owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; · 11.05.2009 · owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh...
Transcript of owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm; · 11.05.2009 · owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh...
owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
CE-BM-Final.indd1 11/8/20076:59:34AM
owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
a&S@ESifh aemufausmzHk; yef;csD - OD;0if;xGef;
twGif;'DZdkif; tjyiftqif - O'gef;pmapmiftzGJ@
uGefjyLwm jrefrmpmvHk; - Radio Burma Group
CE-BM-Final.indd2 11/8/20076:59:34AM
owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
owif;orm; owdxm;p&m
jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
pma&;q&mr ar_idrf; u a&;om;ðypkonf?
pma&;q&m armifomrn u ulnDwnf;jzwfonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd3 11/8/20076:59:34AM
owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
rmwdum
trSmpm ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 1
tcef;(1) a0g[m&trSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 2
tcef;(2) toHxGuftrSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 10
tcef;(3) pmvHk;aygif;owfyHktrSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 26
tcef;(4) o'NgtrSm; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 36
usrf;udk;pm&if; ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² ² 00
CE-BM-Final.indd4 11/8/20076:59:34AM
1 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
trSmpm
jrefrmbmompum;udk toHk;jyKI owif;tcsuftvufrsm; a&;om;xkwfv$ifhaeaom
owif;orm;wdk@ taejzifh jrefrmbmompum;udk u|rf;usifydkifEdkif&ef vdktyfygonf// owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;. wdusrSefuefr_rSm bmompum;u|rf;usifr_tay:rSDI ajymif;vJEdkifaoma=umihf
jzpfonf//
o'Nga&;xHk; jzpfap/ a0g[m&toHk;tE_ef; jzpfap/ owfyHkjzpfap/ toHxGufjzpfap wpHkwck
rSm;,Gif;c|wfacsmfv#if owif;tcsuftvuf. t&nftaoG;rsm; avsmhyg;oGm;ygonf// o'NgrSm;v#if
w&m;vdku w&m;cHjzpfoGm;Edkifonf// a0g[m&rSm;v#if r&nf&G,fbJ qJovdk jzpfoGm;Edkifonf//
owfyHkrSm;v#if t"dy`g,fwufwufpif vGJoGm;Edkifonf// toHxGufrSm;v#if av;eufaompum;onf
&,fp&m jzpfoGm;Edkifonf// bmompum;tm;enf;r_a=umihf t&nftaoG;avsmhyg;aeaom owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk rD'D,mrsm;wGif rawG@csiftqHk; awG@ae&onf// r=um;csiftqHk; =um;ae&onf//
y&dowfwdk@ESpfoufaom owif;rD'D,mwdk@udk =unhfvdkufv#if ta&;tom; tajymtqdk toHae
toHxm; pepfusonfh t&nftcsif;ESifh jynfhpHkonfudk {uefawG@&rnf//
owif;aumif;wyk'fudk &&Sd&eftwGuf tvGefcufcJonfudk owif;orm;wdkif; odonf//
odk@aomf ,if;owif;aumif;onf bmompum;c|wf,Gif;r_a=umihf owif;vGJ owif;rSm;wck tjzpfodk@
ajymif;oGm;Edkifonfudk owdxm;oifhonf// tenf;qHk;tm;jzihf owif;y&dowf. tod m%ftwGif;odk@
wef;ueJ pkdufr0ifoGm;bJ a0hvnfa=umifywf rjywfrom; jzpfaewwfonf// ta&;tom;tajymtqdk
rwwfojzihf y&dowfrSm raxrJhjriftvkyfcH&ovdk cHpm;&onfrsm; &Sdonf// ra&r&m Za0Z0g
pOf;pm;&cufaewwfonf// bmompum;wGif tawG;tac: t,ltqwdk@tjyif ,Ofaus;r_
tEkynmrsm;vnf; 'GefwGJyg0ifaeonfudk owdjyK&ygrnf// ausmufaumif;wyGifh jzpfvmzdk@twGuf
ausmufaoG;twwf vdktyfouJhodk@ owif;aumif;wyk'f jzpfay:vmzdk@twGuf bmompum;
twwfynm vdktyfonf//
jrefrmy&dowfudk OD;wnfaeaom owif;orm;wdk@taejzifh jrefrmpm jrefrmpum;udk
yg&*lajrmuf r[kwfaomfrS wdwdusus a&;om; ajymqdkwwf&ef vdktyfonf// jrefrmbmompum;ESifh
ywfoufI tajccHOya'owdk@udk odxm;oihfonf// jrefrmpm ta&;tom;ESifh jrefrmpum;tajymtqdkwdk@
wGif jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom tvGJtrSm;rsm;udk odxm;oihfonf// Tpmtkyfonf owif;orm;wdk@
twGuf jrefrmpm jrefrmpum;ukd wdwdusus a&;om;ajymqdkEdkif&ef tultnDay;rnfh pmtkyfwtkyf
jzpfygonf//
CE-BM-Final.indd1 11/8/20076:59:34AM
2 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
jrefrmhtoHa&'D,dkeSifh jrefrmh¶kyfjrifoH=um;tygt0if rD'D,mrsm;wGif jrefrmpum;vHk;udkyif
tac:a0:rSm;/ toHk;rSm;rsm;jzifh ajymqdkrd=uonfudk awG@ae&ygonf?
tac:a0:rSm;jcif;onf ajymqdkvdkaom t"dy`g,fvGJacsmfapEdkifaoma=umifh vlxktwGuf
qufoG,fa&; =um;cHrsm;jzpfaom rD'D,morm;rsm;taejzifh pum;vHk;/ a0g[m& rSefuefa&;udk
txl; *±kjyKoifhygonf?
a'ooHk; tac:a0:rsm;
jrefrmEdkifiHonf vlrsKd;uGJrsm;pGmaexdkifaom EdkifiHjzpfonfhtwGuf bmompum;uGJrsm;
&Sdaeonfhtjyif a'otvdkufuGJjym;onfh a'od,pum;rsm;vnf; &Sdygonf?
rD'D,morm;rsm;onf a'ooHk; pum;rsm;udk em;vnfxm;oifh/ odxm;oifh+yD; roJuGJonfh
a0g[m&rsm;udk aoaocsmcsm ar;jref;pHkprf;+yD; oHk;pGJoifhygonf?
Oyrm- a'otrnfrsm;ac:&mwGif txl;ojzifh owdxm;oifhonf?
- u&ifjynfe,f&Sd ‘c,m;&Gm’udk ‘bk&m;&Gm’[k rSm;,Gif;a=unmjcif;rsKd;udk owdjyKoifh
onf? xdk@twl rSm;wwfaom a'otrnftcsKd@ukd Oyrmtjzpf wifjyygrnf?
yJcl; - A*dk;
ppfudkif; - Z*dkif;
'DyJ,if; - 'y,if;
vyGwWm - vwfyGwfwm
rwW&m - r',m
qm;vif;}uD; - qvif;*sD;
EGm;xdk;}uD; - exdk;*sD;
rkwWr - r'r
'g;u - 'u
ausmuffyef;awmif; - ausmufya'gif;
jrif;jcH - jrif;*sH
wHwm;OD; - ''tl; - [k ac:&onfudk owdxm;&ygrnff?
pum;oHk; trSm;/ a0g[m& trSm;
tcef; (1)
CE-BM-Final.indd2 11/8/20076:59:35AM
3 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm- yckuULY arwWmydk@ºucsDaom oHCmrsm;udk ppfwyfu t=urf;zufESdrfeif;onfh
ta=umif; owif;wckwGif ‘bwfcGuf’ [laom toHk;wckudk awG@&ygonf? xdk ‘bwfcGuf’
qdkonfrSm pifppf ‘bwf*G’ om jzpfygonf? bwf*GqdkonfrSm xdka'ow0dkufY ‘avmuf
av;cG’udk ac:onfh toHk;tE_ef;jzpfonf?
odk@aomf xdk a'ooHk;a0g[m&udk rodojzifh ‘bwfcGuf/ rwfcGuf’ [k tvGJvGJ
trSm;rSm; oHk;oGm;=uonfhtwGuf owif;em;axmifolrsm;twGuf em;vnfr_vGJjcif;/ r&Sif;
vif;jcif;rsm; jzpfaponf?
tnmbufY ‘aumufn‡if;usnfawmifh’udk ‘cJvHacsmif;/’ ‘vufESdyf"mwfrD;’udk
‘'kwfrD;/’ rkH&GmbufY‘ rD;ajymif;’udk ‘rD;ykavG’/ armfvòrifbufrSm ‘jrif;vSnf;’udk ‘bHkjywf’
ponfjzifh ac:aom a'od,oHk;rsm;udk odxm;oifhonf?
'Hk;wdkufuGif;[laom toHk;rsKd;udk owif;ajymolu ('Hk;wdkufuGif;qdkonfrSm
bkef;awmf}uD;rsm; ysHawmfrlonfhtcgoHk;onfh ok\efuGif;udk qdkvdkygonf?) [lI xnfh&Sif;
ay;&ef vdkayonf?
&Gmaqmfudk ,ckacwfY &mxl;&mcHtoHk;tE_ef;jzifh &,u [k oHk;E_ef;aomfvnf;
owif;wyk'fY ‘&Gmapmf’(&Gmaqmf) [k oHk;onfhtjyif pmvHk;aygif;owfyHkuvnf; rSm;aeygao;
onf?
xdktoHk;tE_ef;onf wEdkifiHvHk;twdkif;twmESifh em;vnfEkdif&rnf[lonfh owif;
ta&;tom; pnf;urf;ESifhvnf; udkufnDr_r&Sday?
twdkaumuftoHk;
owif;rsm;wGif tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ Xmeqdkif&mrsm;. trnfrsm;udk ajr-a=u;-&Sif;/
v,f-pdkuf-&Sif;/ a&-&if;jrpf ponfh twdkaumufoHk;jcif;rsKd;udk a&Smif&ygrnf?
Oyrm/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfudk owif;tpuwnf;u w}udrfrS tjynfh
tpHk rdwfqufrxm;bJ 'D-csKyf [k awmufav#mufa=unmjcif;rsKd; jzpfonf?
xdkodk@ twdkaumufac:a0:oHk;pGJjcif;a=umifh xdkowif;rsdK;udk w}udrfwcgr# em;r
axmifzl;olrsm;/ xdktzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh tu|rf;r0ifolrsm;twGuf r&Sif;vif;jcif;/ em;rvnf
jcif;rsm; jzpfapygonf?
xdk@twl !¸ef=um;a&;rª;csKyf udk !¸efcsKyf/ ygarmuQcsKyf udk yg-csKyf [k oHk;jcif;rsKd;
udkvnf; owif;ta&;tom;wGif a&Smif&rnfjzpfygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd3 11/8/20076:59:35AM
4 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
olr [lonfhtoHk;
,ckaemufydkif;owif;rsm;Y olr qdkaom emrfpm;toHk;ESifh ywfouf+yD; tjiif;yGm;
p&mjzpfaeygonff?
pifppf olr qdkonfrSm &opmayxJu xGufay:vmaom toHk;qef;wckjzpfonff?
odk@aomf owif;rsm;wGif oHk;avhr&Sdaom/ oHk;zdk@vnf;rvdktyfaom t!¸ef;emrfpm;om
jzpfygonf?
Oyrm (1)
- rpPwm*efbm&Du a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk olr &J@ aetdrfrSm oGm;a&muf awG@qHkcJhygw,f?
- rpPwm*efbm&Du a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk ol@aetdrfrSm oGm;a&muf awG@qHk cJhygw,f?
Oyrm (2)
- a':atmifqef;pk=unfu trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;eJ@ywfoufwJh olr&J@ oabmxm;udk
wifjycJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?
- a':atmifqef;pk=unfu trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;eJ@ywfoufwJh ol@ oabmxm;udk
wifjycJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?
a=umfjim/ a=unm
aemuftrSm;wckuawmh a=umfjim eJ@ a=unm udk ruGJjym;wmyg?
- EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u jrefrmtm;upm; zGH@+zdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf tbufbufrS aqmif&Guf
vkyfudkifay;aea=umif; owif;pma&'D,dkrsm;rS r=umc% a=umfjim ajym=um;aeaomfvnf;
vufawG@Y c&D;ra&mufvSay? (a=unm [ka&;rSrSefrnf)
- ,cktcg pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif}uD;rsm;onf rdrdwdk@vkyfief; atmifjrifa&;twGuf a=umfjim
udk tm;udk;vm=uonf?
ta&;rSm;/ tokH;rSm; pum;rsm;
trSwfrxifa&;rdokH;rd&mrS ta&;rSm;tokH;rSm; jzpfoGm;wwfaom pum;rsm;jzpf
onf? toHxGuftwdkif; vdkufa&;rd&mu ta&;rSm;oGm;&jcif;jzpfonf?
toHxGufykHtwkdif; r=umrDudk r=umrSD/ rkom;udk rlom;/ rifudk rSif/ jrm;ukd jr‡m;/
oGm;vsufvmvsufudk oGm;v#ufvmv#uf/ vsifjrefudk v#ifjref [k rSm;a&;wwfjcif;rSm
toHxGufykHudk vdkuf+yD; rSm;a&;rdwwfjcif; jzpfygonfff?
