade Elevation in Transition Areas
Since a constant elevation adjustment, (GG, will occur in a fully superelevation curva transition from the profile grade to the PC or SC is needed. The following guidelin
are to be used for spiraled curves and simple curves.
Spiraled Curves
Provide linear transitions from the profile grade to the constant elevation adjustmen
GG between the TS and SC stations entering the curve and from the CS to ST statioexiting the curve.
Circular Curves
Provide linear transitions from the Profile Grade to the constant elevation adjustmenGG between the (PC-L), Where L = Length of Superelevation Runoff, and the P
station entering the curve and from the PT to (PT+L) station exiting the curve.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 40/208
3-17
Oct 2011
It is the designer’s responsibility to evaluate profiles along the edge of roadway toavoid rapid grade changes and to ensure a smooth graphic profile.
Figures 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 depict how the aforementioned Graphic Grade Transitionsoccur for the example horizontal curve data provided in Figure 3.2.1.
D.
Plan Requirements
Provide one mainline profile depicting the Profile Grades and Graphic Grades inaccordance with Figure 3.3.1. Provide Profile Grades at 50 foot intervals. Provide
Graphic Grades at 25 foot intervals in Transition Areas and at 50 foot intervals in
constant elevation adjustment, GG areas. The existing elevations depicted on thesingle profile will be along the profile grade points.
Follow guidelines in Section 3.3.B when applicable.
At locations where tying to existing conditions, set and tie one direction as ProfileGrade, tie the opposite direction as Graphic Grade Transition Area, and label as per
Figure 3.3.1.
Show clearances to all structures and overhead utilities.
3.4 Superelevation Transition and Spiral Lengths
As per typical sections presented in Section 3.1, use current PennDOT Publication 13M,
Design Manual Part 2 – Highway Design, for determining minimum superelevation transition
(T), Minimum Tangent Runout (X), Minimum Superelevation Runoff (L), and MinimumSpiral Lengths (LS).
Values shown in DM2 for minimum superelevation runoff (L) and minimum spiral length (Ls)should be adjusted to the next highest even multiple of ten feet (10’). The tangent runou
length (x) should also be adjusted to provide a linear transition rate from normal crown to fullsuperelevation using the value established for L or Ls as a basis.
Figure 3.4.1 illustrates the superelevation transitions for the same horizontal curve data presented in Figure 3.2.1.
3.5 Cross-sections
Provide mainline cross-sections at 50 foot intervals and as required depicting unique features.
Partial cross section inserts to adequately show proposed storm drainage shall be provided
when deemed necessary by the design manager, the project manager or as determined by the
designer.
Provide 4:1 or flatter fill slopes when economically feasible. The use of 3:1 fill slopes shall beavoided unless in transition areas.
Provide pavement base drain as the subbase drainage outlet for all fill slopes flatter than 2:1.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 41/208
3-18
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 42/208
3-19
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 43/208
3-20
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 44/208
3-21
Oct 2011
3.6 Interchange and Service Plaza Ramps
Interchange and service plaza ramps shall be designed as per AASHTO criteria.
Deceleration ramps shall be designed as an AASHTO taper design and acceleration ramps
shall be designed as an AASHTO parallel design.
Ramp widths shall be designed as per AASHTO Exhibit 10-67 “Design Widths for Turning
Roadways” – Case II for all ramps being designed as single lane ramps and as per Case III
for dual lane ramps. Design Traffic Condition B shall be used when determining rampwidth as per either Case II or Case III.
The attainment of superelevation over the gradually widening auxiliary lane and over the
whole of the turning roadway terminals should not be abrupt. The design should be inkeeping with the cross-slope controls as given in AASHTO Exhibit 9-49.
The right shoulder shall be designed as a 10 foot full depth pavement shoulder. The leftshoulder shall be designed as 8 foot full depth pavement when guide rail is present; when
no guide rail is present a 4 foot Type 2 concrete shoulder shall be provided along with a 4
foot graded area. When guide rail is present anywhere adjacent to the left shoulder the
entire shoulder length shall be designed as an 8 foot shoulder. Where left shouldersintersect the gore at the mainline the gore shall be designed as full depth pavement.
Ramp medians shall be designed as a 4 foot minimum with a 6 foot median as the desirablemedian width.
3.7 Two-Lane to Three-Lane Transitions
Figure 3.7.1 provides information on the geometry, pavement markings and signing for
transitioning between 2-lanes and 3-lanes.
In general, for conditions that require the transition from 2-lanes to 3-lanes, a 100:1 taper
rate should be used. This rate can be increased to 70:1 during periods of construction.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 45/208
3-22
Oct 2011
Figure 3.7.1
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 46/208
3-23
Oct 2011
3.8 Local Roadway Design
A. General
Follow local governmental design ordinances, PennDOT publications, andAASHTO guidelines when developing local roadway designs.
Prepare a Design Criteria Chart for each roadway containing the following
information: roadway classifications, existing and design year average daily
traffic and design hourly volumes, existing posted speed limit, design speed,existing and proposed pavement and shoulder widths, existing pavement depths
(if known), existing and proposed vertical grades along with sight distances,
existing and proposed bridge width, and include any other design features such
as sidewalks, parking lanes, etc. This Design Criteria Chart is to be reviewed by the Design Manager prior to submitting to local agencies and PennDOT.
Follow guidelines set forth in PennDOT Publication RR-441, Access toOccupancy of Highways by Driveways and Local Roads, for drivewayadjustments due to construction.
Provide side road cross-sections at 25 foot intervals and at critical points(driveways, etc.).
3.9 Access Ramps
Access ramp design is to follow the details that are depicted in Figure 3.8.1.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 47/208
3-24
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 48/208
3-25
Oct 2011
3.10 Toll Plaza Design
Toll plaza design shall follow the guidance provided in the PTC publications Toll PlazaGuidelines and Toll Collection Equipment Design Parameters.
3.11
Title Sheet and Limit of Work
A. Early-Action Overhead Bridge Replacement Project
The project should be titled as “Replacement of Bridge B- _____ at Milepost ______._____”. The labeled Milepost is the intersecting point of the Mainline and
side road. Associated with this bridge replacement will be Limits of Work for both
the Mainline and side road. These Limits of Work are to contain physical work (
physical work does include the temporary pavement, median barrier removal, etc.; but, does not include the advance signing associated with Maintenance and
Protection of Traffic). These limits should appear on the Index Sheet, General Notes
Sheet, Location Map, Construction Plans, etc.
B. Mainline Reconstruction Project
The project should be titled as “Roadway and Bridge Reconstruction From Milepost ____ ____ to Milepost ____.____”. The labeled Mileposts will be the point of Full
Depth, full width reconstruction. Associated with this project will be Limits of
Work for the Mainline and any impacted side roads. These Limits of Work are tocontain physical work ( physical work does include the temporary pavement, median
barrier removal, etc.; but, does not include the advance signing associated with
Maintenance and Protection of Traffic). These limits should appear on the Index
Sheet, General Notes Sheet, Location Map, Construction Plans, etc.
C. Title Sheet General
Sample Title as follows:
Drawings
For
CONTRACT NO. ____________
ROADWAY AND BRIDGE RECONSTRUCTION
MP ____.____ TO MP ____.____
IN _________________________ COUNTY
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 49/208
4-1
Oct 201
Chapter 4 – MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF TRAFFIC
4.0 Introduction
The Maintenance and Protection of Traffic Plan (MPT) is to provide clear directions for
safely and efficiently handling the flow of traffic through or around the work zone.
A comprehensive MPT plan at a scale of 1” = 50’, including a written sequence of construction and special provisions, will be developed for all work areas for the entire
project. Traffic control plans will consist of plan sheets detailing the staging at each end
of the project where Turnpike traffic will be transitioned into and out of the work zone.
If the majority of the mainline reconstruction work will be done under the samecontinuous setup, a typical staging plan can be developed for each stage of mainline
work. Typical sections can be provided for those areas that deviate from the typical
staging plan. Typical sections can also be provided for structures where lane widths and work areas are restricted. The MPT plans will be an Also Plan set to the contract
documents.
Additional sources of information to supplement these design guidelines and the
Commission’s MPT Standard Drawings (PTS 900 Series) are contained in, but not
limited to, the PennDOT Publication 14M, Design Manual Part 3, Highway Plans
Presentation, Chapter 4; PennDOT Publication 212, Official Traffic Control Devices;PennDOT Publication 213, Work Zone Traffic Control Guidelines; PennDOT Publication
236M, Handbook of Approved Signs; the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
(MUTCD); and applicable PennDOT Traffic Standards from the various TCs.
Detail drawings will be prepared for every stage/phase of work showing all traffic control
signs except those signs shown on the Commission’s MPT Standard Drawings (PTS-900Series), and devices, temporary concrete barriers, temporary pavement markings, etc.
Where applicable, the PTS 900 series will be utilized in lieu of detailed drawings and/or
referenced on the drawings.
4.1 General Notes
Review PennDOT’s Work Zone Safety and Mobility Policy (WZSM) found in PennDOTPublication 46, Traffic Engineering Manual, and apply as necessary to the project.
Discuss results and recommendations with the Commission’s Traffic Department.
Long term traffic control operations will include maintenance of 12-foot wide travellanes. The number of lanes shall be consistent with existing lanes available and only be
reduced if authorized by the Commission’s Traffic Department.
Mainline turnpike traffic traveling in the same direction must be maintained on two
adjacent lanes for two lane sections or three adjacent lanes for three lane sections and can
not be split.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 50/208
4-2
Oct 2011
Typical MPT staging for the mainline total reconstruction projects is to include anadditional run of temporary concrete barrier in the main reconstruction stages. The
additional run of temporary concrete barrier is to eliminate continuous single lane
patterns for the movement of temporary concrete barrier between the main reconstructionstages.
A 1 foot or 2 foot (preferred) median in each direction is desirable during construction
staging when traffic in one or both directions is restricted between concrete barrier duringconstruction.
Use the following format and statements in the General Notes sections for Maintenanceand Protection of Traffic (MPT) on the first sheet of the MPT drawings, if applicable.
Add additional notes as necessary for site specific conditions.
GENERAL NOTES FOR MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF TRAFFIC
1. THIS WORK CONSISTS OF THE MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC AND PROTECTION
OF THE TRAVELING PUBLIC APPROACHING THE CONSTRUCTION AREA ANDWITHIN THE LIMITS OF CONSTRUCTION.
2. THE CONTRACTOR IS CAUTIONED THAT OTHER COMMISSION
CONTRACTOR(S) AND/OR COMMISSION MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL MAY BEWORKING ADJACENT TO THE WORK AREA(S) DURING PORTIONS OF THIS
CONTRACT PERIOD. THE REPRESENTATIVE WILL SPECIFY THE WORKING
SEQUENCE OF THE CONTRACTS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE COORDINATEDTRAFFIC CONTROL OPERATIONS.
3. FURNISH, ERECT, PLACE, AND MAINTAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS AND
DEVICES AND MAINTAIN TRAFFIC DURING HOURS OF CONSTRUCTION ANDAT ALL OTHER TIMES ACCORDING TO THE METHODS INDICATED IN THESE
DRAWINGS AND
a. THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT.
b. PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION STANDARD DRAWINGS.c. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 212, OFFICIAL TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES.
d. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 408, SPECIFICATIONS, _____. (Insert Contract Edition)
e. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 72M, STANDARDS FOR ROADWAY CONSTRUCTIONf. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 111M, TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNING STANDARDS –
TC-8600 AND TC-8700 SERIES.
g. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 236M, HANDBOOK OF APPROVED SIGNS.h.
PENNDOT PUBLICATION 35, APPROVED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(BULLETIN 15).
4. IMMEDIATELY UPON COMPLETION OF WORK, ALL TRAFFIC CONTROL
DEVICES WILL BE REMOVED BY THE CONTRACTOR AND REMAIN THECONTRACTOR’S PROPERTY UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL
PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT. THE PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE
COMMISSION WILL REMOVE ANY TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES ERECTED BYPENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION PERSONNEL.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 51/208
4-3
Oct 201
5. HAVE ALL TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES IN PLACE FOR INSPECTION BY THE
REPRESENTATIVE BEFORE WORK BEGINS.
6. REMOVE EXISTING WARNING, REGULATORY, GUIDE, AND DIRECTIONALSIGNS AS REQUIRED TO ACCOMMODATE CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS. DO
NOT REMOVE STOP OR YIELD SIGNS UNLESS AN ALTERNATE TYPE OF
TRAFFIC CONTROL IS PROVIDED, SUCH AS FLAGGERS, TEMPORARY TRAFFICSIGNALS, ETC. CONTINUE THE ALTERNATE TRAFFIC CONTROL UNTIL THE
STOP OR YIELD SIGNS ARE REPLACED. STAKE OR MARK SIGN LOCATIONS OR
LOCATE SIGNS ON CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS BEFORE REMOVING ANY
SIGNS. MARK SIGNS WITH THE MILEPOST OR STATION OF ITS EXISTINGLOCATION. WITH THE EXCEPTION OF STOP OR YIELD SIGNS AS HEREIN
NOTED, REINSTALL EXISTING WARNING, REGULATORY, GUIDE AND
DIRECTIONAL SIGNS AT APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS AS SOON AS OPERATIONSTHAT INTERFERE WITH THE SIGNS ARE COMPLETE. THE CONTRACTOR IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR SIGNS OR SUPPORTS DAMAGED OR LOST.
7. COVER EXISTING SIGNS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS THAT CONFLICT WITH
THE TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN (TCP) OR THAT DO NOT APPLY TO EXISTINGCONDITIONS. COVER WITH RUBBER ROOFING MATERIAL (EPDM) HAVING A
THICKNESS OF 1.1 MM (O.045 INCH) OR ANY OTHER APPROVED MATERIAL, TO
COVER THE ENTIRE SIGN. BURLAP OR SIMILAR OPEN MESH MATERIALS AREUNACCEPTABLE. STABILIZE AND FASTEN THIS MATERIAL TO THE SIGN WITH
EITHER PLASTIC OR WOOD TO PREVENT ANY MOVEMENT. DO NOT APPLY
TAPE TO THE FACE OF THE SIGN. DO NOT DEFACE OR DAMAGE THE SIGNFACE USING THIS PROCEDURE. MAINTAIN SIGN COVER RETAINERS IN GOOD
CONDITION. REMOVE SIGNS NOT REQUIRED OR NOT USED FOR A PERIOD OF
TWO WEEKS. STORE SIGNS OFF THE TURNPIKE RIGHT-OF-WAY UNTILREQUIRED ON THE PROJECT.
8. INSTALL AND MAINTAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS AND DEVICES THAT ARE
IN NEW CONDITION THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF THE PROJECT. ANYDAMAGE INCURRED WILL BE IMMEDIATELY REPAIRED OR REPLACED BY THE
CONTRACTOR TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE REPRESENTATIVE.
9. THESE PLANS ARE NOT INTENDED TO RELIEVE THE CONTRACTOR OF HIS
RESPONSIBILITY AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 901.3(A). THE STANDARDSPRESCRIBED ARE MINIMUM AND ADDITIONAL MEASURES MAY BE NEEDED IF
PROBLEMS ARE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE CONTRACT. CONSTANTLY
REVIEW THIS PLAN FOR ADEQUACY AND RECOMMEND CHANGES FOR THEREPRESENTATIVE’S APPROVAL WHEN INADEQUACIES ARE DISCOVERED.
10. MAINTAIN CONSTANT SURVEILLANCE OF THE TRAFFIC CONTROL OPERATION
AND REPLACE OR CORRECT ANY MISSING, DAMAGED, INEFFECTIVE, OR MISALIGNED EQUIPMENT TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE REPRESENTATIVE.
11. USE THE SAME TYPE OF PENNDOT APPROVED CHANNELIZING DEVICE
THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT. CHANNELIZING DEVICES ARE TO BE VERTICAL
PANELS WITH SELF-BALLASTING BASES UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED. THEENTIRE FACE OF THE VERTICAL PANEL VISIBLE TO TRAFFIC IS TO BE
REFLECTORIZED.
12. PROVIDE SIGNS WITH PENNDOT APPROVED TYPE VII REFLECTORIZEDMATERIAL.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 52/208
4-4
Oct 2011
13. POST MOUNT ALL LONG TERM ADVANCE SIGNING UNLESS OTHERWISE
NOTED OR AS DIRECTED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE.
14. SIGN LOCATIONS AND DISTANCES MAY BE ADJUSTED SLIGHTLY TO FITFIELD CONDITIONS.
15. ALL TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS AND DEVICES MUST COMPLY WITH THE MOST
CURRENT NCHRP 350 CRITERIA.16. REMOVE ALL CONFLICTING PAVEMENT MARKINGS PER SECTION 963 AND AS
APPROVED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE. REPLACE PAVEMENT MARKINGS UPON
COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT.
17. PROVIDE ALL REQUIRED TEMPORARY MARKINGS AS SHOWN ON THEDRAWINGS AND AS DIRECTED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE. REMOVE ALL
TEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKINGS WHEN THEY ARE NO LONGER REQUIRED
AND AS DIRECTED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE BY METHODS THAT WILL CAUSETHE LEAST DAMAGE TO PAVEMENT STRUCTURE OR PAVEMENT SURFACE.
18. COORDINATE A PRESS RELEASE WITH A PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE
COMMISSION REPRESENTATIVE AT LEAST FOUR (4) WEEKS PRIOR TO THE
START OF WORK AND/OR THE START OF A NEW CONSTRUCTION STAGE.19. PROVIDE FLAGGERS AS REQUIRED TO DIRECT AND CONTROL TRAFFIC AT
ANY CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE ENTRANCE TO WORK AREAS FROM ANY
PUBLIC ROADWAY.
Use the following format and statements in the General Notes sections for Detours on the first
sheet of the Detour drawings, if applicable. Add additional notes as necessary for site specific
conditions.
GENERAL NOTES FOR MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION OF TRAFFIC
1. THIS WORK CONSISTS OF THE MAINTENANCE OF TRAFFIC AND PROTECTION
OF THE TRAVELING PUBLIC APPROACHING THE CONSTRUCTION AREA ANDWITHIN THE LIMITS OF CONSTRUCTION.
2. FURNISH, ERECT, PLACE, AND MAINTAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS AND
DEVICES AND MAINTAIN TRAFFIC DURING HOURS OF CONSTRUCTION AND
AT ALL OTHER TIMES ACCORDING TO THE METHODS INDICATED IN THESEDRAWINGS AND
a. THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT.
b. PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION STANDARD DRAWINGS.c. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 212, OFFICIAL TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES.
d. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 408, SPECIFICATIONS, _____. (Insert Contract Edition)
e. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 111M, TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNING STANDARDS – TC-8600 AND TC-8700 SERIES.
f. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 236M, HANDBOOK OF APPROVED SIGNS.
g. PENNDOT PUBLICATION 35, APPROVED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(BULLETIN 15).
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 53/208
4-5
Oct 201
3. IMMEDIATELY UPON COMPLETION OF WORK, ALL TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES
WILL BE REMOVED BY THE CONTRACTOR AND REMAIN THE CONTRACTOR’SPROPERTY UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF
THE CONTRACT. THE PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION WILL REMOVE
ANY TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES ERECTED BY PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKECOMMISSION PERSONNEL.
4. HAVE ALL TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES IN PLACE FOR INSPECTION BY THE
PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION AND THE
PENNSYLVANIADEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LOCAL DISTRICT OFFICEOR THEIR REPRESENTATIVE BEFORE WORK BEGINS.
5. REMOVE EXISTING WARNING, REGULATORY, GUIDE, AND DIRECTIONAL SIGNS
AS REQUIRED TO ACCOMMODATE CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS. DO NOTREMOVE STOP OR YIELD SIGNS UNLESS AN ALTERNATE TYPE OF TRAFFIC
CONTROL IS PROVIDED, SUCH AS FLAGGERS, TEMPORARY TRAFFIC SIGNALS,
ETC. CONTINUE THE ALTERNATE TRAFFIC CONTROL UNTIL THE STOP OR
YIELD SIGNS ARE REPLACED. STAKE OR MARK SIGN LOCATIONS OR LOCATESIGNS ON CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS BEFORE REMOVING ANY SIGNS. MARK
SIGNS WITH THE MILEPOST OR STATION OF ITS EXISTING LOCATION. WITH
THE EXCEPTION OF STOP OR YIELD SIGNS AS HEREIN NOTED, REINSTALLEXISTING WARNING, REGULATORY, GUIDE AND DIRECTIONAL SIGNS AT
APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS AS SOON AS OPERATIONS THAT INTERFERE WITH
THE SIGNS ARE COMPLETE. THE CONTRACTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SIGNS OR SUPPORTS DAMAGED OR LOST.
6. COVER EXISTING SIGNS AND TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS THAT CONFLICT WITH
THE TRAFFIC CONTROL PLAN (TCP) OR THAT DO NOT APPLY TO EXISTINGCONDITIONS. COVER WITH RUBBER ROOFING MATERIAL (EPDM) HAVING A
THICKNESS OF 1.1 MM (O.045 INCH) OR ANY OTHER APPROVED MATERIAL, TO
COVER THE ENTIRE SIGN. BURLAP OR SIMILAR OPEN MESH MATERIALS AREUNACCEPTABLE. STABILIZE AND FASTEN THIS MATERIAL TO THE SIGN WITH
EITHER PLASTIC OR WOOD TO PREVENT ANY MOVEMENT. DO NOT APPLY
TAPE TO THE FACE OF THE SIGN. DO NOT DEFACE OR DAMAGE THE SIGN
FACE USING THIS PROCEDURE. MAINTAIN SIGN COVER RETAINERS IN GOODCONDITION. REMOVE SIGNS NOT REQUIRED OR NOT USED FOR A PERIOD OF
TWO WEEKS. STORE SIGNS OFF THE TURNPIKE RIGHT-OF-WAY UNTIL
REQUIRED ON THE PROJECT.7. INSTALL AND MAINTAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS AND DEVICES THAT ARE IN
NEW CONDITION THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF THE PROJECT. ANY
DAMAGE INCURRED WILL BE IMMEDIATELY REPAIRED OR REPLACED BY THECONTRACTOR TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE REPRESENTATIVE.
8. THESE PLANS ARE NOT INTENDED TO RELIEVE THE CONTRACTOR OF HIS
RESPONSIBILITY AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 901.3(A). THE STANDARDS
PRESCRIBED ARE MINIMUM AND ADDITIONAL MEASURES MAY BE NEEDED IFPROBLEMS ARE ENCOUNTERED DURING THE CONTRACT. CONSTANTLY
REVIEW THIS PLAN FOR ADEQUACY AND RECOMMEND CHANGES FOR THE
REPRESENTATIVE’S APPROVAL WHEN INADEQUACIES ARE DISCOVERED.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 54/208
4-6
Oct 2011
9. MAINTAIN CONSTANT SURVEILLANCE OF THE TRAFFIC CONTROL
OPERATION AND REPLACE OR CORRECT ANY MISSING, DAMAGED,
INEFFECTIVE, OR MISALIGNED EQUIPMENT TO THE SATISFACTION OFTHE REPRESENTATIVE.
10. USE THE SAME TYPE OF PENNDOT APPROVED CHANNELIZING DEVICE
THROUGHOUT THE PROJECT. CHANNELIZING DEVICES ARE TO BE VERTICALPANELS WITH SELF-BALLASTING BASES UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED. THE
ENTIRE FACE OF THE VERTICAL PANEL VISIBLE TO TRAFFIC IS TO BE
REFLECTORIZED.
11. PROVIDE SIGNS WITH PENNDOT APPROVED TYPE VII REFLECTORIZEDMATERIAL.
12. POST MOUNT ALL LONG TERM ADVANCE SIGNING UNLESS OTHERWISE
NOTED OR AS DIRECTED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE.13. SIGN LOCATIONS AND DISTANCES MAY BE ADJUSTED SLIGHTLY TO FIT FIELD
CONDITIONS.
14. ALL TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNS AND DEVICES MUST COMPLY WITH THE MOST
CURRENT NCHRP 350 CRITERIA.15. PROVIDE SUFFICIENT TYPE III BARRICADES TO COMPLETELY CLOSE
ROADWAY DURING CONSTRUCTION.
16. PROVIDE SUFFICIENT CONCRETE BARRIER TO COMPLETELY CLOSEROADWAY NEAR THE STRUCTURE DURING CONSTRUCTION.
17. REMOVE ALL CONFLICTING PAVEMENT MARKINGS PER SECTION 963 AND AS
APPROVED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE. REPLACE PAVEMENT MARKINGS UPONCOMPLETION OF THE PROJECT.
18. PROVIDE ALL REQUIRED TEMPORARY MARKINGS AS SHOWN ON THE
DRAWINGS AND AS DIRECTED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE. REMOVE ALLTEMPORARY PAVEMENT MARKINGS WHEN THEY ARE NO LONGER REQUIRED
AND AS DIRECTED BY THE REPRESENTATIVE BY METHODS THAT WILL CAUSE
THE LEAST DAMAGE TO PAVEMENT STRUCTURE OR PAVEMENT SURFACE.19. COORDINATE A PRESS RELEASE WITH PENNDOT DISTRICT COMMUNITY
RELATIONS COORDINATOR AND A PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION
REPRESENTATIVE AT LEAST FOUR (4) WEEKS PRIOR TO THE START OF WORK
AND/OR THE START OF A NEW CONSTRUCTION STAGE.20. NOTIFY AT LEAST TWO (2) WEEKS PRIOR TO THE START OF WORK AND/OR
THE START OF A NEW CONSTRUCTION STAGE THE FOLLOWING - PENNDOT,
TOWNSHIP SUPERVISORS, LOCAL EMERGENCY UNITS (POLICE, FIRE,MEDICAL, ETC), SCHOOL DISTRICT, LOCAL BUSINESSES, AND LOCAL MEDIA
OR OTHERS AS AGREED UPON BY THE REPRESENTATIVE.
21. PROVIDE FLAGGERS AS REQUIRED TO DIRECT AND CONTROL TRAFFIC ATANY CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE ENTRANCE TO WORK AREAS FROM ANY
PUBLIC ROADWAY.
22. MAINTAIN ACCESS TO ADJACENT PROPERTIES AT ALL TIMES AT EXISTING
DRIVEWAY ACCESS POINTS. RELOCATE MAILBOXES AS NECESSARYTHROUGHOUT CONSTRUCTION. MAINTAIN ACCESS TO FIRE HYDRANTS AND
UTILITIES.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 55/208
4-7
Oct 201
4.2 Temporary Pavement
For temporary paving of existing medians, shoulders, and/or temporary widening, see
Chapter 9.
4.3 Temporary Emergency Pull-offs (EPOs)
EPOs are to be located at approximately one-mile increments per direction. A Service
Plaza and Interchange can be considered as an EPO. Access gates, maintenance shedsand construction entrances/exits can not be considered as an EPO.
The Consultant must field view the project for locations of temporary EPOs and proceed as follows:
• Generate a list of existing wide-area locations and provide this list to the project
manager for inclusion as an attachment to the contract.• If the EPOs can be built on the existing grade without extensive grading and/or
excavation, the design plans will not specify
• If significant grading and/or excavation is required for the construction of the
the locations of the EPOs.
EPOs, the designer will specify the locations of the EPOs on the plans and cross-sections and tab each EPO individually.
4.4 Detours
Coordinate proposed detours with PennDOT and applicable municipalities. For
appropriate detour signing of numbered and un-numbered traffic routes, refer to
PennDOT Publication 212, Official Traffic Control Devices; PennDOT Publication 213,Work Zone Traffic Control Guidelines; PennDOT Publication 236M, Handbook of
Approved Signs; and the MUTCD.
See Figures 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 for examples of detour signing.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 56/208
4-8
Oct 2011
Figure 4.4.1
Figure 4.4.2
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 57/208
4-9
Oct 201
See Figure 4.4.3 for an example of a project specific sign and a sign tabulation.
Figure 4.4.3
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 58/208
4-10
Oct 2011
4.5 Temporary Concrete Barrier
Include the painting and repainting of the temporary concrete barrier during construction
in the temporary pavement marking quantities with the unit of measurement to be linear
foot.
The use of slotted temporary concrete barrier may be required to convey water into the
work area to meet the positive drainage criteria during staging including but not limited
to the high side of super, sags, existing roadway with poor drainage, etc.
Pinning of the temporary concrete barrier may be required if the project involves traffic
running adjacent to the temporary concrete barrier. A list of the location(s) for pinningthe temporary concrete barrier is to be included as an attachment to the contract.
Taper temporary concrete barrier on the shoulder so that any temporary impact attenuator
is a minimum of 2 feet off the edge line.
4.6 Guide Rail
Additional quantities of guide rail are to be provided for the replacement of final guide
rail damaged in the construction zone. Additional quantities will include 50% of total
panel length and 20% of total posts and offset brackets.
4.7 Temporary Major Guide and Overhead Signs
Existing Major Guide and Overhead Signs are to be maintained or relocated as necessary
during construction. Overhead Signs may be relocated as a ground mount Type A or
Type E signs.
The need and the project specifics for the temporary Major Guide and Overhead Signs is
to be included in the Maintenance and Protection of Traffic specification in the
Construction, B section.
Payment for temporary Major Guide or Overhead Signs are to be incidental to the
maintenance and protection of traffic.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 59/208
5-1
Oct 2011
Chapter 5 – STRUCTURAL DESIGN
5.0 Introduction
The intent of this section is to clarify the Commission’s requirements for submission of type, size, and location studies, and for the design and detailing of bridge structures. In
general, design specifications are in accordance with AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications and PennDOT Design Manual Part 4, except where superseded by
requirements stated herein or as directed.
5.1 TS&L Submission
A. TS&L Submission Requirements
The Commission will provide direction if a Streamlined TS&L submission is to
be employed.
Also, identify problem areas so that there are no surprises at the final plan
submission. If problems or questions arise after approval of the TS&L Plan, theseissues should be brought to the immediate attention of the Commission.
Quality Assurance (QA) Forms (per Design Manual Part 4, PP 1.9.3.3.1(f)) areonly required for structures that will be transferred to PennDOT ownership
Design runs (input and output files) from PennDOT computer programs may be provided electronically on DVD or compact disc; however, hard copy of full input
echoes and rating summaries are to be included in the submission. Jackets for all
discs are to be bound in the report (no loose discs).
The TS&L Plan for retaining walls, culverts and other buried structures will not
be approved until a foundation recommendation and report is submitted.
