Sustainability and Energy Statement

Planning Submission Document

FINAL

Lidl Warlingham

Lidl UK GmbH

October 2012

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Client: Lidl UK GmbH Report: Lidl Warlingham – Sustainability and Energy Statement Date: October 2012 Revision Details: Planning Submission Document Previous Revisions: Draft for Review Author: Johnny Lewis, Director Signature: Contact: JS Lewis Ltd 29 Church Road Bath BA1 4BT 07891 320 750 www.jslewisltd.co.uk Registered Company No. 0706 6238 VAT Registration No. 121 2714 62

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Contents List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... 4  Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 5  2   Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8  

2.1   Background ............................................................................................................................... 8  2.2   Scheme Description .................................................................................................................. 8  2.3   Energy Use in Retail .................................................................................................................. 8  2.4   Lidl UK GmbH ........................................................................................................................... 8  

3   Policy Review ................................................................................................................................... 9  3.1   National Policy ........................................................................................................................... 9  3.2   Regional Policy .......................................................................................................................... 9  3.3   Local Policy ............................................................................................................................. 10  3.4   Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 11  

4   Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................................. 12  4.1   BREEAM ................................................................................................................................. 12  4.2   Building Energy Modelling ....................................................................................................... 12  4.3   Technical Viability Assessment ............................................................................................... 12  4.4   Financial Viability Assessment ................................................................................................ 12  4.5   Modelling Assumptions ........................................................................................................... 13  

5   Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 14  5.1   Monitored Energy Demand ..................................................................................................... 14  5.2   The Energy Hierarchy ............................................................................................................. 14  5.3   Summary of Efficiency Measures ............................................................................................ 14  5.3.1   Heating and Domestic Hot Water ......................................................................................... 14  5.3.2   Retail Lighting Measures ...................................................................................................... 14  5.3.3   Ventilation and Air Conditioning ........................................................................................... 15  5.3.4   Fabric ................................................................................................................................... 15  5.4   Energy Demand and CO2 Breakdown .................................................................................... 15  5.5   Clean Energy/Low Carbon Technology .................................................................................. 15  5.6   District Heating ........................................................................................................................ 16  5.7   Renewable Energy .................................................................................................................. 16  5.8   Technology Appraisal Summary ............................................................................................. 16  5.9   CO2 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 16  

6   Sustainability Issues ....................................................................................................................... 18  6.1   BREEAM ................................................................................................................................. 18  6.2   Climate Change Adaptation .................................................................................................... 18  6.3   Water ....................................................................................................................................... 19  6.4   Waste and Recycling ............................................................................................................... 19  6.5   Pollution ................................................................................................................................... 19  

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6.6   Biodiversity .............................................................................................................................. 19  6.7   Future-proofing ........................................................................................................................ 19  

7   Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 20  7.1   Social and Economic Sustainability ........................................................................................ 20  7.2   Environmental Sustainability ................................................................................................... 20  7.3   Compliance ............................................................................................................................. 21  

Appendix A – References ..................................................................................................................... 22  

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Lidl's Emissions vs Other Retailers .......................................................................................... 8  Figure 2 Reference Data for Financial Appraisal .................................................................................. 13  Figure 3: Lidl Emissions vs Market Emissions ..................................................................................... 14  Figure 4 Summary of Energy Demands and CO2 Emissions .............................................................. 15  Figure 5 CHP Viability Findings ............................................................................................................ 15  Figure 6 Summary of CO2 Emissions .................................................................................................. 16  Figure 7 Summary of BREEAM CO2 Emissions .................................................................................. 17  Figure 8 Extract from BREEAM PRE-Assessment ............................................................................... 18  

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Lidl UK GmbH (“Lidl”) is seeking planning permission for the development of a low cost neighbourhood food store in Warlingham, Croydon. JS Lewis Ltd was instructed by Lidl to undertake a technical and financial appraisal of low carbon options for the site, and to draft an energy and sustainability statement for the proposed development. The strategy is also informed by BREEAM assessment work undertaken by RED Consulting.

The proposal represents a major development by the standards defined by the local authority. The energy and sustainability policy targets for major developments in the London Borough of Croydon are analysed in the policy section. As set out in this document, the proposals have addressed local policy requirements on energy and sustainability.