CE-BM-Final.indd4 11/8/20076:59:35AM
� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
ygVdpum; trSm;rsm;
rSm;,Gif;&Gwfqkdrd&mu tokH;wGifoGm;+yD; ta&;tom;yg rSm;oGm;wwfaom
pum;rsKd;vnf; &Sdygonf? om"ujy&v#if axmrem [laom ygVdpum;onf csD;rGrf;jcif;[k
t"dy`g,f&ygonf?
odk@aomf axmrem udk axmyem [k rSm;,Gif;&Gwfqdkrd&mrS tokH;wGifoGm;+yD; csD;rGrf;
axmyem [k trsm;okH;ae=uygonf? pifppfwGif csD;rGrf;axmrem [k okH;rS rSefygvdrfhrnf?
xkd@twl terw*~ [laom ygVdpum;onf tpr&Sdaom/ tpudkrodEdkifaom
[k t"dyg,f&ygonf? ToHo&m}uD;. tpudkrodEdkifojzifh terw*~ oHo&m [k okH;avh&Sd=u
ygonf?
ra&wGufEkdifatmif rsm;jym;onf [laom t"dyg,fjzifhvnf; okH;=uygao;onf?
’ayghayghae ayghayghpm;olrsm; terw*~ &Sdavonf’ [laom tokH;rsKd;jzpfonfff?
odk@aomf terw*~ ukd tewuUr [k rSm;,Gif;&Gwfqdkrd&mu ’'DvdkvlawG
tewuUryJ’ [laom tokH;rsKd;udk tcsKd@uokH;ae=uygonf? terw*~ [kokH;rS rSefygvdrfhrnf?
a&;ykHcsif;eD;pyfaompum;rsKd;a=umifh a,mifrSm;okH;rdwwfaom pum;rsKd;vnf;
&Sdygonf? uwd (0efcHcsuf/ oabmwlnDcsuf/ tcsdef;tcsufpum;) ESifh *wd (vm;&m/ owW0g
wdk@ao+yD;aemuf tcsdef;tcsufae&m) wdk@onf a&;ykHcsif;eD;pyfaom ygVdpum;ESpfvkH; jzpfyg
onfff?
qifwl,dk;rSm;jzpfonhftjyif uwd udkvnf; *wd [kyif toHxGufonfhtwGuf
*wdjyK / *wday; [k a,mifrSm; okH;rdwwf=uygonf? uwdjyK / uwday; [kokH;rS rSefyg.?
xdk@twl u¶k%m (oem;jcif;) ESifh *¶k (tav;xm;jcif;) wdk@onfvnf;
a&;ykHcsif; eD;pyfaom ygVdpum;ESpfvkH;jzpfygonf? u¶k%m ukd *¶k%m [k toHxGufonfhtjyif
qifwl,dk;rSm;jzpfaom *¶k (*¶kpdkuf/ *±kjyK) uvnf; &Sdaeojzifh *¶k%m [k a,mifrSm; okH;rd
wwf=uonf? u¶k%m [kokH;rS rSefygrnf?
t"dy`g,ft& eD;pyfr_&SdonfudkvdkufI tokH;rSm;wwfaom pum;rsKd;vnf;
&Sdygonf? t"dÏmef onf t"dÏme [laom ygVdpum;rS qif;oufI pdwfYpGJjrJpGm jyÏmef;
owfrSwfjcif;/ wnfaqmufjcif;[k t"dyg`,f&ygonf?
oEMdÏmef onf oEMdÏme [laom ygVdpum;rS qif;oufvmI pdwfqkH;jzwfjcif;/
pdwfydkif;jzwfjcif; [k t"dyg,f&ygonf? oEMdÏmefjyKonf/ oEMdÏmefcsonf [k okH;avh&Sdygonf?
oEMdÏmef udk t"dÏmef ESifh a&m+yD; oH"dÏmef [k rSm;okH;wwf=uygonf? oEMdÏmef
[k okH;rS rSefygrnf?
CE-BM-Final.indd5 11/8/20076:59:35AM
6 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
roHk;oifhaom toHk;vGJ toHk;rSm;rsm;
(±kef@&if;=urf;wrf;aom tqJtqdk toHk;tE_ef;rsm;ESifh t&yfoHk;pum;rsm;)
Oyrm (1) -
- ppftpdk;&[m bmyJvkyfvkyf&qdkwJh taetxm;rsKd;eJ@ vufr0hH jzpfaewmyg?
vufr&G@H uom toHk;rSefjzpfonf? r0Hh u a=umuf&GH@onfht"dyg,fjzpf+yD;/ r¶G@H urS ra=umuf
onfh t"dy`g,fjzpfI t"dy`g,f vHk;0vGJrSm;oGm;aponfh toHk;rSm;jzpfygonf?
Oyrm (2) -
- qENjyoHCmawmf tenf;qHk; tyg;waxmifausmfavmuf zrf;cHxd cJhygw,f? (zrf;qD;cH
cJh&ygw,f)
zrf;cHxd [lonfhpum;vHk;onf t&yfoHk;pum;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh pHbmompum;oHk;&ef
vdktyfonfh rD'D,mrsm;wGif roHk;pJGoifhyg? zrf;qD;cH& udkom oHk;&ygrnf?
Oyrm (3) -
- òr@tESH@ vHkjcHKa&;awG wif;wif;usyfusyf csrSwf xm;ygw,f? (cs)
csrSwf [laomtoHk;rSm pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf; Oya'ta&;t&mrsm; owfrSwf uef@owf&mYom
oHk;ygonf? vkHjcHKa&;csjcif;udk csxm; [kom oHk;ygonf?
Oyrm (4) -
- ocsKõif;ajrae&m owfrSwfay;vdkufwJh twGuf olwdk@tzdk@ 'D ocsKõif;ajrae&mudk yxrqHk;
t}udrf toHk;jyKcJh&wm jzpfygw,f? (yxrqHk; tjzpf)
xdk0guswGif yxrqHk;t}udrf [laomtoHk;u aemufxyft}udrfrsm;pGm &Sdaeao;onf[k
edrdwfzwfonfh qifhyGm;teuf oufa&mufaeygonf?
xdk@a=umifh vHk;0rSm;,Gif;aeonf[k rqdkEdkifaomfvnf; t"dy`g,frjywfrom; jzpfaponfh
0gus[k qdkEdkifonf? jzpfoifhonfrSm ‘yxrqHk; tjzpf’[laom azmfjycsufrsKd; jzpfonf?
Oyrm (5) -
- w±kwftm%mydkifrsm; r,m;i,f ,lwJhudpPeJ@ ywfouf+yD; æ
r,m;i,f [laomtoHk;onfvnf; t&yfoHk;pum;omjzpfonf? owif;oHk;taejzifh qdkyg
u vuf&SdZeD;tjyif xm;&Sdaom aemufxyfZeD;r,m; odk@r[kwf aemufxyfZeD;r,m; [k
oHk;E_ef;oifhygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd6 11/8/20076:59:35AM
� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- oHCmawmf ESpfOD; udk ar;jref; cJhygw,f?
jrefrm±dk;&mtpOftvm tac:ta0:rsm;udk *±kpdkufoHk;pGJ&ygrnf? xdk@a=umifh ‘oHCmawmf ESpfyg;
udk av#mufxm;ar;jref; cJhygw,f’ [kom jzpf&ygrnf?
Oyrm (6)
- awmifOuUvmyrS ausmif;wdkuf wck udk 0ifa&mufpD;eif;cJhw,fvdk@ od&ygw,f? (ausmif;wdkuf
wwdkuf)
jrefrmpum;ac:xHk;t& ausmif;wdkufwwdkuf [laomtoHk;udk *¶kjyKoifhygonf? xdk@
twlyif
EGm; waumif
ppfwyf wwyf
bk&m; ESpfql
ouFef; ESpfpHk
ausmif; wausmif;
tdrf wtdrf
puf±Hk w±Hk
&[ef;r,fawmf
ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf}uD;. zcrnf;awmf - paom toHk;rsm;udk *±kwpdkuf
oHk;pGJ&rnfjzpfonf?
Oyrm (7)
- paumhaps; w0dkufrSmawmif vloGm;vlvm ajcmufuyfaew,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
vuf&Sdtac:a0:rSm AdkvfcsKyfaps;jzpf+yD;/ w&m;0ifowfrSwfxm;aomtrnfrSm AdkvfcsKyfatmif
qef;aps; jzpfygonf?
owif;em;axmifolrsm;u vGwfvyfa&;r&cifu ac:a0:cJhonfh paumhaps; [laomtrnfudk
odrxm;ygu xdkowif;rSm r&Sif;vif;aomowif; jzpfoGm;Edkifygonf? owdjyK&rnfh
tcsufjzpfygonf?
xdkuJhodk@yif
*E<Daq;±Hk udk ta&S›ydkif;aq;±Hk
*srcEMmaq;±Hk udk A[dktrsdK;orD;aq;±Hk}uD;
umwdkvpfaq;±Hk udk pHjyaq;±Hk
CE-BM-Final.indd7 11/8/20076:59:35AM
� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
bm;vrf; udk r[mAE<Kvyef;jcHvrf;
za&Zmvrf; udk taemf&xmvrf;
pywfvrf; udk Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;
c&pfvrf; udk odrfjzLvrf; - pouJhodk@ ,ae@acwf vlodrsm;aom w&m;0if
toHk;twdkif; ajymif;vJoHk;pGJ&ef vdkygonf?
Oyrm (8) -
- xdkpcef;rS wm0efus&Jt&m&Sdu oHCmawmfudk uGrf;rpm; eJ@ / -D;pm; [k ajymonf?
xdk0gusudk owif;tjzpf a&;om;azmfjyvdkygv#if
- xdkpcef;rS wm0efus&Jt&m&Sdu wdkif;xGmqJqdkcJhonf[k xdkum,uH&Sif oHCmawmfu
ajymjyygonf [k a&;om;Edkifygonf?
(owif;azmfjycsuf[lonf y&dowftm; av;pm;or_jzifh a&;om;a=unm azmfjy&onf
jzpfI t&yfoHk;qefonfh qJa&;wdkif;xGmonfh tajymtqdk ta&;tom;wdk@udk a&Smif=uOf&ef
vdkayonf?)
Oyrm (9) -
- xdktpDtpOfudk rae@u v$ifhxkwf cJh+yD;jzpfygw,f?
xkwfvkyf&efjyifqif+yD;rS v$ifhjcif;jzpfojzifh toHk;rSefrSm xkwfv$ifhom jzpfonf? (wcgw&H
xkwfv$wf [k oHk;onfudkyif awG@&wwfygao;onf?)
Oyrm (10) -
- xdkudpPESifhywfoufI wpHkw&m ajz&Sif;jcif;rjyKbJ a'ocHtm%mydkifawG&J@ wm0efom
jzpfw,fvdk@ v$Jcs ajzqdkoGm;ygw,f?
v$Jcs [laom pum;onfvnf; t&yfoHk;pum;yifjzpfonf? owif;oHk;pum;t&qdkv#if
‘xdkudpPESifhywfoufI wpHkw&m ajz&Sif;jcif;rjyKbJ a'ocHtm%mydkifrsm;. wm0efom
jzpfonf[k tjypfyHkcs ajzqdkoGm;ygonf’ [kom a&;oifhygonf?
Oyrm (11)
- wu,fvdk@ tJ'DaxmufcHyGJudk rvdkufbl;vdk@jiif;qef&if '%faiG 2000 uae 3000 xd
±dkufxnfh w,fvdk@ od&ygw,f?
xdkowif;Y 2000/ 3000 [laom ta&twGufrSm usyfaiGjzpfa=umif; azmfjy&efvdk+yD;/
CE-BM-Final.indd8 11/8/20076:59:35AM
� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
±dkufxnfh [laomtoHk;onfvnf; t&yfoHk;bmompum; jzpfaeygonf? xdk@a=umifh
owif;oHk; pHbmompum;jzifhom oHk;pGJ&ygrnf? xdk@a=umifh ‘wu,fvdk@ tJ'DaxmufcHyGJudk
rvdkufbl;vdk@jiif;qef&if '%faiG usyf 2000 uae usyf 3000 txd '%faiG±dkufcH&w,fvdk@
od&ygw,f’ [k a&;om;oifhygonf?
Oyrm (12)
- 'DtpDtpOfudk em;axmifwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;yg?
xdk ajym=um;csufwGifvnf; aus;Zl;yg [laom toHk;onf t&yfoHk;pum;jzpfonfhtjyif
t"dy`g,ftm;jzifhvnf; jynfhpHkr_r&Sdaom 0gus jzpfaeygonf? owif;oHk;t&qdkv#if
‘'DtpDtpOfudk em;axmifwJhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygw,f’ [k tjynfhtpHk ajymoifhfygonf?