For structures over waterways or carrying waterways, the TS&L Plan will not be
approved until a Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report has been submitted and
approved.
B. TS&L Plans
In addition to the requirements of PennDOT DM-4, the following information is
to be the minimum shown on all TS&L drawings submitted to the Commission.
The scale for the plan and elevation will be no less than 1" = 30'. The submission
may consist of more than one drawing. A Key Plan is to be provided if theGeneral Plan and Elevation does not fit on one sheet.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 60/208
5-2
Oct 2011
1. Plan View
a. All existing topography. Label features being crossed. b. North arrow.
c. Points of controlling vertical clearances.
d.
Station at each centerline of bearing.e. Proper lengths of wingwalls shown to scale and dimensioned.
f. Limits of approach slabs, if required.
g. Limits of slope protection and scour protection.
h. Proposed roadway items and right-of-way lines within the limits of the plan view.
i. Existing utilities and, if available, new and relocated utility lines.
j. Existing and proposed lighting, sound barriers and signs.k. Existing streams and wetlands.
l. Approximate location of anticipated temporary shoring.
m. Proposed lane and shoulder widths on bridge and for roadways under
bridge (existing and future proposals).n. Equality stations for intersection of mainline Baseline and side road
Baseline.
2. Elevation View
a. Centerline of bearing station and profile grade at each substitute unit.
b. Location of proposed field splices.c. Type of slope protection and type of scour protection.
d. Width and elevation of the bench in the abutment fill slope.
e. Protective fence, light poles, sound walls, and structure mounted signs,if required.
f. Normal pool elevations and the high water elevations (for 100-year
flood and record floods) for structures over waterways.g. Identify lane and shoulder widths either by labels or illustrating
pavement structures for underlying roadways.
h. Existing utilities and, if available, new and relocated utility lines,
including aerial lines.i. Anticipated footing types, spread or piles, etc. and estimated bottom of
footing elevation.
3. Typical Cross-section
a. Protective fence, light poles and sound barriers if required.
b. Electrical and fiber optic conduits, if required. See Mainline StructuresSection for details.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 61/208
5-3
Oct 2011
4. Additional Information to be Provided on TS&L Drawings
a. Proposed nonstandard details. b. All applicable general notes for the type of structure proposed for final
design. Refer to PennDOT Design Manual Part 4, for a listing of common
general notes. Add special notes or revise the common general notes tomeet special conditions on individual projects.
c. Typical sections indicating a future redecking scheme, if required.
d. Typical sections and, if necessary, plan views indicating the construction
stages for bridges that are to be built using staged construction.e. For projects with a four-lane typical section and wide median, show the
future condition for the six-lane typical section with future beam spacing.
f. Conceptual details for temporary support or underpinning of a structure.g. Live load rating summary.
h. Superelevation transition rate and profile of gutter lines to assure that there
are no sag points on the bridge or along the wing walls, if applicable.
5. Early Action Contracts (Overhead Bridges)
a. On the TS&L drawings show the proposed structure spanning the existingmainline configuration, i.e., four travel lanes with 10-foot median. Show
contouring, finished ground lines, drainage, guiderail/barrier and other
proposed features for the interim condition with normal line weight and
type. Show contouring, finished ground lines and guiderail/barrier for thefuture condition for the proposed mainline reconstruction with an alternate
broken line type and line weight. Show proposed/future lane shoulder
configuration and width.
b. On the TS&L drawings, indicate the horizontal and vertical geometry of the mainline for both existing and future conditions.
c. Adjacent box beam superstructures will not be allowed for any overhead bridges and should not be studied.
d. Provisions for electrical conduit shall be reviewed on an individual basis
with the project manager.
6. Bridge Rehabilitation Projects (include the following on the TS&L drawings)
a. Age of the existing structure and dates of past rehabilitation, present and cumulative ADTT, portion of existing structure to be replaced, type of
existing steel for steel structures, date of last inspection, type of existingdiaphragm connections (e.g. welded, riveted, or bolted), type and locationof deterioration for both the superstructure and substructure, deck
drainage, expansion dam type, parapet type, and other pertinent items.
b. Live load ratings for existing structural members before and after proposed strengthening. Live load ratings of existing members are to be
calculated using the dead and live loads proposed for the rehabilitated
structure.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 62/208
5-4
Oct 2011
c. Proposed methods for rehabilitating and strengthening deteriorated and
deficient structural members in both the superstructure and substructure.
d. Recommendations for resetting expansion bearings, if required.e. Recommendations for retrofitting fatigue-prone and seismic-prone details.
f. Typical sections and, if necessary, plan views indicating the proposed
method of accomplishing the rehabilitation while maintaining traffic onand under the structure.
5.2 Mainline Structures (Carrying Mainline Traffic)
A. Approach Slabs
1. Depress approach slabs five inches and overlay with three inches of bituminous binder course and two inches of bituminous wearing course or as
directed. Do not reduce approach slab thickness, maintain in accordance with
current PennDOT standard drawings.
2. Extend approach slab width across travel lanes and the right shoulder with aminimum length of 25 feet measured along the shortest side of the skewed
angle (see Standard Drawing PTS-111).
3. Do not extend the approach slab across the left shoulder or median.4. Provide inlets in the shoulders and median on the low side of mainline
bridges. Provide inlets in the median on the high side. Inlets in the right
shoulder are to be placed at the end of the approach slab with curbingextending from the wing wall or safety to the inlet.
B. Substructure
1. Abutments for dual mainline structures should be continuous for the full out-
to-out width of the combined superstructures. Show the locations of theconstruction and expansion joints.
2. Provide an architectural treatment on mainline structures only as directed by
the Commission and in accordance with PTC standard details.
3. Provide slope protection in front of stub and mid-height abutments. UseRandom Stone Scope for mainline structures over waterways and railroads.
Use Articulating Cellular Concrete Block for mainline structures over roads.
4. Locate a new benchmark disc on top of the abutment, wing wall or safety wallat the northeast corner of all mainline bridges. Show location on plan sheet.
5. Do not provide bearing pedestals on the substructure units. Slope or step the
bridge seat from bearing area to bearing area.6. Provide cheek wall at end of pier caps to hide bearings.
C. Superstructure:
1. Design separate superstructure or dual structures for each direction of traffic.
2. Weathering steel should be considered in accordance with PennDOT Design
Manual Part 4.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 63/208
5-5
Oct 2011
3. The cross-slope on the water table should be consistent with the roadway
typical section. Use 40% on the right water table in a normal section.
4. Use a maximum beam spacing of 8’-6” unless otherwise approved by the PTCBridge Engineering Manager.
5. Provide uniform beam spacing on all superstructures unless otherwise
approved by the PTC Bridge Engineering Manager.6. Specify white cement concrete to be used in all structure barriers or if
directed, call for the barriers to be coated with a pure white, anti-graffiti paint.
7. Provide HPC (High Performance Concrete) for all bridge decks. Do not
specify deck surface treatments (i.e., boiled linseed oil) for exposed deck surface.
8. Provide a 4-inch nominal diameter multi-cell galvanized steel conduit with
factory installed inner-ducts (four (4) inner-ducts each having an insidediameter that matches the inside diameter of the 1-1/4” HDPE conduit) below
deck in accordance with PTC ITS Standard Drawings (PTS-355), and no
conduit in the parapets. The exception to this will be bridges at interchanges,
where a 2” conduit in the outside parapets is to be provided for potentiallighting or other electrical needs .
5.3 Overhead Structures (Carrying Facilities Over Mainline)
A. Approach Slabs
1. For structures carrying state routes, follow PennDOT guidelines to determine
if an approach slab is warranted and verify with the PennDOT District Office
to see if the approach slab is desired. Do not provide approach slabs for bridges carrying Township roadways, unless approved by the PTC Bridge
Engineering Manager.
2. Do not depress the approach slab unless directed by the PTC BridgeEngineering Manager.
3. Provide inlets in the shoulder on the low side and high side of overhead
bridges. Locate the inlets at the end of the approach slab if present and
provide curbing extending from the wing wall or safety wing to the inlet.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 64/208
5-6
Oct 2011
B. Substructure
1. Typically, provide a 14-foot shoulder from the edge of Turnpike travel lane tothe face of the abutment for full height abutments and 12-foot shoulder from
the edge of Turnpike travel to the curb for stub or semi-height abutments.
(Early coordination with the PennDOT District office on offset measurementis required) Provide abutment transition pieces in accordance with PTS-145
for full height abutments or place single-face barriers in front of the full height
abutments as directed by the PTC.
2. Provide slope protection between the abutment and the mainline shoulder for stub and partial-height abutments. Use articulating cellular concrete block for
all overhead structures with a concrete curb at the edge of the shoulder.
3. Provide an architectural surface treatment on all overhead bridges, unlessdirected otherwise by the PTC. This treatment should be consistent throughout
the project corridor. Treatment on the pier should only extend down to the top
of the median barrier. If a reconstruction job changes the mainline Turnpike
profile consideration should be given to treatment at the top of barrier.Portion of the pier from top of barrier to grade should be exposed concrete.
No Anti-Graffiti coating to be applied.
4. Do not provide bearing pedestals on the substructure units. Step or slope bridge seat from bearing area to bearing area.
5. Provide 6” cheek wall at end of pier caps to hide bearings.
6. For piers within the 10' existing median (interim condition), provide aminimum of 3'-6" clear from the edge of the lane to the face of the pier.
7. For piers within the 10' existing median (interim condition), do not permit pier
cap to extend more than two inches beyond the face of the stem when the pier cap is within the 16'-0" vertical clearance envelope.
8. For piers within the 10' existing median (interim condition), transition CMB
to the faces of the pier and extend SFB the length of the pier on each side.9. For median piers (final condition), transition Concrete Glare Screen to both
ends of the pier with a pier transition piece, PTS-147.
C. Superstructure
1. Provide a minimum vertical clearance of 16'-0" over all travel lanes, shoulders
and traversable areas. Exemptions may be given by the PTC for specificsituations where this clearance cannot realistically be achieved over all points.
At a minimum, 16'-0" vertical clearance must be achieved over one lane in
each direction of traffic.2. Do not use weathering steel for structures over the mainline.
3. Adjacent box beam superstructures will not be allowed on any overhead
bridges because of the longer construction time to set beams.
4. Future redecking schemes (staged or detour) should be considered for beam/girder arrangements. Use beam spacing of 8'-6" (maximum) where
possible.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 65/208
5-7
Oct 2011
5. Provide protective fencing for full length of structure on both exterior barriers
for all structures except on interchange ramp bridges. Anti-climb shields will
not be used on PTC owned Bridges. Verify with the PennDOT DistrictOffice if Anti-climb shields are warranted. Do not extend fencing onto wing
walls, unless directed.
6.
Use precast structure-mounted median barrier if a median barrier is required on PTC structures.
D. Early Action Bridge Contracts
1. Two (2) General Plan and Elevation sheets should be prepared. The first will
not show the future mainline lanes. The second should show the future
mainline lanes and clearly state that the sheet is only provided to depicthorizontal and vertical clearances for alternate bids.
Note: The ownership of overhead structures carrying state routes
(S.R’s) over the mainline will be transferred to PennDOTupon replacement. Therefore, coordination with the appropriate
PennDOT district throughout the design process is required.
5.4 General Structure Guidelines
A. Substructure
1. Stub or mid-height abutments are preferred. Full height abutments may be
used if required to attain minimum vertical clearance or to accommodate other site restrictions.
2. Integral abutments may be considered where favorable geological conditions
exist and the necessary bridge geometry requirements can be met. Complywith the requirements in PennDOT DM4, Appendix G, and standard drawings
BD-667M. Constructability should be considered in accommodating
construction staging, future widening and future redecking, when applicable.
3. Using 11/2:1 slopes in front of stub or mid-height abutments, in conjunctionwith articulating cellular concrete block slope protection, is permissible to
minimize span lengths.
4. Use same wing wall type and orientation for all wings on a particular structure. Unless there is a significant cost savings or site needs to utilize
different types. Differing wing wall types are subject to the approval of the
PTC Bridge Engineering Manager.5. Design the height of flared wingwalls to provide a 12" clear dimension
between the top of the wing wall and finished grade on the back of the wing
wall.
6. Provide either flowable backfill or geogrid reinforced backfill for mainline bridges and PTC owned overhead bridges. Use current PTC standard
drawings for details and pay limits. Use backfill in accordance with
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 66/208
5-8
Oct 2011
PennDOT standard drawings for all overhead bridges to be owned by
PennDOT.
7. For multi-span overhead bridges, use a wall type pier for all piers. Pierslocated within the median are restricted to a maximum wall width of 3'-0".
Provide a pier cap with a maximum width of 3'-4” on all piers. The pier cap is
to be a minimum height of 2'-0". The ends of all pier walls and caps are to berounded. Exceptions will only be made for special site conditions or where
bridge vertical clearance is greater than 25 feet. In these special cases other
pier types (i.e. hammerhead, multi-column, etc.) can be considered with
approval of the PTC Bridge Engineering Manager.8. Submit details and basic dimensions for the proposed pier type to the PTC
Bridge Engineering Manager for approval prior to starting the pier design and
detailing. This information should be included as part of the TS&L and foundation submissions.
9. Minimum concrete cover over the steel reinforcement on all substructure units
with architectural surface treatment will be measured to the point of maximum
relief of the formliner.10. Provide a two foot minimum to four-foot maximum flat bench in front of stub
and mid-height abutments for future maintenance and inspection needs.
11. The bottom of footing elevations near streams is to be determined using thecriteria in DM 4.
12. Consider Design Manual 4, Foundation Special Considerations.
13. For foundations in a river environment, spread footings on soil are onlyallowed with PTC approval.
14. For spread footings on soil, perform a minimum lab testing of one
classification series and one direct or triaxle shear for each footing. Perform aminimum of one consolidation test for saturated clay below each footing.
Perform a minimum of one corrosion series test for each structure.
15. For pile and drilled shaft foundations, provide applicable information listed inDM 4.
16. Prepare a Foundation Report for each structure. The report will be a
standalone document and not part of the Preliminary Geotechnical
Engineering Report as indicated in DM 4.17. 50 ksi steel H-piles may be designed for axial capacity using a steel yield
stress of 50 ksi. Special consideration should be given to quality of the rock
bearing stratum and pile driving requirements to achieve the proper designload/refusal without damage to the pile. For overhead bridges carrying state-
owned roadways, generally use 36 ksi for pile designs. Verify the design
criteria with the PennDOT District.18. When calculating the bearing capacity of rock using q ultimate for an
equivalent soil mass, choose a resistance factor, 0.35-0.55, based on rock
quality and expected performance. (Consider rock RQO [%] and RMR
method for determining how the rock will be modeled for bearing resistancecomputations.)
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 67/208
5-9
Oct 2011
19. When selecting a friction angle for soil, referencing Foundation Analysis and
Design by Joseph E. Bowles or older versions of Design Manual 4 is
acceptable.20. For replacement of existing structures on the same alignment, it may be
beneficial, if feasible; to have one of the proposed structure borings taken
through the existing footing (to determine as-built BFE) and one boring takenoutside the existing foundation footprint (to determine a more accurate top of
bedrock profile). Existing footings keyed 2' to 3' into rock may yield overly
conservative proposed BFE’s if only taken through existing footings.
21. Follow DM 4, for locating the bottom of footings impacted by scour requirements.
22. Design substructure units with provisions for future jacking for bearing
replacement and/or bearing reset. The preference is to widen the beam seat,or provide a jacking shelf for shallow bearings, to accommodate the jacks.
23. Provide the notes and details for anchor bolt installation as shown on BD-
613M, sheet 14 of 15.
24. Concrete bearing pedestal walls used with precast concrete arches will belimited to 3’ in height.
B. Superstructure
1. Eliminate deck joints as much as possible. Use concrete end diaphragms
instead of backwalls where calculations permit. For multi-span bridges, makesuperstructure continuous over the piers.
2. When staged construction results in placing a deck slab on a portion of a
structure adjacent to a previously placed portion, the difference in deflectiondue to dead load must be less than three inches. Because of web layover,
curved and skewed structures require a suggested construction procedure.
3. Minimize or eliminate entirely the number of scuppers on the bridge deck butdo not allow water to spread into the travel lane. Size and space roadway
inlets off the structure to collect all runoff. Place scuppers before tooth and
modular expansion dams, if necessary.
4. For beam rehabilitation designs, achieve an inventory rating factor of 1.0 or greater for the H-20, HS-25, ML-80 and TK-527 vehicles and an operating
rating factor of 1.0 or greater for the P-82 vehicle. This requirement may be
waived by the bridge engineering manager if it results in larger or additional beams. Use the PHL-93 vehicle for all new beam designs.
5. In lieu of moment and shear diagrams for PTC owned structures, provide on
the contract plans unfactored shear and moment values at tenth points for continuous girders; or the maximum values and splice point values for simple
spans. Include the values as indicated in DM 4. Also include a table of
reactions for dead load, superimposed dead load and positive and negative live
load plus impact without load factors applied.6. Provide load ratings on the design plan for all new bridges in accordance with
PennDOT DM 4
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 68/208
5-10
Oct 2011
7. Provide on the contract plans composite and non-composite section properties
at each resisting section.
8. Properly detail the expansion slots in the sole plates of elastomeric bearings toaccount for the longitudinal movement due to end rotation of beams caused by
camber.
9.
The use of stone slopes within 50’ of the abutment will be prohibited. Aminimum of 50’ of bituminous curbing will be placed at each quadrant to
allow grass slopes to stabilize.
C. Drainage
1. Place inlets beyond ends of approach slabs. Do not place within approach
slab. Provide curbing from the bridge parapet to the inlets. For long U-wings, place inlets at end of wingwalls.
2. Provide a minimum of 50' of bituminous or concrete curbing extending out
the front end of the wing wall or safety wing wall at all four corners of the
bridge, unless there is an inlet, in which case the curbing is to terminate at theinlet.
D. Retaining Walls
1. Single-face barrier is required in front of all retaining walls located at the edge
of mainline shoulder. Place barrier directly against retaining wall with no gap between. In the alternatives analysis for retaining walls, several factors
should be considered. Engineering judgment should be applied and presented
by the designer to the PTC Project Manager. If an MSE wall is to be used,then provide a moment slab underneath the shoulder with an integral single
face barrier to accommodate any impact. If a post and plank wall is to be used,
then no moment slab is required. See the PTC Project Manager or BridgeEngineering Manager if further clarification is needed.
2. Provide architectural treatment on all retaining walls visible from mainline
and on other retaining walls at the direction of the PTC. This treatment
should be consistent throughout the project corridor.3. The design consultant should prepare a design that will be bid as an either/or
item as follows:
Either:
Retaining Wall, EB-XXX – As Designed
Or:
Retaining Wall, EB-XXX – Contractor Alternate
This either/or item will require a project specific specification.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 69/208
5-11
Oct 2011
E. Sound Barriers
1. Use steel posts for all sound barriers located at edge of mainline shoulder.2. All steel posts are to be galvanized and then powder coated or painted.
3. Single-face barrier is required in front of all sound barriers located at edge of
mainline shoulder (see Figure 5.7.1). Place barrier directly against sound barrier. The sound barrier should not be designed for impact.
4. Provide architectural treatment to the sound barrier panels as per the direction
of the PTC. This treatment should be consistent throughout the project
corridor. The Turnpike side of the sound wall will utilize formliners and theresident side will be pressed.
5. For Commission owned structures, a 20-foot high (including the barrier
height) sound barrier may be constructed across the superstructure. If theheight of the barrier adjacent to the bridge cannot be maintained, the variation
must be approved by the PTC Project Manager.
6. For Commission owned structures, the panel length shall not exceed 12 feet.
F. Soldier Pile/Post and Plank Walls (Non-Anchored)
1. The preferred design method should be in accordance with DM-4 using theLRFD discrete method of design. Alternate methods may be considered if
project site conditions dictate, subject to approval by the PTC Bridge
Engineering Manager.2. When deflection controls design of steel post, limit deflection to 1”.
3. Caissons are to be designed (diameter and length) using COM 624P or similar
program.4. Caissons are not to be reinforced.
5. Wall friction angle (delta) is 0 degrees when calculating passive pressure.
6. Multiple Ka values can be used to help reduce the active earth pressure.7. An increased phi value can be used (reduced Ka) for rock.
G. Sign Structures
1. Use monopipe sign structures for all mainline sign structures in accordance
with PTC standard drawings. A test bore should be drilled at the foundation
location. Pay the foundations for these structures as individual items, i.e.Class 3 Excavation, Class A Cement Concrete, Reinforcement Bars,
Temporary Shoring, etc. Do not pay as incidental to the sign structure.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 70/208
5-12
Oct 2011
H. General
1. Provide an anti-graffiti coating on all exposed concrete surfaces without
architectural surface treatment, except for the bridge deck surface, abutment
backwalls and bearing seats. The colors will be provided by the Commissionon a case by case basis. Coated areas include abutments, wingwalls, piers, all
faces of the bridge parapet and the outside face of P/S concrete fascia beams.
Do not place coating on the top and inside surfaces of the bridge parapets for
overhead structures carrying, state owned roadways. Boiled linseed oil will be applied to those areas, as well as across the deck.
2. Bid items for alternate structure designs will generally be utilized for both
overhead and mainline structures. Only one alternate structure will be used,consisting of a different material type than the designed structure (i.e. if steel
is designed only P/S will be allowed as an alternate.)
3. Provide separate pay item, with special provision, for jacking of the
superstructure after deck placement in order to relieve stresses in elastomeric pads.
4. For highly skewed structures investigate improving the skew to 70° or greater
to improve performance. The ability to improve the skew is likely moreattainable on mainline structures than for overheads which may be governed
by the alignment of the median pier.
5. Detail highway lighting components to eliminate the need for structuremounted poles. Any proposed structure mounted lighting must be approved by
the Bridge Engineering Manager.
6. For curbed and skewed structures indicate if the structure is to be plumb aterecting or plumb under the full dead load existing at the end of construction,
which is preferred. Provide on the contract plans the anticipated differential
lateral deflection and resulting lateral rotation. For staged construction provide a suggested procedure for connecting diaphragms and constructing
the deck slab. Do not use concrete end diaphragms for these structures.
I. Software
1. For abutment, wall, pier, and culvert design and analysis on structures where
ownership will be transferred to PennDOT, use the current ABLRFD,PAPIER, and/or BXLRFD programs. For vertical pile lateral resistance, use
COM 624P computer program (Wang & Reese, 1993).
2. For PTC owned structures, other design/analysis programs are acceptable,contingent on approval by the PTC Bridge Engineering Manager (i.e.,
GStab17, LPile, FBPier, etc.).
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 71/208
5-13
Oct 2011
FIGURE 5.7.1
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 72/208
6-1
Oct 201
Chapter 6 – RIGHT-OF-WAY
6.0 Introduction
There are numerous factors that contribute to affecting private property that occur within
a design project. This chapter presents the guidelines required to prepare the associated plans depicting these affected properties. All plans are to be prepared in accordance with
PennDOT Publication 14M, Design Manual Part 3 – Highway Plans Presentations,
PennDOT Publication 16M, Design Manual Part 5, Utility Relocation, and as directed bythe Commission.
6.1 Reestablishing Turnpike Right-of-Way Baselines – ‘Best-Fit’
A. History
• The “Original” part of the Pennsylvania Turnpike was built utilizing portions
of the old Southern Pennsylvania Railroad and Mining Company (South Penn)right-of-way from Irwin, Pennsylvania (Turnpike milepost 67) to Carlisle, PA
(Turnpike milepost 226). Through most of this section of Turnpike no
permanent baseline reference monuments were set. Baselines were staked inthe field, and the only references set were hubs and tacks or nails/tacks in
trees, all long gone. The only exception to this was the construction of
massive eight-foot (8’) square-topped stone pillar tower monuments (sometwelve feet high) the South Penn Railroad built at the breaks in grade over the
tunnels, upon which surveyors could set-up their instruments. With no
permanent monuments being set to perpetuate the location of most of theTurnpike’s Centerline, the highway itself (the original 24-foot wide concrete
cart ways underneath the bituminous pavement, the bridges, storm water structures, and the concrete median barrier occupying the middle of the ten-foot (10’) wide medial strip) is the monument. The Right-of-Way Centerline
utilized “simple” curve geometry. The “Construction Centerline” in spiraled
high degree-of-curve areas was offset (throw “p” distance) and was spiraled
utilizing a peculiar “approximation” of a spiraled curve (not a realmathematical spiral) unique to the Pennsylvania Turnpike. As
reestablishment of the Right-of-Way Centerline requires the physical location
of the Construction Centerline’s monument (the highway) and then applyingthe offset distances between the two centerlines, a copy of the “Standard
Turnpike Spiraling Method” can be obtained from the Turnpike Project
Manager, and should be utilized for spiraled curves between mileposts 67 and 226. Generally, the precision ratio for “Original Turnpike” surveys was
between 1:1500 and 1:2000. The methodology for reestablishing a “best-fit”
of the Right-of-Way Centerline is presented below under “Original Turnpike –
Best Fit”.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 73/208
6-2
Oct 2011
• After completion of the Original Turnpike, the “Philadelphia Extension”(Carlisle to Valley Forge, milepost 226 to milepost 326), the “Western
Extension” (Ohio State Line to Irwin, milepost 0 to milepost 67), the“Delaware River Extension” (Valley Forge to the New Jersey State Line,
milepost 326 to 359), and finally, the “Northeast Extension” (Norristown toClarks Summit, milepost A-20.0 through A-131) were constructed. ThePhiladelphia, Western, and Delaware River Extensions had a few sections
built without centerline reference monuments being set (and are to be treated
for the purpose of reestablishing the “best-fit” Right-of-Way Centerline as“Original Turnpike”), but for the Turnpike sections properly monumented, the
methodology for reestablishment should be in accordance the procedures
below under “Turnpike Extensions – Best-Fit”. The Northeast Extension was
fully-monumented (re-bars approximately forty inches (40”) long, some set inconcrete), with their surveys having precision ratios of 1:4000. Generally, the
precision ratio for the Philadelphia, and Western Extensions surveys was
1:2500. The Delaware River Extension’s surveys precision ratio averaged 1:3500. Reestablishment of the Right-of-Way Centerline will require
adjustments be made to accommodate technological advances in surveying
precision.
1. Original Section And Turnpike Extensions – Best Fit
- Because most of
the Original Turnpike had no Centerline reference monuments set, these
procedures are to be followed. In addition, on Turnpike Extensionswithout reference monuments, utilize Original Turnpike procedures:
i. On Original Sections of the Turnpike, the structures’ centerline by
centerline points (established from substructure working points) and location of the highway (the highway being the “monument”) shall
be utilized to precisely “set” the reestablished location of the originalright-of-way baseline. The “best-fit” centerline will be an
adjustment (modern precise surveying techniques) applied for
technological measuring advances. On Turnpike Extensions, theoriginal Right-of-Way baseline reference monuments (recovered and
positioned on the project datum) are based on the structures
centerline to centerline points (established from the substructure
working points).
ii. The centerline geometry shown on the 1990 mosaics will bestored as a figure in COGO as the Right-of-Way Centerline
No. 1. The coordinate geometry shown on the original
construction “as-built” plans will be stored as a figure inCOGO as the Right-of-Way Centerline No. 2. The two right-
of-way centerlines shall be rotated, translated, and compared
to one another for “fit”.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 74/208
6-3
Oct 201
Right-of-Way Centerlines 1 and 2 should match. Any discrepancies
between the two shall be reported to the Commission Project
Manager for referral to and resolution by Commission Right-of-Waystaff. The resulting resolution shall be called the “Right-of-Way
Centerline”. It is understood that the Right-of-Way Centerline is in
simple curve format (which may be either arc or chord definition, possibly both, if two or more construction sections span this project);
please verify.
ON the Northeast Extension ONLY, there are a few places where theLegal Right-of-Way Lines For Limited Access are “concentric with
and offset from” spiraled baselines. This is a “special” circumstance
and Commission right-of-way staff is to be consulted for “special” procedures to deal with these lines.
iii. The aerial photography centerline (the centerline of the median
barrier) will be supplied to Consultant in an ASCII coordinate file provided by the Commission. Curves derived from this file will reflect
as-built spiral curves. This file will be stored in COGO and a figure
derived by the “best-fit” command through tangents to establish PI’s.
iv. The Right-of-Way Centerline figure will be superimposed in COGO
upon the aerial photography centerline (ASCII file), tied at one end tothe ASCII file figure and rotated onto the ASCII file figure. The Right-
of-Way Centerline will be slid incrementally in COGO along the
ASCII file figure and through the referenced centerline points(established from structure centerline by centerline points, median
barrier ties, where available on the Original Sections; and established
from recovered original monuments and structure centerline bycenterline points on the Turnpike Extensions, where available.) until
the two centerlines match each other as closely as possible. When
comparing the Right-of-Way Centerline to the aerial photography
centerline, the simple curve to spiral association (utilizing the uniqueStandard Turnpike Spiraling Method) where applicable on the Original
Turnpike Sections) shall be considered. The objective is to hold as
much of the right-of-way geometry as possible, especially along thetangents, and to adjust the curves as required, generally holding the
radius, and applying the spiraled curves.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 75/208
6-4
Oct 2011
v. As a check for best-fit, offset distances will be computed between the
two lines by stations and offsets at 50-foot intervals. It is understood that differences of one (1) foot or less will generally be acceptable.
Areas of incongruity between the two centerlines that require the
introduction of any new PI’s will be reviewed with the Commission’sstaff prior to finalizing the best-fit centerline. The station and offset
comparisons and referenced field centerline tie comparisons will be
submitted to the Commission with a brief report on methodology,
problems encountered, and resulting procedures used to achieve the best-fit centerline. The Commission will review and approve the best-
fit line.
vi. The best-fit as-built centerline will become the basis for the re-
establishment of the existing Right-of-Way of the Turnpike for this
section of roadway. The existing right-of-way lines will be re-
established by using the breakpoints from the Right-of-Way mosaics(verified by deed) at the appropriate stations and offsets and tying
them to the best-fit centerline. The addition of station equations (best
fit as-built centerline) will be required to accomplish this tocompensate for the systematic errors created by earlier surveying
technology inadequacies, resulting in precision ratios of only 1:3000
(or less) on some original surveys. The right-of-way corners / right-of-way shift points between these station equation points on the best
fit as-built centerline shall have their positions’ stationing prorated to
adjust for the discrepancies created by the systematic early surveyingerrors. The corners’ offset distances from the baseline shall NOT be
prorated; they are to be HELD. Simple curve format will be used for
the establishment of right-of-way geometry. As a check,reestablished right-of-way lines and breakpoints will be compared
with existing right-of-way fence breakpoints and field-located
property corners added to the mapping on the aerial photography
wherever possible.
vii. At the limits of the project, the best-fit as-built centerline will be tied
to the nearest PI (located by field survey) outside the project’s actuallimits of work in order to facilitate geometric conformity in
matching adjacent projects.
viii. Station and offset ties between the approved best-fit as-built
centerline and the project’s new Right-of-Way - Construction
Baseline line will be shown on the final Right-of-Way / Geometry
Plans in no less than two places on each sheet (both edges).