The proposal addresses the energy hierarchy, the target for 25% savings in regulated CO2 in the London Plan, the local guidance and policy on energy and sustainability, BREEAM, and all other headline issues including climate change adaptation, water, waste, pollution, biodiversity and sustainable transport. It achieves the following:

• Energy o Heat recovery on refrigeration, recycled for space heating; o Heat recovery on ventilation, recycled to warm incoming fresh air; o Wall, floor, roof and window U-values that are better than the minimum requirement; o Air tightness of 5m3/m2/hr, compared with the regulation standard of 10m3/m2/hr; o Low heating set points (19ºC sales; 13ºC warehouse in the day: 15.5ºC and 9.5ºC at

night); o Small hot water storage volume (30 litres) via pressurised tank; o Standardised components to ensure efficient servicing and running used; o Appropriate lux levels in specification (400 sales; 500 checkout; 100 elsewhere); o Efficient T5 fluorescent lighting internally with soft-start controls; o Sales area lighting switches on in thirds depending on lux levels, controlled by the

building management system; o Efficient high pressure sodium vapour lighting externally; o Motion detection controls to warehouse, welfare and delivery bay areas; o Lux and timer controls for car park; o Automatic switching of all lighting off and on 15 minutes either side of opening and

closing times; o Intermittent mechanical extract ventilation to WCs; o Fresh-air ventilation to sales area on an as required basis only using gas monitoring; o Free cooling at night where applicable; o Improvement on Part L 2010 of 29%;

• BREEAM o BREEAM Very Good including:

§ Commissioning of building services to BREEAM guidelines; § 3 yr monitoring of energy and water use; § Considerate constructors performance above and beyond best practice; § Site energy and water monitoring during construction; § Adherence to an environmental management system and government timber

procurement standards during construction; § Provision of a building user guide and post-occupancy evaluation; § Energy measures including thermal modelling, high efficiency lighting, glare

control’; § Water and air pollution prevention measures; § Access designed for cycling and pedestrians;

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§ Security input from a specialist; § Innovative credits for energy efficient cold storage; § Provision of a travel plan; § Water usage monitoring and leak detection; § Onsite baler for waste compaction; § Site of low ecological value, with measures designed to enhance site value;

• Climate change o The cooling requirement as modelled is minimal; o Glazing is only proposed to one elevation to reduce solar gain; o Low flood risk site based on evidence from the Environment Agency website; o Water stress is controlled through water-efficient technology in the building;

• Water o Flow control devices in sanitary areas; o 2 credits under BREEAM for water consumption – sufficient for Outstanding level; o Water meters with pulsed outputs incorporated; o Efficient irrigation incorporated;

• Waste and recycling; o 2 credits achieved under construction waste recycling; o Onsite demolition waste to be crushed and reused as recycled aggregate; o Baler to be included onsite; o Onsite segregation of waste provided;

• Pollution; o Biomass avoided due to AQMA; o BREEAM criteria for surface water run-off met; o BREEAM criteria for watercourse pollution minimisation met; o Measures taken to reduce night time pollution;

• Biodiversity o Site of low ecological value; o No evidence of bats or birds onsite; o New planting proposed; o Site value will be improved; o Contractor will appoint a biodiversity champion;

• Sustainable Transport o A transport assessment has been undertaken; o The site has good access for pedestrians and cyclists; o Travel plan to be generated.

This statement has addressed the planning documents set out below:

• NPPF; • The London Plan 2011; • London Borough of Croydon Local Plan (2006); • London Borough of Croydon Draft Core Strategy (2012);

The scheme makes the following achievements:

• 10% low and zero carbon technology o ACHIEVED (heat recovery technology = 29%)

• 25% improvement under GLA policy 5.2 o ACHIEVED (comparing compliant scheme with proposed scheme)

• 20% target set in planning officer’s pre-application documentation; o ACHIEVED (29% compared with 20%)

• BREEAM;

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o ACHIEVED - VERY GOOD rating

Therefore, it addresses and exceeds local policy requirements on energy, CO2 and sustainability.

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2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Background

This document is part of the planning application for the proposed Lidl store in Warlingham, Croydon. It sets out the policy framework, reviews the technical and financial case for low carbon technology and sets out the proposed approach to energy and sustainability.

2.2 Scheme Description

The site lies on the North Western corner of the junction of Limpsfield Road and Tithepit Shaw Lane. The site comprises a two storey Public House building, with car park area to the front, side and rear, and also a garden. The site lies within a primary shopping area within a local centre.

The proposals seek full planning permission for a Lidl food store, 68 parking spaces and associated works. The proposed store will be located in the South Eastern corner of the site facing onto Limpsfield Road, from where access will be achieved. The store is 1,323.3sqm in size, with 1,000sqm sales area. Internally there are 6 aisles. To the rear is the storage area and the welfare block. The Eastern façade incorporates extensive glazing, which is shaded by a bespoke curved canopy. The building design is a mono-pitched, contemporary building.