Oyrm (13)
- romydk@wmudkawmh AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$ wufa&mufjcif;r&Sdbl;vdk@ od&ygw,f?
jzpfoifhonfrSm -
‘tokbtcrf;tem; udk AdkvfcsKyfrª;}uD;oef;a&$ rwufa&mufbl;vdk@ od&ygw,f’ [kom
pHtoHk;tE_ef; okH;oifhygonf?
txufYwifjycJhaom owdjyKzG,fa0g[m&toHk;/ pum;oHk;rsm;rSm rD'D,mrsm;wGif
trSwfwrJhoHk;pGJaewwfaom toHk;rSm;rsm;jzpfygonf? txl;ojzifh toHv$ifhrD'D,m (a&'D,dk)
rsm;wGif awG@ae&onfhtrSm;rsm; jzpfygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd9 11/8/20076:59:35AM
10 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
jrefrmhtoHa&'D,d ke Si f h jrefrmh±kyf jrifoH=um; tygt0if rD' D,mrsm;wGif
jrefrmpum;vHk; udkyif toHxGuftrSm;rsm;jzifh ajymqdkrd=uonfudk awG@ae&ygonf?
toHxGufrSm;jcif;a=umifh ajymqdkvdkaom t"dy`g,fudk vGJacsmfapEdkifaoma=umifh
rD'D,morm;rsm;taejzifh pum;oHyDa&;udk txl; *±kjyK oHk;E_ef;oifhygonf?
xdk@a=umifh jrefrmhrD'D,mwGif awG@&aom rSm;avh&Sdonfh toHxGufrSm;rsm;udk
twwfEdkifqHk; óu;pm; &SmazGI wifjyygrnf?
ygVd toHxGufrsm;
arwWmokwf - rpfwmokwf (rspfwm r[kwf)
ynmwwf - yifnmwwf (ysifnmwwf r[kwf)
ÉDum - wD*g ('D*g r[kwf)
u¾ - uef'gh (*ef'gh r[kwf)
edpP"l0 - edpfp'l0 (ae@w'l0 r[kwf)
ywWydk%f - ywfwydkif (bwfvbdkif r[kwf)
aumv[v - (aumvm[mv r[kwf)
0gus - 0ufusmh
(0gufus udk aygif;a&;xm;aom pmvHk;aygif;jzpfI 0ufusmh [k zwf&ef)/?
xdk@twl -
ousomuD - oufusmh om*D
p=u0Vm - puf=um0vm
p=u0aw;rif; - puf=u0a';rif;
"rRp=um - 'rpufusm
y&duQ&m - y&dwfc,m
vufsm - vuf,m
a,bk,s - a,bHk,
tm0Z…ef; - tm0ZfZef;
tmvmyov†my - tmvmyomvmy
tcef; (2)
toHxGuftrSm;
CE-BM-Final.indd10 11/8/20076:59:36AM
11 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- ygVdwGif n onf ^ ESpfvHk;aygif;xm;jcif;jzpf+yD; a&S@pmvHk;. towfyif
jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh n a&S@u pmvHk;udk zwfvsif oH (wenf;tm;jzifh ‘if’oH/
‘ef’owf) ESifh zwf&onf?
Oyrm -
ynm - yifnm
ykn - ykefn
yÉd^m^f - b'defnif
0dnm^f - 0defnif
onm - oifnm
tnrn - tifnrifn
tn=w - tifnw&
omrn - omrifn
tbdnm^f - tbdefnef
toHxGuf/ pmvHk;aygif;ESifh t"dy`g,f qufpyfr_
toHxGufqifoa,mif &Sdaomfvnf;/ pmvHk;aygif;rwlbJ t"dy`g,ftm;jzifh
qufpyfaeaoma=umifh tvGefrSm;avh&Sdonfh pum;vHk;rsm;udk txl;owdxm; &ygrnf?
xdkpum;vHk;rsm;rSmvnf; rSm;ygu t"dy`g,fvGJacsmfoGm;onfhtwGuf rrSm;oifhonfh
trSm;rsm;yifjzpfygonf?
Oyrm - us ESifh cs wGif us onf tvdktavsmufjzpfjcif;udk jyonfh t"dy`g,f
jzpf+yD;/ cs rSm jyKjcif;udk jyonfh t"dy`g,fjzpfonf? xdkuJhodk@yif uGm onf tvdktavsmuf
jzpfjcif;oabmudk jy+yD;/ cGm u jyKjcif;oabm jzpfonf?
xdkodk@aom pum;vHk;rsm;xJrS wcsdK@udk Oyrm jyvdkygonf?
jzpfjcif;jy jyKjcif;jy
uGm cGm
usuf csuf
aºu ac|
yJh zJh
+idrf; +id‡rf;
eyf ESyf
CE-BM-Final.indd11 11/8/20076:59:36AM
12 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
jzpfjcif;jy jyKjcif;jy
a&G@ a&$@
arsm ar#m
vef vSef
vGwf v$wf
aEG; aE$;
jrKyf jr‡Kyf
vGifh v$ifh
aysmuf azsmuf
yGifh zGifh
jywf jzwf
nyf n‡yf
yG zG
avsmh av#mh
pum;oHtquftpyf/ tjzwft&yf
pum;oHESpfoHudk wqufwpyfwnf; ajymonfhtcg a&S›pum;oH. t&Sdefu
aemufu pum;oHudk v$rf;rdk;wwfygonf?
Oyrm - ‘ykvif;uGJ’[laom pum;vHk;udk ajymonfhtcg a&S@pum;oH ‘ykvif;’.
oHjyif;v$rf;rdk;r_a=umifh aemufu ‘uGJ’ [laom oHnif;u toHjyif;odk@ajymif;oGm;um ‘yvif;*GJ’
[k jzpfoGm;onf? xdkodk@ ajymif;&mwGif oHnif;- oHwif;- oHjyif; oufqdkif&m twGJtzuf
twdkif;om ajymif;onf? atmufazmfjyyg twGJtvdkuf toHajymif;jcif;jzpfonf?
oHnif; oHwif; oHjyif;
u c *
us cs *s
p q Z
w x '
y z b
o oS ( jrefrm toHxGuft& oHjyif; o jzpfonf)
CE-BM-Final.indd12 11/8/20076:59:36AM
13 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm -
upm;p&m - *Zm;Z,m
uwHk; - *'Hk;
uwkef;uwdkuf - *'Hk;*'dkuf
uav; - cav;
ukÉD - uk'D
ukaÉ - *a'
ukodkvf - uko_d
udk,fxl;udk,fc|ef - udk'l;udkc|ef
ukefpHkqdkif - ukefZHkZdkif
ukefonf - ukefoSnf
cg;ydkufaqmifwyf - *Adkufaqmifwyf
cHwGif;ysuf - *'Gif;Asuf
acgif;}uD;ydkif; - a*gif;*sD;Adkif;
aiGa=u; - aiGa*s;
p=u0aw;rif; - pufus0a';rif;
aq;qdkif - aq;Zdkif
quf&uf - Z,uf
qif;wk - qif;'k
aqmif;wGif; - aqmif;'Gif;
q,fck - q,f*k
w&m;yGJ - w,m;bGJ
wdkif;&if;om; - wdkif;,if;oSm;
wnf;cdk - wJcdk
wef;vsm; - wef;,m;
xD;oHk;eef;oHk; - xD;o_H;eef;o_H;
a'ocH - a'o*H
"g;pmcH - "Zm*H
ae@pm; - ae@Zm;
eif;jym; - eif;Asm;
enf;enf; - eJeJ
CE-BM-Final.indd13 11/8/20076:59:36AM
14 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
yl;aygif; - yl;abmif;
yef;jcH - yef;*sH
yef;yif - yef;bif
jznf;jznf; - ajz;ajz;
AdkvfcsKyf - bdk*sKwf
bdoduf - bdwfodwf
bk&m;yHkawmf - z,m;yHka':
bkef;awmf}uD; - zkef;a':*sD;
bGJ@=udKoifwef; - bGJ@*sdKoif'ef;
rD;owf - rD;oSwf
armfuGef; - armf*Gef;
armfuGef;0if - armf*Gef;0if
rif;wkef; - rif;'kH;
rif;ajrmufwefqm - rif;ajrmuf'Zm
rdef@cGef; - rdef@*Gef;
rsdK;aph - rsdK;aZh
rsdK;quf - rsdK;Zuf
,mawm - ,ma'g
,lusHK;r& - ,l*sKef;r,mh
a&aumif;a&oef@ - a,a*gif;a,oSef@
a&cJqdkif - a,*JZdkif
a&csdef - a,*sdef
a&pufcs - a,Zufcs
&Jwdkuf - ,J'dkuf
&Jom; - ,JoSm;
&efol - ,Hoª
±kyfjrifoH=um; - ,kwfrsifoH*sm;
&Hk;cef; - ,Hk;*ef;
vcpm; - v*ghZm;
vl}uD; - vl+*D;
vlñuH - vl*sHK
CE-BM-Final.indd14 11/8/20076:59:36AM
1� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
vlawmfvlaumif; - vla': vla*gif;
vlxk - vl'k
avoH - avoSH
vifpHkr,m;zuf - vifZHkr,zuf
v,fuGuf - v,f*Guf
v,fcGef - v,f*GH
vGefqef - vGefZH
vSnfhpm; - vSnfhZm;
0uftlacsmif; - 0uftla*smif;
0ef}uD; - 0ef*sD;
0efxkyf0efydk; - 0ef'kwf0efAdk;
0efxrf; - 0ef'ef;
0rf;a&m*g - 0ef;a,m*g
o=um; - oS*sm;
oajyyef; - oSaAsAef;
ordkif;a=umif; - ordkif;a*smif;
olykef - oSAkH
aowrf;pm - ao'ef;Zm
aor_aocif; - aor_ao*if;
oHo, - oHoS,
om;aumif - om;a*gif
om;ydkufaumif - om;bdkufaumif
oHCmxk - oHCm'k
opfawmxGufypPnf; - opfawm'Guf jypfpnf;
oGm;=u - oGm;*s
oGm;csif - oGm;*sif
[efcsuf - [ef*suf
tysdKpif - tysdKZif
tm%mydkif - tm%mbdkif
tdkpmrif;pm - tdkZmrif;Zm
tif;vsm;vrf; - tif;,m;vef;
CE-BM-Final.indd15 11/8/20076:59:36AM
16 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
tdrfaxmifonf - tdefa'gifoS,f
tdrfom - tdefoSm
tdrfOD;cef; - tdeftl;*ef;
- qifhxyfpum;vHk;rsm;udk ajymvsifvnf; a&S@pum;oHrS oHjyif;v$rf;rdk;r_a=umifh 'kwd,Asnf;.
pum;oHu oHjyif;odk@ ajymif;onf?
Oyrm -
zG,fzG,f&m&m - zG,fbG,f,m,m
aumif;aumif;rGefrGef - aumif;a*gif;rGefrGef
pD;pD;ydkifydkif - pD;ZD;ydkifAdkif
acsacsjrpfjrpf - acsa*srspfrspf
wdkif;&if;om;csif; - wdkif;,if;om;*sif;
wdkif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; - wdkif;,if;om;tcsif;*sif;
,Hk,Hk=unf=unf - ,Hk,Hk=unf*sD
pnfpnfum;um; - pnfZDum;*g;
aysmfyGJ ¶$ifyGJ - aysmfbGJ ¶$ifbGJ
uZm;ckefpm; - *Zm; ckefZm;
bk=unfh=unfh - bk*sd usd
- pum;oHESpfckudk wqufwpyfwnf; &Gwfqdk&mwGif a&S@pum;oHonf toufatmifhoH
jzpfv#ifrl aemufpum;oHu rajymif;vJbJ oHnif;jzifhom xGufonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh
toufatmifh&aom -uf / -pf/ -wf/ -yf oHwdk@. aemufwGif vdkufaom pum;oHwdk@
rSm toHrajymif;ay?
Oyrm -
pufuGif; - pufuGif;
owfuGif; - owfuGif;
opfqdkif - opfqdkif
tdyfcef; - tdyfcef;
vkyfc - vkyfc
- odk@aomf e*dkrlvu oHnif;rS oHjyif;odk@ ajymif;vJ+yD;jzpfonfh pum;oHjzpfv#ifrl a&S›u
CE-BM-Final.indd16 11/8/20076:59:36AM
1� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
toufatmifhoHjzpfaomfvnf; aemufpum;oHu oHnif;odk@ rajymif; awmhay?
Oyrm -
0ufacgif; - 0ufa*gif;
qdwfcsdK - qdwf*sdK
taemufaxmifh - taemufa'gifh
- pum;oHESpfoHudk wqufwpyfwnf; &Gwfqdkonfhtcg a&S›o&oHonf =um;o&oH odk@
ajymif;wwfonf?
Oyrm-
pma&; - pa,;
aoewf - oewf
xrif;&nf - xra,
w&m;0if - w,0if
E_wfcrf; - EScrf;
olcdk; - ocdk;
EGm;r - er
ig;ajcmuf - iajcmuf
vufbuf&nf - vzufa,
- pum;oHESpfoH wqufwnf;¶Gwf&mwGif a&S› o&oHu =um; o&oHodk@ ajymif;v#if aemuf
o&oHu oHjyif; (odk@) oHwif; odk@ ajymif;wwfonf?