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 76/208
6-5
Oct 201
ix. Prior to beginning the work necessary to establish the best-fit as-
built centerline, a meeting to review the above procedures will be
held with the Commission’s Right-of-Way staff.
6.2 Plan Requirements
A. Right-of-way – Mainline Only
The right-of-way plan set will consist of a title sheet Right-of-way/GeometryPlans and property plots for properties requiring perpetual easements and/or fee
simple acquisitions.
Mainline Right-of-way property plots will have Survey and Right-of-way
Baseline for the side road and a Survey and Right-of-way Baseline (which is the
proposed baseline) for the Turnpike mainline. Right-of-way acquisitions that
affect the side road right-of-way will be referenced off the Survey and Right-of-way Baseline for the side road. Right-of-way acquisitions that affect the Turnpike
mainline right-of-way will be referenced off the Survey and Right-of-way
Baseline (which is the proposed baseline) for the Turnpike. All references(plusses and offsets) are to be shown on the plan as measured perpendicular or
radial to the baseline from which they are referenced.
No separate plot will be prepared for properties requiring only Temporary
Construction Easements (TCE). These TCE impacts will be shown on the
Roadway Plans, which are to be submitted in conjunction with the plots as part of the Construction Plan set. Stations, offsets, and areas for TCE’s will be
referenced to the Survey and Construction Baseline and labeled on said Roadway
Plans. Metes and bounds are not required to be shown for TCE’s. The standard TCE note should be included on said Roadway Plan.
All perpetual easements and fee simple acquisitions will show only the lines
plotted and labeled accordingly.
B. Right-of-way – Early Action Bridges, Side Roads, Access Ramps accepting/
discharging traffic onto any public roads:
For Early Action Side Roads requiring right-of-way acquisitions, side-road
relocations, and access ramps discharging/accepting traffic onto/off public roads,a complete set of right-of-way plans are to be prepared in accordance with the
manuals listed above. The R/W plan set should mimic what is being
built/acquired for that job. Applicable Right-of-way/Geometry Plans should be
included in the right-of-way plan set.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 77/208
6-6
Oct 2011
Early Action Right-of-way plans will have Survey and Right-of-way Baseline for
the side road and the Original Right-of-way Baseline for the Turnpike. Right-of-
way acquisitions that affect the side road right-of-way will be referenced off theSurvey and Right-of-way Baseline for the side road. Right-of-way acquisitions
that affect the Turnpike mainline right-of-way will be referenced off the Original
Right-of-way Baseline for the Turnpike.
All references (plusses and offsets) are to be shown on the plan as measured
perpendicular or radial to the baseline from which they are referenced.
No separate plot will be prepared for properties requiring only Temporary
Construction Easements (TCE), unless a TCE goes to condemnation or the PM
requires it. These TCE impacts will be shown on the Roadway Plans, which areto be submitted in conjunction with the plots as part of the Construction Plan set.
Stations, offsets, and areas for TCE’s will be referenced to the Survey and
Construction Baseline and labeled on said Roadway Plans. Metes and bounds are
not required to be shown for TCE’s. The standard TCE note should be included on said Roadway Plan.
All perpetual easements and fee simple acquisitions will show only the lines plotted and labeled accordingly.
C. Title Sheet
The information to be presented on the Title Sheet shall be in accordance with
Design Manual 3, Chapter 3, except as follows:1. Maps.
a. State Map with Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission Districts shown in the
upper right corner b. Location map with project shown in upper left corner with scale presented.
2. The block for the PTC Chief Engineer to stamp on the R/W title sheet should
be removed since the Design Engineer is stamping it and the Chief Engineer
already has a place to sign it.3. The Contract Number for the R/W plan set should match the construction
contract number. Each Plot will have a separate WBS number that is different
than the construction contract number.4. Stationing Limits. The Stationing Limits shall be shown. If a parcel is
affected by both the Early Action Project and a Mainline Project, a plot shall
be prepared identifying the required right-of-way for both projects.5. Side Road Right-of-way Plan Sets. For the Turnpike, identify the
eastern/southern and western/northern most limits of right-of-way as:
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 78/208
6-7
Oct 201
LIMIT OF ESTABLISHMENT, RE-ESTABLISHMENT, AND
AUTHORIZATIONSTATION XX+XX
a. For State Side Roads, identify the Limits of Right-of-way as:
BEGIN AUTHORIZATION
STATION XX+XX
SEGMENT XX, OFFSET XXS.R. XXXX, SECTION XX Right-of-way
END AUTHORIZATIONSTATION XX+XX
SEGMENT XX, OFFSET XX
S.R. XXXX, SECTION XX Right-of-way
b. For Non-state Side Roads, identify the Limits of Right-of-way as:
BEGIN AUTHORIZATIONSTATION XX+XX
T.R. XXXX (Local Road Name)
END AUTHORIZATION
STATION XX+XX
T.R. XXXX (Local Road Name)
The right-of-way title sheet, index plans and general notes should be consistent with the
limits shown on the Right-of-way Plan, Profile and Plots.
D. Preparation of Property Plots Plans
1. Legal metes and bounds descriptions shall be prepared for all fee simple and perpetual easement acquisitions except properties which are “total takes”.
Total take acquisitions shall utilize the owner’s description, unless directed
otherwise by the Commission. These descriptions are to be furnished by theConsultant in electronic (MS-Word) format for each parcel Where pluses
(stationing) numbers for corners are shown as “encircled” (scaled dimension)
on the right-of-way plans, the metes and bounds description shall identify thestation as “+/-“. Where the baseline offset distance numbers for corners are
shown as “encircled” (scaled dimension) on the right-of-way plans, the metes
and bounds description shall identify the offset distance as “more or less”. .
2. No property plot plan will be required for “total” takes unless otherwisedirected by the Commission.
3. For general notes, refer to the PTC CADD Standards, sub-file “Title_Blocks”.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 79/208
6-8
Oct 2011
4. Plot the entire “Deed of Record” property on one sheet. The deed calls (metes
and Bounds) shall be labeled on each property line, parallel to the applicable
line. Label this information as it is shown in the deed. When perches aregiven, also add the (feet) conversion in parenthesis. If clutter is a problem, a
full or partial tabulation should be used (preferred – use numbers inside
octagonal).5. Consistent use of labels, text, charts and plan preparation (in general) shall be
maintained throughout the project.
E. Right-of-way/Geometry Plans
This work involves the preparation of final Right-of-way/Geometry Plans at a
scale of 1"=50'. The Right-of-way/Geometry Plan Sheets will show all ties between the Proposed Construction and Survey Baseline (to be labeled as Survey
and Right-of-way Baseline on these plans) and the original “best fit” alignment
that has been reestablished as the Original Right-of-way Baseline. Dual station
and offset baseline ties will be shown to all break points in the right-of-way lines.Project grid coordinates will also be shown for these points. These stations and
offsets will denote station and offset data from the Original Right-of-way
Baseline in slanted text and stations and offsets in bold vertical text from theSurvey and Right-of-way Baseline for each tie point with appropriate notations
and legends. Centerline geometry data will be provided for both the Original
Right-of-way and Survey and Right-of-way Baselines.
It is the consultant’s responsibility to obtain all recorded instruments to verify
supplemental right-of-way information provided by the Commission. In addition,copies of all records are to be forwarded to the Commission and/or the Design
Manager. Right-of-way/Geometry Plans will show and label all side road names
and route numbers, watercourse names and flow arrows, structure numbers, baseline stationing and station equalities, planimetric features, owner names,
project parcel numbers, old and new right-of-way numbers, north arrow, labeled
topography, and right-of-way dimensions. All coordinate notes, project grid
coordinate conversion notes, centerline mileposts, and horizontal and verticalcontrol monuments will be shown on each plan.
All primary control will be depicted with elevations, coordinate values, and typeof control point established, i.e., bronze disc in concrete. Primary vertical control
benchmarks will be shown with elevations in NAVD88 and coordinates in project
grid. Primary horizontal control monuments will be shown with coordinates in both project grid and NAD83 SPC with (applicable Zone) values with notation on
both datum. Stations and offsets will be provided to all primary horizontal and
vertical control monuments referenced to the Survey and Right-of-way Baseline
and the Original Right-of-way Baseline.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 80/208
6-9
Oct 201
Baselines with bearings will be noted on each plan as the Survey and Right-of-
way Baseline and the Original Right-of-way Baseline. The Legal Right-of-Way
Line for Limited Access will be shown, labeled and noted with right-of-waynumbers. The plans will be prepared in accordance with Commission
requirements including the above stated information.
These Right-of-way/Geometry Plans will indicate/label those corners of the Legal
Right-of-Way line for Limited Access, which are to be monumented during
construction. Commission staff will review the plans at the pre-PS&E submission
and will specify which corners are to be monumented. These plans will beincorporated into the final Construction Plans.
It is not necessary to show plusses and offsets to the Legal Right-of-Way Line onthe construction plans if the right-of-way/geometry plans are included as part of
the Contract Documents.
F.
Required Right-of-Way Lines
Required Right-of-Way is to be taken in chords (creating straight right-of-way
lines and not curves). If a circumstance requires that a take creates a concentric-to-baseline or curved right-of-way line, approval by the Total Reconstruction
Program Manager must be obtained. Avoid (if possible) creating ANY new right-
of-way corners/shifts in right-of-way on existing property lines separatingadjacent owners. It is far more desirable to create new right-of-way corners away
from existing property lines by station (plus)/offset distance from a Commission
baseline. If it is necessary to create a new corner/shift in right-of-way on anexisting property line between adjoining owners retracing and reestablishing that
boundary line will be required.
If a property line coincides with the legal right-of-way line, the property line
symbol shall be shown on the right-of-way line on deed plots and Right-of-Way
plans. However, on Construction/Roadway plans or Right-of-Way/Geometry
plans do not show the property line symbol.
6.3 Right-of-way Summary Chart
The Commission will supply the chart template which is to be prepared and updated by
the consultant and submitted with each right-of-way submission. Commission staff will be responsible for assigning right-of-way numbers for all impacted properties.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 81/208
6-10
Oct 2011
6.4 Utility Easements
A. The property plot plan and the construction plan shall show all utility
easements. If a utility crosses the Turnpike right-of-way and the utility has an
existing private easement connecting to the legal limited access right-of-wayline, the private easement will remain for any portion of the easement
bounded by the old and new right-of-way lines. A note shall also be included
that indicates the name of the utility involved with the easement. See Figure
6.4.1.
B. When it is necessary to acquire substitute right-of-way for a utility, the
designer shall obtain a copy of the utility’s existing right-of-way documentsfor the right-of-way overtaken by the highway. Also, a copy of the utility’s
current right-of-way agreement form shall be obtained. Prior to obtaining the
right-of-way, a meeting with the utility shall be held to discuss the private
rights. The legal description for the replacement right-of-way shall providethe replacement of the utility’s existing private rights. The utility shall
approve of the legal description before it is finalized. When the right-of-way
acquisition is complete, a copy of the legal description shall be provided to theutility. Refer to Design Manual Part 5, Section 6.3, Utility Relocation for
more details on the acquisition of substitute right-of-way.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 82/208
6-11
Oct 201
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 83/208
7-1
Oct 2011
Chapter 7 – Drainage, Stormwater Management Design, and Erosion and Sediment
Pollution Control Plans
7.0 Introduction
While this chapter is divided into separate sections for Drainage and Stormwater Management,the designer must approach the layout of the roadway drainage system from a stormwater
management perspective. As the Regulatory Agencies, Counties and Townships become more
sophisticated in their approach to the regulation of stormwater discharges (i.e., the PostConstruction Stormwater Management section of the NPDES permit), the use of sound
stormwater management practices must be applied during the development of drainage designs.
7.1 Drainage Design Criteria
A.
General
1. Primary References
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation(PennDOT) Design Manual Part 2, Highway Design, Publication 13M, Chapter 10, Drainage Design, and Related Procedures, Latest Edition. Chapter 13,
Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control, Design Manual Part 3, Plans
Presentation, Publication 14M, Chapter 6, Contour Grading and Drainage Plansand Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Plans, Latest Edition.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP),
Pennsylvania Code Title 25, Chapter 102 and Chapter 105. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP),
Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Manual, Latest Edition.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP),Pennsylvania Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual, Latest Edition.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, Publication 584,Latest Edition.
HEC – 22 Urban Drainage Design Manual
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation (PennDOT),Standards for Roadway Construction (RC), Latest Edition.
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC), Standards for Roadway Construction
(PTS), Latest Edition. United States Department of Agricultural Soil Conservation Service, County Soil
Survey.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 84/208
7-2
Oct 2011
2. Compliance
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood maps will determine if
the proposed activity encroaches on a regulatory floodway. A water obstruction or encroachment with a drainage area more than 100 acres
requires a joint (DEP and US Army Corps of Engineers) or general permit (DEP)
application, whichever is applicable.
Provide supporting hydrologic and hydraulic computations as required by DEP’sGeneral Permit for wetland disturbance areas of less than 0.1 acre. However, for
wetland disturbance areas of 0.1 acre or more, DEP’s Joint Application with
supporting documentation is required.
Any stormwater management detention basin with an embankment 15 feet or greater in height, or with contributing drainage area exceeding 100 acres, or with
impounding capacity at maximum storage elevation exceeding 50 acre-feet
requires a DEP Dam Permit and should be avoided where possible.
3. Drainage Systems
All drainage facilities less than 10 feet in depth from the existing or proposedfinished grade to the top of the pipe will be replaced.
Drainage facilities greater than 10 feet in depth from the existing or proposedfinished grade to the top of pipe will be inspected and the results included in a
“Deep Culvert Inspection Report.” The designer will physically inspect pipesgreater than 36-inches in diameter. Pipes less than or equal to 36-inches in
diameter will be video logged by the designer and a copy of the tape provided to
the Commission as part of a “Deep Culvert Inspection Report”. The “DeepCulvert Inspection Report” should indicate whether the drainage system is
recommended for rehabilitation, reconstruction, or extension.
In developing the new drainage system and the construction staging for the project, consideration will be given to placing the new drainage systemat the existing drainage location as much as possible to minimize boring.
For shoulder and paved median inlets, use flowable backfill material.
B. Storm Drainage
1. Hydrology
a. Runoff factors should follow Design Manual 2, Chapter 10, Table 10.2.1 or local governing storm ordinances if the ordinances are more stringent for the
design and approval by the necessary regulatory agencies.
b. Design storm frequency:
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 85/208
7-3
Oct 2011
For temporary conditions use 2-year storm.
2. Storm Pipe
a. The minimum diameter of cross pipes under the roadway that are deeper than 10feet shall be a minimum 24 inch.
b. A 0.5% minimum slope to be provided, with 1% being the desired minimum.
Maximum slope to be 10% unless a steep slope pipe design is provided.
c. Combination storm sewer and underdrain is to be used for parallel storm sewersin cut conditions and in the median.
d. Two pipe alternates will be used for all storm sewer pipes. In general,
reinforced concrete and thermoplastic will be used for most conditions and
coated polymer corrugated galvanized steel pipe or thermoplastic pipe will beused for slope pipe. The design will be based on the highest “n” factor for the
alternatives. The pipe outlet design will be based on the lowest “n” factor for the alternates.
Reinforced concrete pipe will be Type A with an approximate 100-year expected service life. “PAIDD” must be used for all concrete pipes with fill
heights greater than 15 feet.
Coated (polymer) corrugated galvanized steel pipe will be Type I with2-2/3" x 1/2 " corrugations and designed with an approximate 50-year
expected service life.
For thermoplastic pipe;Slopes: Group V
All Other Areas: Group VIe. Designers should consider the available sizes of pipes when developing
drainage systems and verify that pipe sizes being specified are available asalternatives.
3. Inlets
a. Locations
Minimum spacing of inlets is to be 100 feet except in sag conditions.Bypass flow will be permitted to achieve economical spacing as long as
depth and spread criteria are maintained Inlets in depressed or unpaved median sections are to be placed so the width
of water flowing in the median does not exceed 2/3 the total median width,
for medians greater than or equal to 22’ width. For medians less than 22’,see the project manager for requirements. Additional inlets beyond the
minimum spacing criteria may be needed to achieve the 2/3 spread in
certain instances, such as full superelevation or flat grade.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 86/208
7-4
Oct 2011
Provide inlets in the shoulders and median on the low side of mainline bridges. Provide inlets in the median on the high side. Inlets in the right
shoulder are to be placed at the ends of the approach slabs with curbing
extending from the wing wall or safety wall to the inlet. Provide inlets in the shoulder on the low side of overhead bridges. Locate
the inlets at the ends of the approach slabs if present and provide curbing
extending from the wing wall or safety wing to the inlet.
Outletting of median inlets into shoulder inlets and slope pipes is preferred.
Depress inlets in median and shoulder areas one inch below the normal flow
line, unless temporary traffic is anticipated over the inlets.
b. Types
Use Type C Inlets on shoulders which have approach slabs and concrete
curbs. Use Type M Inlets with frames in paved medians requiring drainage on only
one (1) side of a concrete median barrier and on shoulders adjacent to
single-face barrier.
Use Type M Double Inlets with concrete top units in paved mediansrequiring drainage on both sides of a concrete median barrier.
Use Type M Inlets with concrete top units in fill shoulders and unpavedmedians.
Use Type S Inlets in swales and on shoulders with rollup curbs and swaleconditions.
Type D-H inlets may be used to accommodate high storm runoff but may
only be used if approved by the project manager. PTC has not utilized thistype of inlet and it should only be used if approved by the project manager.
4. Ditches/Swales
a. The minimum ditch grade to be used is 1.0 percent.
b. The minimum ditch depth to be used is one (1) foot.c. Design ditches and their locations in accordance with the following
hierarchy:
Cut Slopes – Refer to the Figure 7.1.8(A) entitled, “Typical Ditch – Cut
Slope”
- As indicated on the figure.- As indicated on the figure with 3:1 side slopes on ditch.- As indicated on the figure, eliminate the top of cut rounding with
3:1 side slopes on ditch.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 87/208
7-5
Oct 2011
- As indicated on the figure, eliminate the top of cut rounding with
2:1 side slopes on ditch.- Locate ditch, with 2:1 side slopes, two (2) feet from right-of-way
line. Ditch can intersect roadway cut slope (2:1) and roundintersection point.- Take additional right-of-way and use preferred ditch as indicated
on the figure.
Fill Slopes – Refer to the Figure 7.1.8(B) titled “Typical Ditch – Fill Slope.”
- As indicated on the figure.
- As indicated on the figure with 3:1 side slopes on ditch.
- Extend embankment slope directly to bottom of ditch. Use 4:1 backslope to existing ground line to form V-ditch.
- Extend embankment slope directly to bottom of ditch. Use 3:1 backslope to existing ground line to form V-ditch.
- Extend embankment slope directly to bottom of ditch. Use 2:1 back slope to existing ground line to form V-ditch.
- Locate ditch, with 3:1 side slopes, eight (8) feet from right-of-way
line.- Take additional right-of-way and use preferred ditch as indicated
on the figure.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 88/208
7-6
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 89/208
7-7
Oct 2011
d. Concrete lined ditches are not to be used.
5. Pipe culverts under the Pennsylvania Turnpike
a. In general, shallow culverts, culverts less than 10 feet deep from the existingor proposed finished grade to the top of the culvert, will be replaced.
Hydrologic analysis for the 50-year storm frequency will be used to
determine flows. For culverts in excess of 100 feet in length, the 100-year
storm shall be included in the hydraulic computations for flood risk evaluation.
b. Deep culverts, culverts greater than 10 feet deep will be addressed based on
the results of the “Deep Culvert Inspection Report”. Culverts that require
rehabilitation will be lined with an acceptable material and system.c. Where horizontal elliptical pipe is needed because of a restrictive vertical
clearance, a concrete pipe will be used.d. Culverts listed in the PTC bridge log should be inspected for replacement or rehabilitation and extension.
e. discussion on the use of depressed culverts by agencies.
7. Endwalls and End Sections
a. Inlet Conditions
Concrete end sections shall be used.
All pipes, 36 inches and greater, require a Type D-W endwall.
b. Outlet Conditions
Concrete end sections shall be used to terminate pipes out letting ontraversable slopes (without guide rail) within the clear zone.
If an end section is necessary, it should be concrete.
All pipes, 36 inches and greater, require a Type D-W endwall.
8. Pavement Base Drain
a. Use six-inch minimum pavement base drains.
b. Base drains will extend to the limits of the project along both inside andoutside edges of pavement in both tangent and superelevated sections of
roadways and as follows:
Along the median centerline for paved medians unless combo storm
sewer is used.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 90/208
7-8
Oct 2011
Along the back edge of shoulders in cut conditions unless combinationstorm sewer and underdrain is used.
Along the back edge of shoulders in fill conditions where subbase
cannot be daylighted (slopes flatter than 2:1). Additional base drains may be required along acceleration/ deceleration
ramps.
c. Base drains will be outlet in accordance with the Commission Specification
Section 615.
d. Outlet spacing for 300 feet desirable, 450 feet maximum. If this outlet
spacing cannot be obtained, the size of the base drain will be increased fromsix (6) inches to eight (8) inches at the Commission’s discretion.
9. Rock Armor and Bituminous Curb
a. Rock armor is to be in accordance with PTS-124 and should be utilized on
all fill slopes 2:1 or steeper in conjunction with guide rail to prevent
embankment erosion. b. Rock armor should extend to the top of rock in rock embankments.
c. Rock armor may also be utilized on fills with recurring erosion problems.
d. Bituminous curbs should be used to prevent sheet flow drainage ontoretaining walls or geogrid reinforcement fill embankments.
7.2 STORMWATER MANAGEMENT
A. Stormwater Management Ordinances
Stormwater Management Ordinances should be met according to the regulationsas described below and in Section 7.2.B.1. A matrix comparing these
Ordinances should be prepared and submitted to the PTC PM. This matrix will
show the requirements and any discrepancies between a through c below, at
which point the Commission can make a decision on the criteria to follow. It is possible for a job to pass through multiple municipalities and Act 167’s.
a. Municipal Ordinance (City/Township/Borough) b. Approved Act 167 Plan
c.
PaDEP regulations
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 91/208
7-9
Oct 2011
B. Act 167 Plans and Municipal Ordinances
The Commission must be consistent with the standards of watershed-based
stormwater management plans approved and implemented under the Stormwater Management Act (1978 Act 167); The Commission does, strive to maintain goodrelations with local municipalities and, at the Commission’s direction will comply
with local ordinances when feasible and practicable. It is the intent of the
Commission to submit the Post Construction Stormwater Management Plan
(PCSM Plan) to each municipality for their review. The Design Consultant willrequest a Stormwater and Floodplain Consistency letter from the municipality for
inclusion in the Joint Permit Application and NPDES. If after significant
coordination, the local municipality will not provide the requested Consistency
letter, then the Design Consultant will submit to DEP appropriate correspondencedocumenting said coordination efforts in lieu of the Consistency Letter.
If there is no Act 167 plan or municipal ordinances, follow DEP regulations.
C. Antidegradation and Post Construction Stormwater Management Plan
Requirements
Four key measures are used to assess the potential for impacts from stormwater
runoff – volume, rate, thermal impact and water quality. The goal of PCSM Plan
is to prevent or minimize any increase in the quantity (rate and volume) of runoff while also minimizing the factors affecting the water quality and thermal impact.
The best way to achieve antidegradation is to mimic the natural, pre-development
hydrologic conditions, which are usually dominated by infiltration andevapotranspiration. This is a two-fold solution because stormwater management
strategies that address quantity normally also address water quality and thermal
impact. Often the linear nature of highway projects could limit viable options for
rate and volume reduction. Therefore, it is also important to have a combinationof strategies that reduce the amount of runoff being generated. Serious
consideration must be given to the property impacts that occur due to meeting the
requirements and it is possible that a balance between criteria and propertyimpacts must be evaluated. It is important that the Designer develop plans to a
sufficient level of detail that can be presented to the public, therefore it is
important to coordinate early with regulatory Agencies and municipalities. The
Commission does not want to present a stormwater plan to the public that willrequire significant changes in final design.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 92/208
7-10
Oct 2011
D. Post Construction Stormwater Management Plans
The County Conservation District and PaDEP may not review the PCSM Plan.
However, they will review the NPDES application for completeness and make surea post construction stormwater management plan has been prepared and is attached.The information for the table in Section E of the NPDES Application will need to be
completed.
A summary (peak flow control) shall be included in the PCSM Plan, includingsummary tables of hydrologic parameters and pre and post-development peak
discharges. It is the intent of the Commission to manage stormwater per the criteria
where practical and feasible. If these criteria cannot be fully met, then all
appropriate documentation shall be included in the PCSM Plan for review andconcurrence by the County Conservation District and PaDEP.
A PCSM Plan must be included with the NPDES Permit submittal as a separatedocument and shall document all permanent stormwater BMP’s. It should not be
incorporated into the erosion and sediment pollution control plan and narrative.
However, the development of both plans should be closely coordinated.
For PCSM guidelines, refer to PaDEP’s Pennsylvania Stormwater Best
Management Practices Manual, Latest Edition. Submit a copy of the approved
PCSM Plan to the PTC Roadway Unit. It is the intent of the Commission to usesimilar BMP’s and materials for ease of maintenance and as such, the design of
these facilities should be coordinated with the PTC Roadway Unit before they are
submitted to the Agencies for approval.
E. Post Construction Stormwater Management Plans For PTC Maintenance
A PCSM Plan will need to be provided for use by the PTC for maintenanceactivities. This Plan must be submitted with the 90% submission and is to be
reviewed by the PTC Roadway Unit. This plan should only contain information
necessary to allow for the proper maintenance of the SWM facilities. Thefollowing items shall be included in the plan set.
Location/ Index Map – Plan sheet(s) showing the baseline and location of each BMP used with the milepost designation called and station shown on the
sheet.
Plan Views – Plan sheet(s) showing plan views of each BMP. MultipleBMP’s can be shown on a sheet. This needs to be shown at a scale such that
all important information is easily readable.
Details – Plan sheet(s) showing all details needed to properly maintain theBMP’s. This may not include all the design details, such as anti-seep collars,
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 93/208
7-11
Oct 2011
that are not pertinent to maintenance. If a BMP has an access point off the
system, the location of the access needs to be shown on the plan.
Written PCSM Plan – Plan sheet giving written maintenance instructions
including type of maintenance required and frequency. List the BMP andinstructions in general terms, if a BMP requires special maintenance list that
BMP and its location separately.
The goal is to produce a concise set of plans that only pertains to maintenance.To that end, keep the number of sheets to a minimum.
F. NPDES Permit Submittal Procedures
A pre-application meeting will be held prior to the submittal of either the E&SPC
plans or the NPDES Permit Application to the appropriate County Conservation
District (CCD) and\or the PaDEP Regional Office. The E&SPC Plans should then
be revised based upon any comments the Agencies may have and be submitted promptly following the pre-application meeting.
The NPDES Permit Boundary needs to be clearly defined and include the entire
project site. For a multiple phase and multiple year project, the NPDES Permit
Boundary, limit of disturbance, right-of-way and easement lines should be
coincidental. Use engineering judgment for all other projects.
The Design Consultant will be responsible for preparing and submitting the
application for the NPDES (Chapter 102 Earth Disturbance) Permit for the project.The NPDES Permit Package will consist of a complete NPDES Permit Application
and Checklist, a completed Conservation District Review Application, the GeneralInformation Form (GIF), Act 14, 67, 68, and 127 letters, PHMC approval letters, a
U.S.G.S Topographic Map Section 1" = 2000’ with coordinates showing thelocation of the project, and copies of up-to-date PNDI approval letters. In general
the Commission will be the applicant for and sign for the permits, and upon award
of the construction contract, the Contractor(s) will become Co-Permittees. PaDEPCo-Permittee forms will be prepared and sent to the PaDEP Regional Office once
the Contractor is selected. The Design Consultant will provide coordination with the
appropriate CCD and/or PaDEP Regional Offices for plan reviews and approvals.The specific requirements of Design-Build projects may vary.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 94/208
7-12
Oct 2011
A PCSM Plan must be included with the NPDES Permit submittal as a separatedocument and shall document all permanent stormwater BMP’s. It should not be
incorporated into the erosion and sediment pollution control plan and narrative.However, the development of both plans should be closely coordinated.
As part of the Chapter 102 Regulations which became effective on Nov. 19, 2010,
DEP is charging review fees for NPDES permit applications. The fee structure is
outlined in Section 102.6 and the Commission is required to submit those feeswith the application. Consultants should issue the checks and submit them as a
direct cost in an invoice.
Conservation Districts may charge additional fees according to the ConservationDistrict Law. The Commission is in the process of coordination with the PA
Association of Conservation Districts to establish a uniform fee structure withinthe counties through which the Turnpike traverses. Further information will be provided regarding this matter.
In some instances the Commission might reimburse the municipality for reasonable costs incurred up to a maximum dollar amount during the stormwater
management review.
G. BMP’s
The Commission intends to follow the PCSM Levels for Projects in Table 7.2.1
below and the preferred order of BMP toolbox level listed in Table 7.2.2 below.It is important to remember that not all projects will have the ability to use the
following BMP’s in the preferred order listed below in Table 7.2.2.
Circumstances that require BMP’s not listed to be considered should be justified
to and approved by the Commission prior to being utilized.
