P HI T S Exercises (I): Exercises using Recommendation Settings and Utilities Multi-Purpose Particle...

PHITSExercises (I):

Exercises using Recommendation Settings and Utilities

Multi-Purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System

title 1

Jun. 2013 revised

• Recommendation Settings

• Utilities

• Summary and Homework

Contents 2

• ParticleTherapy• H10mupliplier

• Animation of Particle Trajectories• SimpleGEO

Contents of Exercise1

What is Recommendation Settings?

3Recommendation Settings

I cannot understand the appropriate parameter setting even if I read PHITS manual carefully

We prepared several examples of PHITS input files for various calculation conditions, and uploaded to PHITS website

http://phits.jaea.go.jp/examples.html

FAQ

Our Reply

http://phits.jaea.go.jp/examples.html

List of Recommendation Settings

4

DetectorResponse.inp Detector response calculation (event-by-event information) Shielding.inp Shielding calculation using [t-track], example of complex geometry ParticleTherapy.inp Dose & LET distribution calculation for charged particle therapy PhotonTherapy.inp Dose & particle fluence calculation for X-ray therapy SemiConductor.inp Dose calculation inside a tiny region for SER estimation NuclearReaction.inp Double differential cross sections by calculating fluence of secondaries H10multiplier.inp H*(10) in water using [t-track] in combination with [multiplier] Counter.inp Dose deposited from primary and secondary particles using [counter]

Recommendation Settings


• Utilities


Contents 5




ParticleTherapy.inp

6ParticleTherapy

[t-deposit] (file=dose) Depth-dose distribution in water [t-deposit] (file=dose-equivalent.out) Depth-dose-equivalent distribution in water [t-LET] Probability density of LET in water [t-SED] Probability density of lineal energy in water

10 cm

10 c

m

Carbon 200 MeV/u

WaterPhantom

Tally

Dose and Dose Equivalent

7

r-z mesh

Dose.eps Dose-equivalent.eps[ T - Deposit ]mesh = r-z r-type = 2 rmin = 0.000000 rmax = 1.000000 nr = 1 z-type = 2 zmin = 0.000000 zmax = 10.00000 nz = 100 dedxfnc = 0

[ T - Deposit ]dedxfnc = 1

Z

R

Output quantities are weighted by the function written in usrdfn1.f

Q(L) relationship is given as default

Dose is converted into Dose equivalent!

ParticleTherapy

Probability Density of LET & y

8

LET-distribution.eps(page 1: front surface)

y-distribution.eps(page 1: front surface)

LET of C(200 MeV/u) = 16 keV/m y*f(y) broad distribution even for mono-energetic incidenceL*f(L) has Sharp peak

[T-LET] [T-SED]

ParticleTherapy

Change Incident Particle

9

[ S o u r c e ]s-type = 1 proj = 12C e0 = 200.00 r0 = 0.0000 x0 = 0.0000 y0 = 0.0000 z0 = -20.000 z1 = -20.000 dir = 1.0000

10 c

m

Carbon 200 MeV/u

WaterPhantom

10 cm

(0,0,-20)

Z

X

Y

Proton

Dose.eps

Execute

Proton

10cm water is too short to stop 200 MeV proton!

[ T - Deposit ]…

[ T - Deposit ]…

[ T – L E T ]...

[ T – S E D ]...

[ T - Deposit ]…

[ T - Deposit ] off…

[ T – L E T ] off...

[ T – S E D ] off...

ParticleTherapy

Change Geometry

10General description

[ C e l l ] 1 1 -1.0000000E+00 1 -2 -3 2 0 #1 -999 3 -1 999

[ S u r f a c e ] 1 pz 0.0000000E+00 2 pz 1.0000000E+01 3 cz 5.0000000E+00 999 so 1.0000000E+02

10 c

m

Carbon 200 MeV/u

WaterPhantom

10 cm

(0,0,-20)

Z

X

Y

3.0000000E+01

Dose.eps

Proton 10 c

m

30 cm

Forgot to change tally region!!!

Execute

Change Tally Region

11

[ T - Deposit ] title = depth-dose d mesh = r-z x0 = 0.000000 y0 = 0.000000 r-type = 2 rmin = 0.000000 rmax = 1.000000 nr = 1 z-type = 2 zmin = 0.000000 zmax = 10.00000 nz = 100

Dose.eps

[ C e l l ] 1 1 -1.0000000E+00 1 -2 -3 2 0 #1 -999 3 -1 999

[ S u r f a c e ] 1 pz 0.0000000E+00 2 pz 2.0000000E+01 3 cz 5.0000000E+00 999 so 1.0000000E+02

set: c1[30.0]

c1

c110

cm

Carbon 200 MeV/u

WaterPhantom(0,0,-20)

Z

X

Y

Proton 10 c

m

30 cm

Statistics is not

enough!!