Oyrm-
0g;uyf - 0*wf
em;usyf - e*swf
ig;pdrf; - iZdef;
eef;rawmf - eef;ra':
pum;0dkif; - Z*0dkif;
w&m;0if - w,0if
w&m;cGif - w,*Gif
jrefrmpm - jrrmZm
CE-BM-Final.indd17 11/8/20076:59:36AM
1� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- aemufu Asnf;oH vdkufrajymif;onfh ¹cif;csuf pum;vHk;rsdK;vnf; &Sdonf?
ig;yd - iyd
EGm;odk; - eodk;
ESmacgif; - ESacgif;
oGm;zHk; - ozkef;
- a&S@wGif ‘t’ygaom pum;oHrsm;Y ‘t’onf =um;o&oHuJhodk@ xGuf&ojzifh toHtm;
enf;aoma=umifh aemufu pum;oHudk wpHkw&m rv$rf;rdk;Edkifay? xdk@a=umifh ‘t’aemufwGif
pum;oH rajymif;ay?
Oyrm-
tudkif; - tudkif;
tcef; - tcef;
t}uD; - tusD;
tpkwf - tpkwf
tyif - tyif
tzGJ@ - tzGJ@
touf - touf
txdef; - txdef;
tqifh - tqifh
tcsuf - tcsuf
twGJ - twGJ
- a&S›pum;oHa&m aemufpum;oHyg oHnif;Asnf;rsm;jzpfv#ifrl a&S› =um;o&a&m aemufvdkuf
oHyg / oHjyif;odk@ ajymif;onf?
Oyrm -
pm;yGJ - ZbGJ
urf;yg; - *bm;
ol}uD; - \*sD;
yg;pyf - AZyf
pum;0dkif; - Z*0dkif;
CE-BM-Final.indd18 11/8/20076:59:36AM
1� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
pum;oH - Z*oH
orm;±dk;us - or,dk;*smh
- tcsdK@aom ‘pum;vHk;wGJ’rsm;wGif tv,frS ‘t-o&’oHonf =um;o&oHodk@ ajymif;wwf
onf?
Oyrm-
rdef;r=urf; - rdef;r*sef;
rdef;rxdef; - rdef;r'def;
rdef;uav; - rdef;cav;
wdwfwqdwf - wdwfwqdwf
ajymprSwf - aysmZrSwf
eef;rawmf - eef;ra':
wyfrawmf - wyfra':
vwfwavm - vwfwavm
±kwfw&uf - ,kwfw,uf
- o&oH ajymif;vJr_oabmt& a&S@o& td o&oH rS t o&oH odk@vnf;aumif;/ tH (tef)
o&oH rS t o&oHjyif; odk@vnf;aumif;/ tk o&oHrS t o&oHodk@vnf;aumif; ajymif;aom
pum;vHk;rsm;vnf; &Sdonf?
Oyrm - td o&oH rS t o&oH odk@
ud&d,m - u&d,m
wd&p>mef - w&dwfqef
edrdwf - erdwf
zdeyf - zeyf
bDvl; - bvl;
0D&d, - 0&d,
od=um;rif; - oS*sm;rif;
tH (tef) o&oH rS t o&oHjyif; odk@
qHyif - ZAif
uefawmh - *a'gh
CE-BM-Final.indd19 11/8/20076:59:37AM
20 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
wHwm; - ''g;
wHcg; - '*g;
wefcdk; - '*dk;
uefpGef;&Guf - *ZGef;&Guf
=urf;ydk; - *sAdk;
wefqmqif - 'Zmqif
yef;awmif;òr@ - ba'gif;òr@
(tk o&oHrS t o&oHodk@)
ukvm;xdkif - uvm;xdkif
ukvm;tkyf - uvm;tkyf
yk*Hòr@ - b*Hòr@
ykvJykwD; - yvJb'D;
ykodrfòr@ - yodefòr@
ykqdef - yqdef
- pum;oHESpfoHudk t=um;wGif ydkif;jzwf&yfem;r_&Sd+yD; ¶Gwfqdkv#ifrl toH rajymif;ay?
Oyrm -
at;puf - at;puf
=uHHhcdkif - =uHHhcdkif
jyifqif - jyifqif
wrf;w - wrf;w
xdef;odrf; - xdef;odrf;
pnf;urf; - pnf;urf;
odrf;ydkuf - odrf;ydkuf
o,fxkwf - o,fxkwf
odef;qk - odef;qk
onf;xef - onf;xef
oHk@yef; - oHk@yef;
oHk;oyf - oHk;oyf
jrefrmpmay - jrefrmpmay
CE-BM-Final.indd20 11/8/20076:59:37AM
21 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
tEkynm - tEkynm
,Ofaus;r_ - ,Ofaus;r_
prf;oyf - prf;oyf
wnfaxmif - wnfaxmif
pkyHk - pkyHk
qHo - qHo
azmfxkwf - azmfxkwf
- arG;pm;pum;vHk;rsm;&Gwfqdk&mwGif rl&if;toHESifh teD;pyfqHk;&Gwfqdk&ojzifh pum;oHrsm;
rajymif;vJoavmufyif jzpfonf?
Oyrm -
*smuif - *smuif
aumfzD - aumfzD
w,fvDzkef; - w,fvDzkef;
ygwD - ygwD
aumifpD - aumifpD
umwGef; - umwGef;
uGefysLwm - uGefysLwm
vefjcm; - vHcsm;
armfawmfum; - armfawmfum;
qdkifu,f - qdkifu,f
ypfpwdk - ypfpwdk
aumfyD - aumfyD
- pum;oHa=umifh t"dy`g,foufa&mufr_/ }ud,m/ emrf ponfwdk@ ajymif;vJonfudkvnf;
awG@&onf?
Oyrm-
tr_xrf; - olonf y&dabm*ukr`%DwckwGif tr_xrf;onf? (}ud,m)
- olonf y&dabm*ukr`%DwckwGif tr_xrf;('ef;) jzpfonf? (emrf)
CE-BM-Final.indd21 11/8/20076:59:37AM
22 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
oufaocH - w&m;cHudk oufaocH ypPnf;ESifhwuG zrf;rdcJhonf?
(emrf - oufao*H [k toHxGufonf))
- xdktr_twGuf ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;u oufaocH ygonf?
(}ud,m - oufaocH [kom toHxGufonf)
pmwnf; - xdkr*~Zif;wGif olu wm0efcH pmwnf; jzpfonf?
(emrf - pm'D; [k toHxGufonf)
- xdkpmtkyfudk ol pmwnf; cJhjcif;jzpfonf?
(=ud,m - pmwD; [k toHxGufonf)
0gqdk - Ak'<bmombkef;awmf}uD;rsm;onf 0gqdkvwGif c&D;roGm;=u&yg?
(emrf - 0gZdk [k toHxGufonf)
- 0gwGif;umvjzpfojzifhf &efukefòr@wGif 0gqdkae=uonfh oHCmawmfrsm;rSm
e,fodk@ jyef&ef tcuftcJñuH=u&onf?
(=ud,m - 0gqdk [kom toHxGufonf)
acgif;yHkjzwf - ppftpdk;&onf jynfolvlxk. b¾mudk ‚wdk@ udk,fusdK;twGuf
oHk;pGJaeaom acgif;yHkjzwf rsm;yifjzpfonf?‘
(emrf - a*gif;AHkAswf [k toHxGufonf)
- jrefrmoH&Hk;onf udk,fh EdkifiHom;. ac|;enf;pmudk acgif;yHkjzwf tjrwfxkwfonfh
ae&mwGif xif&Sm;onf?
(=ud,m- ‘a*gif;yHkzswf’[k toHxGufonf)
toHv$ifhrD'D,mrsm;Y Armwdkif;&if;om; r[kwfonfh tjcm;aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;
rsm;u ‚wdk@. rdcifbmompum; r[kwfaom jrefrmbmompum;jzifh owif;a=unm&mwGif
pH toHxGuftjzpf yDoatmif rxGufEdkifonfh jy\em &Sdygonf?
rsm;aomtm;jzifh awmifay:a'oae wdkif;&if;om;wdk@rSm ‘w’ESifh ‘o’/ ‘p’ESifh’q’/
‘cs’ ESifh ‘&S’toHrsm;udk yDoatmif uGJuGJjym;jym; rxGufEdkifjcif;/ xdk@twl jrefrmjynf
txufydkif; a'owGifaexdkifaom jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;. a'od,oHa=umifh ‘-Gef’ ESifh ‘-Gif’ oH
ruGJjcif; (Oyrm- a&wGif;-a&wGef;/ � ck-cGifeck)/ ‘w’ ESifh’o’oH ruGJjcif;rsm;&Sdaeygonf?
xdkpum;oHrsm;udk Tpmwrf;wGif tao;pdwf raqG;aEG;awmhyg? pum;vHk;.
CE-BM-Final.indd22 11/8/20076:59:37AM
23 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
qdkvdk&if; t"dyg,fudk xdcdkufapavmufonfh pum;oH ryDor_wdk@udkom OD;pm;ay; wifjyxm;
ygonf?
,ae@ toHv$ifhrD'D,mrsm;wGif awG@&avh&Sdaom trsm;pk rSm;avh&Sdaeaom toH
xGufrSm; tcsKd@udk vufvSrf;rDoa&G@ wifjyygrnf?
pmvHk;aygif; toHtrSef toHtrSm;
uav;òr@ uav;òr@ cav;òr@
uav;oli,f cav;oi,f uav;oli,f
umuG,f um*G,f umuG,f
udk,fusdK;&Sm udk,f*sdK;&Sm udk,fusdK;&Sm
a=umuf&G@H a=umuf,Gef@ a=umuf,$ef@
acgif;yHkjzwf acgif;bHkzswf acgif;yHkzswf
jidrf;csrf;a&; ndef;*sef;a,; ndef;csrf;a,;
pum;}uD; pum;us,f Z**sD; Z**s,f Z*usD; Z*us,f
pum;jyef Z*Asef Z*ysef
pum;0dkif; Z*0dkif; Z*g;0dkif;
pmwnf; pm'D; pm'J
pHjy pefAs pefys
qkawmif;yGJ qkawmif;bGJ qkawmif;yGJ
qif;&JwGif; qif;,J'Gif; qif;,JwGif;
(qif;,J'Gef;- a'ooH)
wqifhcH wqifh*H 'Zifh*H
w&m;0if w,0if w,m;0if
xlaxmif xla'gif xlaxmif
xlxyf xl'yf xlxwf
'gayrJh 'gaArJh 'gaAeJ@
aeomxdkifom aeoSmxdkifoSm aeomxdkifom
aemufqHk;ydwf aemufqHk;bdwf aemufqHk;ydwf
EdkifiH EdkifiH Edkif*H
EdkifiHawmf EdkifiHa': Edkif*Ha':
CE-BM-Final.indd23 11/8/20076:59:37AM
24 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
enf;enf;pD eJeJZD eJeJ pD
AdkvfcsKyf bdk*sKwf bdkcsKwf
jrefrmpmay jrrm pmay jrrm Zmay
vufatmufi,fom; vufatmufi,foSm; vufatmufi,fom;
vGrf;ol@yef;acG vGrf;oª@yef;a*G vGrf;ol@yef;acG
0goem 0goSem 0goem
0dkif;0ef; 0dkif;0ef; 0dkif;0if;
0efcH 0efcH 0ifcH
0ef}uD;csKyf 0ef*sD;*sKwf 0if*sD;csKwf
0efxrf; 0ef'ef; 0ifxef;
oabmxm; oabm'g; oabmxm;
omrefumv#efum orH*g ,SH*g orHum,SHum
om;axmuforD;cH om;a'guforD;*H om;axmuforD;cH
olcdk;usifholcdk;=uH ocdk;*sifh ocdk;*sH ocdk;usifh ocdk;usH
aocef;&Sifcef;jywf ao*ef;,Sif*ef;Aswf aocef;,Sifcef;yswf
aoajy;&Sifajy; aoaAs; ,SifaAs; aoays; ,Sifays;
oHcsyfumum; oH*swfumum; oHcsyfumum;
oHql;=udK; oHql;*sdK; oHpl;usdK;
oHo, oHoS, oHo,
o=uFef oif;*sH o*sH
odk@ayrJhvdk@ odk@aArJhvdk@ Edk@aArJhvdk@
odk@r[kwf&if odk@r[kwf,if Edk@r[kwf,if
oufaocH oufao*H oufaocH
tzrf;qD;cH tzrf;ZD;*H tzrf;qD;cH
tbdk;tbGm; tzdk;tzGm; tbdk;tbGm;
trdef@pm trdef@Zm trdef@pm
toHzrf;puf toHzrf;Zuf toHbrf;Zuf
at;csrf;om,ma&; at;*sef;om,ma,; at;csef;om,ma,;
�� rsdK;quf ��rsdK;Zuf �� rsdK;quf
CE-BM-Final.indd24 11/8/20076:59:37AM
2� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
jrefrmrD'D,mrsm;wGif pum;oHyDa&;udk ta&;t&mvkyfI ajym&onfrSm trsm;oHk;
bmompum;udk trsm;em;vnfEdkifonfh pHESifhudkufnDrS ydkI xda&muf toHk;0ifaoma=umifh
yif jzpfygonf?
xdk@a=umifh trsm;tm;jzifh vGJrSm;wwf+yD;/ qdkvdk&if;t"dy`g,fudkvnf; xdcdkuf
apEdkifaom trSm;rsm;udkom aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;ygonf? xdk@jyif +yD;jynfhpHkaom pmwef;wapmif
vnf; r[kwfbJ owdjyKEdkif±Hkr#udkom &nf&G,fygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd25 11/8/20076:59:37AM
26 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
jrefrmrD'D,mrsm;wGif &ifqdkifae&aom jy\emrSm pmvHk;aygif;owfyHkjy\em
jzpfonf? wcsKd@t,ltqrsm;t& ‘pmvHk;aygif; b,fvdkaygif;aygif; zwfwJhol em;vnf&if
+yD;wmyJ’ [k vGJrSm;pGm wkH@jyefajymqdkjcif;rsdK;yif &Sdaeygonf? pifppfwGif bmompmaywrsKd;.
pHt& owfyHko'Ng rSefuefjcif;u xdkbmompmay. wefzdk;yif jzpfygonf?
xdk@jyif aemufxyfta&;}uD;onfrSm pmvHk;aygif;owfyHkrSm;jcif;a=umifh qdkvdk&if;
t"dy`g,f vGJrSm;oGm;apaom jy\emyifjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh pmvHk;aygif;owfyHku¾
ta&;ygyHkudk om"ursm;ESifh &Sif;vif; wifjyoGm;ygrnf?
owfyHkrSm;onfESifh t"dy`g,f vGJoGm;onfh pum;vHk;rsm;
atmufazmfjyyg pum;vHk;rsm;onf trsm;pk rSm;avh&S daom pmvHk;aygif;
owfyHkrsm; jzpfygonf?
aygif;qHk - aygif;pHk
aygif;qHk rSm wae&mowfrSwf+yD;/ aygif;pkawG@qHkaom t"dyg,fjzpf+yD;/ aygif;pHk u
awmh trsKd;rsKd;aomt&mrsm; pkHvifpkaygif;jcif; jzpfonf?