Site specific infiltration testing should be included for the design of infiltration
BMP’s. If site conditions prohibit infiltration (i.e. shallow bedrock, karstgeology, shallow groundwater, etc.), then specific recommendations from the
RSGER should be included to document these constraints.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 95/208
7-13
Oct 2011
TABLE 7.2.1 PTC PROJECTS AND PCSM LEVELS
TYPE OF PROJECT PCSM LEVEL
Mill & Pave 1Minor Bridges, Access Ramps 2
Reconstruction, New Alignment, Slip Ramps, Interchanges,Major Bridges, Maintenance Facilities
3
Level 2 or 3 Projects in an HQ/EV Watershed 4
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 96/208
7-14
Oct 2011
TABLE 7.2.2 PTC PREFERRED ORDER OF BMP’s LISTED BY BMP TOOLBOX LEVEL
LEVEL 1 BMP LEVEL 2 BMP LEVEL 3 BMP LEVEL 4 BMP1
Restoration of temporary staging
areas4
Vegetated swales Level 2 BMP’s Constructed Wet ponds
Preserve trees and
re-vegetate using
native species
Imperviousdisconnection
2
Infiltration basin, dry
extended detention
basin, riparian
buffer, landscapingand planting
3
Constructed wetlands
Minimize
compaction4
Soil amendments Underground Detention
Infiltration Trench Evapotranspiration Basin
Bioretention
Rain Garden5
1 Level 4 BMP’s may be used with Level 3 Projects as a last resort approved by the PTC PM. 2
Impervious Disconnection is routing sheet f low directly into BMP’s as opposed to a closed system. 3 These BMP’s are in no order. The Designer should base the use of BMP’s on economics and site
conditions/restraints.4 If areas are compacted, then the compacted soil needs to be tilled at a minimum depth of 8 inches prior to
seeding.5 Follow details in Figures 7.23 through 7.26 for BMP structures
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 97/208
7-15
Oct 2011
Permanent Detention Basins
1. See the following Figures 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 for general guidelines for permanentdetention basins.
2.
If a basin requires fencing, use Type 1 Right-of-way Fence, per RC-60M, around the perimeter of the detention basin with a Vehicular Access Gate. Install the access gatewhere the access drive meets the fence. It should be noted that if a facility is in a
populated area, the Commission would consider alternative fencing types.
3. If a basin is within Commission right-of-way and Commission right-of-way is fenced,
then no fencing around the basin is required.4. Provide the access drive to the detention basin at the end of the guide rail run beyond
the detention basin.
5. Provide a minimum 10-foot-wide berm around the perimeter of the detention basin.
6. Use 10-inch minimum depth of 2RC Aggregate around the top of the berm.7. Use 10-inch minimum depth of 2RC aggregate for access drives with grades less then
6 percent. Pave the access drive with six (6) inches of subbase and four (4) inches of binder for access drives with grades of 6 percent or greater.8. The mainline shoulder should be 14 feet wide for a distance of 100 feet before and
after the access ramp. Use a 50-foot taper to widen the shoulder.
9. Mosquito issues should be considered during the design of a basin.10. Design detention basins following review of the local stormwater ordinances and
with an aesthetic approach to the final look, particularly when the basin will be highly
visible.
11. Designers should attempt to avoid detention basins 15 feet and greater in depth, sincethis makes the basins jurisdictional dams as per DEP regulations, see Section 7.1.A.2.
12. Access drive desirable width is 15 feet and minimum width is 12 feet.
13. The desired radius off the mainline is 50’ and the minimum is 40’.14. Provide correct grading at the connection of the access drive to the mainline.
Maximum side slopes of 6:1 are required within the clear zone.
15. Provide guide rail as required by current design criteria.
16. Use sediment forebays for all Rain Gardens/Bio-Retention and Permanent Basins.17. Construction vehicles should not be permitted to traverse across the BMP area.
18. Any amended soil mix for a rain garden/bio-retention or any other BMP structure
should not be compacted. The placement of the soil should be made by hand or by ameans not to have any equipment on the amended soil during placement. This note
should be placed on all applicable plan sheets.
19. Use Plant List Figure 7.27 as a recommended guide all BMP’s requiring plant material.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 98/208
7-16
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 99/208
7-17
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 100/208
7-18
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 101/208
7-19
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 102/208
7-20
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 103/208
7-21
Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 104/208
7-22
Oct 2011
Fig. 7.2.7 Plants for Rain gardens or Wet Ponds
Sun Herbaceous
New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)Turtle head (Chelone oblqua)Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilihica)Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis)Switch Grass (Panicum virgatum)Blue Vervain (Verbena hastate)New York Ironweed (Veronia noveboracensis)Soft Stem Bulrush (Scirpus validus)Tussock Sedge (Carex stricta)Swamp Milkweed (Ascelepias incarnate)Common Three Square (Scripus amercianus)
Shady Herbaceous
New York Aster (Symphyotrichum novi-belgii)
Spotted Joe-Pye (Eupatoriadephus maclatum)Bonset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)Blue Flag Iris (Iris virginica)
Soft Rush (Juncus effusus)Cardinal Flower (lobelia cardinalis)Sensitive Fern (Onoclea sensiblis)
Tussock Sedge (Carex stricta)
Sun Shrubs
Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia)Winterberry Holly (Ilex verticillata)Common Elderberry (Samucus nigra)Steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa)Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) Virginai Rose (Rosa Virginia)Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Arrowwood Viburnum Viburnum dentatum)Speckled Alder (Alnus incana)
Shade Shrubs
Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia)Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum)Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia)Winterberry Holly (Ilex veticillata) Arrowwood Viburnum (Viburnum dentatum)Pussy Willow (Salix discolor)
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 105/208
7-23
Oct 2011
Trees
Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor)Red Maple (Acer rubra)River Birch (Betula nigra)
American Sycamore (Platnus occidentalis)Serviceberry (Amelanchier Canadensis)
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)Willow Oak (Quercus phellos)
7.3 Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Measures
Prepare Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control Plans as required by 7.1,Drainage Design Criteria.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 106/208
8-1
Oct 201
Chapter 8 – GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN
8.0 Reconnaissance Plan
A. Objective
This is a project specific task which, if scoped to be formally completed, is performed during Preliminary Engineering. The magnitude and scope of this task is sized to fit the
project. Generally, Total Reconstructions and Expansion projects require a separate
Reconnaissance Plan deliverable. Smaller projects may combine the submission withthe Problem Statement Draft Exploration Plan (PSDEP) submission or others may
delete it entirely. However, on all projects, the consultant is responsible for a review
of available information and the performance of a site inspection.
A Reconnaissance Plan is required for all bridge projects to be turned back to PADOT.It should be submitted with the TS&L submission.
The Reconnaissance Plan is a presentation of available geotechnical information and
observed site conditions. The purpose is to obtain an overall perspective of the site and
identify geotechnical issues needing further investigation. The plan will also be used to provide a basis for future exploration needs. It is not intended to evaluate, in detail, the
quality of the soils and geologic materials, but to identify the favorable and
objectionable geotechnical issues and features of the site.
B. Scope
Reconnaissance Plan requirements:.
1. Review available published and unpublished information including an evaluation of
the following:
• Preliminary plans of the proposed construction.
• As-built plans of the existing roadway and/or structures (if, applicable).
• Surface features on topographic maps.
• Geologic maps and other sources of geologic information.
• Soil survey maps.
• Aerial photographs.
• Previous geotechnical explorations in the vicinity of the project, including anystudies done during the environmental evaluation for the project.
• Location of water supply wells and/or springs
• Logs of existing borings and water wells
• Records and photographs regarding the construction and behavior of nearby
structures relative to planned structures.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 107/208
8-2
Oct 2011
2. Conduct a site inspection to verify information obtained by the publicationsearch, including the following:
• Location of proposed construction.
• Existing structures (type and condition).
• Surface soils.
• Topography and vegetation.
• Drainage features.
• Rock outcrops, excavations, and other visible indications of subsurfaceconditions. If possible, confirm geologic contacts and formations.
• Existing problem areas, such as slope movements, subsidence, mineshafts, or sinkholes
• Location of water supply wells and/or springs within 200 ft of future
geotechnical borings• Utility locations.
3. Prepare the Reconnaissance Plan
C. Deliverable
Prepare a set of plans to present the obtained information. Provide the plan on a
topographic base map with cross sections and profile. Since the field
reconnaissance typically occurs early in preliminary design, the development of project plans, cross sections, and profiles may be limited. The use of CAD is
encouraged since it is easy to continually transfer the reconnaissance informationto updated project line and grade plans as they are developed. Prepare the plans ata scale appropriate for the project, with 1 inch equals 50 feet commonly used.
Submit half-size (11-inch x 17-inch) copies. Include the following:
• Proposed construction (provide date of line and grade).
• Data obtained during the search of published and unpublished information,
including inferred or actual geologic contacts, lithologies, bedding orientation
and structure.
• Features and structures observed during the visual site inspection and, if appropriate, air photo interpretation.
• Identification of soil units and geological formations in the area, including astratigraphic column identifying the geologic units encountered for the
project.
• Conditions and anticipated geotechnical issues to be encountered in thesubsurface.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 108/208
8-3
Oct 201
Submit deliverable electronically in PDF format through the prime consultant.
• On larger projects or projects with significant geotechnical issues or geologichazards (i.e., slope stability, mining, karst, etc…) a presentation of the draft
reconnaissance plan (with a hard copy of the Draft Reconnaissance PlanDeliverable) shall occur with the project team at a special geotechnical meeting.
Parties to the discussion may include the PTC, General Engineering Consultant
(GEC), the Design Manager, the geotechnical consultant, and the designer.Collectively the geotechnical representatives of the PTC, GEC and the Design
Manager are referred to as the Geotechnical Design Management Team (GDMT).
A summary of the key findings of the final deliverable can be presented at a designstatus meeting.
8.1 Problem Statement Draft Exploration Plan (PSDEP)
A. Objective
The PSDEP is the most project-tailored of the geotechnical submissions. For Turnpike bridge projects of one (1) to as many as three (3) spans, the PSDEP can, and should,
consist of only a boring plan and schedule of borings. However, for all bridges to be
turned back to PADOT and all bridge projects of four or more spans, a full PSDEPreport with appendices is required. Many projects are scoped such that the PSDEP is
submitted in combination with the Reconnaissance Plan.
The purpose of the PSDEP is to communicate problematic geotechnical issues, if any,for the proposed construction in conjunction with outlining the proposed boring and
laboratory testing programs.
B. Scope
The PSDEP requirements:
1. Identify problem areas where more soil, rock and/or water information is needed.
2. Propose a drilling program to address the needs of the identified problem areas.3. Propose a laboratory testing program for soil, rock and/or water to address the
needs of the identified problem areas.
C. Deliverable
Include the following:
1. Project description and identified problem issues and/or areas of concern. Provide
simple references to the information on the reconnaissance plan (if appropriate),
and a brief statement that presents the geotechnical issues identified at the project.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 109/208
8-4
Oct 2011
2. Provide a summary of available information from previous sources including
previous laboratory test results, if available. Presentation of data in tables is preferred, but not required.
3.
Drilling program – Provide the following:
• Attach a copy of the reconnaissance plan with the proposed boringlocation plan.
• Provide a clear description of the borehole termination criteria. For structures, get a full subsurface geologic section where practical.
• Include a summary table that identifies each boring, boring depths, depthsof soil to be sampled, depths of bedrock to be cored, applicable borehole
termination criteria, and costs.
• Typical termination criteria may include: Spread Footings: Two borings per substructure; one of which extends
2B (width) below the estimated bottom of footing and the other extends 10 ft into rock below the estimated bottom of footing.
End-bearing piles: Two borings per substructure, 15 ft into rock below
the anticipated pile tip.
o Drilled shafts: Two borings per substructure; one of which extends
five times the diameter of the shaft into rock and the other extends
10 ft into rock below the tip.
o Friction piles: Determined prior to drilling based on a preliminary
friction pile length estimates.
o Roadway Embankment: 5 ft into rock or suitable % of embankment height and upon reaching competent material.
o Roadway Cuts: 10 ft of stratigraphic overlap with adjacent boringsor 10 ft below the proposed finish or subgrade elevation.
• If drilling is by PTC open-end drilling contract, adapt the submission tocomply with the requirements of Section 8.2 PTC Open-End Contract
Drilling Guidelines and Procedures.
• If the Consultant is administering a Subsurface Boring Sampling and Testing Contract (SBSTC), then a copy of the contract documents withspecial provisions should be provided with the PSDEP submission.
• Identify whether Maintenance and Protection of Traffic (MPT) will berequired Include, if available, TS&L or other preliminary plans for
structures to be drilled.
• Drill final design structure borings prior to TS&L approval only with thePTC project manager’s and the Design Manager’s concurrence.
Significant structural changes may render the boring information useless.The need to maintain project schedule should be compared to the risk of
having to re-drill the boring(s).
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 110/208
8-5
Oct 201
4. Laboratory Testing Program – Include the following:
• Identify the AMRL certified lab that will perform the tests and provide a copyof their AMRL certification.
• Provide a summary table identifying the type of test, the purpose for testing,number of samples, sample cost per test and total estimated cost. Include an
explanation as to why any special tests are requested. Consideration should be
made to use presumptive values instead of performing uniaxial compression
tests or point load tests of rock specimens. Provide hand drawn subsurfacecross sections to verify that significant soil, rock and/or water are being tested
and identify the number of tests to verify that the significant soil, rock and/or
water issues are adequately addressed. Generally, for projects with less than2000 LF of drilling, the Laboratory Testing Program submission is to be a
single request for the entire project. For projects with greater than 2000 LFdrilling, partial submissions of the proposed laboratory testing are permissible.The submission should include:
Laboratory testing budget (from Scope of Work) Previously approved testing and cost Currently requested testing and cost
Generally, corrosivity and/or acid-base testing is conducted in Final Design, except for field pH measurements of surface waters.
5.
Electronic file Submission
Submit electronically in PDF format through the prime consultant.
8.2 PTC Open-End Contract Drilling Guidelines and Procedures
A. Objective
The following guidelines are to be followed for projects requiring PTC administered
open-end contract drilling. They are not intended for Consultant or Design Manager
administered open-end contracts.
PTC open-end drilling is performed on a work order basis. A work order consists of
those borings which are approved for drilling, identified on a contract specific scheduleof borings, and are staked (survey optional) in the field. Individual bridge replacement
projects are typically completed in one work order. Larger multiple bridge or total
reconstruction projects may require several work orders for each phase of design, e.g.,
roadway borings, structure borings, pavement borings.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 111/208
8-6
Oct 2011
B. Scope
The PTC will:
1. Prepare and administrate the Subsurface Boring, Sampling and TestingContract for subsurface drilling.
2. Provide the Consultant with a copy of the applicable open-end drilling
contract documents along with a contract specific schedule of borings.3. Establish initial contacts between other PTC departments (e.g., Maintenance,
State Police, etc.) regarding the proposed drilling.
4. Coordinate the geotechnical subsurface drilling and sampling.
5. Review and process drilling invoices.
The Consultant will:
1. Stake or otherwise mark the boring locations using white flagging and/or
paint. Surveyed locations are not required. The white
2. Assume a drilling rate of 30 feet per day of drilling for non-karst areas and 20
feet per day for karst areas.
color is required by the
PA one-call.
3. Submit a boring location plan and an open-end contract specific schedule of
borings. The schedule of borings should include the contract pay items proposed quantities and termination criteria. For out-of-scope items, the
consultant is responsible for providing a special provision. The PTC will
negotiate a unit price with the Drilling Contractor and notify the Consultant of the results.
4. Provide property owner information to driller for borings located outside the
Commission’s right-of-way.5. Attend a pre-drilling test boring field view meeting. This meeting is arranged
by the PTC to present the boring locations to the drilling contractor and to
discuss starting dates and workday schedules, boring access/property owner
issues, possible utility interferences, MPT requirements, exchange cell phonenumbers, etc. The Consultant’s inspector in charge during drilling is required
to attend this meeting and prepare meeting minutes.
6. Submit bulleted meeting minutes and, if needed, a revised plan and scheduleof borings within 2 days of the test boring field view meeting. These are
needed in order for the PTC to issue a notice to proceed to the drilling
contractor.7. Provide full-time inspection of the boring operations and complete field logs
and PTC daily reports. The lead inspector is required to carry a cell phone
during drilling operations.8. Provide a daily quantities summary of drilling contract pay items weekly
and/or upon a completion of work.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 112/208
8-7
Oct 201
C. Deliverable
The deliverables are to be submitted as electronic pdf files and include:
Prior to Drilling1. Boring Plan and Layout (along with the PSDEP or equivalent).
2. Open-End Contract Specific Schedule of Borings.
3. Meeting Minutes of predrilling test boring field view.
During and Upon Completion of Drilling
1. Boring Logs (draft field logs).
2. Daily Quantity Sheets (in triplicate form).3. Drilling Quantities Summary.
4. Any Additional Meeting Minutes.
8.3 Geotechnical Engineering Report (GER) Submission Guidelines
The distinction between a roadway project with a bridge and bridge project with roadway work is up to the project team with the Commission’s approval. In general, when the approach
roadway work limit is within 500 feet from the bridge, the cut/fills are less than 10 feet, and
unusual conditions are not anticipated, the project can be considered a bridge project and a
roadway GER is not required.
A. Objective
The GER is intended to present recommendations addressing the subsurface conditions
identified in investigations which will impact the design and construction of the
roadway and its associated structures.
B. Scope of Work
The process from collection of field data to GER approval can be expedited through theuse of three major steps:
1. Collection and Submission of Data to be Used for Geotechnical Design(Geotechnical Data Submission)
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 113/208
8-8
Oct 2011
Upon completion of the boring and testing programs, submit draft versions of the as-drilled boring location plan, typed engineer’s boring logs, and relevant
boring profiles. Submit a summary of soil, rock and water testing performed,along with the raw test data. Reference the date of the boring and testing program approval, and note any major discrepancies. Also submit other
significant subsurface information to be considered during geotechnical
analysis. Include a paragraph that summarizes the Geotechnical informationand any readily identifiable geotechnical problems or concerns. It may be
appropriate to submit cross sections of such problem areas or concerns
showing conceptual treatments. This information will receive a preliminary
QC review for format, content and completeness.
2. Informal Discussion of Geotechnical Data to be Considered and Analyses to
be Performed by means of Geotechnical Working Meetings
After submission of the data and prior to the consultant’s formal evaluation of
geotechnical findings and results, informal discussions will be held to reviewthe data at one or more geotechnical working meetings. Parties to the
discussion may include the PTC, General Engineering Consultant (GEC), the
Design Manager, the geotechnical consultant, and the designer. Collectively
geotechnical representatives of the PTC, the GEC and the Design Manager arereferred to as the Geotechnical Design Management Team (GDMT).
PennDOT representatives will be invited to participate where applicable. As a
result of this discussion, geotechnical concerns will be identified for further evaluation. The need/requirement for detailed analysis of geotechnical
information will not be warranted if the outcome is predictable from review of
the basic data.
Informal discussions will arrive at a consensus as to the geotechnical
concerns, further geotechnical evaluation needs and geotechnical design
recommendations anticipated from this effort. The geotechnical consultantwill prepare and distribute minutes of the meeting discussions. The meeting’s
conclusions and issues for further analyses, with a schedule of action items
(e.g., further drilling, testing, study, analysis, etc…) will be submitted with themeeting minutes.
Larger projects requiring significant earthwork, such as off-alignment and total reconstruction projects, may warrant an additional separate cross-section
review meeting. This meeting would be a follow-up to the initial review of
data meeting.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 114/208
8-9
Oct 201
3. Draft and Final GER Submission
The GER generally follows PennDOT Pub 293 with several simplifying changesthat include:
• No straight-line diagram.
• No repetitions from chapter to chapter - keep it brief.
• ALL recommendations are in Chapter 2 as a concise list or table.
• Recommendation list does NOT have to follow the PennDOT outline list.
• Structure reports are completely separate - information from the structurereports are not to be reiterated in the GER. Instead, identify the structures on
the project and the respective separate reports to be prepared.
The submission is expected to include the report, geotechnical treatment plan,subsurface profile plans, draft details and draft special provisions for construction.
It should build upon the previous Reconnaissance Plan, PSDEP, and Geotechnical
Data submissions.
Maintain consistency among cross sections (basis for construction), geotechnical
treatment plan (pictorial rendering with caveat), tables (if/as necessary – e.g.; coal),details (show limits) and text (if/as necessary). Example geotechnical special
provisions and details are available upon request. A list of current sample
specifications will be provided upon request.
The report itself should be kept to a minimum by avoiding repetitive text while still providing appropriate documentation to support the recommendations (including
relevant meeting minutes). Incorporate figures and tables within the body of thereport or at the end of the text, but not a mixture of both.
The following items are to be provided in the report, IN THE ORDER PRESENTED BELOW:
1. INTRODUCTION – Include project location and description. This should be a
brief overview discussion, of not more than three paragraphs. Provide thegeneral conditions, features, and any relevant items of note.
2. RECOMMENDATIONS – This is a concise summary of the geotechnicalrecommendations, referencing the Geotechnical Treatment Plan and including a
list of applicable special provisions and construction details, a list of the
construction notes to appear on the plans, and design guidance (includinggeotechnical parameters) for the engineer. In order to expedite the design, use
the Commission’s Construction Standards and Specifications as a basis for
recommendations. Discuss deviations with the GDMT prior to making formal
revisions.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 115/208
8-10
Oct 2011
The recommendations section shall address, as applicable:
• Embankment Construction.
• Cut Construction.
• Use of On-Site Materials.
• Transition Zones and Subgrade Construction.
• Pavement Design Parameters.
• Special Treatments Not Listed Above.
• Instrumentation for Construction Control.
• Additional Testing, Study and Analysis needed for Final Design.(Applicable when a Preliminary GER is prepared during preliminary
design on major projects.)
3. ANALYSIS OF DATA AND CONCLUSIONS – Prepare this chapter togenerally parallel Chapter 2.0 Recommendations on a section-by-section basis. This is an analysis of the field and laboratory data and assessment of
the site conditions, subsurface investigations and laboratory findings. The
analysis and interpretation must support the conclusions. Minimize
geotechnical analysis where standardized details and specifications areapplicable. During the analysis and design process, identify the basis for
using any value, parameter or procedure, e.g., laboratory test results,
reference material and/or engineering judgment.
Identify and estimate the amount of each rock type available from project
excavations, i.e., Type B Rock, Type C Rock and Shale. The sum of thesematerials will equal the total amount of rock excavation. Assume that rock
layers thinner than 10 ft can not be excavated cleanly without mixing with
surrounding material and assign an appropriate average material type
designation. Include these calculations with the appendix.
The conclusions are to be developed from the analysis. The conclusions
shall be concise, specific and supporting of each recommendation. Do notrepeat recommendations in this chapter.
Include in this section, a brief statement as to why items or issues common
to the project’s general area are not addressed in the report. Examples arekarst conditions, coal mines, oil & gas wells, etc.
4. SOIL, ROCK AND HYDROLOGIC SETTING – Provide a concise,
integrated summary of findings of the office investigation, field
reconnaissance, test drilling and laboratory testing, as they relate to
proposed roadway construction. The section will include:
• Regional Physiography and Topography.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 116/208
8-11
Oct 201
• Soils - Provide a concise written overview of soil classifications (USCS,AASHTO), types (alluvium, colluvium, etc.) and identified problem soils.
Do not reiterate the USDA soil identifications from published soil maps.
• Geology - Summarize bedrock units with elevation ranges on astratigraphic column and show key stratigraphic units (marker beds) on the
Reconnaissance Map.
• Hydrology - Include surface drainage and groundwater.
• Coal and Mining or other special Issues - Summarize in the text or on a
table and show on Reconnaissance Map.
• Environmental Impacts – Include hazardous waste or potentiallycontaminated media sites, wetlands, streams, water wells, oil wells and gaswells.
5. GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS - Provide a very brief summary of the
boring and testing programs conducted for the project. Reference the boringlogs and test results.
6. REFERENCES
7. APPENDICES - Provide the following appendices to the report:
A – Geotechnical Treatment Plan (“Also Plans”) as outlined in Section 8.5 (Add
a note: “Refer to the details and cross sections for precise locations and
applications.”).B – Draft Special Provisions and Details.
C – Soil Profile Plan (“Also Plans”) as outlined in Section 8.4.D – Plan of borings, with reconnaissance notes and mapping.
E – Test Boring Records.F – Laboratory Test Results.
G – Calculations.
H – Relevant Correspondence.
Provide unique page numbers for all sheets within each Appendix. Additional
Appendices may be provided for photographs, mine maps, or other relevant
materials.
For tables, provide only those tables that are needed during the natural course of design development. Do not develop tables simply to meet any perceived GER submission requirement.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 117/208
8-12
Oct 2011
Organize calculations with a table of contents. Include method and calculationused to estimate quantities of various types of rock anticipated during
excavation for the project. Include a cover sheet containing a list of personswhose initials appear on the calculations, with a statement prepared, signed and sealed by a Professional Engineer, registered in the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, that all calculations are checked.
C. Deliverable
The GER submission can be made in one or more volumes, depending on its
overall size. The deliverables are to be submitted as electronic pdf files.Bookmarks within the pdf file should be provided for each section and appendix
of the report. Additionally, a hardcopy of the final submission is required. If a
multi-volume submission is made, provide the report text and Appendix A, B, and C as the first volume. On larger projects, Appendices D – Plan of Borings with
Reconnaissance Notes and Mapping, E – Test Boring Records and F – Laboratory
Test Results can be submitted at the Informal Discussion of the Geotechnical Datameeting. If there are no revisions, then the boring logs and lab testing data will
not have to be resubmitted with subsequent hard copy submissions. However,
these appendices are required with subsequent electronic pdf file submissions
The GER will be modified in response to comments on the Draft GER
submission. Modifications can be made through submission of individual pages
or report sections, for approval. After approval of modifications is received, provide a complete final GER submission.
8.4 Soil Profile Plan Submission Guidelines
A. Objective
The Soil Profile Plan is to be prepared to provide an illustrative view of the
subsurface conditions across the project. It is to be considered a tool to identify
and communicate subsurface conditions of concern, potential sources of materialrequired for construction, material located at the bearing elevation of proposed
structures; and support the construction of the project. The Soil Profile Plan will
be incorporated into the PS&E as a set of “Also Plans”.
This submission may not be required on single bridge projects. Such projects have
limited subsurface information which is adequately shown on the structuretracings of all borings.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 118/208
8-13
Oct 201
B. Scope of Work
A soil profile is a restatement of subsurface boring information which generally
emphasizes the vertical axis or elevation and deemphasizes the horizontal and is usuallyoriented along the construction or stationing centerline. Because of the orientation being along the construction or stationing centerline, the subsurface profiles are
typically aligned perpendicular to major structural features.
Where more than one boring is at or near the same station, show the subsurface boring
information on the closest regularly spaced cross section. Borings nearest the project
centerline will appear in both the subsurface cross sections and profile. Show only
those cross sections which have boring information. Borings which do not appear oneither the subsurface cross sections or profile should be shown on a separate sheet(s).
Include the following on the Soil Profile Plan:
• Centerline with stationing along the x- axis and elevation to mean sea level alongthe y-axis for the profile.
• Correct elevation and stationing of project structure locations.
• Existing and finished ground lines.
• Correct elevation, stationing and offset of project boring.
• Proper soil and bedrock symbols for units encountered in the boring on graphical
logs, plotted at proper elevation (No black-line boring log, must be graphical log.
No different scale log, must be same scale as profile.).
• Correct groundwater elevation. Provide note at the bottom of the boring if it was
dry or that water was not encountered.• Correct normal pool elevation of water body (if encountered).
• Potential sources and estimated quantity (or quantities) of rock available within the project limits that may be required for stability and/or drainage.
• Significant geologic formations and/or seams, e.g., Morgantown Sandstone,Pittsburgh Coal.
• A note indicating that the Soil Profile Plan is to be used for informational purposesonly.
C. Deliverable
The deliverable is submitted as draft and final submissions with the GER. The draftsubmission is reviewed and comments are provided. The final submission addresses the
comments and serves as the final Soil Profile Plan for the project.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 119/208
8-14
Oct 2011
8.5 Geotechnical Treatment Plan Guidelines
A.
Objective
The Geotechnical Treatment Plan’s (Also Plans) purpose is to present
recommended geotechnical treatments which impact the design and construction
of the roadway and its associated structures. The objective of the GeotechnicalTreatment Plan is to provide an efficient description of geotechnical design
features that must be incorporated into the construction effort.
The draft Geotechnical Treatment Plan is to be developed (as necessary) for geotechnical treatments identified at the Design Field View. The final
Geotechnical Treatment Plan is to be incorporated as a set of “Also Plans” in the
PS&E. They are to be sealed by an Engineer registered in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
B. Scope of Work
The Geotechnical Treatment Plan is an index or overview “working drawing”.
For each Geotechnical Treatment Plan use/show:
1. Scale of 1”=200’
2. Topographic base map with alignment, cut/fill limits, roadways and structures.3. Anticipated locations of the types of treatments along with the limits of such
treatments.
4. North arrow.5. Title block.
6. Existing and Proposed Structures
C. Deliverable
The deliverable is submitted as draft and final submissions with the GER. The
draft submission is reviewed and comments are provided.
8.6 Structure Foundation Submission Geotechnical Report Guidelines
A. Objective
The structure foundation submission consists of a letter, foundation plans,geotechnical report and the QA Form D-505.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 120/208
8-15
Oct 201
Typically, the letter references the geotechnical report, foundation plan, and the QAform as attachments. The purpose and objective of the Structure Foundation
Geotechnical Engineering Report (SFGER) is to provide the structure engineer with the parameters used to develop the design, geotechnical constraints on structure design(e.g.; settlement, stability, etc), and geotechnical notes and details related to
construction of the structure.
The geotechnical report includes the foundation plans and QA Form D-505 as
appendices.
B. Scope of Work
The process from collection of field data to foundation approval can be expedited
through the use of three major steps:
1. Collection and Submission of Data to be used for Foundation Design
Upon completion of the boring and testing programs, submit draft versions of the
as-drilled boring location plan, typed engineer’s boring logs, and relevant boring
profiles. Submit a summary of soil, rock and water testing performed, along with
the raw test data. Reference the date of the boring and testing program approval,and note any major discrepancies. Also submit other significant subsurface
information to be considered during foundation analysis (prior to Com 624,
ABLRFD, and similar computer analyses). This information will receive a preliminary QC review for format, content and completeness.
2. Meetings to Informally Discuss Foundations to be Considered and Analyses to bePerformed
After submission of the data and prior to formal evaluation of foundation
alternatives, a meeting (or meetings on multi-structure projects) will be held toreview the data. Depending on the project, parties to the discussion may include the
PTC, GEC, and/or the Design Manager, collectively known as the Geotechnical
Design Management Team (GDMT); the design engineer, the geotechnicalconsultant, and the structural designer. PennDOT representatives will be invited to
participate where applicable. As a result of this discussion, foundation alternatives
will be identified for further evaluation, including cost comparisons, as warranted.The requirement for detailed analysis of any foundation alternative will not be
warranted if the outcome is predictable from review of the basic data.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 121/208
8-16
Oct 2011
The alternative analyses will be summarized, and submitted for concurrence.