ParticleTherapy

Restart Calculation

12

Dose.eps

[ P a r a m e t e r s ] icntl = 0 maxcas = 100 maxbch = 2 10

10 c

m

Carbon 200 MeV/u

WaterPhantom(0,0,-20)

Z

X

Y

Proton 10 c

m

30 cm

Finally, we obtained the depth-dose distribution in water irradiated by 200 MeV proton with enough statistics!!

Execute

ParticleTherapy

istdev = -1


• Utilities


Contents 13




H10multiplier.inp

14H10multiplier

[t-track] Calculate dose from fluences of particle multiplied with dose conversion coefficients. In this case, dose conversion coefficients for H*(10) are defined in [multiplier] section [t-heat] Calculate dose using Kerma Approximation [t-deposit] Calculate dose from the ionization energy of charged particles

100 cm

100

cm

400 MeV NeutronConcrete

3 ways to calculate “Dose” in PHITS

100

cm

Air

Results of Each Tally

15

[T-Track] [T-Heat] [T-Deposit]

[t-track] Fluence multiplied with H*(10) dose conversion coefficients　　 →　 No gap between concrete and air [t-heat] Kerma approximation for low-energy neutrons and photons → There is a gap between concrete and air [t-deposit] Ionizing energy of charged particles → There is a gap between concrete and air. Large uncertainties in air

*

0(10) ( ) ( )dH E d E E

H10multiplier

Calculation of H*(10) and Effective Dose

16

[ Multiplier ] number = -250 interpolation = log ne = 140 1.13000E-08 9.14000E+00*3600*1.0e-6 1.42000E-08 9.44000E+00*3600*1.0e-6 1.79000E-08 9.83000E+00*3600*1.0e-6...

[ T - T r a c k ] title = H*(10) in xyz mesh in uSv/h... multiplier = all part = neutron emax = 1000.0 mat mset1 mset2 all ( 1.0 -250 ) (1.0 -102) multiplier = all part = photon emax = 1000.0 mat mset1 mset2 all ( 1.0 -251) (1.0 -114)

Fluence calculated by [t-track] can be multiplied with several functions that are pre-defined or defined in [multiplier] section

• H*(10) conversion coefficient for neutron(-250) and photon (-251) defined in [multiplier]

• Predefined Effective dose conversion coefficients for neutron (-102) and photon (-114)

• H*(10) conversion coefficient for neutron(-250) and photon (-251) defined in [multiplier]

• Predefined Effective dose conversion coefficients for neutron (-102) and photon (-114)

Track.epsThey seem to be almost the same!

H*(10)(Page 1)

Effective Dose(Page 2)

H10multiplier

Change Axis

17

[ T - T r a c k ] title = H*(10) in xy part = ( neutron photon ) mesh = xyz x-type = 2 xmin = -60.0 xmax = 60.0 nx = 60 y-type = 2 ymin = -60.0 ymax = 60.0 ny = 1 z-type = 2 zmin = 0.0 zmax = 120.0 nz = 60 e-type = 1 ne = 1 1.00000E-10 1.00000E+03 unit = 1 material = all axis = xz file = track.out

2D-plot (contour map) to1D-plot (histogram)2D-plot (contour map) to1D-plot (histogram)

Track.epsTough to compare because each scale is automatically adjusted

1

z

H*(10)(Page 1)


Avoid to output too much graphsAvoid to output too much graphs

Execute

H10multiplier

Adjust Scale

18

[ T - T r a c k ] title = H*(10) in xy part = ( neutron photon ) mesh = xyz x-type = 2 xmin = -60.0 xmax = 60.0 nx = 60 y-type = 2 ymin = -60.0 ymax = 60.0 ny = 1 z-type = 2 zmin = 0.0 zmax = 120.0 nz = 60 e-type = 1 ne = 1 1.00000E-10 1.00000E+03 unit = 1 material = all axis = xz file = track.out

Add ANGEL parameter(min & max for y-axis)Add ANGEL parameter(min & max for y-axis)

Track.eps

1

z

H*(10)(Page 1)


angel = ymin(5.e-05) ymax(5.e-4)