±_wfcs - ±_H@cs
±_wfcs u tjypfwifonfh t"dy`g,f jzpfonf? trsm;rSm;oHk;avh&Sdaom ±_H@cs rSm
t"dy`g,f txl; r&Sday? xdk@a=umifh ±_wfcs’ uom trSefjzpfonf?
ynmwwf - ynmwuf
azmfjyyg -wf ESifh -uftrSm;udkvnf; trsm;tjym; awG@&onf? pifppf ynmwwf
qdkonfu ynmudk wwfajrmufjcif;oabm jzpf+yD;/ ynmwuf qdkonfu ynmwckudk tqifh
wckodk@ wufjcif; oabmrsdK;om jzpfI t"dyg,ftm;jzifh vHk;0 rwlaoma=umifh rrSm;oifhaom
pmvHk;aygif;yif jzpfygonf?
xdkuJhodk@yif -
wwfajrmuf - wufajrmuf
csDwuf - csDwwf
oufqdkif - owfqdkif
tcef; (3)
pum;aygif;owfyHk trSm;
CE-BM-Final.indd26 11/8/20076:59:37AM
2� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
ajymvsuf qdkvsuf - ajymv#uf qdkv#uf
vsuf udk toHxGuft& -#uf ESifh rSm;,Gif;a&;rdjcif; jzpfonf? pmvHk;aygif;trSefrSm
ajymvsuf qdkvsuf jzpfonf?
-# rygaom pmvHk;rsm;rSm -
tvsif tjref
tvsOfrjywf
vsufqm;
-# ygaom pmvHk;rsm;rSm -
oGm;v#if a&mufrnf
vrf;av#muf
a&v#H
vspfvsL±_ - vpfvsL±_
trsm;qHk;rSm;wwfonfh pmvHk;aygif;jzpfonf? toHxGuft& pmvHk;aygif;=uaom
a=umifh vpfvsL±_[k rSm;aygif;ae=ujcif;jzpfonf? pmvHk;aygif;trSefrSm vspfvsL±_ jzpfonf?
olcsnf; - ol}uD;
vltrsm;pkrSm;wwfaom pmvHk;aygif;yif jzpfygonf? csnf; .t"dy`g,frSm tjcm;
rnfolr#ryg/ olwdk@omyg0ifonf[laom t"dy`g,fjzpf+yD; }uD; rSmrl ri,faomt"dy`g,fjzpfI
pmvHk;aygif;rSm;onfESifh rl&if;t"dy`g,f vGJacsmfoGm;apygonf?
Oyrm -
- 'DudpPudk =uHhzGH@awG}uD; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;aewm jzpfygw,f? (rSm;)
- 'DudpPudk =uHhzGH@awGcsnf; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;aewm jzpfygw,f? (rSef)
- jy\emrSefor#udk OuUÏ}uD; wm0ef,lajz&Sif;ae&ygw,f? (rSm;)
- jy\emrSefor#udk OuUÏcsnf; wm0ef,lajz&Sif;ae&ygw,f? (rSef)
rnfolr# - rnfolrS
xdkpmvHk;aygif;onfvnf; rSm;avhrSm;x&Sdaom pmvHk;aygif; jzpfonf?
rsm;aomtm;jzifh rnfolrS [k toHxGuftwdkif; a&;ae=uonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd27 11/8/20076:59:37AM
2� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- rnfolr# r0if&?
- rnfolr# jzwfoef;oGm;vmcGifh rjyK?
urBmra=u - urBmraus
‘urBmra=uæ Armajy(jynf)æ 'dk@bdk;bGm;tarGESpfrdk@ cspfjrwfEdk;ay’ [laom
oDcsif;pmom;Yygonfh urBmra=u onf a=urG/ a=uysuf [lonfh t"dy`g,fjzpf+yD; urBm}uD;
ra=uysufEdkifovdk Armonfvnf; urBmwnfoa&G@wnfffjrJrnf/ ra=uysufEdkif[k wifpm;zGJ@
qdkjcif;jzpfonf? aus rSmrl ausaysmuf [laom t"dy`g,fjzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifh urBmra=u twGuf a&;xHk;owfyHk trSefrSm a=u jzpfonf? urBmyif
a=uysufaomfvnf; urŠnf;O'gef; url rausaysmufap&æ [laom t"dy`g,fjzpfonf?
‘urBmra=ubl;/ igwdk@aoG;eJ@ a&;cJh=uwJh armfuGef;aw;’ wGifvnf; t"dy`g,f
woabmwnf;yif jzpfygonf? ‘urBm}uD;ra=uysufEdkfifouJhodk@ jynfolrsm;. aoG;ESifha&;cJhaom
armfuGef;aw;onfvnf; ra=uysufEdkif ’ [laom t"dyg,fyifjzpfonf?
xdkuJhodk@ rSm;wwfonfh/ rSm;avh&Sdonfh pum;vHk;tcsKd@udk wifjyygrnf?
pmvHk;aygif;trSm; - pmvHk;aygif; trSef
avsmhcs - av#mhcs
wmql - wmpl
tn‡dK; - tòi;
wkef@jyef - wkH@jyef
emusOf; - emusnf;
&yfqJ - &yfpJ
oGm;aepJ - oGm;aeqJ
pm;&dwf - p&dwf
ae@vnf - ae@v,f
pHepf - pepf
qifEJG - qifE$J
0ifcH - 0efcH
0dkif;0if; - 0dkif;0ef;
jzef@csD - jzef@csd
ESdrfESif; - ESdrfeif;
CE-BM-Final.indd28 11/8/20076:59:38AM
2� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
v$ifhjypf - v$ifhypf
uspfvpf - uspfvspf
ygXd / ygÏd - ygVd
oI - oa&G@
a=umuf&$H@ - a=umuf&GH@
aºu;arG; - au|;arG;
aqmifhqdkif;/ apmifhpdkif; - apmifhqdkif;
xdkifaqmifh - xdkifapmifh
wckjcif; - wckcsif;
vnfqif;cH - vnfpif;cH
&iftkwfruGm - &iftkyfruGm
vufqkwf vufudkif - vufqkyfvufudkif
pGJudkif jyEdkifzdk@ - qGJudkifjyEdkifzdk@
vufeufpGJudkif - vufeufqGJudkif
vm'fay;vm'f,l - vmbfay; vmbf,l
y&dwfowf / y&dom'f - y&dowf
t}udwfte,f - tusdwfte,f
tcJra=u - tcJraus
nm%f&nf/ n%f&nf - ^m%f&nf (Om%f&nf)
tusOf;wef - tusnf;wef
wif;wdefa=ueyf - wif;wdrfauseyf
wa,mufxJ - wa,mufwnf;
ta&mifaqmif - ta,mifaqmif
csufjcif;vGwf - csufcsif;v$wf
urBmwv$m; ESifh urBmw0Srf; a&m+yD; urBmwvGrf; [k ajymjcif;rsKd;?
toHxGuftwdkif;a&;aom trSm;
tkyfxkyf - OD;xkyf
at;'dtay:rSm - tJ'Dtay:rSm
at;ovdk - tJovdk
CE-BM-Final.indd29 11/8/20076:59:38AM
30 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
wpf jy\em
jrefrmjynfwGif;rS pmvHk;aygif;owfyHk owfrSwfcsuft& wpfudk ta&twGuf
*%ef; wpf (1) tjzpf oHk;&rnfjzpfonf?
Oyrm- wpfck/ wpfaumif/ wpfa,muf/ wpfEdkifiH/ wpfa'o
ta&twGuf r[kwfaom w toHk;Y wpf roHk;&yg?
Oyrm- wrifwum / wcgwav/ wcgw&H/ wrk[kwfcsif;/ wrsKd;wzHk/ w&Ha&mtcg/
waoGrwdrf;/ wav;wpm;/ w±dkwao/ waqG;waEG;?
odk@aomf ‘wpf’ oHk;&rnfhae&mwGif ‘w’ oHk;jcif;u rrSm;Edkifaoma=umifh ‘w’udkom tvG,f
wul toHk;jyKoifhygonf?
us - =u
- we*FaEGae@=u rS xyfrHawG@qHkrSm jzpfygw,f? (rSm;)
- we*FaEGae@us rS xyfrHawG@qHkrSm jzpfygw,f? (rSef)
- awG@aeus ae&mrSm csdef;qdkxm;ygw,f?
- 'Dae&mrSm tm;vHk; qHk=uzdk@ csdef;qdkxm;ygw,f?
- t&m&Sdtqifhrsm; tpnf;ta0;usif;yaeusjzpfaom cef;r (1) wGif toifhae&m
,lxm;=u&efjzpfonf?
rJh - r,fh
rJh . t"dy`g,frSm r&Sd/ r[kwf/ uif;rJh [laom tjiif; t"dy`g,fjzpfonf?
xdk@a=umifh tjiif;oHk; pum;vHk;jzpfonfh 'gayrJh udk rJh jzifh pmvHk;aygif;&jcif; jzpfonf?
Oyrm -
- usaemf eufjzefus&if vmcJhyghr,f? 'gayrJh rvmjzpf&if zkef;qufvdkufyghr,f?
- usaemf aeraumif;ayrJh a&mufatmif vmyghr,f?
- usr EdkifiHa&;vkyfcsifygw,f? 'gayrJh tzrf;cH&rSmudk a=umufygw,f?
r,fh . t"dy`g,frSmrl pm-pum;ajywGif oHk;onfh rnfh yifjzpfonf? tem*wf
jy pum;oHk;jzpfonf? jyKvkyfrnf[k t"dy`g,faqmifojzifh tjiif;jy ‘rJh’ ESifh qef@
usifbufjzpfonf?
Oyrm -
- olvmr,fh ta=umif; ajymxm;ay;yg?
CE-BM-Final.indd30 11/8/20076:59:38AM
31 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- rpPwm*efbm&D[m vmr,fh &ufowWywftwGif;rSm jrefrmEdkifiHudk oGm;a&muf
rSm jzpfygw,f?
- aemufwae&mudk a&$@ajymif;awmhr,fhqJqJrSm tzrf;cHvdkuf&wm jzpfygw,f?
- olwdk@ jyKvkyfr,fh axmufcH}udKqdkyGJu twkta,mifom jzpfygw,f?
-g tydk
ywfouf udk ygwfouf/ ywf0ef;usif udk ygwf0ef;usif [k ta&;rsm;=uonf?
jrefrmpmvHk;aygif;xHk;t& ygwf [lonfh aygif;xHk;r&Sdyg? ywf [lonfrSm wywfvnf+yD; jyefvnf
qdkufa&mufonf[lonfh t"dyg,fjzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh ywf0ef;usif/ ywfouf/ ywfywfvnf
[laom pmvHk;aygif;om trSefjzpfonf?
tem*wfonfvnf; xdkenf;wlyif? vHk;csif;Asnf;udk -g xnfhaygif;jcif;onf ygVd
aygif;xHk;omjzpf+yD; jrefrmpmaygif;xHk;Yr&Sdyg? xdk@a=umifh tem*gwf r[kwf? tem*wf om
trSef jzpfonf?
vJ - vnf; toHk;
‘b,fvdkpDpOf=urvJ qdkwmudkvnf; xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;=u&rSm jzpfygw,f’
[laom0gusrsKd;udk ‘b,fvdkpDpOf=urvnf;’ [krSm;a&;=uonfudk trsm;tjym;awG@&onf?
ar;cGef;oabmtoHk;u vJ jzpf+yD; ‘xdk@twl’ [k t"dyg,foufa&mufonfh ae&m
rSmrl vnf; udk oHk;&rnfjzpfonf? tjiif;pum; odk@aomf . aemufqufudk vnf; [kom
pmvHk;aygif;I odk@aomfvnf; u trSefjzpfonf?
acsmfvJ a&mxdkif / tvJtuGJ / vJrd_@yif/
ajcmufjypfuif; oJvnf;pif/
rkqdk;vnf; om;aumif/ om;aumifvnf; rkqdk;
ol tEdkif&.? odk@aomfvnf; r0gºuGm;?
ol tEdkif&aomfvnf; r0gºuGm;?