Informal discussions will arrive at a consensus as to the foundation type(s)and the general substance of the geotechnical foundation recommendations.
Maintain coordination with the GDMT during analyses. Perform technicaland economic comparisons for the various options considered only whenapproved.
The geotechnical consultant will prepare and distribute minutes of thesediscussions and meetings.
3. Draft and Final Foundation Submission
The submission is expected to include all four major components and meet the
submission requirements of PennDOT DM-4. The following items should be
covered in the SFGER, IN THE ORDER PRESENTED BELOW:
1. INTRODUCTION – Include project location, structure description, and
site description. This should be a brief overview discussion, of not morethan three paragraphs. Provide the general conditions, features, and any
relevant items of note.
2. RECOMMENDATIONS – This is a concise summary of the geotechnicalfoundation recommendations, including the summary table required by
DM-4 subsection 1.9.4.3(a), a list of applicable special provisions and
construction details, a list of the foundation notes to appear on thestructure plans, and design guidance (including geotechnical parameters)
for the structural engineer. Place the table at the front of the text for this
chapter; not at the end of the report. In order to expedite the design, usethe Commission’s Construction Standards and Specifications as a basis for
recommendations. Discuss deviations with the GDMT prior to making
formal revisions. Minimize geotechnical analysis where standardized
details and specifications are applicable.
3. SPECIAL CONCERNS - Provide a paragraph on any special geotechnical
concerns identified. This may include stability, settlement, mining, karst,or other concerns.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 122/208
8-17
Oct 201
4. FOUNDATION ALTERNATIVES AND ANALYSES - Provide a concisesummary of the alternatives considered at each substructure site, and the reasons
for selecting or rejecting each alternative. Reference supporting documents,calculations, analysis and meeting minutes where alternatives were discussed.Provide these documents in appendices. In this section, identify the basis,
analysis performed, and conclusions reached with respect to factors for the
structure (for example, settlement and stability analyses).
5. SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS AT SUBSTRUCTURE UNITS - This should
concisely summarize the geotechnical consultant’s interpretation of the data and
understanding of conditions at each substructure. Soil, rock, and water conditions should be addressed. Include critical or design flood and flow
information. Provide one paragraph for each substructure unit.
6. SITE EXPLORATION AND TESTING - Provide a two-paragraph summary of
the boring and testing program, referencing the boring logs and test results.
7. APPENDICES - Provide the following appendices to the report:
A - draft special provisions and construction details.
B - test boring tracings.C - foundation plan.
D - laboratory test results.
E - subsurface profiles.F - geotechnical analyses.
G - cost comparisons (if needed).
H - relevant correspondence.I – QA Form.
The most important parts of the geotechnical report are items two and seven A,
B and C. These will be the basis for the foundation approval letter and preparation of the foundation elements of the structure plans. The report itself
should be kept to a minimum by avoiding repetitive text while still providing
appropriate documentation to support the recommendations.
C. Deliverable
The deliverable includes the four foundation submission components:
1. Foundation Letter 2. Foundation Plans (SFGER Appendix C)
3. Structure Foundation Geotechnical Engineering Report (SFGER)4. QA Form D-505 (SFGER Appendix I)
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 123/208
8-18
Oct 2011
The submission can be made in one or two volumes, depending on its overall size.
Under most circumstances, a single volume submission is preferred. If a two-volume submission is made, include the foundation letter, geotechnical report text
and Appendices A, B, C, and I in the first volume. The remaining appendices may be in a second volume.
The deliverable is submitted in draft and final submissions. The draft submission
is reviewed and comments are provided. The final submission addresses thecomments and serves as the final Structure Foundation Geotechnical Engineering
Report for the structure or bridge being addressed for the project. The deliverables
are to be submitted as electronic pdf files. Bookmarks within the pdf file should
be provided for each section and appendix of the report. Additionally, a hardcopyof the final submission is required.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 124/208
8-19
Oct 201
8.7 PS&E Review Guidelines
A.
Objective
The purpose of the Plans, Specifications and Estimate (PS&E) review is to review the
draft contract documents to make sure that the design criteria and specifications
contained in the plans, details, and cross sections accurately meet the geotechnicalrecommendations for the project. The objective of the review is for the contract
documents to achieve concurrence with the geotechnical recommendations so the
project may advance forward.
B. Scope
A PS&E review consists of a review of the draft contract documents conducted by thegeotechnical representative responsible for or tasked with the geotechnical portion of
the project. The geotechnical representative is to review the Pre PS&E’s plans, special
provisions, details and cross sections for accuracy and ensure that the geotechnicalrecommendations are being correctly interpreted in the design.
C. Deliverable
The deliverable is to be a QA/QC form signed by the Geotechnical representative and
the Designer that acknowledges the review has been completed and that the PS&E
documents appropriately incorporate the geotechnical recommendations. This form isto be submitted with the PS&E documents. A sample form is provided as an attachment
at the end of the Design Consistency Guidelines.
8.8 Miscellaneous
A. Notes for PTS-100 Use
PTS-100 is intended as a guide for embankment bench design and construction. It is
not intended to replace project-specific analysis of proposed embankments. The limits
and dimensions shown on the details may be modified to ensure adequate stability based on project-specific analysis. The minimum factor of safety required for
embankments is 1.3. For embankments within 50 ft of a structure the minimum factor
of safety is 1.5. It is recognized that problematic areas may exist where the minimumfactor of safety can’t be obtained through reasonable design approaches. In these areas,
the minimum global stability after construction is required to be at least equal to
existing embankment’s stability. This may require back-analysis of existing conditionsto determine appropriate assumptions. It is important that the existence of this condition
be captured in correspondence to the Designer and PTC. Include the extent and limitsof where this situation occurs within the project.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 125/208
8-20
Oct 2011
B. Guidance for Rock Embankment Design
Attempt to utilize on-site materials for embankment construction and avoid a borrow condition. The rock types identified in the PTS standards were selected to perform adequately in cases where geotechnical information is limited or absent.
The Geotechnical designer should evaluate if an onsite rock type of lower quality
is adequate for stability. The future performance of on-site embankment materialscan be aided by observing the performance of existing Turnpike embankments.
Much of the Turnpike has 1½:1 H:V stable slopes which were constructed from
onsite material.
In the GER (but not in contract documents) identify and estimate the amount of
each rock type available from project excavations, i.e., Type B Rock, Type C
Rock and Shale. The sum of these materials will equal the total amount of rock excavation. Assume that rock layers thinner than 10 ft can not be excavated
cleanly without mixing with surrounding material and assign an appropriate
average material type designation.
Attempts should be made to utilize readily available rock types for construction
provided that adequate stability is maintained. In the event that such rock types
do not fit the strict definition of Type A, Type B or Type C Rock, then projectspecific special provisions can be written to allow the use of a suitable project
specific rock type. For example, a “Type B-Modified Rock” special provision
could be developed to permit the use of either a hard siltstone or a suitablelimestone. The Designer should request permission from PTC-Geotech to pursue
a modified type rock material and only allowed from project excavations. This
request should be accompanied by boring logs and testing as justification.
The Contract will define the rock embankment requirements for construction but
not to define the source location of the rock. The only information to be provided
regarding the source of the rock types is in the Soil Profile Plan (included in theContract as Also Plans). Here the laterally continuous and substantially thick
layers (greater than 10 ft) are labeled without any markings delineating the upper,
lower or lateral boundaries. However, the Contract should be clear as to thegeneral acceptability of onsite material for construction of embankments,
especially, steepened embankments.
The Geotechnical designer should work closely with the roadway design team as
the rock embankment requirements (toe bench, drains, blanket, etc.) are being
placed on the contract documents.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 126/208
8-21
Oct 201
Type A Rock
The vast majority of projects do not contain sufficiently thick layers of Type A Rock
which can be excavated cleanly. Therefore, unless otherwise approved by PTC-Geotech, assume that all Type A Rock specified for a project will be obtained from anoutside source. The utilization of Type A Rock should be limited to areas where
significantly high drainage flow is anticipated or high strength is required, i.e., 1:1
embankment. In the contract, provide a borrow quantity for the amount of Type A Rock required for construction. Use typical strength parameters in the range of phi = 40 to 45
degrees or higher for Type A Rock design.
Type B Rock
In order to access the constructability of a project, during design, tabulate the quantity
of Type B Rock available from the project excavation. Do not consider seams less than10 ft thick or seams that are not greater than 90% pure in the tabulation. Furthermore,
use a reduction factor of: 20% for seams 10 to 15 ft thick; 15% for seams 15 to 20 ft
thick; and 10% for seams over 20 ft thick. Identify in-situ locations and quantities of Type B Rock available. Make comparisons between the rock available from
excavations and the rock required for construction. If appropriate, consider staging.
Type B Rock is acceptable as rock toe material, even below drainage, where conditionsare anticipated to be saturated and/or with normal seepage. The typical strength
parameter range for Type B Rock is phi = 36 to 40 degrees.
Type C Rock
Type C Rock is an uncontrolled mixture of all rock available on the project excludinglarge quantities of slaking claystone, redbeds, and other forms of clay, silt, sand or mud.
In some situations, Type C Rock can be specified for use when other rock types are not
available. Typical strength parameters can not be readily defined because of the project
specific nature of this rock type.
C. Dynamic Pile Load Testing Guidelines
GENERAL
A. Driving in accordance with Section 1005.B. Drive test and/or bearing piles to absolute refusal, unless otherwise indicated or directed.C. The amount of Dynamic Pile Test locations is to be determined according to the
characteristics of each structure. Specify two (2) tests per substructure unit unless
otherwise directed .D. The Engineer may request additional piles to be dynamically tested if the hammer and/or
driving system is replaced or modified, the pile type or installation procedures aremodified, the pile capacity requirements are changed, unusual blow counts or
penetrations are observed on any other piling behavior different from normal installation.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 127/208
8-22
Oct 2011
E. When the wave equation supplemented with stress wave measurements and CAPWAP analyses is used to predict the pile capacity, the product of a resistance
factor of 0.7 times the predicted ultimate axial pile capacity must meet or exceed the maximum factored axial pile load shown on the plans.
EQUIPMENT
Use a hammer and capblock which produces an acceptable driving stress range of 60%to 90% of the yield strength of the steel, at absolute refusal.
EXAMPLE
Determining the Allowable Stress Range*
for Steel H Piles:
Yield Stresses (f y
= steel yield strength in ksi):
for ASTM A36 (f yfor ASTM A572 or A690, Grade 50 (f
= 36 ksi)y
= 50 ksi)
Calculation of Driving Stresses:
Using ASTM A36:0.60 x f y0.90 x f
= 0.60 x (36) = 21.6 ksi
y
= 0.90 x (36) = 32.4 ksi
Therefore the driving stresses should range between 22 ksi to 32 ksi for ASTM 36 steel;
or between 30 ksi and 45 ksi for ASTM A572 steel.
Driving stress range applies to both Special Provisions "Piles" and "Dynamic Pile Load Testing".
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 128/208
9-1
Oct 2011
Chapter 9 - PAVEMENT DESIGN
9.0 Permanent Pavement – Flexible Pavement
A. General
The pavement analysis and design shall be completed in accordance with the
following guidelines and in conjunction with the policies and procedures provided
in the AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures and the PennDOTPublication 242, Pavement Policy Manual, hereinafter referred to as AASHTO
and Publication 242, respectively. The pavement design computations shall be
conducted using AASHTOWare DARWin 3.01 software, hereinafter referred to
as DARWin.
The use of the publications noted above does not preclude the application of
engineering judgment for any unusual situations or problems that may be
encountered on a specific project. Federal, state or local regulations may alsorequire deviations from the aforementioned guidelines. All deviations from these
policies and design procedures must be fully documented.
B. Flexible Pavement Design Guidelines
All permanent flexible pavement projects are currently being designed usingSuperpave mix design specifications for wearing and binder. The selection of the
PG-binder is to be in accordance with Commission Specification, Section 409.
For all Turnpike mainline paving, use an asphalt mixture with a 10 to <30 million
ESALs design life for binder and wearing courses. All pavements are to utilize
SRL-E wearing courses.
All projects are incorporating a minimum pavement structure comprised of two(2) inch wearing course and three (3) inch binder course layers, a bituminous
concrete base course layer of variable depth (to be computed), a four inch
drainage layer of asphalt treated permeable base course, and a six (6) inch subbase
layer. The bottom four (4) inches of bituminous concrete base course shall be a“rich bottom mix”. The “rich bottom mix” is achieved by adding additional PG
64-22 asphalt, and will require utilization of the PTC’s Special Provision.
The bituminous concrete base course layer is the only pavement layer that varies
significantly in depth from project to project. The depth of the base course layer is not only a function of the anticipated traffic loadings but also of the subgrade
soil conditions. This is consistent with the Publication 242 design approach for flexible pavements on weak subgrade soils, which is to provide a stronger base
course able to withstand the effects of lower bearing support in the subgrade soils.
It is this layer that is adjusted to provide the needed structural strength required bythe pavement design.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 129/208
9-2
Oct 2011
Roadbed soil testing must be conducted to evaluate the condition of the roadbed
soil. Areas of low subgrade support and/or frost heave susceptible soils must be
identified. Procedures used to improve subgrade support where needed, such asundercutting or subgrade stabilization, must be analyzed and the most feasible
and economical solution chosen that does not reduce pavement thickness.
Methods to reduce the detrimental effects of frost heave on the pavement, suchas undercutting or increasing pavement base course layer depth, shall beconsidered and the most feasible and economical solution chosen. Refer to
Chapters 3 and 5 of Publication 242 for additional guidance on subgrade soil
evaluation procedures.
The following pavement layers are the minimum to be used on any Total
Reconstruction project:
2-inch Bituminous Wearing Course SRL-E, Superpave (12.5mm)
3-inch Bituminous Binder Course, Superpave (19mm)
10-inch Bituminous Base Course, Superpave (25mm) 4-inch Asphalt Treated Permeable Base Course
6-inch Subbase (No. 2A)
25-inch minimum depth
The thickness of the Bituminous Concrete Base Course will be determined by
subtracting the difference between the required structural number of the entire
pavement structure and the structural number of the other pavement layers.
C. Permanent Pavement Design Parameters
This section describes the Design Parameters recommended for use in the designof permanent flexible pavements. For the most part, the parameters given are to
be standard for all projects; however, there are specific parameters that must be
determined by the designer. For example, traffic input parameters must becalculated from traffic data provided by the Commission, and roadbed soil input
parameters must be determined from various test results of soils from the project
area. These computed parameters are noted in Table 9.1.1.
The selection of the design parameters for input into the DARWin softwareshall be in accordance with Chapters 6, 7, and 9 of Publication 242. The ESAL
Calculation method in DARWin shall be used to compute the total 18-kip
ESALs for a project’s performance period. The Compounded Growth Ratecalculation method in DARWin should be used to determine the total 18-kipESALs unless historical evidence or traffic studies show a linear growth trend. If
a linear growth trend exists, then the Simple Growth Rate calculation method in
DARWin should be used. Use either the Specified Thickness Design method
or the Optimized Thickness Design Method in DARWin to determine the pavement layer thicknesses.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 130/208
9-3
Oct 2011
DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS
No reduction will be allowed for stabilized subgrades.
DESIGN VARIABLES
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Initial Serviceability
Terminal Serviceability
Total 18-kips Design ESALs
Reliability
Performance Period
Analysis Period
DESIGN PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Traffic counts to be provided by the Turnpike Commission.
See Table 9.1.2 to convert Turnpike vehicle classifications to
PennDOT classifications.
STRUCTURAL LAYER COEFFICIENTS
Bituminous Wearing Course
Bituminous Binder Course
Bituminous Concrete Base Course
Drainage Factor for Layer Coefficient - Good
Based upon new construction.
STANDARD DEVIATION
Relatively confident of ESAL calculation
20 years
20 years
Must be computed.
See Publication 242,
Chapter 7.
Asphalt Treated Base Course
Subbase
PSI Loss due to Frost Heave of Natural Subgrade
ROADBED SOIL CONDITIONS
Effective Roadbed Resilient Modulus
Natural subgrade bulk sample must be representative of roadbed
soils and must be tested at field moistures. The number of tests is
dependent upon variations in soil characteristics. Adjust the
effective roadbed resilient modulus value for seasonal variations.
Must be computed.
See Publication 242,
Chapter 6.
Must be computed.See Publication 242,
Chapter 9.
98%
4.2
3
0.11
DESIGN VALUE
0.44
0.44
0.40
0.20
1.0
0.45
TABLE 9.1.1 PERMANENT PAVEMENT DESIGN PARAMETERS -
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 131/208
9-4
Oct 2011
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Passenger
Cars /
Non Trucks
99% 1%
2-Axle,
6-Tire1% 61% 27% 3% 1%
3-Axle,
SingleUnit
13% 29% 6% 1%
4-Axle,
Single
Unit
2% 1% 1% 1% 50%
3-Axle,
Single
Trailer
8% 10% 1% 1%
4-Axle,
Single
Trailer
17% 2% 7% 1% 1% 1% 1%
5+-Axle,
Single
Trailer
30% 81% 88% 86% 91% 90% 30%
5+-Axle,
Twin
Trailer
1% 8% 13% 7% 8% 20%
TOTAL % 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
CONVERSION FACTORS TO CONVERT TURNPIKE CLASSIFICATIONS TO
PENNDOT VEHICLE TYPES IN PERCENTAGES
PENNDOTVEHICLE
TYPE
TURNPIKE CLASSIFICATION
TABLE 9.1.2 PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION
PAVEMENT DESIGN MATRIX
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 132/208
9-5
Oct 2011
9.1 Permanent and/or Temporary Median and Outside Shoulders - Flexible Pavement
The following minimum pavement structure is the standard for permanent shoulders:
2-inch Bituminous Wearing Course, Superpave (12.5mm)
3-inch Bituminous Binder Course, Superpave (19mm)
4-inch Bituminous Base Course, Superpave (25mm)
6-inch Subbase (No. 2A)
This standard pavement structure has a structural number of 4.46. If traffic will berunning on the shoulder, a pavement structure must be designed based on roadbed soil
conditions, traffic, and the duration of time that traffic is running on the shoulder. The
permanent shoulder pavement shall be designed using the same roadway pavement
design parameters as detailed in Section 9.0B. The structural number of this pavementdesign shall be checked against the standard 4.46 structural number. If the required
shoulder structural number is less than the minimum 4.46 structural number, then the
standard (minimum) pavement structure shall be used. If the required shoulder structuralnumber is greater than the minimum (4.46) structural number, then the subbase depth will
be increased to a maximum of 12-inches until the required structural number is met. If
the required structural number is not achieved using 12-inches of subbase, adjust both theBCBC depth and subbase depth to achieve the most economical design.
For two-stage construction, signing to keep trucks and buses out of the right lane is
typically used as part of the maintenance and protection of traffic. A value of 25% trucksshould be used for the percentage of all trucks in the design lane for the shoulder
evaluation. The temporary pavement design parameters to be used are provided in Table
9.3.1.
If the maintenance and protection of traffic scheme uses the existing shoulders as part of
the traveled way, then the structural number requirements must be met in addition to
surface milling/overlay work to provide ride quality, if necessary. If these requirementscannot be met, then a temporary pavement shall be designed to accommodate the
anticipated traffic loadings.
For projects such as an overhead bridge replacement, which requires traffic to run on the
existing median or shoulders for a short length of time for maintenance and protection of
traffic purposes, no pavement design is needed. A temporary pavement consisting of a 2inch bituminous wearing course layer on a 6 inch bituminous binder course layer should
be utilized for the short-term traffic pattern.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 133/208
9-6
Oct 2011
9.2 Permanent Pavement for Local Roads and State Routes
Turnpike construction that impacts local or state route roadways will require a pavement
design for the replacement pavement structure or rehabilitation (e.g. mill/overlay) for the
impacted side roads. For local roads, the local municipality ordinances must bereviewed to determine the appropriate design and materials for the rehabilitation or replacement pavement structure. If local ordinances are not available, Publication 242
guidelines shall be followed. The pavement design of the Pennsylvania states routes
impacted by Turnpike construction shall be completed in accordance with Publication242. The pavement design of local routes and states routes must be reviewed and
approved by the local municipality and PennDOT, respectively.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 134/208
9-7
Oct 2011
0.11
DESIGN VALUE
0.44
0.44
0.40
0.20
0.90
0.45
Must be computed.
See Publication 242,
Chapter 6.
Must be computed.See Publication 242,
Chapter 9.
95%
3.6
2.5
Construction Duration
Construction Duration
Must be computed.
See Publication 242,
Chapter 7.
Asphalt Treated Base Course
Subbase
DESIGN PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
Traffic counts to be provided by the Turnpike Commission.
See Table 9.1.2 to convert Turnpike vehicle classifications to PennDOT
classifications.
STRUCTURAL LAYER COEFFICIENTS - NEW PAVEMENT
Bituminous Wearing Course
Bituminous Binder Course
Bituminous Concrete Base Course
Drainage Factor for Layer Coefficient - Poor
STANDARD DEVIATION
Relatively confident of ESAL calculation
PSI Loss due to Frost Heave of Natural Subgrade
ROADBED SOIL CONDITIONS
Effective Roadbed Resilient Modulus
Natural subgrade bulk sample must be representative of roadbed soils and must be
tested at field moistures. The number of tests is dependent upon variations in soil
characteristics. Adjust the effective roadbed resilient modulus value for seasonal
variations.
DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS
DESIGN VARIABLES
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Initial Serviceability
Terminal Serviceability
Total 18-kips Design ESALs
Reliability
Performance Period
Analysis Period
Subbase 0.07-0.09*
* Typically use value at high end of range.
STRUCTURAL LAYER COEFFICIENTS - EXISTING PAVEMENT
Bituminous Courses 0.25-0.35*
Table 9.2.1 TEMPORARY PAVEMENT DESIGN PARAMETERS
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 135/208
9-8
Oct 2011
9.3 Standard Pay Items – Total Reconstruction Pavement
The following is a list of typical pay items for the pavement reconstruction:
2409-0751 SY SUPERPAVE ASPHALT MIXTURE DESIGN, HMAWEARING COURSE, PG 76-22, 10 TO < 30 MILLIONESALS, 12.5 MM MIX, 2" DEPTH, SRL-E
2409-9651 SY SUPERPAVE ASPHALT MIXTURE DESIGN, HMAWEARING COURSE, PG 64-28, 10 TO < 30 MILLION
ESALS, 12.5 MM MIX, 2" DEPTH, SRL-E
(Note: MILEPOST A89 to MILEPOST A130 only)
2409-6660 SYSUPERPAVE ASPHALT MIXTURE DESIGN, HMA
BINDER COURSE, PG 64-22, 10 TO < 30 MILLION
ESALS, 19.0 MM MIX, 3" DEPTH
2305-0003 SYBITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 4”
DEPTH
2305-0005 SYBITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 5”DEPTH
2305-0007 SYBITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 6"
DEPTH2305-0009 SYBITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 7"
DEPTH 2305-0011 SY BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 8"
DEPTH(Note: The minimum depth of BCBC in the roadway
pavement is 6”. Depths other than those listed may be
utilized and would follow PADOT’s item numbering and placing the “2” as the lead -in.)
4305-0003 SYRICH BOTTOM BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASECOURSE, 4" DEPTH
2360-0001 SY ASPHALT TREATED PERMEABLE BASE
COURSE, 4" DEPTH
2350-0106 SY SUBBASE 6" DEPTH (NO. 2A)
The restricted performance specification is not included in the item.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 136/208
10-1
Oct 201
Chapter 10 – GUIDE RAIL AND MEDIAN BARRIER
10.0 Introduction
These guidelines are based on a review of the 2011 AASHTO Roadside Design Guide, the2009 Edition of PennDOT Publication 13M, Design Manual Part 2, Highway Design, current
PennDOT Publication 72M – Roadway Construction Standards, Pennsylvania Turnpike
Commission Standards for Roadway Construction, discussions with and training by FHWAin May and October of 2000, and existing PTC practices for the design and installation of
guide rail on the Pennsylvania Turnpike.
The use of these guidelines should be reviewed for conflicts with more current standards.
The following information and criteria are guides and should be supplemented with sound
engineering judgment. For additional guidelines, refer to the Standards for typical guide rail
and median barrier placement and installation details. Reference should also be made to thesource references listed above.
As written in the introduction to Chapter 12 - Guide Rail, Median Barrier, and RoadsideSafety Devices from PennDOT Design Manual Part 2:
“Highways should be designed through judicious arrangement and balance of geometricfeatures to preclude or minimize the need for roadside or median barrier. To provide for
maximum roadside safety, a thorough study during the early stages of design is necessary to
recognize and eliminate, where practical, those items and conditions which require barrier and impact attenuating devices.
While every reasonable effort should be made to keep a motorist on the roadway, the
highway design engineer should acknowledge the fact that this goal will never be fullyrealized. Motorists continue to run off the road for many reasons, including driver error in
the form of excessive speed, falling asleep, reckless or inattentive driving, or driving under
the influence of alcohol or other drugs. A driver may also leave the road deliberately toavoid a collision with another motor vehicle or with objects on the road.”
The following guidelines should be applied for the design of guide rail and end treatmentinstallations on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. Guide rail and end treatment installations on
state and local roads should follow the procedures as described in the current PennDOT
Design Manual Part 2.
The guidelines discussed in the PennDOT Design Manual Part 2 and the AASHTO Roadside
Design Guide should be used for guide rail and end treatment installations not addressed in
this chapter.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 137/208
10-2
Oct 2011
10.1 Guide Rail
A. General
Installation of guide rail is to be measured on a geometric line in conjunctionwith the white solid line (edge of travel lane). (Measurement should be along
the survey and construction baseline.)
Guide rail is to be installed as far off the roadway as practical. The back edge
of the existing paved shoulder will be the minimum distance from traffic that
guide rail is to be installed.
Guide rail currently located outside of the determined Clear Zone should be
evaluated for possible removal. Specifically, guide rail at the back edge of a
pull-off area should be reviewed to determine if a hazard/obstruction is present behind the existing run of guide rail.
The preferred methods, in order of preference, of terminating the approachend of guide rail are by burial or by Vehicle Attenuating Terminal End
Treatments (VATETs), except at Maintenance Openings.
Flared VATETs (PennDOT Gating Type II) are to be installed according toFigure 10.1.1 and are preferred on tapered runs of guide rail.
Parallel VATETs (PennDOT Gating Type III) are to be installed on a straightline and are preferred on parallel runs of guide rail.
Parallel VATETs for two-way traffic (PennDOT Gating Two-way TrafficType IV) are to be installed on a straight line and are preferred on parallel
runs of guide rail. Application would typically be in gore areas at deceleration
ramps and in gore areas where traffic splits directionally (directional ramps
that traffic encounters after leaving the toll booths).
All Length of Need Calculations shall be performed using the Commissions
LON spreadsheet. The electronic version of this spreadsheet is availabledirectly from the Full Depth Roadway Reconstruction Project portal and shall
be used as provided and submitted with the final deliverables for the project in
both hard copy and original excel file format. See Figure 10.1.2, 10.1.3,10.1.4 and 10.1.5 for samples of input sheets.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 138/208
10-3
Oct 201
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 139/208
10-4
Oct 2011
Figure 10.1.2
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 140/208
10-5
Oct 201
Figure 10.1.3
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 141/208
10-6
Oct 2011
Figure 10.1.4
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 142/208
10-7
Oct 201
Figure 10.1.5
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 143/208
10-8
Oct 2011
B. Clear Zone Concept
For Clear Zone information, refer to the PennDOT Design Manual Part 2,
AASHTO’s “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,” and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide.
C. Slopes
For guide rail installation on fill slopes, refer to the PennDOT Design Manual
Part 2, AASHTO’s “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,”
and the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide.
D. Tapers
Guide rail is to be tapered at 30:1 when the guide rail is located inside the shy
line until either the guide rail reaches the shy line distance or the guide rail
reaches the back edge of the paved normal shoulder, whichever is greater.The shy line is defined as the distance from the edge of the traveled way,
beyond which a roadside object will not be perceived as an obstacle and result
in a motorist reducing speed or changing vehicle position on the roadway. For
a roadway with a 70 mph design speed, the shy line distance is 10 feet fromthe edge of the white line.
Guide rail is to be tapered at 15:1 outside of the shy line unless a parallelguide rail installation is more practical. A 10:1 or flatter slope must be
maintained in front of guide rail tapered at 15:1. If the grading necessary to
maintain the 10:1 or flatter slope in front of the guide rail is more than whatwould be considered incidental to the installation of the guide rail, then note
and include a quantity for this grading.
E. Outside of Horizontal Curves
These guidelines are based on the Pennsylvania Turnpike mainline curvature,
which generally does not exceed six (6) degrees.
Guide rail runs should be determined by using the Length-of-need (LON)
calculations and applying the curve correction factor.
Parallel runs of guide rail should be measured concentrically from the white
solid line with the approach end terminated by burying into the backslope or with a VATET suitable for a parallel installation.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 144/208
10-9
Oct 201
Tapered runs of guide rail should be tapered as measured from the white solid lineat 15:1 over flat grading (10:1 or flatter with 10:1 the most common grade) and
drawn to scale on the plans. Offsets for the Type II, Flared VATET are measured off the tapered line extended.
F. Inside of Horizontal Curves
The guidelines described in the section "Outside of Horizontal Curves" are to be
applied to guide rail installed on the inside of horizontal curves.
Do not use “Horizontal Curve Adjustments” for calculating clear zone widths onthe inside of curves.
G. Length of Need Equation
In an area where multiple hazards/obstructions (bridge abutment or parapet fill,
slopes 3:1 or steeper, endwalls, etc.) are located in close proximity to one another, aLON calculation is to be performed for each hazard/obstruction to determine the
greatest LON distance for that area.
LON calculations are to be performed per the current PennDOT Design ManualPart 2 for each run of guide rail, except where guide rail is being buried in a non-
traversable cut slope.
Use the shoulder width at the obstruction (distance from the white solid line to the
face of the obstruction) for the L2 value in the LON equation.