H10multiplier

H*(10) < Effective dose

Execute

Execute Only ANGEL

19

#------------------------------------------------ 80 行目 #newpage:# no. = 1 ie = 1 ix = 1 iy = 1…x: z[cm]y: Flux [1/cm^2/source] p: xlin ylog afac(0.8) form(0.9)p: ymin(5.e-05) ymax(5.0e-4)h: n x y(p1-group),hh0l n # z-lower z-upper flux r.err 0.0000E+00 1.0000E+00 1.2809E-04 0.0263…#------------------------------------------------- 232 行目 newpage:# no. = 2 ie = 1 ix = 1 iy = 1…x: z[cm]y: Flux [1/cm^2/source] p: xlin ylog afac(0.8) form(0.9)p: ymin(5.e-05) ymax(5.0e-4)h: n x y(p1-group),hh0l n # z-lower z-upper flux r.err 0.0000E+00 1.0000E+00 1.9351E-04 0.0174...

Change LegendDo not use “(“ and “)”

Change LegendDo not use “(“ and “)”

H10multiplier

H10

Effective

#

Right click “Track2.out” → Sendto → ANGEL

Comment out(Same format as PHITS input file)

Comment out(Same format as PHITS input file)

Specify line color(r: red, b: blue, g: green etc)Do not insert space between

“hh0l” and color ID

Specify line color(r: red, b: blue, g: green etc)Do not insert space between

“hh0l” and color ID

r

Track2.eps

Copy “Track.out” to “Track2.out”, and Edit

Contributions from High- and Low-Energy Particles

20

[ T - T r a c k ] title = H*(10) in xy part = ( neutron photon ) mesh = xyz x-type = 2 xmin = -60.0 xmax = 60.0 nx = 1 y-type = 2 ymin = -60.0 ymax = 60.0 ny = 1 z-type = 2 zmin = 0.0 zmax = 120.0 nz = 60 e-type = 1 ne = 1 1.00000E-10 1.00000E+03 unit = 1 material = all axis = z file = track.out H*(10) Effective Dose angel = ymin(1.e-05)

ymax(2.e-4)

H10multiplier

20.0 1.0E+03 2

Low Energy(page1)

High Energy(page2)

Low Energy(page3)

High Energy(page4)

Execute ≅

<Divide the energy bin

into high- and low-energy region

Divide the energy bin into high- and low-

energy region


• Utilities


Contents 21




Contents of Utilities

22Utilities

Animation Create an animation of particle trajectories Rotate3dshow Rotate the geometry depicted by [t-3dshow] SimpleGEO Instruction for how to use SimpleGEO for PHITS input generator Autorun Shell script for successively executing PHITS by slightly changing calculation conditions

Animation Rotate3dshow SimpleGEO


• Utilities


Contents 23




How to Create Animation

24Animation

Required Software ImageMagick (http://www.imagemagick.org/script/binary-releases.php) Software that can convert a multiple-page EPS file into a GIF animation Procedures

1. Execute PHITS Calculate the time-dependence of particle fluences or deposition energies by introducing “t-type” in PHITS input file2. Edit EPS file generated by PHITS 1. Open EPS file “track.eps” with your text editor 2. Search the word “PageBoundingBox” twice 3. Change the first 2 numbers to 0, and save the file

3. Convert the EPS file to GIF animation using ImageMagick 1. Open “command prompt” 2. Move to the folder including the EPS file 3. Type ‘convert -dispose background -rotate 90 XXX.eps XXX.gif‘

%%PageBoundingBox: 27 36 571 803

%%PageBoundingBox: 0 0 571 803

http://www.imagemagick.org/script/binary-releases.php

Increase the Time Resolution

25Animation

[ T - T r a c k ] C -- Contour figure Tally -- mesh = xyz ...t-type = 2 nt = 20 # Number of frame tmin = 0.00 # Initial time (nsec) tmax = 40 # Final time (nsec)... angel = cmin(1.e-05) cmax(1.e+00) epsout = 1

animation.inp

60

Increase the frame numberIncrease the frame number

Execute PHITSEdit EPS file

Convert EPS to GIF

20 frame

60 frame


• Utilities


Contents 26




How to use SimpleGEO for PHITS

27SimpleGEO

Required Software SimpleGEO ＆ Its plugin package (only for Windows) Download site: http://theis.web.cern.ch/theis/simplegeo/

Procedures1. Make geometry using SimpleGEO You have to define void (or air) region too. See manual of SimpleGEO