“ar;cGef;udkvJ/ acsmfumvJ æ olvnf;/ igvnf;/ odk@aomfvnf;”
vnf;aumif; eJ@ ‚
vnf;aumif; udk ‘jzpfap’ [laom oabmESifh twlwlyif oHk;ygonf?
- &efukefòr@rS rEœav;òr@odk@ um;ESifh vnf;aumif;/ &xm;ESifh vnf;aumif;/
av,mOfysHESifh vnf;aumif; oGm;Edkifygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd31 11/8/20076:59:38AM
32 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
‚ udkawmh t!¸ef;pum;vHk;tjzpfom toHk;jyKygonf?
‘jrefrmEdkifiHta&;twGuf rpPwm*efbm&Du tm&Sa'otwGif;&Sd acgif;aqmif rsm;ESifh
vSnfhvnfawG@qHkrnfjzpfonf? ‚. tm&SwGif; c&D;pOfrsm;+yD;qHk;onfhaemufwGif
jrefrmEdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufrnf jzpfonf’
‘tcsuftvufrSefrsm;&&Sd&ef ordkif;qdkif&mpmtkyfrsm; &SmazGzwf¶_&rnf jzpfonf?
‚pmtkyfrsm;udk A[dkpm=unfhwdkufY &Edkifonf?
yJ / bJ
yJ udk twllwl/ pifppf/ om [lonfht"dyg,frsKd;ESifh oHk;onf? yif [laomtoHk;udk
pmpum;ajywGif oHk;+yD; pum;ajymwGifrl yJ udkoHk;onf[k qdkEdkifygonf? Oyrm-
- olvnf; usaemfhvdk ausmif;om;ygyJ?
- q&mvnf;yJ 'DyGJudk wufygw,f?
- 'DvdkyJ pGef@v$wftepfemcH=u&ygw,f?
- wdkif;jynfpnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;udk a':atmifqef;pk=unfyJ vkyfEdkifwmyg?
- ppftpdk;&uyJ(om) tvHk;pHk ysufokOf;a&;udk OD;wnfaewmyg?
bJ udkrl jiif;qefaom ‘r[kwf’ 0gusrsm;wGifoHk;onf? bJ udk oHk;vsif a&S›wGif
tjiif;jy pum;vHk; r ESifhwGJI r - bJ ykHpHjzifh oHk;&ygonf? Oyrm -
- ppftpdk;&onf trSefudk 0efrcHbJ vdrfnmaeus jzpfonf?
- ravhvmbJ ajymygu rSm;wwfonf?
- raocsmbJ rpGyfpGJoifhyg?
zl; - bl;
zl; udk =uHKawG@ jzpfysufcJhzl;onf [laom teufjzifh oHk;onf? Oyrm -
- xdkqdkifwGif xrif;pm;zl;onf?
- usKdufxD;±dk;apwDudk zl; zl;onf?
- xdkif;EdkifiHwGif tvkyfvkyfzl;onf?
- ol@udk wcgr# rawG@zl;bl;vdk@ xifw,f?
bl; udk jiif;y,fjcif;jy ‘r’ ESifhwGJI oHk;onf? tjiif;pum;. tqHk;owf ‘ypPnf;
pum;vHk;’ jzpfonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd32 11/8/20076:59:38AM
33 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm-
- ol tpdk;&tvkyf rvkyfbl;?
- 'Dwm0efudk ol rauscJhbl;?
- 'Dppftpdk;&udk raxmufcHygbl;?
- ol vkyfaewmawGu rrSefuefbl;?
zuf - buf
zuf udk -
(1) twlwuG wnf&Sdjcif; oabm t"dy`g,fESifh oHk;onf?
- tazmftzuf (vkyfazmfudkifzuf/ oGm;azmfvmzuf)/ wGJzuf/ pHkzuf/ =uifzuf/
aygif;zuf/ vdkufzuf
(2) ocsFm udef;*%ef;rsm;ESifhwGJvsifvnf; zuf udk oHk;onf?
vufESpfzuf/ oHk;zufjrif/ tem;ig;zuf&Sdaom yOP*H/ ESpfOD;ESpfzuf
buf udk -
(1) t&yfrsufESm/ tcsdef ae&mudk azmfjy&mwGif oHk;onf?
- ta&S›buf/ taemufbuf/ awmifbuf/ ajrmufbuf
- urf;em;bufrSm/ aps;a&S›bufrSm/ awmbufrSm/ b,fbuf/ nmbuf/ aebuf/
nbuf/
(2) ol/ ig/ usm;/ r ESifh wGJvsifvnf; buf udk oHk;onf?
tazhbuf/ ol@buf udk,fhbuf/ q&mhbuf/ tpdk;&buf
(3) tp pmvHk;rsm;wGif buf [k aygif;onf?
- bufpHk/ bufwl/ bufrvdkuf/ bufawmfom;/ bufuef
rD - rSD
rD [lonfh toHk;onf ‘rd’ ESifh teufwlyif jzpfonf? zrf;rd/ &rdonfh oabmyif jzpf.?
Oyrm - ‘bwfpfum;udk rDvdkufonf’ [laom t"dyg,fonf bwfpfum;udk t& trdjzpfonfh
oabmyif?
xdk@a=umifh rD udk trD vdkuf/ tcsdefrD/ tvsOfrD/ pHcsdefrD/ acwfrD [lonfh t&trd
vdkufaom oabmjzifh oHk;onf?
rD udk wcgw&H ‘r’ ESifhvnf; wGJoHk;onf?
CE-BM-Final.indd33 11/8/20076:59:38AM
34 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm - r=umrD/ rpm;rD/ ra&mufrD/ rajymrD/ rvmrD?
rSD udk - t&m0wˆKwckckESifh xdrdatmifjyKonfh oabmY oHk;onf?
Oyrm - eH&HwGif ausmudkxdatmifuyfonfudk ausmrSDonf [k oHk;jcif;rsdK;
jzpfonf?
tm;udk; tm;xm;jyKonfh / udk;um;onfh oabmrsm;wGifvnf; rSD udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm - rSDcdkonf/ rSDjirf;onf/ rSD0Jonf/ rSDcdk&m/ trSDjyK?
xdk@jyif X ESifh Ï uGJjym;r_udkvnf; owdxm;oifhygonf? X udk Xme Xmae uJhodk@ vHk;csif;oHk;
rsm;wGif oHk;+yD; Ï udkrl towftjzpf oHk;onf?
Oyrm - OuUÏu XmecsKyfwGif ±Hk;xdkifonf?
,if;wGif ‘OufuXfX’ [laom aygif;xHk;udk waygif;wnf; a&;jcif;jzpfI Ï udk oHk;&rnf?
a& - &nf
a& udk aomufa&/ oHk;a&/ uefa&/ qnfajrmif;a& ponfjzifh oHk;onf?
xdk@jyif ta&twGuf/ a&wGufonf wdk@udkvnf; a& [kom pmvHk;aygif;onf?
&nf udkrl t&nf ESifh ywfouf+yD; oHk;onf? oHyk&m&nf/ azsmf&nf/ aq;&nf/
rsuf&nf/ ESm&nf/ [if;&nf/ aoG;&nf/ za,mif;&nf/ t&nf=unf ponfjzifhoHk;onf? xdk@jyif
t&nftcsif; / t&nftaoG; wdk@udkvnf; &nf jzifhhom pmvHk;aygif;onf?
I / a&G@
I udk yk'fpkESpfck/ 0gusESpfa=umif;wdk@udk qufpyfay;aom yk'fqufpum;vHk; orŠE<
tjzpf oHk;onf? ta&;pum;ajywGif toHk;rsm;onf?
Oyrm -
- arwWmydk@ vrf;av#muf&mwGif yg0ifcJhI tzrf;qD;cHcJh&jcif;jzpfonf?
- vlqdk;udk &Juzrf;I pcef;odk@ ac:aqmifoGm;onf?
- olajymI em;axmifae&onf?
- xdktr_ESifh ywfoufI oufaotjzpf qifhac:jcif;jzpfonf?
a&G@ udk pOfwGif [laomt"dy`g,fjzifhoHk;onf? ,if;wGif I udk roHk;&yg?
Oyrm -
CE-BM-Final.indd34 11/8/20076:59:38AM
3� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- pkaqmif;&oa&G@owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk wifjyxm;ygonf?
- tJ'Dtvkyfudk vkyfaeao;oa&G@awmh tcuftcJawG &ifqdkifae&OD;rSmygyJ?
- raoao;oa&G@ quf+yD; wdkufyGJ0ifaerSmyg?
- ckvdk tcsdefrsKd;rSm wwfEdkifoa&G@ óu;pm;ae=uzdk@ vdkygw,f?
- vlr_a&;vkyfief;awGtwGuf vdktyfoa&G@udk ulnDjznfhqnf;ay;oGm;r,fvdk@
ajym=um;oGm;ygw,f??
Y / E_duf
Y udk ae&mjyyk'ftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ tcsdefjyyk'ftjzpfvnf;aumif; oHk;ygonf?
ta&; pum;ajywGifom oHk;onf? Oyrm -
- &efukefòr@ a&$wd*Hkbk&m;ajcawmf&if;Y jzpfyGm;cJhaom
- eHeuf � em&DY usif;yrnfjzpfonf?
- aetdrfY 0ifa&muf&SmazGcJhonf?
E_duf onf E_duf,lonf/ E_dufxkwfonf [laom t"dy`g,fjzpfonf? Ed_ufEd_uf
c|wfc|wf (aoaocsmcsm ESifht"dyg,fwl)/ E_dufEd_ufESJESJ (eufeufeJeJ ESifh t"dyg,fwl) [lIvnf;
}ud,m0daooe toHk; &Sdonf? Oyrm -
- uav;wpk ykpGefvHk; Ed_ufae=uonf?
- cg;ydkufEd_ufudk &Jpcef;ydk@vdkufonf?
- ydkufqHudk tdwfxJrSm E_duf,lyg?
- odvdkor#udk Ed_ufxkwf ar;jref;EdkifcJhonf?
- v#Kd@0Sufxm;or#udk Ed_uf,l azmfxkwfEdkifcJhonf?
- xdkjy\emESifh ywfoufI Edd_ufEd_ufc|wfc|wf ar;jref;xm;&ef vdkonf?
- oufqdkif&mynm&yfudk Edd_ufEd_ufESJESJ odoljzpfrSom ynm&Sif[k owfrSwf&rnf
jzpfonf?
,ckpkaqmif;wifjycJhonfh owdjyKzG,f rSm;avhrSm;x&Sdaom pmvHk;aygif;owfyHkrsm;
rSm vufvSrf;rDor#udkom wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk awG@&Sdyg
u a0zeft=uHjyK jznfhpGufay;=uapvdkygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd35 11/8/20076:59:39AM
36 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
rnfonfhbmompum;rqdk o'Ngtay: tajccHIom wnfaqmuf zGJ@pyfxm;jcif;
jzpfonf? jrefrmpmtqdkt& ‘o'Ngrwwf pmrwwf’[kyif qdkavh&Sdygonf?
rD'D,morm;rsm;taeESifhrSmrl jrefrmpmwwfjcif; rwwfjcif;xuf rdrdajymqdk
a&;om;onfh ta=umif;t&m tzGJ@tEGJ@/ owif;tcsuftvufwdk@udk zwfol em;axmifol
trsm;u tvG,fwul em;vnfoabmaygufatmif wifjyEdkif&ef ydkrdkta&;}uD;ygonf?
xdktcgwGifrl rdrdwifjyaom pmESifh pum;wdk@ ajyjypf&Sif;vif;&ef/ t"dyg,f oabm
oGm;rSefuef&ef/ bmompum;*k%f&nfESifh jynfhpHk&efwdk@twGuf o'Ngoabmudkem;vnfa&;/
o'NgrSefuefa&;wdk@ ta&;ygvmygonf?
tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf o'Ng[kac:onfh pum;vHk;zGJ@xHk;/ yk'fzGJ@xHk;/ 0guszGJ@xHk;/
yk'fae&mtxm;todkrsm; rSefuefygrS/ ae&mwus&SdygrS/ teuft"dy`g,fwdus+yD; qdkvdk&if;udk
a&mufaoma=umifh jzpfonf?
tu,fI o'Ngpum;vHk; tokH;tE_ef;rsm; vGJrSm;aeygv#if teuft"dyg,f axGjym;
wwf+yD; vdk&if;ra&mufbJ &Sdwwfygonf? xdk@a=umifhyif o'NgtoHk;tE_ef;udk *±kpdkuf&jcif;
jzpfonf?
txl;ojzifh Tpmtkyfyg o'Ngydkif;wGif ,ae@ pm-e,f-Zif;ESifh a&'D,dktoHv$ifh
tpDtpOfrsm;Y rSm;avh&Sdaom/ rSm;wwfaom/ trSm;trSef roJuGJaom toHk;rSm;rsm;udk
avhvmpkaqmif;+yD; wifjyaqG;aEG;xm;ygonf?
tajympum;ajy/ ta&;pum;ajy
owif;orm;rsm;onf tajympum;ajyudkoHk;rnfavm/ ta&;pum;ajy oHk;rnf
avmqdkonfudk qHk;jzwfI aoaocsmcsma&;om;ajymqdk=u&ef vdkygonf? pum;ajyESpfrsKd;udk
a&maESma&;jcif;a=umifh t"dy`g,f±_yfaxG;aponf? txl;ojzifh toHv$ifhrD'D,mwGifqdkv#if
xdkodk@aomtrSm;u ydkrdkodomapygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- vufvSrf;rDoavmufom xkwfjyefEdkifao;jcif; jzpfygw,f?
azmfjyyg 0gusudk Todk@jyifEdkifonf?