In locations where the guide rail must be tapered at a rate of 30:1 to reach either the
shy line or the back edge of the paved normal shoulder, include that length of guide
rail tapered at 30:1 with the tangent length of barrier upstream from the obstruction
to determine the L1 value in the LON equation.
Use the 15:1 taper rate in the LON equation (i.e.: b=1 and a=15). For ramp LON
equations, adjust the taper rate in accordance with the ramp design speed.
The portion of the VATET length to be included as part of the guide rail LON is 25
feet.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 145/208
10-10
Oct 2011
H. Recommended Clear Runout Area Behind VATET
Provide the manufacturer's recommended clear runout area behind a VATET.
If the recommended minimum clear runout area is not achievable, or the
economic cost to achieve the minimum value is determined to be restrictive,
then modify the run of guide rail for an acceptable solution without lesseningthe total length of guide rail below the calculated LON value.
I. Burying of Guide Rail
Earth mounds are not to be created for the burying of guide rail.
A concrete anchorage back slope is to be used to bury the guide rail as shownon the Standard Drawings. Where guide rail is to be buried in the roadway cut
slope, extend the guide rail a minimum of 75 feet beyond the cut/fill line at a
taper rate of 15:1, parallel, or a combination thereof. This combination of parallel and 15:1 tapered guide rail can be used for up to 112.5 foot run. The
taper can start prior to the cut/fill line as long as the taper runs a minimum of
75 feet past the beginning of the cut slope. A 10:1 slope must be maintained
in front of guide rail.
When the width needed to bury the end anchorage necessitates a taper length
greater than or equal to 125 feet, install the last 50 feet (or "quick taper") per
the PennDOT Standard Drawings, RC-54M. Extend the guide rail for a
minimum of 75 feet beyond the cut/fill line at a taper rate of 15:1, parallel, or a combination thereof prior to the "quick taper."
For rock slopes 1:1 or steeper, a Terminal Section, Bridge Connection may beused in lieu of burying the end treatment if the nature of the rock slope is that
which would make burying the end treatment not practical or desirable. If a
Terminal Section, Bridge Connection is proposed, the rock at the location is to be reviewed by a Geotechnical Engineer to determine if the rock is compatible
with the anchor bolt connection.
Guide rail may be buried behind the front face of a slope which is 2:1 or steeper. The 75-foot minimum guide rail length is not required here.
J. Trailing End of Guide Rail
The preferred methods, in order of preference, of terminating the trailing end of guide rail are by a Type 2-S Post Anchorage per the Standard Drawings, or
by running the guide rail 50 feet past the hazard/obstruction so that full
tension is developed. A Terminal Section, Single is to be installed on guiderail runs 50 feet past the hazard/obstruction.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 146/208
10-11
Oct 201
K. Drainage Features
If a headwall is required, the headwall is to be installed outside the Clear Zone or at
a distance greater than the recommended deflection rate of the guide rail.
Pipes not protected by guide rail are to be extended, where practical, outside the
Clear Zone.
Drainage ditches, which must be placed inside the Clear Zone, are to be designed to
be traversable if they are not protected by guide rail.
The preferred methods, in order of preference, of addressing an existing drainage
ditch located inside the Clear Zone are by regrading the ditch such that the ditch is
traversable, relocating the ditch outside the Clear Zone, extending existing drainage
pipes to be outside the clear zone, installation of end sections, or installing guiderail. General engineering judgment should be utilized in determining designed
drainage layout. Extension or realigning of drainage features may require the U.S.
Army Corp of Engineers or a PaDEP permit.
L. Rounding of Guide Rail Panel Lengths
Always round up to the next full guide rail panel (12.5 feet) when determining thetotal length of guide rail required in each individual run of guide rail.
M. Treatment of Guide Rail Where Access Ramps Meet the Turnpike Roadway
In cases where the guide rail LON would continue past an Access Ramp entrance,install guide rail as shown for a Driveway Entrance on the PennDOT Standard
Drawings, RC-54M.
In cases where the guide rail LON would end on an Access Ramp entrance, theoptions to treat this condition would be to install a VATET before the Access Ramp
if the hazard necessitating the guide rail can be moved downstream from the Access
Ramp, or install a Driveway Entrance as described above.
N. Treatment of Guide Rail at Maintenance Opening
A Maintenance Opening is defined as an opening in a run of guide rail to allow theCommission's Maintenance Forces access to perform routine maintenance (mowing
of grass, etc.).
Install the Maintenance Opening as shown on the Commission Standard Drawings,PTS-130.
A Type 2-S Post Anchorage is to be used at the guide rail approach and trailing end
treatment at the Maintenance Opening.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 147/208
10-12
Oct 2011
10.2 Concrete Median Barrier and Single-face Barrier
In general, concrete median barrier and single face concrete barrier is to follow the
design guidelines for guide rail in section 10.1 when determining Clear Zone needs.Taper rates are to be per the standard drawings. Shy line taper rates are to be per section 10.1.D of guide rail.
A. Concrete Median Barrier
1. Mainline
• Typically, all median barriers are to be 52-inch concrete glare screen per the RC standard drawings.
• Typically, all median barrier transition sections, tied to various typesof existing barriers at either end of the project, are to be per the PTS
standards.
2. Interchange Ramps
• Typically, all median barriers on two-way ramps are to be 34-inchconcrete median barrier per the RC standards.
• For curves with a radius equal to or less then 250 feet specify five-foot barrier sections from the PC to the PT
Where the two-way ramp split into two single ramps, the 34-inch
concrete median barrier should be designed to follow the deceleration
ramp and taper away from this ramp at the appropriate taper rate for the design speed of this ramp.
Following this procedure, the barrier will typically end in the middleof the gore area between the ramps. An impact attenuator is to be
placed on the end of the barrier at a point outside the calculated Clear
Zone of the deceleration ramp pavement. The gore/shoulder area oneither side of the barrier should be paved and extended a minimum of
12 feet beyond the attenuator (only on ramps outside the full plaza) to
facilitate the ability for maintenance trucks to turn.
In addition, the drainage in this area is to be designed to ensure that no
ponding occurs.
B. Single-face Barrier
Utilize single-face barrier on cut slopes and other areas in accordance with theStandard Drawings
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 148/208
10-13
Oct 201
Utilize necessary transition section(s) and end transition to bury single face concrete
barrier in cut slopes. If guiderail does not connect to the trailing end of the SFCB thenthe SFCB should terminate with the necessary transition(s) and an end transition
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 149/208
11-1Oct 201
Chapter 11 – SIGNING AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS
11.0 Introduction
In addition to these guidelines for Signing and Pavement Markings, refer to the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), PennDOT’s Standard’s: Publication 111M thatincludes the TC-8600 Series (Pavement Marking and Markers) and TC-8700 Series (SignLettering and Spacing); PennDOT’s Publication 236M, Approved Sign Handbook, and thePennsylvania Turnpike Commission Standards for Roadway Construction.
General Notes are not to be repetitious of the Commission Specifications.
11.1 Signing
A. General
Sign wording must be approved by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Major GuideSigns and Overhead Guide signs are to use Clearview Font for all text.All Major Guide and Overhead sign spacing must agree with the sign spacing charts provided in the PennDOT TC’s. Design consultants can use a PennDOT approved signsoftware program; however the output must agree with the TC’s.
B. Presentation of Plans
Identification Numbers are to be provided with signs that are to be new or relocated. Signs
that are to be removed do not require an identification number. Signs that are existing andare to be relocated will use an italicized ID#, while new signs will use PTC CADDstandard font type.
All signs throughout the plan set are to be shown with a rounded border as well as the perpendicular sign edge.
All secondary signing is to be new and to have sign nomenclature, sign size and type ofmount listed under sign. Information for PTC specific signs (i.e. sign nomenclature beginning with “PTC - ___”) will typically be provided by the Commission. Secondarysigning should not have identification numbers.
Secondary signing replaced as part of a mill and pave or single bridge replacement projectare not to be part of a signing plan and will be included in a list as an attachment to thecontract, typically provided by the Commission. Fabrication drawings for PTC specificsigns will be included as an attachment to the contract, typically provided by theCommission.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 150/208
11-2Oct 201
C. Reflectivity
Retro reflectivity of signing must be according to current PennDOT standards.
D. Mounting (Ground/Overhead)
Type A ground mounted signs will be used, when feasible, in lieu of Monopipe signstructures and Type E signs. Gore Area Exit signs to be Type A.
Major guide and supplemental guide signs, mounted on breakaway post mountings, shalhave a minimum 7 foot clearance under the signs regardless if the signs are to be locatedwhere it is very unlikely to be hit by an errant motorist.
See PTS-980 for the Structure Mounted Flat Sheet Aluminum Signs mounting detail ontooverhead structures.
E. Sign Structures
Provide and show guide rail or concrete barrier for sign structures per PennDOT RC’sand Turnpike Standards. See PTS-740 for monopipe structure details.
See Chapter 5, Section 5.7G1 for payment information.
F. Solar Powered Flashing Beacons
The use of solar powered flashing beacons may be required to provide added emphasis of awarning sign, typically a truck rollover sign, where providing power to a standard flashing beacon system is difficult.
G. Wiring/Conduit
For all projects that are including HDPE conduit, indicate that the four colors of theconduit to be used are black, orange, blue, and green. For projects that will also includefiber in the conduit and ITS devices installed and connected to the fiber communication,indicate that black conduit be used for ITS.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 151/208
11-3Oct 201
H. PTC Signing Guidelines for Acceleration Ramps
Warning (Turn, Chevrons, etc.) and/or Other Regulatory Signs (No Parking Symbol, etc.)not included below are to be shown along the ramp and the ramp/mainline area as required by specific site conditions.
The signs listed below are to be shown at appropriate locations in their given order, takinginto account the locations of any necessary Warning and/or Other Regulatory Signsmentioned above.
1. Ramp:a. Emergency Call Box Every Mile, PTC-P12, 72”x36”.
b. Buckle-Up (It’s Our Law), I14-6A, 30”x36”.c. No U-Turn, use R3-4, 36”x36”.d. Notice Unattended Vehicles Removed After 24 Hours, PTC-VR,
30”x30”.
2. Ramp and Mainline Area:a. Interstate Route Marker, M1-1, 36”x36” or 45”x36”. b. Speed Limit, R2-1, 48”x60”.c. Interchange Post Destination Signs, Type A, Size varies.d. Emergency Cellular Telephone (*11), D12-14, 48”x60”.e. Slower Traffic Keep Right, R4-3, 48”x60”.
3. Other Signs to be Considered Based on Existing Conditions:a. Litter fine ($300), I14-4, 30”x24” – (Ramp). b. Yield, R1-2, 48”x48” – (Ramp and Mainline area).c. Speed Enforced From Aircraft, PTC-R211, 48”x36” – (Ramp and
Mainline Area).
I. PTC Access Road Signing
The Private Roadway (PTC-PR) and Private Property No Trespassing (PTC-LAW1) signsare to be located at the intersection of the Access Road and the state/local road. Theexception will be when the Commission’s access off the state/local road is a shared accessFor a shared access, the PTC-PR and PRC-LAW1 signs are to be installed inside theCommission’s property line on the shared access.
See PTS-980 for PTC access road signing.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 152/208
11-4Oct 201
11.2 Pavement Markings
A. General
All pavement markings within the state and local right-of-way must be according tothe MUTCD and PennDOT’s TC-8600 Series. All pavement markings within theTurnpike right-of-way must be according to Commission specifications, standarddrawings, the PennDOT TC-8600 series and the MUTCD within the state and localright-of-way.
B. Patterns
For concrete surfaces, a 10’ black line will be placed directly after the 15’ whiteskip mark. Confirm use with Project Manager.
C. Tapers for Lane transitions
See Project Manager for lane transition taper rates.
D. Lane Transition Arrows.
Lane Transition Arrows are to be located in the ending lane and next to the LaneTransition Signing.
E. Snowplowable Raised Pavement Markers
Overhead Bridges: Confirm use with Project Manager.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 153/208
12-1Oct 2011
Chapter 12 – LIGHTING
12.0 Introduction
This chapter presents the design criteria for the formulation of conventional and high
mast lighting systems. The information herein is written for qualified lighting engineersand to assist them in preparing a uniform and standard lighting design. The designer’s
engineering judgment in the application of the criteria is subject to review and
concurrence by the Commission. The designer shall obtain prior approval from the
Commission on matters of design which raises questions in the application of thesecriteria to a specific condition.
Sources of reference which may be used in addition to this manual are:
• Roadway Lighting Design Guide October 2005, or the latest edition – AASHTO.
• Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and
Traffic Signals – AASHTO.• Publication 408, Specifications and Associated Changes – PennDOT.
• Current Standards for Roadway Construction – Highway Lighting Standard
Drawings, RC-80M, RC-81M, RC-82M, RC-83M, and RC-84M – PennDOT.
• Current Bridge Construction Standard Drawings, BC-721M and BC-722M – PennDOT.
• Design Manuals, Part1, Part 1A, Part 2, Part 3, and Part 4 – PennDOT.
• IESNA Lighting Handbook RP-8-00 Reaffirmed 2005 or the latest edition.
• International Dark Sky recommendations.
• Good Neighbor Policy – The Commission would like to maintain good neighbor status with local residents. Consider the impact of lighting on surrounding residential
areas. Avoid light trespass. The standard Commission lighting design is based onHigh Pressure Sodium (HPS), or Metal Halide semi-cutoff luminaires at a 40-foot
mounting height, Full cut-off luminaires and house-side shielding may be considered,
Lower mounting heights may also be considered, but not desirable. The designer should evaluate concerns and present to the Commission for consideration.
• Local Ordinances – The Commission is considered its own political jurisdiction;however, if local municipalities enforce stricter rules, the Commission may opt to
comply with local ordinances as a good neighbor. The lighting designer will berequired to contact local authorities for their standards.
The Commission will be responsible for all energy and maintenance related costs unless
other provisions are established for these costs. Energy and Maintenance Agreementswith local agencies will be required to establish responsibilities if others will perform
maintenance or supply energy to the lighting system.
During the early stages of design, a pre-design meeting shall be conducted at the
Commission headquarters to discuss lighting design criteria, and to address all project-
specific requirements relating to the highway lighting design.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 154/208
12-2Oct 2011
Where existing lighting systems are being partially modified, the new lighting standards
will match the existing system including pole heights, luminaire and arm types, materials,
etc. If possible, existing lighting standards may be reused on new foundations. If breakaway features are required, current AASHTO requirements must be met.
Lighting systems will be designed and installed to limit light trespass onto adjacent properties. In general, arm-mounted, conventional cobra-head luminaires with cutoff
optics are preferred over high mast or tenon-mounted luminaires. This preference does
not preclude considering the latter systems. These systems should be considered if other
factors such as ease of maintenance, light distribution limits, or economic savings supportan improved final product. House–side shielding on luminaires may be used to minimize
light trespass.
Highway lighting designs typically include a conceptual (Lighting Study) initial, a
preliminary and a final submission. The conceptual (Lighting Study) initial submission
should include an evaluation of options and alternatives such as the use of high mast
lighting, conventional lighting and offset lighting within the project. Also included should be the general limits of the proposed lighting, as well as luminaire mounting
height and wattage data, and any required recommendations to avoid light trespass. The
conceptual (Lighting Study) submission should include typical lighting calculations for each lighting type specified. The conceptual (Lighting Study) initial submission
requirement may be waived by the Commission if the project is clearly not suitable for
high mast or offset lighting, as determined at the pre-design meeting.
Upon approval of the conceptual (Lighting Study) submission, a preliminary submission
should be prepared that includes highway lighting plan sheets indicating each luminairemounting height and offset, and each luminaire location by station.
A preliminary highway lighting report should be submitted along with the plans thatincludes: summary of all lighting design criteria, IES photometric file for the luminaire
and lamp, calculations that indicate the end of rated life average footcandle level,
uniformity ratio and glare ratio for each unique pole spacing in accordance with
PennDOT Design Manual Part 2, Chapter 5. Footcandle calculations shall be provided for ramps, transition zones, toll plaza areas and employee parking lots only. The lighting
of mainline roadways is not required and any lighting falling on these areas is considered
incidental light. The lighting of shoulders is not required.
Negative luminaire overhangs (-5-foot, -10-foot) may be considered in the lighting
design; however luminaire overhangs must be consistent within the same area.
The final submission should include final lighting plans, complete with tabulation of
quantity sheets, circuit wiring diagram sheets, special detail sheets and plan sheets in
accordance with Design Manual Part 3, Chapter 9. Also included in the final submissionshall be wire size calculations, guide rail clearance worksheets, special provisions, cost
estimates and all necessary design information such as roadway cross sections, drainage
plans, contour grading plans, and bridge structure drawings to allow satisfactory reviewof the lighting design.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 155/208
12-3Oct 2011
Sign lighting of overhead sign structures is not required.
12.1 Site Inspection
It is the responsibility of the design consultant to become familiar with existing overhead and underground facilities that may interfere with lighting pole locations. The lighting
design should also be coordinated with proposed facilities such as underground drainage
pipes and inlets, guide rails, utility relocations, overhead sign structures, and bridge
structures.
Attempts shall be made to avoid mounting lighting poles on bridge structures unless
necessary to maintain satisfactory footcandle levels. Where necessary, locate poles asclose to pier locations as possible, the distance from the pier not to exceed one-third of
the length between adjacent piers.
Make arrangements with the Commission for inspection of all existing power supplyfacilities that may be affected by this work. Coordinate with the local electric utility to
determine the type and location of all available electric sources.
Interchange lighting will be controlled from a central location using a photoelectric cell
and lighting contactor. Controls will utilize a manual-automatic switch and High Intensity
Discharge (HID) rated lighting contactor. Avoid locating the photoelectric cell near alight pole to avoid on-off cycling of the lighting system. Time clocks are not acceptable.
12.2 Conceptual Lighting Design (Lighting Study)
A. Mainline Turnpike
1. The Study shall include an evaluation of options and alternatives such as the
use of high mast lighting, conventional lighting, offset lighting, some
combination of high mast & conventional lighting, and some combination of
high mast and offset lighting within the project limits. Note where underpasslighting may be required. Also included should be the general limits of the
proposed lighting, as well as luminaire mounting height and wattage data
2. Lighting warrants are not required. Full lighting shall be provided, however lighting on the mainline roadway is not required. Any spill light is considered
incidental. In areas where ramps run parallel with the mainline, only the ramp
width is considered in the calculations.3. To be considered in the conceptual lighting design is the construction cost
estimate, yearly energy cost comparison, 30 year operation and maintenance
costs, safety concerns, and light trespass concerns.
4. Sample lighting design calculations should be included for each lightingscheme.
5. Provide recommendation for best option with supporting documentation.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 156/208
12-4Oct 2011
B. Mon-Fayette and Southern Beltway Projects
Investigate lighting warrants to determine either full or partial lighting.
1. Full lighting is defined as the complete lighting of the entire ramp length from
the intersection with the cross road to an area merging with the mainline 600-800 feet before (exit ramp) or after the theoretical gore (entrance ramp). This
is applicable to ramps with both toll plaza and non-toll plaza facilities. Cross
road intersections will be lighted. Cross road and mainline Turnpike are not
lighted. Only the ramp width is considered in the lighting calculations for design purposes.
2. Partial lighting is defined as the full lighting of ramps with toll plaza facilities,
as noted in Paragraph (a) above, and the lighting of the intersections of thecross roads, and the partial lighting of the ramp/mainline gore area on the non
toll plaza facilities ramps. Cross roads and mainline Turnpike are not lighted.
Only the ramp width is considered in the lighting calculations for design
purposes.3. As a minimum, the Commission will provide partial lighting.
4. Only Conventional type lighting will be considered. High mast lighting is not
acceptable. Offset lighting will be considered at Mainline Plazas only.5. Lighting warrants will be based on the traffic counts for the roadway “design”
year.
12.3 Preliminary Lighting Design
A. Conventional Lighting
1. Design Criteria
a. All areas
The depreciation (light loss) factor for all High-Pressure Sodium lighting
calculations will be 0.64 and is based on a lamp lumen depreciation factor of 0.80 and a dirt depreciation factor of 0.80. The depreciation (light loss)
factor for all Metal Halide lighting calculations will be 0.56 and is based
on a lamp lumen depreciation factor of 0.70 and a dirt depreciation factor of 0.80. Do not exceed a uniformity ratio of 4:1, average to minimum. The
veiling luminance (glare) ratio) shall not exceed 0.3:1. All illumination
levels shall be indicated at end of rated life.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 157/208
12-5Oct 2011
b. Ramps
Ramp areas are defined as the connecting roadway between the mainline
roadway and the secondary (crossroad) roadway. Toll Plaza ramp lighting
will be continuous, beginning at a point 600-800 feet from the theoreticalgore, extending to the transition zones, and extending from the transitions
zones to the intersection or ramp system of the secondary roadway. No
partial lighting will be considered unless directed by the Commission. The
installation of a “go ahead” light pole along the mainline will not berequired. Do not include the mainline roadway adjacent to the ramp and
gore areas in the footcandle analysis. The target illumination level for all
ramp roadway surfaces shall be 0.60-0.90 average maintained horizontalfootcandles. Actual design average shall not be below 0.60 footcandles.
The minimum illumination level at any point on the roadway surface shall
not be lower than 0.20 footcandles. Unprotected lighting poles that are
within the clear zone will be mounted onto breakaway bases (Type S) and foundations conforming to latest AASHTO requirements. Lighting poles
that are outside the clear zone, or that are protected by guide rail or
concrete barrier will be mounted onto non-breakaway bases (Type A) and foundations conforming to latest AASHTO requirements.
c. Transition Zones
Transition zones are defined as the roadway between a ramp and a toll
plaza area. Transition zones will not extend more than 400 feet from thecenterline of the tollbooths. The transition zones will be designed to
gradually transition the average maintained lighting levels from the ramp
0.60 footcandles to the toll plaza area 1.50 footcandles. All lighting polesin this area will be mounted onto non-breakaway bases and foundations
conforming to latest AASHTO requirements. Lighting circuitry in this
area will be connected to the interchange stand-by generator, where
available, on new interchange projects.
d. Toll Plaza Areas
The toll plaza area is defined as the roadway area extending towards the
transition zone, a distance of 100 feet on either side of the toll plaza from
the toll booth centerline. The toll plaza area will be designed for 1.50average maintained horizontal footcandles. Lighting contribution from
canopy fixtures will not be considered in the lighting design analysis. All
lighting poles in this area will be mounted onto non-breakaway bases and
foundations conforming to latest AASHTO requirements. Lightingcircuitry in this area will be connected to the interchange stand-by
generator, where available, on new interchange projects.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 158/208
12-6Oct 2011
e. Employee Parking Areas
Employee parking areas adjacent to the interchange building will bedesigned for 1.00 average maintained horizontal footcandles. All lighting
poles in this area will be mounted onto non-breakaway bases and
foundations conforming to latest AASHTO requirements. Design special pole foundations with elevated pedestals at all pole locations that may be
subject to vehicle contact within the parking lot. Pedestal foundations shall
be a minimum of 24 inches above the parking lot surface. Lighting
circuitry in this area will be connected to the interchange stand-bygenerator, where available, on new interchange projects.
f. Underpass Lighting
Under certain conditions, underpass lighting may be required to maintain
adequate levels of illumination. These conditions include, but are not
limited to, the overall width of the overpass and the vertical clearance beneath the overpass. If underpass lighting is required, the underpass
roadway will be designed for the same average maintained footcandle as
the roadway outside and adjacent to the underpass area. 70-watt or 100-watt high pressure sodium, wall-mounted luminaires shall be used for
underpass lighting, when possible. If the concrete bridge abutment or pier
cap is greater than 30 feet from the edge of traveled roadway, 70-watt or 100-watt high pressure sodium, overhead-mounted underpass luminaires
will be considered. If overhead-mounted luminaires are required, they
should be attached to the bridge structure steelwork directly over the edgeof pavement. Do not attach the luminaires to the underside of the concrete
deck. Mount bottom of luminaire flush with bottom of steelwork.
Attachment to concrete girders will require a special design. Coordinatewith the bridge design to ensure that all structure mounted lighting items
such as junction boxes, conduits and mounting brackets are included in the
bridge design.
g. Temporary Lighting
On existing reconstruction projects where all, or portions of, existinglighting need to be removed for roadway/toll plaza construction,
temporary lighting will be required to provide adequate lighting to
maintain operations of the toll plaza facility. Temporary lighting mayconsist of wood poles and overhead wiring.
Utilize 250 and 400 watt HPS, M-SC-II conventional (cobrahead)
luminaires on wood poles at a 35 foot luminaire mounting height.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 159/208
12-7Oct 2011
The pole spacing will be based on the following design parameters:
1. 1.0 to 1.5 footcandles, average maintained.2. Maximum Uniformity Ratio of 4.0:1
3. Light Loss Factor of 0.80
4.
Glare Ratio of 0.4:1
Provide arm lengths that provide the required overhangs to the edge of
roadway. 20 foot arms or longer may be required. Refer to Standard
Drawing RC-83M for definitions. Limit overhead spans to 250 feet. Guy poles as necessary. Locate the poles in areas protected from traffic, or
provide protection by use of guide rail, crash barrier or other approved
devices.
Provide material meeting the applicable sections of the Standard
Specifications. New material is not required as long as the performance is
acceptable. Provide Creosote, Penta, CCA or equivalent wood poles as permitted meeting environmental requirements. Provide either copper or
aluminum aerial cable.
Electric service may be provided from the existing lighting circuitry,
existing electrical service from the toll plaza facility or a separate service
drop from a electrical utility company service. Where applicable, power supply material shall meet NEC and Power Company requirements.
Enameled or hot dipped galvanized enclosures may be used in addition to
stainless steel or aluminum. Where applicable, provide luminaires withindividual photoelectric control, or provide a main contactor and
photocontrol at the main power supply location. Ground the lighting
system.
Coordinate any required electrical service drop with the electric utility
company. Select a location for the power supply pole to minimize the
distance to the light fixtures to minimize voltage drop. Size the cable tooperate the luminaires with a maximum 5 percent voltage drop to the end
of the circuit. Provide equipment for the service as required by the
Electric Utility Company and as required to provide an operable lightingsystem. As a last resort, consider the use of portable generators when
electric power is not readily available. Provide a single point of contact
for 24/7 emergency.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 160/208
12-8Oct 2011
2. Luminaire and Light Source Information
a. Photometric Data – The Photometric data utilized in all calculations shall
be in accordance with the latest Commission requirements. The standard light source for conventional lighting is high pressure sodium.
b. High Pressure Sodium Lamps – High pressure sodium lamps with the
following initial lumens shall be used:
Wattage ANSI Designation Rated Avg. Life Hours Initial Lumens
70 S62ME-70 24,000 6,300 (Underpass)100 S54SB-100 24,000 10,500 (Underpass)
200 S66WA-200 24,000 22,000250 S50VA-250 24,000 27,500400 S51WA-400 24,000 50,000
c. Metal Halide Lamps – Metal halide lamps with the following initial
lumens may be specified by the Commission for use in areas adjacent totoll booths and toll plaza buildings:
Wattage ANSI Designation Rated Avg. Life Hours Initial Lumens
250 M58/E-250 10,000 22,000
400 M59/E-400 20,000 36,000
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 161/208
12-9Oct 2011
3. Luminaire Mounting Height
a. Conventional Lighting
The luminaire mounting height is the height of the luminaire above thefinished pavement surface. Pole shaft lengths may vary to compensate for
the difference in elevation between the top of the pole foundation or
anchorage and the roadway surface. This adjustment to the pole shaft is
noted by the C-dimension as shown on the Standard Drawings and shall beindicated on the lighting plans. The standard nominal mounting height for
conventional luminaires shall be 40 feet. Mounting heights of 35 feet and
45 feet may be permitted if special conditions exist. Each CommissionMaintenance District operates a 65-foot bucket truck to maintain lighting
systems. The reach of the 65-foot boom limits excessive pole heights. If it
is necessary for the bucket truck to extend its boom horizontally, the 65-
foot height will be reduced accordingly. The boom will also be used to liftand remove the lighting standard. The weight of the pole may also be a
limiting factor. Verify that Commission maintenance equipment is capable
of servicing luminaires with mounting heights greater than 40 feet if higher mounting heights are required.
b. High Mast Lighting
• The nominal mounting height for high mast lighting is 100-foot.Lighting poles between 80 and 120 feet may be used in the lighting
design to achieve desired results. High mast poles shall not exceed 120
feet.• High mast lighting systems utilizing 60-foot mounting height may be
considered for extenuating circumstances. Approval by the
Commission is required.
4. Roadway Width
Roadway Width is defined as follows:
a. Edge of traveled pavement for all open roadways. Entire cartway (parapetto parapet) on bridge decks. Curb-to-curb for all curbed roadways.
b.
Although shoulders will be incidentally lighted, light levels on these areaswill not be part of roadway lighting calculations.
5. Calculation Methods
Calculations should be submitted in a form that is legible and that can beeasily reviewed. Provide all applicable photometric curves, point-to-point
calculations, straight-line calculations, etc. Provide IES luminaire photometric
information in electronic form. Submit lighting calculations in paper form.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 162/208
12-10Oct 2011
Include a CD-ROM with site-specific software files in VISUAL, version 2.0
or later format for all computer-assisted calculations. Provide all input criteria
for the software including luminaire coordinates.
When a portion or section of the highway is under analysis, it shall be
analyzed by single pole spacing as self-contained areas of analysis (asrequired in PennDOT Design Manual Part 2). While calculation of entire
ramps or roadway areas may assist the designer with layout and spacing of
luminaires, the overall area illumination statistics will not be accepted as
meeting the Commission’s lighting criteria.
The self-contained areas of analysis shall correspond to the highway geometry
under investigation and Commission’s requirements. Each self-contained areashall be considered a flat plain with 0 foot elevation for conventional lighting
calculations. Lighting pole layout parameters shall conform to PennDOT
Design Manual Part 2, Section 5.5-A.
Interchange ramp lighting calculations and tabulations will be submitted in the
form detailed in PennDOT Design Manual Part 2, Section 5.14. Roadway
lighting point calculations will have a transverse spacing that results in aminimum of three rows of analyzed points across each lane of the roadway.
Use a longitudinal point spacing that will result in a minimum of 15 columns
of analyzed points along each lane of the roadway per luminaire spacingcycle. Points should be distributed evenly across the calculated areas and
should be located along the edge of pavement as much as possible.
Interchange toll plaza areas, transition zones and parking lot calculations will
be provided in sufficient detail and with enough lighting calculation points to
determine the adequacy of the lighting system. Maximum transverse and longitudinal spacing of calculation points should not exceed 10 feet.