Parking includes 4 disabled access spaces, and 2 parent and child spaces. An area of mature landscaping screens part of the site from the junction. The proposals also incorporate an area of landcape planting to the South of the site to complement the existing landscaping.

2.3 Energy Use in Retail

The approach to low carbon buildings has evolved from early ‘Merton Rule’ policies that specifically drove onsite renewable energy to an increasing focus on carbon savings, and more recently, closing the gap between design performance and performance in occupation. The proposed revisions to Part L demonstrate an increasing focus on energy efficiency.

Supermarket retail uses have a unique energy demand profile. They tend to require high levels of electricity for refrigerating perishable foods, and for lighting the retail area. Heating and cooling requirements tend to represent a low proportion of the site carbon emissions. Part L and the London Plan policy 5.2 deal with heating, cooling and lighting energy demands predominantly.

2.4 Lidl UK GmbH

Lidl tends to have energy demands well below the UK benchmark for retail uses. In particular, electricity demands are significantly lower. This is a reflection of Lidl’s low cost business model. The company is a convenience retailer offering a limited range of food products at discounted prices within an efficient and convenient environment. A primary consideration for the business model is the minimisation of cost at all stages.

Figure 1 Lidl's Emissions vs Other Retailers

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Typical  convenience  retailer Lidl

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Lidl  vs  Market  Emissions

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3 POLICY REVIEW 3.1 National Policy

In March 2012 the National Planning Policy Framework replaced the former national planning policy statements and guidance notes. The NPPF sets a presumption in favour of sustainable development. Section 10 concerns itself with climate change. In particular, paragraphs 95-97 discuss energy consumption and carbon emissions: “95. To support the move to a low carbon future, local planning authorities should:

• plan for new development in locations and ways which reduce greenhouse gas emissions; • actively support energy efficiency improvements to existing buildings; and • when setting any local requirement for a building’s sustainability, do so in a way consistent

with the Government’s zero carbon buildings policy and adopt nationally described standards. 96. In determining planning applications, local planning authorities should expect new development to:

• comply with adopted Local Plan policies on local requirements for decentralised energy supply unless it can be demonstrated by the applicant, having regard to the type of development involved and its design, that this is not feasible or viable; and

• take account of landform, layout, building orientation, massing and landscaping to minimise energy consumption.

97. To help increase the use and supply of renewable and low carbon energy, local planning authorities should recognise the responsibility on all communities to contribute to energy generation from renewable or low carbon sources. They should:

• have a positive strategy to promote energy from renewable and low carbon sources; • design their policies to maximise renewable and low carbon energy development while

ensuring that adverse impacts are addressed satisfactorily, including cumulative landscape and visual impacts;

• consider identifying suitable areas for renewable and low carbon energy sources, and supporting infrastructure, where this would help secure the development of such sources;

• support community-led initiatives for renewable and low carbon energy, including developments outside such areas being taken forward through neighbourhood planning; and

• identify opportunities where development can draw its energy supply from decentralised, renewable or low carbon energy supply systems and for co-locating potential heat customers and suppliers.”

3.2 Regional Policy The London Plan 2011 includes the following policies:

• 5.2 – Minimising CO2 Emissions o Application of the energy hierarchy; o 25% improvement on Part L 2010, unless clearly demonstrated that the specific

targets cannot be fully achieved onsite; • 5.3 – Sustainable Construction • 5.6 – Decentralised Energy

o Evaluate CHP; o Prioritise connection to existing or planned decentralised energy networks where

feasible • 5.7 – Renewable Energy

o Achieve 20% renewables where viable;

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• 5.9 – Overheating and Cooling o Apply the cooling hierarchy and minimise cooling needs.

3.3 Local Policy Lidl entered into a formal pre-application process with Croydon Borough Council. In a letter dated 11 September 2012, the council officer stated the following on sustainability: “The development will be expected to be highly sustainable and this needs to be demonstrated at application stage. The proposal would be expected to meet BREEAM ‘excellent’ and provide 20% off-set carbon emissions.”

The policy framework for energy and sustainable design is set out below: The Local Plan (2006) Policy SP13

SP13 The Council will seek to minimise the energy requirements of new developments and will expect the use of renewable energy technologies and sustainable materials.