- vufvSrf;rDoavmufyJ xkwfjyefEdkifygao;w,f?
- vufvSrf;rDoavmufom xkwfjyefEdkifao;wmjzpfygw,f?
tcef; (4)
o'Ng trSm;
CE-BM-Final.indd36 11/8/20076:59:39AM
3� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm (2) -
- qufvufI vkyfudkifoGm;rnfyJ jzpfygw,f?
trSefrSm
- qufvufI vkyfudkifoGm;rnfom jzpfonf?
- qufvuf+yD;awmh vkyfudkifoGm;rSmyJ jzpfygw,f?
[kom ajym&rnfjzpfonf?
udk - tm; toHk;rSm;
txl;ojzifh ,ckacwfwGif udk tpm; tm; udkcsnf; rSm;,Gif; oHk;pGJae=uonf
udkvnf; awG@&onf?
udk toHk;udk tjyKcH&ol (uH) . aemufquftjzpf oHk;&ygonf?
Oyrm-
- o&ufyifudk tbdk;pdkufcJhonf?
- omoema&;0ef}uD;tjzpf OD;jrifharmifudk cef@tyfonf?
- acG;udk ±dkufonf?
- avSudk avSmfonf?
vufcHoludk azmfjyv#if tm; udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm-
- wdkifuyfem&Dudk q&mr}uD;tm; ay;tyfvª'gef;onf?
- wd&p>meftm; au|;arG;jyKpkjcif;onf }uD;pGmaomukodkvfjzpf.?
- &wemoHk;yg;tm; &nfpl;vª'gef;yg?
rS - u toHk;
rD'D,mrsm;wGif rS ESifh u udkvnf; rSm;,Gif;oHk;aeonfudk }udrfzefrsm;pGm awG@&
ygonf?
rS toHk;udk ta&;Yom toHk;rsm;+yD; xGufcGm&mjyyk'ftjzpf oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- rEœav; rS &xm;jzifh vmcJhonf?
- pmoifcef; rS xGufcJhonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd37 11/8/20076:59:39AM
3� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- jrefrmjynf rS 1��� ckESpfuwnf;u xGufcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
u toHk;udk ta&;wGifa&m tajymwGifyg oHk;onf?
xGufcGm&mudk !¸ef;&mY oHk;onf?
Oyrm-
- b,fu vmovJ?
- òr@u vmygw,f?
- &efukefuae av,mOfeJ@ vmcJhwmyg?
jyKol/ ajymol/ jzpfol/ &Sdol udk &nf!¸ef;v#ifvnf; u udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- armifarmif u nDnDhudk ±dkufwmyg?
- ausmif;rwufcsifbl;[k eDeDu ajymonf?
- 0g0g u armfvòrifrSm &Sdaewmyg?
- jrefrmpmXme u q&mryg?
- obmywd}uD; u rdef@cGef;ajym=um;rSm jzpfygw,f?
u ae&mwGif rS ukd okH;rdonfhtwGuf wcgw&HwGif t"dy`g,f ajymif;jyef
apmufxdk; jzpfoGm;wwfygonf? atmufyg0gusESpfa=umif;udk =unfhyg?
- or0g,rtoif; u 0,f,lxm;aom vlokH;ukefrsm;udk xyfqifh jzef@jzL;
ay;rnf?
- or0g,rtoif; rS 0,f,lxm;aom vlokH;ukefrsm;udk xyfqifhjzef@jzL;
ay;rnf?
T0gusESpfa=umif;onf t"dyg,fcsif; qef@usifbuf jzpfonf? yxr0guswGif
or0g,rtoif;onf vlokH;ukefrsm;udk 0,f,lolvnf; jzpfonf? xyfqifhjzef@jzL;olvnf;
jzpfonf? or0g,rtoif;onf xdktvkyfESpfckpvkH; vkyfa=umif; u aemufqufu
azmfjyaeygonf?
'kwd,0guswGifrl or0g,rtoif;onf vlokH;ukefrsm;ukd a&mif;csol jzpfoGm;
ygonff? tjcm; yk*~dKvf tzGJ@tpnf;wckcku or0g,rtoif;rS vlokH;ukefrsm;udk 0,f,l+yD;
xyfqifhjzef@jzL;onf[k t"dy`g,f&oGm;ygonf?
rS onf ‘aps; rS 0,fvmonf’ [louJhodk@ xGufcGm&mudkjyaom aemufquf
CE-BM-Final.indd38 11/8/20076:59:39AM
3� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
jzpfonfhtwGuf ‘or0g,rtoif; rS 0,f,lxm;aom vlokH;ukef’ [k okH;vkdufaomtcg
vlokH;ukefonf or0g,rtoif;wGif r&SdawmhbJ ‘xGufcGm’oGm;+yD; tjcm;olwdk@vufxJ
a&mufoGm;&jcif; jzpfygonf?
xdk@a=umifh jyKvkyfoljzpfa=umif; azmfjyvdkv#if rS udk rokH;bJ u udk okH;rSom
rSefrSefuefuef em;vnfEkdifygvdrfhrnf?
jzifh - ESifh toHk;
rsm;aomtm;jzifh jzifh udk toHk;cHjy0dbwf tjzpf oHk;onf?
Oyrm-
- wkwf jzifh ±dkufonf?
- aoewf jzifh ypfonf?
- uGef'dkvDZm±dkufpfutar&duefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;taejzifh 0ifa&mufajym=um;
onf?
- jrpf}uD;em;odk@ av,mOfc&D;pOf jzifh oGm;rnf?
ESifh udk toHk;cHjy0dbwftjzpfvnf;aumif;/ 0guscsif;/ yk'fcsif; qufpyfonfh tquf
ypPnf; tjzpfvnf;aumif; oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- armifarmif ESifh nDnD ausmif;odk@ twlwl oGm;onf?
- jynfolvlxk. vdkvm;csuf ESifh oHCmawmfrsm;. vdkvm;csufrsm;rSm twlwlyif
jzpfonf?
- &efukefòr@ ESifh yJcl;òr@udk um; ESifh tvG,fwul ae@csif;jyef oGm;vmEdkif onf?
- tpdk;&tae ESifh tm%mpufudkoHk;I udkifwG,f&rnf jzpfa=umif;æ
(‘tpkd;&u tm%mpufoHk;I udkifwG,f&rnfjzpfa=umif;’ [koHk;v#if ydk&Sif;.?
‘taeESifh/ taejzifh’ onf cGeftm;aysmhapaom toHk;tE_ef;jzpf.?)
‘ESifh/ jzifh’ toHk;udk vGJrSm;pGm oHk;avh&Sdonfudkvnf; awG@&ygonf?
‘pGm’ jzifhqHk;aom yk'frsm;aemufwGif ‘ESifh/ jzifh’ udk xnfhokH;&efrvdkyg? odk@aomf
trsm;pku xnfhoHk;usifh &SdaeonfudkawG@&onf?
Oyrm -
av;pm;pGmjzifh ta=umif;=um;tyfygonf? (jzifh - rvdk)
CE-BM-Final.indd39 11/8/20076:59:39AM
40 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
usef;rmpGmESifh wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf &Sda=umif;? (ESifh - rvdk)
xdkwm0efudk rarhravsmh xrf;aqmifcJhrnfjzpfa=umif;jzifh ajym=um;oGm;cJhygonf?
(jzifh -ydk)
xdkuJhodk@yif ‘a=umif;’ ESifhqHk;aom yk'frsm;aemufwGifvnf; ESifh / jzifh toHk;xnfh&ef
rvdkyg?
Oyrm -
- jzpfay:aeaom jy\emrsm;udk +idrf;csrf;pGm pnf;urf;wus aqmif&Gufay;a&;yif
jzpfa=umif;ESifh ajym=um;cJhygonf? (ESifh - ydk)
- TtpDtpOfudk pufwifbm 1� &ufae@u pwifcJhjcif; jzpfa=umif;jzifh a=unm
cJhonf? (jzifh - ydk) (ae@-ydk)
(pufwifbm 1� &uf qkdv#if +yD;jynfhpHk+yDjzpf.? ae@udk we*FaEG-wevFm/ tzdwf/ Oykof
ponhf ae@wdk@twGuf oHk;jrJjzpf.?)
um - cg
um ESifh cg onf ta&;uGJaomfvnf; toHxGufqifojzifh a&;&mY a&maxG;
wwfonf?
wòyifeuf (odk@r[kwf) qufwdkuf jzpfysufa=umif;jyvdkaomf um udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- tdyf um pm; um aeonf?
- &,f um arm um ajymonf?
- rkef@pm; um pmzwfaeonf?
‘tcsdef’/ ‘tcg’/ ‘umv’ udkjyvdkaomf cg udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm -
- i,fpOftcg ynmr&Smv#if }uD; cg rS aemifw&vdrfhrnf?
- yef;rsm;udk qkyfum =uJ+yD;aom tcgv#if
- a&mufcgeD; / jzpfcgeD;
- ckcsdefcg
- touf}uD;cg rS cufr,f?
CE-BM-Final.indd40 11/8/20076:59:39AM
41 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
teuf - wGif toHk;
tpktaygif;xJrS wpdwfwydkif;udk cGJxkwfjyaom pum;vHk;tjzpf teuf / wGif
wdk@udk oHk;onf? odk@aomf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;udkrl wòyifwnf;oHk;p&m rvdkyg?
Oyrm -
- a,musfm;av;wdk@teufwGif armifarmifonf tvdrRmqHk; jzpfonf? (rSm;)
- ausmif;&Sd rdef;uav;wdk@ teuf w0ufcef@rSm tm;upm;t&mY xl;c|ef=uonf?
- jzLjzLum; jrifzl;or# rdef;uav;wdk@wGif tvSqHk;jzpfonf?
jzpfap - odk@r[kwf - aomfvnf;aumif; - vnf;aumif;
- armifarmif jzpfap / nDnD jzpfap q&mrqD vmcJhyg?
- eDeD odk@r[kwf oef;oef; q&mrESifh vmawG@yg?
- taz aomfvnf;aumif;/ tar aomfvnf;aumif; cGifhvmwdkif&rnf?
- twef;ydkifq&mru vnf;aumif;/ twef;wm0efcHu vnf;aumif; qufvuf
aqmif&Guf&rnf?
- olonfvnf; xdkenf;vnf;aumif;? (‘va*gif;’ [k toHxGufzwfaomfvnf;
t"dyg,ft& ‘twlwl’[k oufa&mufojzifh vnf;aumif; [kom a&;&rnf?)
onf - rSm
onf ESifh rSm udk jyKvkyfol (uwWm;aemufquf) tjzpf oHk;onf?
0guswckwnf;wGif onf ESifh rSm udk wòyifwnf; oHk;&ygu a&S›uwWm;aemufwGif
onf udk oHk;+yD;/ aemufuwWm;aemufwGif rSm udk oHk;onf?
Oyrm-
- ndKndKonf aeraumif;I tvkyfrqif;Edkifjcif;jzpf+yD; vSvSrSm udk,fa&;udk,fwm
ta&;}uD;udpP&Sdaoma=umifh tvkyfrqif;Edkifjcif; jzpfonf?
- ESif;qDyef;onf &eH@oif;+yD; py,fyef;rSm ar$;}udKifonf?
- om;t}uD;onf pmawmf+yD;/ om;ti,frSm vdrRma&;jcm;&Sdonf?
[laom - paom - ponf - ponfh
,ae@ vltrsm;tokH;wGifaeaom o'NgokH;trSm;wckrSm [laom tpm; paom
ukd rSm;okH;jcif;yif jzpfonf?
paom onf wcsKd@w0ufomazmfjyvdkaom tcsufrsm;. aemufwGif
CE-BM-Final.indd41 11/8/20076:59:39AM
42 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
okH;& aompum;quf jzpfygonf? ponf/ ponfjzifh/ ponfwdk@ rSmvnf; paom ESifh
oabmcsif;wlaom pum;qufrsm; jzpfygonf?
,ckazmfjycsufrsm;rSm tjynfhtpkHr[kwfao;yg? aemufxyf usefygao;onf
[laom t"dy`g,fjzifh okH;jcif;jzpfygonf?
Oyrm-
- vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOf/ a=u;rkH paom jrefrmowif;pmrsm;wGif qkay;yGJ
owif;udk awG@Edkifygonf?