Provide a separate calculation for each luminaire spacing cycle.
The standard light source for conventional lighting at ramp locations is high- pressure sodium. Either, high-pressure sodium or metal halide light source
may be required by the Commission at transition zones, toll plaza areas and
employee parking lots.
For the preliminary lighting design, the average point method for single pole
spacing shall be used. The Commission utilizes the Visual lighting design program. All designers shall use this program. Other lighting design software
may be approved, but the designer would be responsible for providing the
Commission a registered copy of the software and training at no cost to the
Commission.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 163/208
12-11Oct 2011
Computerized Calculation Information:
Plan view of each calculation zone with all plan information required in 12.3-A with the following additional information;
a.
Point by point shown with footcandle values b. Elevation of statistical area (high mast only)
c. End of Rated Life statistics of the area including Average Illumination,
Minimum Point Illumination and Uniformity Ratio (average to minimum).
d. Glare ratio calculation (conventional lighting only)
B. High Mast Lighting
1. Design Criteria
All roadway surfaces are to be designed for illumination of 0.60 to 0.90
average maintained horizontal footcandle at the end of rated life of the lamp.The minimum illumination level at any point on the roadway surface shall not
be lower than 0.20 footcandles. Do not exceed a uniformity ratio of 4:1,
average to minimum.
Use 400-watt High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamps with the required number of
luminaires necessary to achieve the proper footcandle and uniformity ratio.The maximum number of luminaires permitted at each high mast pole is ten.
If more than 10 luminaires are required, structural calculations for the high
mast pole design, sealed by a Professional Engineer licensed in the state of Pennsylvania, must be submitted for review and approval. Mount luminaires
(Type V distribution) on high mast poles at a nominal mounting height of 100
feet above the road surface. Pole lengths may vary between 80 and 120 feet.Do not exceed a pole length of 120 feet. High mast poles will be constructed
of galvanized steel. Weathering steel is not acceptable for new or replacement
poles. Where applicable, new galvanized steel high mast poles will be used to
replace existing weathering steel high mast poles. Provide at least one portablewinch drive motor for new luminaire lowering ring assemblies.
The required candlepower and footcandle data necessary to accomplish thislighting design shall be furnished to the Consultant by the Commission at the
time of the pre-design meeting. Lumen contributions at angles greater than 75
degrees need not be considered.
Roadway baseline elevations shall be considered when performing high mast
lighting calculations.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 164/208
12-12Oct 2011
2. Calculation Methods
Manual Calculations
NOTE: Manual computations for specific projects may be acceptable with
prior approval of the Commission.
Determine the average maintained footcandle level on the roadway in the
following manner:
a. Locate points at 50-foot intervals on the centerline of all ramps, toll
plazas, and the crossroad, in each direction. The entire illuminated portion
of each roadway shall be considered a separate design entity for theanalysis of high mast lighting.
b. Determine the end of rated life maintained horizontal footcandle level at
each of these points, considering the usable contribution from all poles in
the vicinity of each point.c. Determine the average maintained footcandle level in each section by
adding all footcandle points in that section and dividing by the number of
points in the section. The result shall be between 0.60 and 0.90maintained footcandle.
d. Determine the uniformity ratio of each road section by dividing the
average maintained footcandle level in that section by the minimumfootcandle level at any point in the section. The result shall be equal to or
less than 4:1, average to minimum.
e. High mast pole layout parameters shall conform to PennDOT DesignManual Part 2, Section 5.5-B.
Computer Calculations
The calculation of the footcandle level at each point is to be accompanied by
use of Visual lighting design software, version 2.0 or later as stated in 12.3-A-
5.
a. Divide the interchange area into sections for each ramp, toll plaza, parking
lot and the crossroad. Each roadway shall be further subdivided if the baseline elevation changes more than +/- 5 feet within a 400 foot section
of roadway. Provide baseline elevation data with the calculations for all
roadways where high mast lighting is designed. b. When a portion or section of the highway is under analysis, it shall be
analyzed as self contained areas of analysis. The self-contained areas of
analysis shall correspond to the highway geometry under investigation and
the Commission’s requirements.c. The point to point interval shall be 5 feet longitudinally and transversely
for multilane or wide areas greater than 12 feet.
For single lane areas (equal to or less than 12 feet), the point to pointinterval shall be 5 feet longitudinally and 3 feet transversely.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 165/208
12-13Oct 2011
d. High mast pole location parameters shall conform to PennDOT Design
Manual Part 2, Section 5.5-B.
C. Offset Lighting (Post Mounted Tenon)
Offset lighting shall be considered for use at transition zones, toll plaza areas and employee parking areas where the total roadway width exceeds the limitations of
conventional, arm mounted luminaires. 250-watt or 400-watt metal halide
luminaires shall be considered for use at new interchange locations. 250-watt or
400-watt high pressure sodium luminaires shall be considered for use at existinginterchanges where portions of the existing high pressure sodium lighting system
will remain in operation in the areas noted above.
12.4 Preliminary Lighting Design Report
Provide a Preliminary Design Report including plans, calculations and details in
accordance with PennDOT Design Manual Part 2, Chapter 5.3.
12.5 Final Lighting Design
The final design for proposed highway lighting shall contain all information shown in
PennDOT Design Manual Part 2, Chapters 5.10 and 5.11 as applicable, and as follows.
A. All lighting pole assemblies shall be installed with transformer bases. Provide
breakaway bases (Type S) with frangible type bases and anchor (non-breakaway)
(Type A) bases with non-frangible bases.B. Do not install transformers bases on structure mounted light pole assemblies. Provide
junction boxes (Type JB-25), in the bridge parapets, or retaining walls to be used as a
means for the line splice to the luminaire.C. Maximum arm length for a breakaway pole is 20-feet.
D. All conventional type lighting poles will be truss-type aluminum poles similar in style
and appearance as shown on PennDOT Standard Drawing RC-83M, Sheet 1 of 2.
Conventional steel lighting poles are not acceptable.E. The Commission Highway Lighting Plans are typically bid as a lump sum pay item,
with a breakdown of material items and quantities listed on the lighting plan quantity
sheet for information only. Utilize standard PennDOT pay item material descriptionsto list material items. On Commission projects associated with PennDOT, which may
require Federal participation, detailed “Tabulation of Quantity” summary sheets,
listing all individual unit price pay items and light pole location descriptions shall beutilized. Format to be determined at the lighting pre-design meeting.
F. Typically, Turnpike related highway lighting systems utilize circuitry from a 277/480
volt, 3 phase, 4 wire system, associated with mainline utility building installations,
with lighting connected at 277 volts, single phase,. For remote locations, a 240/480volt, single phase, three-wire system, with lighting connected at 240 volts, shall be
considered. Where only a 120/240-volt, single phase, three wire system is available, a
step-up transformer to 240/480-volt will be considered.G. Provide single pole circuit breakers for all lighting circuits.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 166/208
12-14Oct 2011
H. Additional information in the development of Final Lighting Plans can be obtained on
PennDOT’s highway lighting web site at: “www.dot.state.pa.us/highwaylighting”
12.6 Final Lighting Design Report
Provide a Final Design Report including plans, calculations, details, specifications and construction cost estimate.
A. Plans will be prepared in accordance with PennDOT Design Manual Part 3, Chapter
9.B. Calculations
1. Provide voltage drop calculations for all lighting circuits. Wire loss will not resultin more than 3% voltage drop at any lighting fixture on the circuit.
2. Include a Guide Rail Clearance worksheet for all lighting poles that are located
behind guide rail to ensure that proper guide rail clearances are maintained.
C. Special Provisions shall be included for all nonstandard items.
D. A construction cost estimate for all proposed lighting and all lighting to be removed
and/or modified shall be included in the final design report.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 167/208
12-15Oct 2011
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 168/208
13-12010
Chapter 13 – UTILITIES
13.0 General
A. PennDOT Publication 16M, Design Manual Part 5, Utility Relocation, will be used to guide
this work.B. All utility meetings are to be set up and conducted by the consultant with the minutes
completed for all meetings and uploaded to the website in a timely manner.C. All exchanges of information with the Utilities, submissions to them, and responses from
them, will be the responsibility of the Designer. PennDOT forms are to be forwarded, alongwith the Designer’s drawings, either electronic or paper per the Utilities request. Uponreceipt and approval of relocation plans, proof of property rights, and a completed estimatethe Design manager will prepare a reimbursement agreement for execution by theCommission. Relocation work less than $25,000 can be approved by Commission letterwithout formal action, upon the recommendation the Design Manager. Upon the DesignManager’s review and approval of all required documentation, the Commission will issue a
notice to proceed to the Utility. Prior to the Commission letting the project for bid, theDesigner will be responsible for obtaining the completed form 4181-UC from the Utilitiesand providing to the Design Manager. The Design Manager will be responsible for providing the Utility Clearance Forms to the Commission’s Contract Management Group.
D. Coordinate the design of the entire project with all the agencies having existing (or proposed)facilities within the project limits.
13.1 Utility Tracking Chart
Each design consultant is to maintain a current Utility Tracking Chart that will be kept on thewebsite. This chart is to be updated within five business days of any new pertinent utility
information.
13.2 Gas and Waterline Attachments to Overhead Structures
A. The attachment of gas and waterlines to overhead structures owned by the Turnpike should be minimized.
B. New PTC Crossing agreements will contain a “Loss of Revenue” clause for future coveragedue to possible ruptures, leaks, etc. Shut-off valves will be required at the Commission’right-of-way.
C. The utility will be requested to submit for Commission review an estimate to relocate ontothe structure and to not relocate onto the structure.
D. For overhead structures whose ownership will be transferred to PennDOT, any attachmentwill need PennDOT approval. The Commission will also require shut off valves and a “Losof Revenue” clause.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 169/208
14-1
2010
Chapter 14 – Reserved for future use.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 170/208
15-1
2010
Chapter 15 – ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, MITIGATION AND PERMITS
15.0 Slopes
Design slopes to avoid impacts to environmental factors. Wetland, stream impacts, and drainage
structures will need to be evaluated to determine if slopes need to be steepened to minimize or
avoid permanent impacts. If slopes cannot be steepened, then justification of such (e.g. excessivecost, right-of-way issues, safety, etc.) will need to be provided for permitting purposes.
15.1 Departmental of Environmental Protection
In current DEP applications, there is a section entitled Permit Coordination Review that includes a
Compliance History Review portion. The following is the text of the questions and suggested
reply. We should use this response until otherwise directed.
“Compliance History Review:
Is/was applicant in violation of any permits issued by DEP? ____Yes ____No (Do not check)
If yes, list each permit that is/was in violation and provide compliance status of the permittedactivity (use additional sheets to provide information on all permits).
Permit Program:
Permit Number:
Brief description of non-compliance:
Steps taken to achieve compliance and date(s) compliance achieved:
The commission has obtained hundreds of DEP permits since the mid-1980s. The request for the
above information creates an undue burden on the applicant based upon the volume of records
requested and upon our records retention policy and capacity. In infrequent instances where a non
compliant activity occurred, steps were immediately taken to correct the situation.
Current Compliance Status: __X__ In Compliance ____In Non-Compliance
If the applicant is not in compliance with any law or regulation, permit, order or schedule of
compliance of the Department, provide a narrative description of how the applicant will achieve
compliance including the appropriate milestones.”
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 171/208
15-2
2010
15.2 Submerged Lands Licenses – 105 Permit
The Section 105 Permit should use the following in regard to the submerged lands licenses:
“The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission was created by Act 211 of the PennsylvaniaGeneral Assembly on May 21, 1937.”
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 172/208
16-1
2010
Chapter 16 – ROADSIDE DEVELOPMENT
16.0 Permanent Pull-off Areas
No permanent pull-off (parking) or stopping areas will be designated into Total Reconstruction
projects. All existing pull-off and stopping areas are to be eliminated.
16.1 Landscape Planting
Landscape planting plans, when required, are to be prepared by the consultant and coordinatedwith the PTC Landscape Architect. Coordination with underground utilities, conduit, etc., must be
ensured so maintenance problems do not occur. In addition, these plans should be reviewed to
ensure required Clear Zones and proper sight distances are maintained.
Typically, landscape planting should not be included as a lump sum item in the constructioncontract.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 173/208
17-1
Oct 201
Chapter 17 – Hydrologic and Hydraulic Analysis
17.0 Introduction
The intent of this section is to clarify the Commission’s requirements for the Hydrologic
and Hydraulic Report that will be submitted as a supporting document for Pa Departmentof Environmental Protection. The Joint Permit Application is required for all features that
impact waterways and floodplains. The Hydrologic and Hydraulic Report addresses the
impacts of structures, embankment encroachments, and channel changes due to proposed
design. A report is required for all modified and new structures with a drainage areagreater than 100 acres. The report is to be certified in accordance with Chapter 105 of
Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, and sealed by a professional engineer registered in the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Detailed report content guidelines and format are provided in Section 10.7 of PennDOT Design Manual Part 2. In general, the report should
contain:
• Background information obtained from field view, research, and survey.
• Hydrologic analysis methodology, drainage area, and discharges.
• Hydraulic analysis modeling method and backwater and scour analyses.
• Risk assessment or risk analysis of the impacts on channel and floodplain.
• Summary of waterway and structure data.
• Drawings required for the joint permit application.
17.1 Background Information
Provide or reference background information obtained through field view, research, and
survey. Bind or attach maps, photographs, and reference material.
A. Field View
1. Locate and describe the type, size, and waterway opening of existing structures(upstream and downstream) and the conditions of debris and scour for
comparison with the proposed structure.
2. Describe channel size, nature, and condition of channel and floodplain.3. Record flood history from high water marks and interviews with local residents
and business owners.
4. Determine environmental concerns and aquatic habitat.
B. Research
1. Federal Emergency Management Agency Flood Insurance Studies and Maps.
2. Municipal Stormwater Management Plans per 1978 Act 167.
3. USGS and USACE stream gage data.4. Documented historical flood information.
5. Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission stream stocking data.
6. Pennsylvania Code, Title 25, Chapter 93 – Water Quality Standards.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 174/208
17-2
Oct 2011
7. Existing structure design and rehabilitation plans.
8. Determine soil properties and land use properties for the watershed.9. Check for municipal ordinances.
C. Survey
1. Obtain alignment and profile of roadway and stream channel a minimum of 500feet upstream and downstream for the H&H report.
2. Record low chord and streambed elevations and span lengths of existingstructures, including the upstream and downstream structures.
3. Develop floodplain topography.
4. Identify wetlands and environmentally sensitive areas.
17.2 Hydrologic Analysis
Select the hydrologic analysis methodology and design discharges for the applicablewatershed drainage area from among the approved options listed in PennDOT Design
Manual Part 2.
A. Methodology
1. Select hydrologic modeling method based on watershed drainage area and land
use.2. Use alternate methods in cases where the chosen method produces questionable
results.
3. Compare discharge results from all methods with those obtained through research.4. Select values that produce hydraulic results that correspond with conditions
observed during the field view and obtained from site flood history records.
B. Drainage Area
1. Determine the watershed drainage area above the crossing of the stream of
interest from topographic mapping.
2. Determine drainage area for any other stream(s) that contributes backwater or inany other way affects the stream of interest or that causes negative backwater
effects on the Commission facilities...
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 175/208
17-3
Oct 201
C. Discharges
1. Use the 50-year flood event as the design flood for all mainline structures.
2. Base the design flood for other structures over waterways in accordance with theclassification of the roadway that the structure carries based on Design Manual 2
criteria, unless potential impacts to the Turnpike warrants use of the 50-year flood.3. Include an analysis for the 100-year flood in accordance with DEP floodplain
management criteria.4. Determine additional check floods as required.
17.3 Hydraulic Analysis
Select a hydraulic modeling method that is acceptable to the environmental permitting
agencies and perform a backwater analysis to determine the effects of the project on the
existing floodplain. Include structures, channel changes, and embankment encroachments paralleling floodplains in the same hydraulic model, but address separately in the report.
Provide hard copy analysis results from applicable computer programs, including profilesand cross-sections, as an appendix to the report. Include electronic computer program files
on floppy or compact disc bound into the report using a pocket or sleeve.
A. Modeling Method
1. Select the hydraulic modeling method based on the type and size of the
structure and its impacts to the channel and floodplain.
2. Use HEC-RAS for situations where floodplain topography influences the backwater analysis, including multiple culverts in a series where backwater isaffected.
a. Construct the HEC-RAS model in accordance with the program’s users and hydraulic reference manuals.
b. Model the stream reach of interest and adjoining reaches when backwater
from the adjoining reach affects the reach of interest.
c. Include appropriate discharges for all modeled reaches.d. Locate stream cross-sections in accordance with program guidelines and far
enough along the reach to account for all impacts that could affect flood water
surface elevations.e. Extend cross-sections to a high enough elevation to contain the 100-year
flood.
f. Establish flow boundary conditions based on survey data or water surfaceelevations that result from downstream factors.
g. Model replacement structures in the same manner as existing structures unless
the type of replacement warrants a different technique.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 176/208
17-4
Oct 2011
h. Use the culvert routine to model structures under fill that generate a
headwater to depth ratio greater than 1.0.i. Select the appropriate high and low flow analysis methods for bridge
models. j. Disregard existing silt and sediment deposits that will be removed byhigh flow when modeling the streambed in bridge routines; transportable
deposits do not affect water surface elevations.
k. Disregard streambed shape when modeling natural bottom structures asculverts. HEC-RAS does not consider ground points in its culvert
routine. The program models a level surface across the culvert bottom
based on input invert elevations.
l. Deduct depth of streambed material from overall height of opening or use blocked bottom option to establish reduced vertical height of solid
bottom structures that are anticipated to fill in with streambed material
and are modeled using the culvert routine.m. Use the Generate Report option to provide a reviewable, detailed output
of the HEC-RAS model.
n. Plot HEC-RAS cross-sections and profiles in landscape style to areasonable and consistent scale.
3. Use HY-8 for culvert extensions and similar situations where simplified
backwater analysis is generally accepted. Additional analysis is necessary whenculvert extensions are a different shape, slope, size or material type using the
appropriate reference material (HEC-22, Hx5-5, etc.) to ensure related headwater
elevations.
a. Construct the HY-8 model in accordance with the on-screen menu.
b. Adjust Manning’s value to account for streambed friction for silted-in and natural bottom culverts.
B. Backwater Analysis
Perform a backwater analysis for the existing and proposed conditions to determine
the effects of the structure modifications, embankment encroachment, and channel
change on flood flow.
1. Create an existing condition HEC-RAS model that establishes the base flood
elevations against which the effects of the proposed condition are compared.
2. Superimpose on the existing condition HEC-RAS model the proposed structure
modifications, associated embankment encroachments, and channel changes tocreate a proposed condition model that computes their backwater effect.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 177/208
17-5
Oct 201
a. Use the same stream cross-sections for both the existing and proposed conditions
to the maximum extent possible. b. Avoid adding or deleting cross-sections in the proposed model when possible
adding, subtracting, and re-orienting cross-sections leads to questionable results.c. When adding cross-sections is unavoidable, ensure that reach lengths are adjusted.d. Make reach lengths for the existing and proposed models the same unless channe
changes necessitate modifying the reach length for the proposed condition. Make
the proposed reach lengths consistent with the differences resulting from thechannel change.
e. Justify hydraulic performance of transitions due to culvert extensions with a
dissimilar shape.
f. Maintain the modeled slope of the existing culvert for the culvert extensions unlessthere is a clear and compelling reason to break the slope. The existing slope of the
culvert is best determined by survey of the culvert roof or crown at each end.
g.
Model a “cleaned” streambed for both the existing and proposed conditionsstreambed cleaning is not a justifiable reason for backwater decreases resulting
from the hydraulic analysis of the proposed condition.
3. Account for the effect of any temporary facilities required for construction in an
additional HEC-RAS model.
a. Include a temporary stream crossing when necessary to facilitateconstruction access.
b. Model stream crossings as culverts and size the pipes and embankment
material for normal flow, or greater depending on the anticipated use of thetemporary facility, with adequate freeboard.
c. Model cofferdams and causeways as blocked obstructions.
d. Include the existing and proposed structures in the same model where phasing will require both structures to be in place at the same time.
e. Evaluate the temporary condition for a 2.3-year storm and include a
discussion in the risk assessment. If the backwater from a 2.3-year storm
associated with the temporary crossing is contained within the channel banks, no flowage easements will be required. If the proposed temporary
crossing causes an increase in the 2.3-year that is not contained within the
channel banks and causes additional flooding on land outside the Turnpikeright-of-way, written consent from the affected property owners allowing
this temporary flooding of their property will be required.
C. Scour Analysis
Perform a scour analysis for the recommended structure in accordance with Section
7.2 of PennDOT Design Manual 4 and the equations and guidelines provided inFHWA Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18, Evaluating Scour at Bridges.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 178/208
17-6
Oct 2011
1. Compute contraction scour for all natural bottom structures; compute local
scour for piers and abutments when they are subject to flood flow. Compute scour depths as needed for setting footing depths in accordance
with PennDOT Design Manual 4 PP7.2.4.2. Address aggradation and degradation scour based on field observations. 3. Ignore backwater resulting from existing downstream factors, such as a
confluence with another waterway, when computing scour depths. 4. Determine properly-sized rock for backfilling of substructure excavations
within the floodplain.
17.4 Risk Assessment or Analysis
Include a risk assessment or analysis that addresses permanent and temporary
impacts to the natural and manmade features of the floodplain.
• Perform a risk assessment for impacts that occur in non-sensitive rural locationsand that produce minimal changes in floodwater elevations and velocities.
• Perform a risk analysis for impacts in sensitive urban locations that potentially
produce significant economic damages to existing properties.
17.5 Summary Data
Provide a summary of waterway and structure data. An acceptable blank form Summary
Data Sheet form may be downloaded from the PennDOT website, www.dot.state.pa.us/hh/.
17.6 Drawings
Attach drawings for use in obtaining the joint permit that are consistent with the permit
requirements.
A. Provide a full size site plan that includes the following items:
1. Layout of existing and/or proposed structures, stream channels, and embankment encroachments.
2. Existing and proposed contours.
3. Wetlands.
4. Property lines and owners.5. Location and extent of all survey/HEC-RAS cross-sections.
6. Delineated 100-year flood boundary for existing and proposed conditions.
7. Temporary facilities required during construction (stream crossing, access road,cofferdam, diversion facility, etc.).
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 179/208
17-7
Oct 201
B. Provide an elevation view of the structure that includes the following items:
1. Existing and proposed roadway profile.
2.
Streamed and floodplain configuration.3. Span arrangement and clearances.4. Normal water design flood and 100-year flood water surface elevations.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 180/208
18-1
2010
Chapter 18 – SPECIFICATIONS, ITEM NUMBERS, QUANTITIES AND
COST ESTIMATING
18.0 Introduction
The intent of this section is to clarify the Commissions use of specifications, formattingof quantities and cost estimating procedures. A spec book is not a cook book – actual
thinking and engineering judgment are required.
18.1 Specifications
A. General
Specification for a project consisting of the following:
• PennDOT Publication 408;
• Commission Specifications (CS-XXX);
• Commission Standard Special Provisions; and
• Non-Standard Project Specific Special Provisions
B. PennDOT Publication 408
In general, all work is to be performed in accordance with PennDOT Publication
408 unless replaced by a Commission Specification (CS-XXX) or modified by a
Special Provision.
C. Commission Specifications
Commission Specifications (CS-XXX) replace in whole the correspondingPennDOT Publication 408 Specifications section.
Commission specifications are never changed. They are only modified by projectspecific special provisions.
D. Commission Standard Special Provisions
Commission Standard Special Provisions fall into two categories. Those in
Categories A thru E inclusive and Category F. Each provision includes a date
following the title. When a Commission Standard Special Provision is used as is,with no modifications, the date of that Special Provision is to be shown where
indicated in the title in the spec book but not in the index.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 181/208
18-2
2010
Various Standard Special Provisions in Categories A thru E include different
applications which are identified with an “*” and are typed in bold and italic
lettering. These notes are to be removed by the designer/consultant prior to the provision being included in a spec book.
Various Standard Special Provisions in Category F contain notes to designersmarked with an “*” and are typed in bold and italic lettering or have left space or
XXXX for project specific information to be added. These notes are to be
removed, spaces are to be filled in, and the underline removed (if it exists), prior
to the provision being included in a spec book.
1. Categories A thru E (no modifications)
When a Commission Standard Special Provision in Categories A thru E is
used as is with no modifications, that Special Provision along with the date of
the Special Provision is included in the spec book. Deletion of information not
relevant to the given project does not constitute a modification as long as theremaining information is not revised in any way. As previously noted, the
date of the Special Provision is only shown where indicated for the Special
Provisions in the spec book; it is not shown in the index.
2. Categories A thru E (modified)
When a Commission Standard Special Provision in Categories A thru E is
modified, the Standard Special Provision is replaced with a Project Specific
Special Provision and is included in the spec book as FXX.00. Deletion of information not relevant to the given project does not constitute a
modification as long as the remaining information is not revised in any way.
The date that was associated with the Commission Standard Special Provisionis not used.
3. Category F (no modifications)
When a Commission Standard Special Provision in Category F is used as is
with no modifications, that Special Provision along with the date of the
Special Provision is included in the spec book. Completion of the informationin the blank or XXXX spaces where project specific information is to be
added or deletion of information not relevant to the given project does not
constitute a modification as long as the remaining information is not changed in any way. The date of the Special Provision is only shown where indicated
in the Special Provision in the spec book; it is not shown in the index.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 182/208
18-3
2010
4. Category F (modified)
When a Commission Standard Special Provision in Category F is modified the
item number associated with that Standard Special Provision is changed to
4XXX-XXXX and the date associated with the Commission Standard SpecialProvision is not shown. Completion of the information in the blank or XXXX
spaces where project specific information is to be added or deletion of
information not relevant to the given project does not constitute a
modification as long as the remaining information is not changed in any way.
E. Category F - Non-standard Project Specific Special Provisions
Specifications in this category are those that are specific to a project and either
modify a Commission Specification (CS), a Commission Standard Special
Provision, a PennDOT Specification or do not relate to any of the above. They are
included in Section F in the spec book. No dates are shown with these SpecialProvisions.
18.2 Item Numbers
A. General
The PennDOT Master Items list is used as a basis for establishing item numbers
on a project. Items are arranged on the Summary Sheet, Tab sheets, and in the
Schedule of Prices in exactly the same order as they appear in the PennDOTMaster Items list. Items proceeded by a 0 or 1 indicate that all work pertaining to
that item is in accordance with PennDOT Publication 408. Items preceded by a 2
indicate that PennDOT Publication 408 has been modified by either aCommission Specification (CS) or a Commission Standard Special Provision.
Items preceded by a 3 indicate that PennDOT Publication 408 has been modified
by a non-standard project specific special provision. Items preceded by a 4
indicate that either a Commission Specification (CS) or a Commission Standard Special Provision has been modified by a non-standard project specific special
provision.
In certain instances, the Commission has established standard item numbers for
items covered by either a Commission Specification or Commission Standard
Special Provision that do not appear in the PennDOT Items Catalog. These itemsare identified in the PTC Master Item List and/or the Standard Special Provision.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 183/208
18-4
2010
B. PennDOT Publication 408
Work to be performed in accordance with PennDOT Publication 408 is shown on
the Summary Sheet, Tab Sheets and in the Schedule of Prices with a standard
PennDOT item number. The reference on the Summary Sheet in the columnheaded “Specification Reference” is shown as 408.
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF TAB
ON
SHEET
0205-0100 13,666 CY FOREIGN BORROW EXCAVATION 408
C. Commission Specifications
When a Commission Specification (CS-XXX) is used, the item number to which
that specification pertains is shown on the Summary Sheet, Tab Sheets and in the
Schedule of Prices as 2XXX-XXXX and the reference on the Summary Sheet onthe column headed “Specification Reference” is shown as CS. As an example,
CS-305 “Bituminous Concrete Base Course” and CS-1001 “Cement Concrete
Structures” are Commission Specifications that replace in whole Sections 305 and 1001 in PennDOT Publication 408. When these Commission Specifications are
used on a project, the items to which they pertain are shown on the Summary
Sheet as:
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF TAB
ON
SHEET
2305-0005 12,726 SY BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 5” DEPTH CS
2001-0010 22 CY CLASS A CEMENT CONCRETE CS
D. Commission Standard Special Provisions
The item number to be shown on the Summary Sheet, Tab Sheets and in the
Schedule of Prices is the item number associated with that particular Special
Provision. The reference on the Summary Sheet in the column headed “Specification Reference” is shown as SP. There are instances where Standard
Special Provisions incorporate materials that are required by the particular item of
work but wholly provided by the PennDOT 408 specification without materially
revising the item. These items are identified within the Standard SpecialProvision as a standard PennDOT item number. The reference on the Summary
Sheet in the column headed “Specification Reference” is shown as 408.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 184/208
18-5
2010
For example, if Commission Standard Special Provisions AXX.00 “Construction
Schedule”, B0X.00 “Construction Lighting”, DXX.00 “Shoulder Reconstruction in
Unsuitable Material Areas”, FXX.00 “Temporary Traffic Signals” and FXX.00“Underdeck Protection Shields” were applicable to a project and were to be used
with no modification, they would be shown on the Summary Sheet as follows:
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF TAB
ON
SHEET
2108-0001 --- LS CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE SP
2203-0001 25 CY CLASS 1 EXCAVATION SP
2203-0003 5 CY CLASS 1A EXCAVATION SP
0212-0007 40 SY GEOTEXTILE, CLASS 4 408
2350-0121 15 TON SUBBASE (NO. 2A) SP
2901-0202 10 EA CONSTRUCTION LIGHTING SP
2901-1000 --- LS TEMPORARY TRAFFIC SIGNALS SP2090-0200 5,000 SF UNDERDECK PROTECTION SHIELDS SP
E. Non-standard Project Specific Special Provisions
1. General
Items in this category are those that are specific to a project and either modifya Commission Specification (CS), a Commission Standard Special Provision,
a PennDOT Specification or do not relate to any of the above. The reference
on the Summary Sheet in the column headed “Specification Reference” isshown as SP.
There are instances where Non-standard Project Specific Special Provisionsincorporate materials that are required by the particular item of work but
wholly provided by the PennDOT 408 specification without materially
revising the item. These items are identified within the Standard SpecialProvision as a standard PennDOT item number. The reference on the
Summary Sheet in the column headed “Specification Reference” is shown as
408.