Policy EP16

EP16 The Council will encourage all developments to incorporate renewable energy, but will require proposals for non- residential developments exceeding 1,000 square metres gross floorspace, and new residential developments comprising 10 or more units, whether new build or conversion, to incorporate renewable energy production equipment to off-set at least 10% of predicted carbon emissions, except where: a) the technology would be inappropriate; b) it would have an adverse visual or amenity impact that would clearly outweigh the benefits of the technology; and c) renewable energy cannot be incorporated to achieve the full 10%. Where the 10% requirement cannot be achieved on major developments, a planning obligation will be sought to secure savings through the implementation of other local renewable energy schemes.

Preparing Environmental Performance Standards (Jan 2010) The London Borough of Croydon has provided a guidance document to inform energy and sustainability strategies.1 The main targets stated are as follows:

1. Sustainability assessment; a. BREEAM Excellent for all developments over 1,000sqm; b. BREEAM Pre-assessment required at planning stage;

2. Energy; a. 10% reduction in CO2 from LZC.

Core Strategy Evidence Base (2010) The policy recommendations in the Council’s evidence base were as follows:

“It is recommended that no specific renewable energy target should be set for new developments. Instead, a minimum level of the CSH or BREEAM should be set, with the

1 Preparing Environmental Performance Statements, Croydon BC, January 2010

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expectation that renewable energy will provide a proportion of site energy demand. This will allow developers flexibility while ensuring that the CO2 emissions of new buildings are significantly reduced. The Core Strategy should include a policy allowing the installation of renewable technologies provided that any forthcoming benefits are not outweighed by adverse impacts.”

The Draft Core Strategy (2012) As per the evidence base recommendations, the draft Core Strategy does not include specific standards for renewable energy, or low carbon technology, but rather a focus on BREEAM and Code for Sustainable Homes.

CS6.2 The Council will ensure that future development makes the fullest contribution to minimising carbon dioxide emissions in accordance with the London Plan energy hierarchy (use less energy, supply energy efficiently and use renewable energy) to assist in meeting local and national CO2 reduction targets. The Council will promote the development of district energy networks where opportunities exist due to high heat density or an increase in heat density brought about by new development. This will be achieved by:

a) requiring high density residential developments of 20 or more units to incorporate site wide communal heating systems

b) requiring major development built within 1km of an existing or planned district energy network to be enabled for district energy connection unless demonstrated to be not feasible or financially viable to do so.

c) requiring new build non-residential development of 500m2 and above to achieve a minimum of BREEAM Excellent standard or equivalent;

d) requiring conversions and changes of use to non-residential uses with an internal floor area of 500m2 and above to achieve a minimum of BREEAM Very Good standard or equivalent; and

e) requiring development to positively contribute to improving air, land, noise and water quality by minimising pollution, with detailed policies to be included in the Development Management DPD.

3.4 Discussion The pre-application advice recommended BREEAM Excellent and 20% CO2 savings. The supporting guidance document provided on request also stated BREEAM Excellent as a requirement. However, there is no current adopted policy basis for BREEAM. This was confirmed by officers, who noted that the guidance was based on the draft Core Strategy only. Further there seems to be no policy basis for the 20% CO2 savings target. Current policy and supporting documentation sets a 10% target for regulated emissions (at least) for non-residential developments. Future policy sets out the London Plan as the driving document, which sets a carbon savings target of 25% over regulated emissions. The NPPF is clear that such targets should be met where it is viable to do so.

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4 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 4.1 BREEAM RED Consulting Ltd undertook a BREEAM pre-assessment for the proposed development. The pre-assessment forms part of the planning application.

4.2 Building Energy Modelling A planning stage model of the building was built in SBEM, which is certified as a valid software package for demonstrating Part L compliance at building control stage. The model incorporated the efficient building specification requirements of Lidl and accounted for the site-specific design. This model provided a detailed breakdown of energy demands which were used to assess the viability of clean and renewable energy technology. A number of iterations and combinations of measures were reviewed.

The limitations of building modelling should be noted. Energy use in occupancy rarely reflects modern modelling techniques which tend to be optimistic. A sound understanding of energy use in occupancy and how this is managed is also important.

4.3 Technical Viability Assessment Each technology has different technical limitations including availability of energy demand to service, availability of resource, environmental constraints, availability of technology sizes and other issues.

4.4 Financial Viability Assessment Financial viability is assessed on an asset investment basis. The internal rate of return is assessed for each technology. The technology-specific IRR is then compared with an investment hurdle rate. This is a return on investment that any project has to make for it to be worthwhile investing in.

This hurdle rate is generated from two different component parts:

1. A reasonable supermarket retail weighted average cost of capital (WACC); 2. An additional return requirement for non-core business investments to account for the

opportunity cost of that investment.