2. Export the geometry to PHITS readable format (File → Export → PHITS) Only [cell] & [surface] sections are generated

3. Make PHITS input file except for [cell] & [surface] sections Include the exported file using “infl:” command

4. Execute PHITS using the input file

5. Visualize the tally results obtained from “mesh=xyz” in SimpleGEO Load “DaVis3D” in SimpleGEO (Macros → Load Plugins → DaVis3D) Select the xyz-mesh tally results, and visualize in SimpleGEO

http://theis.web.cern.ch/theis/simplegeo/

[ S u r f a c e ]c Body1 RCC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 5.00c Headball2 SPH 0.00 0.00 15.00 5.00c LeftEye3 SPH -3.00 4.00 16.00 1.00c OuterSphere4 SPH 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00c Outmostsphere5 SPH 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00c RightEye6 SPH 3.00 4.00 16.00 1.00

Change Geometry in SimpleGEO

28SimpleGEO

[ C e l l ]c Body 00001 26 -1 -1 c Eyes 00002 11 -7.87 -6 : -3 c Head 00003 6 -1.9 -2 #2 c Void 00004 0 -4 +1 #2 #3c Outervoid 00005 -1 -5 +4

[ S u r f a c e ]c Body1 RCC 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 5.00c Headball2 SPH 0.00 0.00 15.00 5.00c LeftEye3 SPH -3.00 4.00 16.00 1.00c OuterSphere4 SPH 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00c Outmostsphere5 SPH 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00c RightEye6 SPH 3.00 4.00 16.00 1.00c leg17 RCC -2.50 0.00 -10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 2.00c leg28 RCC 2.50 0.00 -10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 2.00

doll.pht[ C e l l ]c Body 00001 26 -1 -1 c Eyes 00002 11 -7.87 -6 : -3 c Head 00003 6 -1.9 -2 #2 c Void 00004 0 -4 +1 #2 #3 +7 +8 c Outervoid 00005 -1 -5 +4 c leg1 00006 26 -1 -7 c leg2 00007 26 -1 -8

Export to PHITS

Visualize Tally Result in 3D

29SimpleGEO

SimpleGEO.inp[ T - Deposit ] title = [t-deposit] in xyz mesh mesh = xyz # mesh type is xyz scoring mesh x-type = 2 # x-mesh is linear given by xmin, xmax and nx xmin = -5.000000 # minimum value of x-mesh points xmax = 5.000000 # maximum value of x-mesh points nx = 20 # number of x-mesh points y-type = 2 # y-mesh is linear given by ymin, ymax and ny ymin = -5.000000 # minimum value of y-mesh points ymax = 5.000000 # maximum value of y-mesh points ny = 20 # number of y-mesh points z-type = 2 # z-mesh is linear given by zmin, zmax and nz zmin = 0.000000 # minimum value of z-mesh points zmax = 20.00000 # maximum value of z-mesh points nz = 40 # number of z-mesh points

-10.00000

Extend the tally regionExtend the tally regionExecute

1. Select ‘Macros -> Load Plugins -> DaVis3D’ 2. Press ‘DaVis3D‘ button3. Select ‘deposity-xy.out’ and press ‘Load data’

SimpleGEO


• Utilities


Contents 30




http://phits.jaea.go.jp 31

• It is difficult to make PHITS input file all by yourself

• It is better to select an appropriate recommendation setting, and edit the file for your calculation condition

• You can enjoy PHITS more using the utilities!

Summary

Dose distribution in PHITS-shaped water phantom irradiated by 1 GeV protons

http://phits.jaea.go.jp/

Summary 32

1. Calculate the depth-dose distributions for various radial distances inside cylindrical water phantom irradiated by 11B 250 MeV/u beam

2. Separate the depth-dose distributions into the contributions from neutron, proton, He, Li, Be, B

3. Divide the phantom into 2 layers, composed of water and Aluminum (2.7 g/cm3) respectively.

4. Obtain better statistic data by increasing the history number or by using the restart function

Homework

Hints• Use 1st [t-deposit] tally in “ParticleTherapy” in “recommendation” folder• Increase the number of the radial bins in the [t-deposit] tally• Comment out unnecessary tallies using “off” command for speed up• Setup appropriate source particles and energy in [source] section• Specify particle type in the [t-deposit] tally• Add new material (Al), surface, and cells to set up geometry

Summary 33

Example of Simulation Results

Depth dose distributions for r < 1 cm and 1 cm < r < 2 cm

r < 1 cm 1 cm < r < 2 cm

Let’s think about …• What kinds of particles contribute to the dose behind Bragg peak?• Why dose suddenly increase at the depth of 5 cm?• Why we cannot see the neutron contributions in these graphs?

P HI T S Exercises (I): Exercises using Recommendation Settings and Utilities Multi-Purpose Particle...

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