2. Modifications to Publication 408
When a Publication 408 Specification is modified and there is no CommissionSpecification or Commission Standard Special Provision, it becomes a Non-
standard Project Specific Special Provision and the item number will begin
with a 3. The other 7 digits must match the PennDOT Items Catalog. Thereference on the Summary Sheet in the column headed “SpecificationReference” is shown as SP.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 185/208
18-6
2010
For example, if it were necessary to modify the Publication 408 specification
for mobilization to be job specific, the item number would be shown on theSummary Sheets as follows:
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF
TAB
ON
SHEET
3608-0001 --- LS MOBILIZATION SP
3. Modifications to either Commission Specifications or Commission Standard
Special Provisions
The item number associated with the Commission Specification or
Commission Standard Special Provision is changed so that the first number comprising the item number is always a 4. The reference on the Summary
Sheet in the column headed “Specification Reference” is shown as SP.
For example, if Commission Specification CS-305 “Bituminous Concrete
Base Course” and Commission Standard Special Provisions AXX.00
“Construction Schedule”, B0X.00 “Construction Lighting”, and FXX.00“Underdeck Protection Shields” were modified, they would be replaced with
Non-standard Project Specific Special Provisions and included as FXX.00
“Bituminous Concrete Base” Course FXX.00 “Construction Schedule”,
F0X.00 “Construction Lighting”, and FXX.00 “Underdeck ProtectionShields”.
These items would be shown on the Summary Sheets as follows:
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF TAB
ON
SHEET
4108-0001 --- LS CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE SP
4305-0005 12,726 SY BITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 5” DEPTH SP
4901-0202 10 EA CONSTRUCTION LIGHTING SP
4090-0200 5,000 SF UNDERDECK PROTECTION SHIELDS SP
4. Items that do not relate to any PennDOT or Commission Standard
Specification
All items in this category are shown on the Summary Sheet, Tab Sheet and inthe Schedule of Prices as: 4000-XXXX. The reference on the Summary Sheet
in the column headed “Specification Reference” is shown as SP.
Examples of such items are:
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 186/208
18-7
2010
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF TAB
ON
SHEET
4000-0046 --- LS EXPRESS E-Z PASS POWER SUPPLY SP
4000-0047 --- LS UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY SP
4000-0050 --- LSDEMOLITION OF PORTION OF EXISTING TOLL
PLAZA SP
F. Alternate Structure Items
If alternate structures are included with “either/and/or” line items, each like itemof work for each structure must have a unique item number. This unique number
may be associated with the alternate if the alternate provides for “and” items.
This item must also be different than a like item that is not included in the“either/and/or” line items.
The following illustrates the proper item number assignment:
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 187/208
18-8
2010
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF TAB
ON
SHEET
1002-0001 28,000 LB REINFORCEMENT BARS
1002-0053 7,200 LB REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
1002-0153 20 EAMECHANICAL SPLICE SYSTEM FOR NO. 6
REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
EITHER:
4120-0001--- LS BRIDGE STRUCTURE AS DESIGNED, ABC-123
AND:
1002-0114104 EA
MECHANICAL SPLICE SYSTEM FOR NO. 7
REINFORCEMENT BARS
AND:
1002-0152628 EA
MECHANICAL SPLICE SYSTEM FOR NO. 5
REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
AND:
1002-1153538 EA
MECHANICAL SPLICE SYSTEM FOR NO. 6
REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
AND:
1002-018050,395 LB REINFORCEMENT BARS
AND:1002-0190 231,370 LB REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
AND:
1005-11049,205 LF STEEL BEAM BEARING PILES, HP12x74
AND:
1005-1154225 EA STEEL BEAM PILE TIP REINFORCEMENT, HP12x74
OR:
4000-0001--- LS
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE STRUCTURE,
ABC-123
AND:
1005-1104LF STEEL BEAM BEARING PILES, HP12x74
AND:
1005-1154EA STEEL BEAM PILE TIP REINFORCEMENT, HP12x74
EITHER:
4120-0002
--- LS BRIDGE STRUCTURE AS DESIGNED, XYZ-789
AND:
1002-018135,570 LB REINFORCEMENT BARS
AND:
1002-0191200,927 LB REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
AND:
1002-111470 EA
MECHANICAL SPLICE SYSTEM FOR NO. 7
REINFORCEMENT BARS
AND:
1002-1152676 EA
MECHANICAL SPLICE SYSTEM FOR NO. 5
REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
AND:
1002-1153600 EA
MECHANICAL SPLICE SYSTEM FOR NO. 6
REINFORCEMENT BARS, EPOXY COATED
AND:
1005-111412,995 L.F STEEL BEAM BEARING PILES, HP12x74
AND:1005-1164 171 EA STEEL BEAM PILE TIP REINFORCEMENT, HP12x74
OR:
4000-0002--- LS
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGE STRUCTURE,
XYZ-789
AND:
1005-1114LF STEEL BEAM BEARING PILES, HP12x74
AND:
1005-1164EA STEEL BEAM PILE TIP REINFORCEMENT, HP12x74
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 188/208
18-9
2010
G. Item Number Sequencing
All item numbers appear on the Summary Sheet, Tab sheets, and in the Scheduleof Prices in numerical order as if that item were in the PennDOT Items Catalog,
regardless of the first digit. Item numbers associated with Project Specific
Special Provisions (4000-XXXX) are the last item numbers shown in theSummary Sheet, Tab Sheets and in the Schedule of Prices.
An example of the proper arrangement of items on the Summary Sheet, Tab
Sheets, and in the Schedule of Prices follows:
ITEM NO QTY UNIT DESCRIPTION REF
TAB
ON
SHEET
2108-0001 --- LS CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE SP
0205-0100 263 CY FOREIGN BORROW EXCAVATION 408
4305-0005 12,726 SYBITUMINOUS CONCRETE BASE COURSE, 5”
DEPTH SP
0501-0020 8,567 SYPLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT, 4”DEPTH
408
3608-0001 --- LS MOBILIZATION SP
2623-2001 158 LF CONCRETE SAFETY WALL SP
0703-0025 790 CY NO. 57 COARSE AGGREGATE 408
2850-0031 12 CY ROCK, CLASS R-3 CS
2001-0010 56 CY CLASS A CEMENT CONCRETE CS
1002-0190 183,564 LB REINFORCEMENT BARS EPOXY COATED 408
3005-1104 9,205 LF STEEL BEAM BEARING PILES, HP12x74 SP
2018-0001 --- LS REMOVAL OF BRIDGE NO. _________, MP. _____ SP4090-0200 5,000 SF UNDERDECK PROTECTION SHIELDS SP
4000-0001 --- LS REMOVAL OF PORTION OF EXISTING CANOPY SP
4000-0002 --- LS MODIFICATION OF EXISTING CANOPY SP
18.3 Quantities
To be added at later date
18.4 Cost Estimating
When preparing cost estimates, the customary contingencies to be used shall be 20% for
the design field view submission, 10% for the 60% submission and 5% for the pre-PS&E
(90%) submission.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 189/208
19-1
Oct 201
Chapter 19 – PLAN PRESENTATION
19.0 Introduction
All plan drawings are to be developed in accordance with the Pennsylvania TurnpikeCommission’s Engineering Department current CADD standards and the Design
Deliverable Scope with this Manual superseding the current CADD standards where
applicable. All other CADD standards or plan presentation details not covered by the previously noted documents shall be in accordance with PennDOT Publication 14,
Design Manual Part 3, Highway Plans Presentation.
19.1 Tips for Design Field View Presentation
A. Show existing drainage on the proposed cross sections.B. Show proposed drainage on the proposed cross sections.
19.2 Tips for Plan Presentation
A. Right-of-Way lines for all state and township highway easements are not shownthrough Turnpike limited access Right-of-Way.
B. List contract drawings on the title sheet and not in the specifications.
C. On index maps – show Structure numbers, Mile Post, Stationing, etc.
D. Show contours on construction plans only for special conditions.
E. Show match lines between drawing sheets denoting adjacent sheet numbers.F. Right-of-Way numbers and Station/Offset values for right-of-way are not shown on
construction drawings; but, they are shown on the Right-of-Way/Geometry Plan.
G. Show item number on plan for special details that have special provisions.H. Items are to be arranged in the tabulation and summary sheets based on the last three
(3) digits of the first grouping of four (4) digits.
I. Typical sections do not show stationing on final plans.J. Do not include the inlets conditions (CS-605.3) on the plan sheets.
K. Profiles – it is not necessary to show longitudinal drainage.
L. Graphic Scale Bar shall be used on all scaled drawings.M. For Mainline sections, provide Milepost references every tenth of a mile.
N. Labels for BEGINS and ENDS for pavement markings are to run with the stationing.
Do not run the BEGINS and ENDS with direction of travel.
19.3 Tips for Property Plot Plans
A. Take areas should be subtracted from the larger of either the deed area or thecalculated deed area. If the deed area is not able to be obtained, use the calculated
deed area. Areas to be shown in acre units to three decimal places. Square feet to be
used for areas less than 40 square feet. If the deed area is square feet, then show thetake are in both square feet and acres.
B. Calculate and subtract legal right-of-way areas (S.R.’s, Township Roads).
C. Take area descriptions should be based upon the project bearings except for total
takes.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 190/208
19-2
Oct 2011
D. Plots without limited access takes do not need oil, gas or surface mining note.
E. Cut and Fill lines should not be screened on property plot drawings.
F. Proposed and existing roadway pavement lines should be shown.G. Existing PTC limited access right-of-way can be shown as an adverse or exception, as
applicable.
H. Show adverse and exception areas, but do not show the bearings and distances on
these areas.I. Change Pre-Final date in Property Plot block with each submission.
J. Show all features close to the right-of-way that may experience damage (fences,
mailboxes, lights, statues, swings, shrubs, trees, etc.) and features (buildings, septicsystems, wells, etc.) affecting the property assessment.
K. Show details of existing driveways and proposed driveways.
L. Proposed utility work should be shown.M. Remove any hatching where it obscures important topographic features.
N. Required Right-of-Way breaks should be set with whole numbers (+00.00, +05.00,
etc.) when ever possible.O. Scaled offset values should be rounded to the nearest foot.
P. New offset values should be expressed to 2 decimal places.Q. With the exception of “total takes”, avoid creating new right-of-way corners /
changes in direction upon existing property lines. Establish and define new right-of-
way corners by station (plusses) and offset distances from baselines. Creating a new
right-of-way corner / change in direction on an existing property line could require
record research and field recovery of evidence to re-establish that property line.R. If possible, try to avoid creating any new right-of-way or easement corners radial to
spiraled baselines. In spirals, try to make “required” Right-of-Way lines straight lines
originating and ending at points perpendicular to tangents and radial to simple curves.S. A submission of the computer print out denoting all courses and error of closure is to
be submitted with the original deed.
T. Legal descriptions should always be in a clock-wise direction.U. Prime consultants should make all right-of-way submissions.
V. No abandonment or vacations should be shown without approval of legal department.
W. The use of abbreviations should be avoided.
X. Limits of the 100 year flood plain should be shown on the plot when it is in thevicinity of the required take area.
19.4 Tips for Cross Section Presentation
A. Should be presented using PennDOT Design Manual Part 3 and the following:
B. Label Superelevation rates on each section when in transition or pick a point in the
pavement and state the elevation difference from the profile grade.C. Show the following on the cross sections: guide rail with out the start/stop notes,
right-of-way lines, perpetual easements, drainage inserts and super elevation.D. Label the Legal Right-of-Way Lines and Perpetual Easements (i.e. Drainage
Easements, Utility Easements)
E. Ensure that the Graphic Grade (GG) elevations are labeled where applicable.
F. Clearly label the Edge of Barrier elevations at the Concrete Glare Screen when thereveal varies throughout the Graphic Grade transition areas.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 191/208
19-3
Oct 201
G. Provide lateral offsets from the Survey and Construction Baseline to objects that vary with
respect to the Baseline. (i.e. retaining walls, 50’ rounding when SE >6%)
H. Provide lateral offsets and elevations for pavement breakpoints that are not clearlydefined either on the plans or typical sections. (Examples could include, but are not
limited to, interchange gore locations and mainline/auxiliary lane junctions)
I. Label the invert elevations of parallel ditches along with the associated Class 2
ExcavationJ. Provide Earthwork Quantities (Cut/fill) by the overall stage and not each phase in
each stage.
K. Cross section grids are generally acceptable as generated by the design software and only needs to be shown in the area of the cross section.
L. Label inlet conditions along with the required drainage data.
M. Provide benching quantities for earthwork. rock and embankment.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 192/208
20-1
Oct 201
Chapter 20 – SAMPLE LETTERS AND FORMS
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 193/208
20-2
Oct 201
Date
Name
xxxx Township
Address Address
RE: Design Contract No. xx-xxx-xxxx
Total Reconstruction – M il epost xx to M ilepost xx
xxxx Townships
xxxx County
Dear Name:
The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) has initiated preliminary design for the
reconstruction and widening of the Pennsylvania Turnpike from Milepost xx, approximately xx miles
east of xxxx Interchange, to Milepost xx, approximately xx mile east of xxxx Interchange, in xxxx County. The municipalities that are affected include xxxx Townships.
The PTC will conduct a study as one of the first tasks to determine the impacts to utilities, localroad and stream crossings, and properties adjacent to the Turnpike due to the roadway widening and will
investigate and evaluate impacts from flattening existing substandard horizontal curves.
In addition, this project will require the replacement of bridge structures carrying local traffic
over or under the Turnpike and the potential elimination of a few of these low traffic volume structures
during the study task will be evaluated. The PTC will investigate the distribution of local road trafficduring the construction activities at each bridge structure and will evaluate the need for separate
construction contracts in order to utilize effective detour routes where detours are required. Consultant name is under contract with the Commission to perform the study task as well as the design for the project. They may be contacting you in the near future for pertinent traffic or other information. Your
cooperation and input will be greatly appreciated.
At the completion of the widening study task (six to eight months), the PTC will schedule a public officials meeting to discuss our findings and to hear your concerns. Should you have any
questions, please contact me at (717) 939-9551, extension xxxx, or by email at [email protected].
Sincerely,
Name
Title
Figure 20.1 – Notification of Project to Municipalities
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 194/208
20-3
Oct 201
Date
Name
Title of Position Address
Address
RE: Design Contract No. xx-xxx-xxxx Total Reconstruction – M il epost xx to M il epost xx
xxxx Townships
xxxx County
Dear Name:
The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission (PTC) has initiated preliminary design for the
reconstruction and widening of the Pennsylvania Turnpike from Milepost xx, approximately xx miles
east of xxxx Interchange, to Milepost xx, approximately xx mile east of xxxx Interchange, in xxxx CountyThe municipalities that are affected include xxxx Townships.
The PTC will conduct a study as one of the first tasks to determine the impacts to utilities, localroad and stream crossings, and properties adjacent to the Turnpike due to the roadway widening and will
investigate and evaluate impacts from flattening existing substandard horizontal curves.
In addition, this project will require the replacement of bridge structures carrying local trafficover or under the Turnpike and the potential elimination of a few of these low traffic volume structures
during the study task will be evaluated. The PTC will investigate the distribution of local road traffic
during the construction activities at each bridge structure and will evaluate the need for separateconstruction contracts in order to utilize effective detour routes where detours are required. Consultant
Name is under contract with the Commission to perform the study task as well as the design for the
project. They may be contacting you in the near future for pertinent traffic or other information. Your
cooperation and input will be greatly appreciated.
At the completion of the widening study task (6-8 months), the PTC will schedule a public
officials meeting to discuss our findings and to hear your concerns. Should you have any questions, please contact me at (717) 939-9551, extension xxxx, or by email at [email protected].
Sincerely,
Name
Title
Figure 20.2 – Notification of Project to Local Officials
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 195/208
20-4
Oct 201
Date Name
District Engineer Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Engineering District x-0
Address Address
Re: Design Contract No. xx-xxx-xxxx
Total Reconstruction – M il epost xx to M ilepost xx
xxxxxxxx County
Dear Name:
The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission has initiated the design for the total reconstruction of
the Pennsylvania Turnpike mainline from Milepost xx, approximately xxxx miles east of xxxx Interchange, to Milepost xx, approximately xx miles east of xxxx Interchange. Consultant Name will
perform the design for this reconstruction project. Due to the coordination that will be required betweenthe Department and the Commission for traffic control, detour routes, highway occupancy permits, and
other issues, we are writing to inform you of this project.
The total reconstruction project will include the removal of the existing bituminous and concrete
pavement and replacement with a full-depth bituminous pavement, the replacement of the drainage, and the widening of the median from the existing 10-foot width to a 46-foot width, if possible. We are
currently in the Study Phase of this project to determine if a 46-foot width median is feasible, and, if not
what widths can be obtained.
The additional median width will require replacement or possible elimination of overhead
bridges and replacement or widening of the mainline Turnpike bridges to accommodate the proposed typical section. The Commission has identified the replacement or elimination of the following bridgesas key components within this project.
(i) Bridge
Number Milepost
Overhead
or
Mainline Intersecting Feature
Number
of Spans Structure Type
Figure 20.3 – Notification of Project to PennDOT
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 196/208
20-5
Oct 201
Currently, it is anticipated that the study and design work for this project will extend from
___________ _________ through __________ ________. It is also anticipated that construction for themainline Turnpike total reconstruction project will extend from the 200__ through the 200___
construction seasons. However, some of the bridge replacements or possible eliminations may occur in
separate contracts in which the construction could be as early as the 200___ construction season. This
would insure that two bridge crossings in the same vicinity are not being detoured at the same time.
As the design efforts for this project progress, we will continue to keep you informed of any
issues with regard to this project that require Department attention. We currently anticipate scheduling a preliminary coordination meeting for this project between the Department and the Commission at the
end of the study phase/beginning of the design phase, which will be in approximately six months. We
will contact you closer to that time to set up a meeting date, time, and location. Should you have anyquestions concerning this project, please do not hesitate to contact me at (717)939-9551, extension xxxx,
or via e-mail at [email protected].
Sincerely,
Name
Title
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 197/208
20-6
Oct 201
Date
County: Name
Municipality: Name
Map: xx-xx-xx
Parcel Number: xx-xx-xx-xxx
Name Address
Address
Re: Notice of Intent to Enter
Dear Property Owner:
The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission is beginning engineering and environmental studies for
the reconstruction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike from Milepost xx, approximately xxxx miles east of
xxxx Interchange, to Milepost xx, approximately xxxx mile east of xxxx Interchange. In order for thesestudies to be performed, it will be necessary for employees and/or agents of the Commission to enter
properties in this vicinity to obtain information required to complete surveys and obtain information for
permits and reports.
You are hereby notified, pursuant to Act of May 4, 2006, Number 34, Section 1, P.L. 112 known
as the Eminent Domain Code (26 Pa. C.S.A. 309), that in order to conduct surveys, studies, tests,
soundings, core borings, and/or appraisals, it will be necessary for employees and/or agents of thePennsylvania Turnpike Commission to enter your property or properties along, adjacent to, or in the
vicinity of the contemplated highway improvements on or after ten (10) days from receipt hereof and
continuing until the completion of the work. Some or all of the listed work may be done on your property.
The employees and/or agents of the Commission who may need to enter your property have beencautioned to do their work expeditiously, courteously, and with minimal interruption to your use of the
premises. Also, they have been instructed to minimize disturbance of property and to assure its
expeditious restoration. Your cooperation with them in their performance of this necessary work is
gratefully appreciated. Should you have any questions after receipt of this letter, please contact Project Manager Name, at (717) 939-9551, Extension xxxx.
This notice is not
to be interpreted as a condemnation of your property.
Sincerely,
Alphonse P. Lepore, Jr.
Deputy Chief Counsel
Fi ure 20.4 – Intent to Enter
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 198/208
20-7
Oct 201
Date
Name
Address
Address
Re: Design Contract No. XX-XXX-XXXX
Roadway and Br idge Reconstruction f rom
M il epost XXX to M il epost XXX
XXXXXXXX County
Sound Barr ier Meeting
Dear Property Owner:
The Turnpike Commission is currently performing the engineering design work for the
reconstruction of the Carlisle Interchange on the inside of the toll booths. As part of the design effortsfor this project the Turnpike Commission conducted noise analysis studies throughout the project limits.
The noise analysis studies indicated the area along the Eastbound Exit Ramp, south of the Turnpike, as a
potential sound barrier location.
Since your property is adjacent to the potential sound barrier, the Turnpike Commission seeks
your opinion on whether or not the proposed sound barrier should be constructed at this location. If
there is agreement among property owners in the adjacent residential neighborhood to proceed with thissound barrier construction, then the Turnpike Commission seeks your opinion on the appearance of the
proposed sound barrier facing the residential neighborhood.
A meeting is scheduled for Date from XX:XX XM to XX:XX XM at the Location, Address to
discuss the proposed sound barrier for the above referenced project. In order to have an influence on this
process, you must be present at this meeting.
During this meeting, you will be shown the location and height of the proposed sound barrier,
along with texture and color options. A consensus needs to be reached on the desire for a sound barrier,
and if a sound barrier is desired, a consensus also needs to be reached on the texture and color of thesound barrier on the side facing the residential neighborhood.
Please contact me at Telephone Number to let me know if you are able to attend this importantmeeting. Your cooperation in this matter is appreciated.
Sincerely,
Name
Titlecc: Company
Figure 20.5 – Notification of Sound Barrier Meeting
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 199/208
20-8
Oct 2
ROADWAY AND BRIDGE RECONSTRUCTION – MP XXX to MP XXX
PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION
SOUND BARRIER SURVEY
DATE
Where do you live?
• ___Along Hill Drive
• ___Other _________________
___________________ (Specify)
Do you own the property where you live?
• ___yes
• ___no
Do you want a sound barrier constructed?
• ___yes
• ___no
Which wall texture do you prefer? Please rank your first and second choice.(1 for first; 2 for second)
• ___ (A) STONE
• ___ (B) 6” CEDAR
• ___ (C) GRAPE STAKE
• ___ (E) SHIPLAP
Which color do you prefer? Please rank your first and second choice for the
textures chosen above.(1 for first; 2 for second)
• STONE ______ GRAY
• 6” CEDAR ______ RED _______ TAN ______GRAY
• GRAPE STAKE ______ BROWN _______ TAN ______GRAY
• SHIPLAP ______ BROWN _______ TAN ______GRAY
General Comments: ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Please print. Name: _________________________
Address: ______________________
______________________________
Telephone: _____________________
Please leave this comment form with or mail to:
Name
TitleCompany
Address
Addresse-mail:
Figure 20.6 – Sound Barrier Survey Form
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 200/208
20-9
Oct 201
______________________________________________
Name
Company
Address
Address
PlaceStampHere
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 201/208
20-10
Oct 201
GEOTECHNICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE FORM - PS&E REVIEW
PROJECT NAMEPTC DESIGN CONTRACT #
Element of Design:_________________
By signature and seal, I hereby certify that I have completed a review of the PS&E plans, special
provisions, details and cross-sections, and other PS&E documents; and they accurately and appropriately
include the geotechnical recommendations presented in the final approved geotechnical reports for this project.
<stamp here>
___________________________________ __________________________________ Printed Name (Geotechnical Representative) Date
___________________________________ __________________________________
Signature Firm Name
By signature and seal, I hereby certify that I have reviewed the geotechnical reports and incorporated
their recommendations in the design.
<stamp here>
____________________________________ __________________________________
Printed Name (Engineer of Record) Date
____________________________________ _________________________________ Signature Firm Name
Notes:
• A hard copy of this completed form is to be included with the PS&E submission.
• An electronic pdf copy of this completed form is to be submitted with the final project documentation.
Figure 20.7 – Geotechnical Quality Assurance Form-PS&E Review
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 202/208
20-11
Oc
Monument Data & Recovery FormPennsylvania Turnpike Commission
Figure 20.8 – Monument Data & Recover Form
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 203/208
Monument Data & Recovery FormPennsylvania Turnpike Commission
20-12
Oct
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 204/208
Monument Data & Recovery FormPennsylvania Turnpike Commission
20-13
Oct
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 205/208
- 1 -February 2007
APPENDIX A
REQUIRED RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR LIMITED ACCESS
Beginning at a point on the northerly legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, said point
being ______ feet left of and opposite Turnpike Survey & Right-of-way Baseline Station ___________.
Thence along the northerly legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, North _______ East
a distance of ______ feet, to a point being located _________ feet more or less far of and oppositeTurnpike Survey and Right-of-way Baseline Station _____________, said point also located on the
required right-of-way line for limited access.
Thence through lands of grantor, South ___________ East, a distance of ___________ feet, to a point
being located ___________ feet left of and opposite Turnpike Survey and Right-of-way Baseline Station
__________.
Thence through the same, South ___________ East, a distance of ______ feet to a point being located ___________ feet left of and opposite Turnpike Survey and Right-of-way Baseline Station
______________, said point also located on the northerly legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee.
Thence along the northerly legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, North ________ West, a distance of ____________ feet, to the point of beginning.
Containing _______ Acre(s) of which includes __________ Acre(s) of drainage easement for channelchange granted to the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission by Ralph K. Landis and Luella R. Landis by
their deed dated ______________ and recorded ______________, in the Recorder of Deeds Office of and for __________ County at Somerset, Pennsylvania, in Deed Book ___________, at Page ________.
REQUIRED RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR S.R. ____
Beginning at a point on the eastern legal right-of-way line for S.R. _____, said point being located
_________ feet right of and opposite S.R. __________ Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station
_____________, said point also located on the northerly legal right-of-way line for limited access of thegrantee.
Thence along the eastern legal right-of-way line for S.R. ______, by a curve to the right, having a radiusof ___________ feet, an arc length of ___________ feet, and a chord bearing North ____________
East, a distance of _________ feet to a point being located ____________ feet right of and opposite S.R
__________ Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station ____________, said point also located on therequired right-of-way line for S.R. _________.
Thence through lands of the grantors, South _____________ East, a distance of ____________ feet to a
point being located ___________ feet right of and opposite S.R. _________ Survey and Right-of-WayBaseline Station ____________.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 206/208
- 2 -February 2007
Thence through the same, South _____________West, a distance of __________ feet to a point being
located __________ feet more or less right of and opposite S.R. __________ Survey and Right-of-WayBaseline Station __________, said point also located on the northern legal right-of-way line for limited
access of the grantee.
Thence along the northern legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, North ____________ West, a distance of __________ feet to the point of beginning.
Containing __________ Acre(s).
Being portions of the same property The Court of Common Pleas of Somerset County, by Decree of
Distribution dated ____________, and recorded _________, in the Recorder of Deeds Office of and for ___________ County at __________, Pennsylvania, in Deed Book ______, at page ________, awarded
grant and conveyance unto ______________, the grantor herein.
All those certain tracts or parcels of land situated in _______________ Township, Montgomery County,
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, being bound and described according to Pennsylvania TurnpikeCommission Plan No. R/W _______, Contract No. ____________, dated ____________ and as follows
to wit:
REQUIRED RIGHT-OF-WAY FOR LIMITED ACCESS
Area No. 1
Beginning at a point of intersection on the northern legal right-of-way line for limited access of thegrantee and the Required Right-of-way Line for Limited Access, said point being located ______ feet
left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station ________, said point also located _______ feet left of and opposite Existing Turnpike R/W Centerline Station ______;
Thence through lands of the grantor, North ___________ East, _______ feet to a point being located ____________ feet left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station _________.
Thence through the same, North ___________ East, ________ feet to a point being located _________
feet left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station __________.
Thence through the same, South _________ East, ________ feet to a point on the northern legal right-
of-way line for limited access of the grantee, said point being located ____________ feet left of andopposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station ____________, said point also located ______ feet
left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station ___________.
Thence along the northern legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, _________ feet
along the arc of a curve to the left having a radius of ________ feet, the chord of which has a bearing of
South ____________ West and a length of _______ feet, to the Point of Beginning.
Containing ________ Acre(s).
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 207/208
- 3 -February 2007
Area No. 2
Beginning at a point on the southern legal right-of-way line of Jefferson Street (___ feet wide), said
point being located __________ feet more or less left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way
Baseline Station ___________.
Thence along the southern legal right-of-way line of Jefferson Street, North _________ East,
__________ feet to a point on the western legal right-of-way line of Flint Hill Road (____ feet wide),said point being located _____ feet more or less left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline
Station __________.
Thence along the western legal right-of-way of Flint Hill Road, South ____________ East, ________
feet to a point on the northern legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, said point being
located _________ feet left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station _________, said point also located _________ feet left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station
_________.
Thence along the northern legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, South _____________ West, _________ feet to a point being located _________ feet left of and opposite
Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station _____________.
Thence along the same, ___________ feet along an arc of a curve to the left having a radius of
___________ feet, the chord of which has a bearing of South ________ West and a length of _________
feet to a point being located __________ feet left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way BaselineStation _________.
Thence along the same, __________ feet along an arc of a curve to the left having a radius of
___________ feet, the chord of which has a bearing of South __________ West and a length of
__________ feet to a point, said point being located ________ feet left of and opposite Survey andRight-of-Way Baseline Station __________, said point also located __________ feet left of and
opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station ________.
Thence through lands of the grantor, North ____________ East, _______ feet to the Point of Beginning.
Containing _________ Acre(s).
REQUIRED SLOPE EASEMENT
Beginning at a point on the northern legal right-of-way line for limited access of the grantee, said point
being located __________ feet left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station
__________, said point also located _________ feet left and opposite Survey and Right-of-WayBaseline Station
________.
7/14/2019 pa turnpike design consistancy manual 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/pa-turnpike-design-consistancy-manual-2011 208/208
Thence through lands of the grantor, North __________ West, ______ feet to a point on the southern
legal right-of-way line of Jefferson Street (____ feet wide), said point being located ________ feet moreor less left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-Way Baseline Station __________.
Thence along the southern right-of-way line of Jefferson Street, _______ feet along the arc of a curve to
left having a radius of _________ feet, the chord of which has bearing of North _________ East and alength of _______ feet to a point being located ______ feet more or less left of and opposite Survey and
Right-of-Way Baseline Station __________.
Thence along the Required Right-of-way Line for Limited Access (described herein), South
___________ West, ______ feet to a point on the northern legal right-of-way line for limited access of
the grantee, said point being located _________ feet left of and opposite Survey and Right-of-WayBaseline Station _____________, said point also located ________ feet left of and opposite Survey and
Right-of-Way Baseline Station _________.