WACC values are typically 15% for property development companies. Supermarket retailers tend to have lower WACC values, reflecting the lower risk associated with their business model. However, the property development arms of retailers may employ property development rates. For the purpose of this appraisal, a WACC of 7.5% is used as representative of the retailer, rather than the property developer.

A premium needs to be added where an investment does not represent core activities as it effectively has an opportunity cost for the business. For the purpose of this appraisal, a premium of 5% is applied.

The investment hurdle rate used is therefore 12.5%. If an investment in non-core activities (ie anything that is not convenience retailing) is to be made, it would need to achieve this return.

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4.5 Modelling Assumptions The financial appraisal uses referenced data on costs wherever possible, drawing upon the relatively large body of information that exists. For technology capital costs and operational costs, the table below sets out the references:

Figure 2 Reference Data for Financial Appraisal

Some operational costs were adjusted where current market values were significantly different.

Other assumptions include:

• IRR was 20 yr basis; • RHI and FIT subsidies wherever applicable; • Gas and electricity costs and values commensurate with quarterly energy statistics and

market PPA values.

Technology

Heat%recoveryASHPGSHPSolar%PVBiomassWindSolar%thermalCHP

Reference

Hauser,%May%2012AEA%RHI%Review,%2010AEA%RHI%Review,%2010FIT%Review,%DECC,%March%2012%G%PB%PV%ReportAEA%RHI%Review,%2010%G%midGrange%plus%allowance%for%space%take,%housing%and%delivery%kitElement/Poyry%2009Element/Poyry%2009XRG%quote%2007

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5 ENERGY 5.1 Monitored Energy Demand

Lidl has significantly lower measured emissions than the relevant CIBSE supermarket retail benchmark would indicate:

Figure 3: Lidl Emissions vs Market Emissions

The market emissions are based on the CIBSE benchmarks, derive from a study of over 500 retail outlets. This is reflection on management techniques, a low cost approach to retailing, and the importance of driving down operating costs wherever possible.

5.2 The Energy Hierarchy

The energy hierarchy is promoted by local policy. This prioritises efficiency measures over and above clean energy, and over renewable energy. Clean energy cones second, including heat recovery and gas CHP. Last comes renewable energy. Lidl has been using energy efficiency techniques as a means to reducing energy costs. This is reflected in the measured energy performance as set out above.

5.3 Summary of Efficiency Measures

5.3.1 Heating and Domestic Hot Water

• Low heating set points (19ºC sales; 13ºC warehouse in the day: 15.5ºC and 9.5ºC at night); • Small hot water storage volume (30 litres) via pressurised tank; • Standardised components to ensure efficient servicing and running used;

5.3.2 Retail Lighting Measures

• Appropriate lux levels in specification (400 sales; 500 checkout; 100 elsewhere); • Highly efficient T5 fluorescent lighting internally with soft-start controls; • Sales area lighting switches on in thirds depending on lux levels, controlled by the building

management system; • Efficient high pressure sodium vapour lighting externally;

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• Motion detection controls to warehouse, welfare and delivery bay areas; • Lux and timer controls for car park; • Automatic switching of all lighting off and on 15 minutes either side of opening and closing

times;

5.3.3 Ventilation and Air Conditioning

• Intermittent mechanical extract ventilation to WCs; • Fresh-air ventilation to sales area on an as required basis only using gas monitoring; • Free cooling at night where required.

5.3.4 Fabric

• Wall, floor, roof and window U-values that are better than the minimum requirement; • Air tightness of 5m3/m2/hr, compared with the regulation standard of 10m3/m2/hr;

5.4 Energy Demand and CO2 Breakdown

Having modelled the proposed building and used the above energy efficiency techniques, the following energy demand remains:

Figure 4 Summary of Energy Demands and CO2 Emissions

This energy demand represents compliance with Part L 2010 only, having incorporated the list of efficiency measures stated above. The hot water estimate from SBEM is a great deal higher than Lidl’s experience of hot water use, so electrical demand makes up for the vast majority of CO2 emissions. This reflects the energy profile of supermarket operators, and the significant proportion of energy demand that is electricity. This has its own challenges when considering onsite carbon reductions and low and zero carbon technologies, as most are heat–related.

5.5 Clean Energy/Low Carbon Technology

The scheme proposes to use two different sources of heat recovery to maximise the free heat available. Heat will be recovered from exhaust ventilation air and transferred to incoming ventilation air. Also, waste heat from the refrigeration units will be recovered and used as space heating during the heating season. This has the potential to provide a significant quantity of the annual heat demand.

Gas CHP was considered but found to be not viable:

Figure 5 CHP Viability Findings

Gas CHP made an annual loss. This is because supermarket retail is a poor match for gas CHP at this scale. Gas CHP requires far more significant heat loads before it can be considered viable. Using the smallest available unit on the market, the full load equivalent running hours remained well below CIBSE recommended minimums.

Energy'consumption kWh/sqm kWh kgCO2/kWh kgCO2 kgCO2/sqmHeating 16.52------------------- 21,856----------------- 0.52---------------- 11,300------------ 8.54----------------Cooling 6----------------------- 6----------------------- 0.52---------------- 6------------------ 6------------------Auxiliary 28.97------------------- 38,327----------------- 0.52---------------- 19,815------------ 14.98--------------Lighting 31.66------------------- 41,886----------------- 0.52---------------- 21,655------------ 16.37--------------Hot-Water 9.64--------------------- 12,754----------------- 0.52---------------- 6,594-------------- 4.98----------------Equipment 6----------------------- 6------------------ 6------------------ 6------------------Total 86.79------------------- 114,823--------------- 59,364------------ 44.9----------------

TechnologyCHP

Capex Payback IRR Viability6Discussion27,000£)))))))) (Never) (Nil) Makes)annual)loss

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5.6 District Heating

There are no known district heat schemes in the vicinity, and it is unlikely that they would be able to supply energy at a competitive price to Lidl’s current energy costs. Connection is therefore not viable.

5.7 Renewable Energy

Heat technologies were considered on both technical and financial grounds. The investment methodology set out at the beginning of this report was applied, using all available incentives. None was considered viable. The section below sets out the issues in summary:

• Solar thermal is not viable due to the very low hot water demand and the competitive gas prices that large retailers can achieve (9% IRR, but based on unrealistic inflated hot water demand in SBEM);

• Biomass is inappropriate technically as it is below 500kW, and the Borough is an air quality management area. Further, the heat demand does not warrant it (0% IRR);

• Ground source would never make a positive return due to the very low heat demand (annual loss).

Solar PV and wind technology are the only renewable electricity technologies available for this type of development. These were also reviewed in detail and rejected on viability.

• Solar PV make a return well below the hurdle rate for investment (2% IRR) • Wind is inappropriate in this urban location.

5.8 Technology Appraisal Summary

The energy hierarchy has been applied. Energy efficiency, clean energy and renewable energy all contribute to achieve a saving over and above Part L 2010. The proposed technologies are as follows:

• Effficiency measures as detailed earlier which help to achieve Part L compliance, but don’t achieve much more;

• Ventilation heat recovery; • Refrigeration heat recovery for the majority of space heating demands.

5.9 CO2 Summary

A summary of the emissions savings is set out below:

Figure 6 Summary of CO2 Emissions

Emissions'Summary'TableCompliant HR'Ventilation RHR'+'HP

kgCO2 kgCO2 kgCO2Heating 11,300''''''''''''''''' 5,451''''''''''''''''''' 691'''''''''''''''''Cooling E''''''''''''''''''''''' E''''''''''''''''''''''' E''''''''''''''''''Auxiliary 19,815''''''''''''''''' 13,023''''''''''''''''' 13,023''''''''''''Lighting 21,655''''''''''''''''' 21,655''''''''''''''''' 21,655''''''''''''Hot'Water 6,594''''''''''''''''''' 6,594''''''''''''''''''' 6,594''''''''''''''Total 59,364''''''''''''''''' 46,723''''''''''''''''' 41,963''''''''''''Savings 17,401''''''''''''Total'savings 29%

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In meeting the planning targets, the following can be stated:

1. 10% low and zero carbon technology a. ACHIEVED (heat recovery technology = 29%)

2. 25% improvement under GLA policy 5.2 a. ACHIEVED (comparing compliant scheme with proposed scheme)

3. 20% target set in planning officer’s pre-application documentation; a. ACHIEVED (29% compared with 20%)

As noted above, comparing the original Part L 2010 compliant boiler-based scheme, the overall savings are 29%.

Figure 7 Summary of BREEAM CO2 Emissions

BREEAM&Emissions&Summary&TableNotional Actual

kgCO2 kgCO2Heating 1,642&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 691&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Cooling C&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Auxiliary 12,257&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 13,023&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Lighting 31,799&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 21,655&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Hot&Water 6,943&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 6,594&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Equipment C&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Total 52,640&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 41,963&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Savings 10,677&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Total&savings 20%

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6 SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES 6.1 BREEAM

The proposed development has been subjected to a BREEAM pre-assessment by RED Consulting. It is currently achieving a score of Very Good. The pre-assessment is submitted separately as part of this planning application. The summary of estimated credit performance is as follows:

Figure 8 Extract from BREEAM PRE-Assessment

Some of the measures include:

1. Commissioning of building services to BREEAM guidelines; 2. 3 yr monitoring of energy and water use; 3. Considerate constructors performance above and beyond best practice; 4. Site energy and water monitoring during construction; 5. Adherence to an environmental management system and government timber procurement

standards during construction; 6. Provision of a building user guide and post-occupancy evaluation; 7. Energy measures including thermal modelling, high efficiency lighting, glare control’; 8. Water and air pollution prevention measures; 9. Access designed for cycling and pedestrians; 10. Security input from a specialist; 11. Innovative credits for energy efficient cold storage; 12. Provision of a travel plan (to be done); 13. Water usage monitoring and leak detection; 14. Onsite baler for waste compaction; 15. Site of low ecological value, with measures designed to enhance site value.

As this is only a pre-assessment at planning stage, some credits may alter as the scheme progresses.

6.2 Climate Change Adaptation

Energy in building use is a key contributor to the UK’s carbon emissions. The energy hierarchy sets out the order of importance for the adoption of different carbon saving measures:

• Reduce energy use; • Use clean energy sources.

BREEAM 2011 New Construction Pre-Assessment Estimator

Building name Lidl WarlinghamIndicative building score (%) 57.81%

Indicative BREEAM rating Pre-Assessment result indicates potential for BREEAM Very Good ratingIndicative minimum standards level achieved Pre-Assessment result indicates the minimum standards for Excellent level

Environmental SectionIndicative % Score

AvailableIndicative % Score

AchievedManagement 12.00% 7.64%

Health & Wellbeing 15.00% 9.00%Energy 19.00% 10.56%

Transport 8.00% 2.67%Water 6.00% 4.00%

Materials 12.50% 9.38%Waste 7.50% 2.50%

Land Use and Ecology 10.00% 7.00%Pollution 10.00% 3.08%

Innovation 10.00% 2.00%

This assessment and indicative BREEAM rating is not a formal certified BREEAM assessment or rating and must not be communicated as such. The score presented is indicative of a buildings potential performance and is based on a simplified pre-formal BREEAM assessment and unverified commitments given at an early stage in the design process.

BREEAM 2011 Pre-Assessment Estimator © BRE Global Ltd 17/10/2012 Section 2 - Page 1

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• Use renewable energy;

The development will also strive to utilise low impact materials in its construction. Key measures will include:

• Using low climate change impact building materials; • Sourcing sustainable timber; • Using low or zero global warming impact insulation materials;

Climate change will impact on the new development. Weather patterns will become less predictable – for example rainfall will become more extreme, and summer temperatures are likely to increase. Biodiversity will alter as conditions change. Water management is a key issue in adaptation, as is designing out the requirement for cooling in buildings. Key mitigation measures employed in the development will be:

• Maximise opportunities for biodiversity; • Design for natural ventilation to avoid overheating; • Meter water use to increase awareness of consumption.

6.3 Water

The scheme will achieve the mandatory requirements for BREEAM Excellent on water consumption. A water meter will be installed with a pulsed output. Low water fittings including dual flush WCs and spray taps will be used in sanitary areas. Irrigation will be efficient where incorporated.

6.4 Waste and Recycling

Site demolition waste will be crushed and used as hardcore where feasible. Construction waste will be recycled where possible, achieving 2 credits under the BREEAM system. During the operational phase, a baler will be used for cardboard onsite, and other waste streams will be segregated.

6.5 Pollution

A range of measures have been implemented to reduce pollution. Biomass technology is avoided due to the air quality management area restrictions. Night time light pollution is reduced through automatic shut-offs based on a 15 minute overrun either side of operational hours. Finally, watercourse protection credits are achieved under BREEAM.

6.6 Biodiversity

The site has a low ecological value, with no evidence of birds or bats onsite. New planting will improve the biodiversity value of the site, and the contractor will be required to undertake a number of measures to ensure that impacts on wildlife during the construction phase are minimised.

6.7 Future-proofing

The scheme could be connected to a district heat system in the future as it is a single occupancy, single ownership business. The building could incorporate solar technology at a later date if the energy demand and financial appraisal of technology justify it.

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7 CONCLUSION 7.1 Social and Economic Sustainability

The scheme has the potential to drive more sustainable travel patterns by creating a more local offering than alternatives, and will also create employment opportunities during construction and operation.

7.2 Environmental Sustainability

The scheme has addressed local and regional policy thoroughly, and in doing so has achieved the following:

• Energy o Heat recovery on refrigeration, recycled for space heating; o Heat recovery on ventilation, recycled to warm incoming fresh air; o Wall, floor, roof and window U-values that are better than the minimum requirement; o Air tightness of 5m3/m2/hr, compared with the regulation standard of 10m3/m2/hr; o Low heating set points (19ºC sales; 13ºC warehouse in the day: 15.5ºC and 9.5ºC at

night); o Small hot water storage volume (30 litres) via pressurised tank; o Standardised components to ensure efficient servicing and running used; o Appropriate lux levels in specification (400 sales; 500 checkout; 100 elsewhere); o Efficient T5 fluorescent lighting internally with soft-start controls; o Sales area lighting switches on in thirds depending on lux levels, controlled by the

building management system; o Efficient high pressure sodium vapour lighting externally; o Motion detection controls to warehouse, welfare and delivery bay areas; o Lux and timer controls for car park; o Automatic switching of all lighting off and on 15 minutes either side of opening and

closing times; o Intermittent mechanical extract ventilation to WCs; o Fresh-air ventilation to sales area on an as required basis only using gas monitoring; o Free cooling at night where applicable; o Improvement on Part L 2010 of 29%;

• BREEAM o BREEAM Very Good including:

§ Commissioning of building services to BREEAM guidelines; § 3 yr monitoring of energy and water use; § Considerate constructors performance above and beyond best practice; § Site energy and water monitoring during construction; § Adherence to an environmental management system and government timber

procurement standards during construction; § Provision of a building user guide and post-occupancy evaluation; § Energy measures including thermal modelling, high efficiency lighting, glare

control’; § Water and air pollution prevention measures; § Access designed for cycling and pedestrians; § Security input from a specialist; § Innovative credits for energy efficient cold storage; § Provision of a travel plan (to be done); § Water usage monitoring and leak detection; § Onsite baler for waste compaction;

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§ Site of low ecological value, with measures designed to enhance site value; • Climate change

o The cooling requirement as modelled is minimal; o Glazing is only proposed to one elevation to reduce solar gain; o Low flood risk site based on evidence from the Environment Agency website; o Water stress is controlled through water-efficient technology in the building;

• Water o Flow control devices in sanitary areas; o 2 credits under BREEAM for water consumption – sufficient for Outstanding level; o Water meters with pulsed outputs incorporated; o Efficient irrigation incorporated;

• Waste and recycling; o 2 credits achieved under construction waste recycling; o Onsite demolition waste to be crushed and reused as recycled aggregate; o Baler to be included onsite; o Onsite segregation of waste provided;

• Pollution; o Biomass avoided due to AQMA; o BREEAM criteria for surface water run-off met; o BREEAM criteria for watercourse pollution minimisation met; o Measures taken to reduce night time pollution;

• Biodiversity o Site of low ecological value; o No evidence of bats or birds onsite; o New planting proposed; o Site value will be improved; o Contractor will appoint a biodiversity champion;

• Sustainable Transport o A transport assessment has been undertaken; o The site has good access for pedestrians and cyclists; o Travel plan to be generated.

7.3 Compliance

This statement has addressed the planning documents set out below:

• NPPF; • The London Plan 2011; • London Borough of Croydon Local Plan (2006); • London Borough of Croydon Draft Core Strategy (2012);

The scheme makes the following achievements:

• 10% low and zero carbon technology o ACHIEVED (heat recovery technology = 29%)

• 25% improvement under GLA policy 5.2 o ACHIEVED (comparing compliant scheme with proposed scheme)

• 20% target set in planning officer’s pre-application documentation; o ACHIEVED (29% compared with 20%)

• BREEAM; o ACHIEVED - VERY GOOD rating

Therefore, it addresses and exceeds local policy requirements on energy, CO2 and sustainability.

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APPENDIX A – REFERENCES

National Planning Policy Framework, DCLG, March 2012

London Plan 2011

London Borough of Croydon Local Plan 2006

Draft Core Strategy 2012 + Evidence Base

Guidance on Environmental Performance Standards 2010

BREEAM Pre-assessment by RED Consulting

Design of Feed In Tariffs, Element Energy and Poyry, 2009

RHI Cost Review, AEA, 2010

FIT Review, DECC, 2012

Technology suppliers including Hauser, EnerG and XRG.

AND

Drawings and information from the proposed scheme.