T0gusudk=unfhv#if vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOfESifh a=u;rkH owif;pmESpfapmif.
trnfudkom azmfjy+yD; paom [k okH;vdkufojzifh jrefrmhtvif;/ Adkvfwaxmif [laom usefff
jrefrmowif;pmrsm;udkyg &nf!¸ef;vdka=umif; odEkdifygonf?
tjynfhtpkHazmfjyvdkv#if-
‘vkyfom;jynfol@ae@pOf/ a=u;rkH/ jrefrmhtvif;/ Adkvfwaxmif [laom jrefrm
owif;pmrsm;wGif qkay;yGJowif;udk awG@Ekdifygonf’ [k [laom udk xnfhokH;Ekdifygonf?
a&S›uazmfjyaom owif;pmtrnf tm;vkH; jynfhpkHa=umif;/ csefrxm;a=umif; [laom u
azmfjyaeygonf?
odk@aomf [laom ae&mY paom udk xnfh+yD; atmufyguJhodk@ rSm;okH;ae=u
onfudk r=umc%awG@&ygonf?
- vkyfom;jynfol@aepOf/ a=u;rkH/ jrefrmhtvif;/ Adkvfwaxmif paom jrefrmho
wif;pmrsm;wGif qkay;yGJowif;udk awG@Edkifygonf?
pOf;pm;=unfhyg? ,ae@xkwffa0aeaom jrefrmowif;pm av;apmifpvkH; tjynfh
tpkHvnf; azmfjy+yD;ygvsuf paom udk xnfhvdkufjyefaomtcg aemufxyf jrefrmowif;pm
&Sdaeao;onfht"dy`g,f oufa&mufoGm;avonf?
xdk@twl-
‘tokH;vkH; qdkonfrSm ta&;/ tzwf/ twGuf ponf wdk@udk qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf’
‘Tausmif;wGif rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ tqifhjrifhwef; ponfh twef;
tm;vkH;udk oif=um;ay;aeonf’ [laom 0guswdk@wGifvnf; ponf/ ponfh wdk@ tokH;rsm;
aeygonf? tcsuftvuf tjynfhtpkHazmfjyxm;ygvsuf ponf/ ponfh wdk@udk rvdkbJ
xnfhxm;aoma=umifh jzpfygonf?
‘tokH;vkH; qkdonfrSm ta&;/ tzwf/ twGuf wdk@udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf’
‘Tausmif;wGif rlvwef;/ tv,fwef;/ tqifhjrifhwef; [lonfh twef;
tm;vkH;udk oif=um;ay;aeonf’ [ka&;rS rSefygvdrfhrnf?
CE-BM-Final.indd42 11/8/20076:59:39AM
43 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
tcsuftvufrsm; tjynfhtpHk azmfjyrnfqkdv#if aemufu paom/ ponf/
ponfh wdk@ xnfhp&mrvkdyg? [laom/ [lonf/ [lonfh wdk@udk vkdtyfovdk xnfhokH;&efom
jzpfygonf?
yk'fxm;ajymif;jyef0gus
- ckd;r_usL;vGefaom armifpdef/ tz OD;rSJ@ukd tvkyfjzifh axmif'%f okH;vuscHap&ef
trdef@csrSwfvdkufonf?
T0gusudk tokH;vkH;aus+yD;cgp v,form;OD;}uD; wa,mufu zwfrdrnf
qdkv#if ’[ifæ om;u ckd;r_usL;vGefwm bmjzpfvdk@ tazuaxmifus&wmvJ’ [k wtHhw=o
ar;aumif;ar;vdrfhrnf? ar;vnf; ar;avmufp&myif? T0gusrsKd;a&;olrsm; &Sdaeygonf?
‘ckd;r_usL;vGefaom armifpdef (tz OD;rSJ@) udk tvkyfjzifh axmif'%fokH;v
uscHap&ef trdef@csrSwfvdkufonf’ [k tztrnfudk uGif;puGif;ydwfxJ xnfha&;v#if awmfyg
ao;onf? w&m;cHtrnfaemufwGif tztrnfxnfh&aom ±kH;xkH;pHt&a&;jcif;[k oabm
aygufEdkifp&m &Sdygonf?
xdkodk@ ra&;bJ-
‘OD;[email protected]; ckd;r_usL;vGefaom armifpdefudk tvkyfjzifh axmif'%fokH;v
uscHap&ef trdef@ csrSwfvdkufonf’ [k a&;v#ifrl ydkI&Sif;ygonf? ydkIvnf; jrefrm0gus
yDoygonf?
‘jrefrm0gus yDoonf’[k txl;jyKI qdk&jcif;rSm txufyg 0gusuJhodk@ jrefrm
0gusryDoaom jrefrm0gusrqefaom 0guszGJ@ykHrsKd;udk r=umc%awG@&wwfaoma=umifh
jzpfygonf? atmufygwdk@udk =unfhyg?
Oyrm (1) -
- OD;wifxGwf/ puf±kHrª;/ *kefeDpuf¶kH ESifh OD;vSa0/ vufaxmuf tif*sifeD,m/
csnfr#ifE Si f h txnfpuf wd k @onf puf¶k Hvkyfief;rsm;ud k ok H;v=umr# avhvm&ef
bDatpDav,mOfjzifh *syefEdkifiHodk@ xGufcGmoGm;=u.?
xdk0guswGif ’OD;wifxGwf/ puf¶kHrª;/ *kefeDpuf¶kH’[laom zGJ@xkH;rsKd;ukd pmtdwf ay:
wGif vdyfpmtjzpfa&;v#if trnfudk csufcsif;odatmifa&;jcif;jzpfI bmrSajymp&mr&Sdyg?
0gustjzpf xnfha&;v#ifrl jrefrmzGJ@xkH; r[kwfonfhtwGuf ajymp&m&Sdvm
ygonf? jrefrmzGJ@xkH;wGif *k%fxl;0daooudk azmfjyaom txl;jyKpum;rsm;u a&S›uae+yD;
txl;jyKcH& olu aemufuvdkuf&ygonf?
xdk@a=umifh ‘*kefeDpuf¶kH/ puf¶kHrª; OD;wifxGwf’ [k zGJ@rSom jrefrmzGJ@xkH;
CE-BM-Final.indd43 11/8/20076:59:40AM
44 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
yDoygvdrfhrnf? ,ckrl *syefodk@oGm;olrsm;rSm OD;wifxGwfESifh OD;vSa0wdk@r[kwfbJ ‘*kefeDpuf¶kHESifh
csnfr#ifESifhtxnfpuf¶kH’ wdk@jzpfonf[k t"dy`g,fxGufaeygonf? jzpfoifhonfrSm -
- *kefeDpuf¶kH/ puf¶kHrª; OD;wifxGwfESifh csnfr#ifESifhtxnfpuf±kH vufaxmuf
tif*sifeD,m OD;vSa0 wdk@onf puf¶kHvkyfief;rsm;udk okH;v=umr#avhvm&ef bDatpDav,mOfjzifh
*syefEdkifiHodk@ xGufcGmoGm;=u.?
Oyrm (2) -
- tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdtjzpf OD;jrarmif/ uxdu jrefrmpmXme/ &efukef
0dZ…mESifhodyHwuUodkvf u aqmif&Guf+yD; tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf OD;odef;[ef/ enf;jy/ jrefrmpmXme/
vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyfu aqmif&Gufonf?
xdk0guswGifvnf; obmywdESifh tcrf;tem;rª;wdk@rSm OD;jrarmifESifh OD;odef;[ef
wdk@ r[kwfbJ &efukef 0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf ESifh vkyfom;aumvdyfrsm;jzpfonf[k t"dy`g,f
aumuf&ygrnf? jzpf&rnfrSm -
- tcrf;tem;wGif obmywdtjzpf &efukef 0dZ…mESifhody`HwuUodkvf jrefrmpm
Xme uxdu OD;jrarmifu aqmif¶Guf+yD; tcrf;tem;rª;tjzpf vkyfom;rsm;aumvdyf jrefrmpm
Xme enf;jy OD;odef;[efu aqmif&Gufonfff?
Oyrm (3) -
- a':at;/ ukefonf/ trSwf 23/ =um;awm&vrf;/ A[ef;/ &efukefòr@onf rEœav;òr@
Y ¶kwfw&uf uG,fvGefoGm;ygI rEœav;òr@Yyif o+*õK[f+yD;pD;yga=umif;?
xdk0guswGifvnf; uG,fvGefolrSm &efukefòr@ozG,f jzpfaeayonf? pifppf
a&;oifhonfrSm - ‘&efukefòr@/ A[ef;=um;awm&vrf;/ tdrftrSwf 23 ae ukefonf a':
at; onf rEœav;òr@Y ¶kwfw&uf uG,fvGefoGm;ygI rEœav;òr@Yyif o+*õK[f+yD;pD;yga=umif;’
uJhodk@om jzpfonf?
Todk@jzifh txl;jyKpum;rsm;udk a&S›uxm;+yD; txl;jyKcH&oludk aemufu xm;rS
om yk'fxm;ajymif;jyefrjzpfbJ jrefrm0gus zGJ@xkH;ESifhnD!Gwfrnfjzpfa=umif; *¶kjyKoifhygonf?
tpDtpOfysuf 0gus
yg0ifaomtcsufrsm;udk a&S›aemuftpDtpOftwdkif; azmfjy&efvdktyfonfh
0gusrsKd;wGif tpDtpOfrSef&ef ta&;}uD;onf? tpDtpOfrwnfhygu t"dy`g,fyg wrsKd;wzkH
jzpfoGm;wwfygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- ppfawGòr@/ armfvòrif/ jrpf}uD;em;/ vGdKifaumfòr@wdk@onf rGefjynfe,f/ ucsif
CE-BM-Final.indd44 11/8/20076:59:40AM
4� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
jynfe,f/ u,m;jynfe,f/ &ckdifjynfe,fwdk@wGif toD;oD;&Sd=u.?
xdk0gus t& -
ppfawGòr@onf rGefjynfe,fY/ armfvòrifòr@onf ucsifjynfe,fY/ jrpf}uD;em;òr@
onf u,m;jynfe,fY/ vGdKifaumfòr@onf &ckdifjynfe,fY toD;oD; wnf&S donf[k
t"dy`g,fxGuf aeygonf?
0gusa&S›ydkif;&Sd tcsufrsm;ESifh aemufydkif;&Sd tcsufrsm;udk tpDtpOftwdkif; razmfjy
ojzifh t"dy`g,fysufoGm;a=umif; awG@Ekdifonf? a&;oifhonfrSm -
‘ppfawGòr@/ armfvòrifòr@/ jrpf}uD;em;òr@/ vG,faumfòr@wdk@onf &ckdifjynfe,f/
rGefjynfe,f/ ucsif jynfe,f/ u,m;jynfe,fwdk@Y toD;oD; &Sd=u.’ [lI jzpfonf?
Oyrm (2) -
- ausmif;q&mrsm;/ ukefonfrsm;/ v,form;rsm;onf pdkufysKd;jcif;/ pmoif=um;jcif;/
a&mif;0,fjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk toD;oD; vkyfudkif=u&jrJ jzpfonf?
xdk0guswGifvnf;
-ausmif;q&mu pdkufysKd;jcif;/ v,form;u a&mif;0,fjcif;/ ukefonfu
pmoif=um;jcif; tvkyfwdk@udk vkyf&onf[k t"dy`g,fxGufaeygonf? trSefrSm -
‘ausmif;q&mrsm;/ v,form;rsm;/ ukefonfrsm;onf pmoif=um;jcif;/
pdkufysdK;jcif;/ a&mif;0,fjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk toD;oD; vkyfudkif&jrJjzpfonf’ [k a&;rSom
&Sif;vif; rSefuefrnf jzpfygonf?
yk'fxm;rSm;0gus
0guswa=umif;wGifyg0ifaom yk'frsm; ol@ae&mESifhol rSefrSefuefuefr&Sdv#if
t"dy`g,fwrsKd; ajymif;oGm;onftxd jzpfEdkifygonf? xdktcgrsKd;wGif pma&;olqdkvdkonfu
wrsKd;/ t"dy`g,faygufonfuwjcm; jzpfoGm;wwfygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- uav;i,fonf vrf;ay:u tbkd;tdkudk =unfhae.?
- uav;i,fonf tbkd;tkdudk vrf;ay:u =unfhae.?
T0gusESpfa=umif;pvkH;wGif uav;i,fonf =unfhaeol/ tbdk;tdkonf
t=unfhcH&oljzpfygonf? odk@aomf vrf;ay:u [laom yk'fae&mudkvdkufI 0gusrsm; t"dyg,f
uGJjym;oGm;a=umif; awG@Ekdifygonf?
tbkd;tdkonf vrf;ay:rSm &Sdaea=umif; yxr0gus u azmfjyonf?
uav;i,fonf vrf;ay:rSm&Sdaea=umif; 'kwd,0gusu azmfjyonfff?
CE-BM-Final.indd45 11/8/20076:59:40AM
46 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
pma&;olonf yxr0gus. t"dy`g,frsKd;udk azmfjyvdkv#if jyxm;onfhtwdkif;
‘vrf;ay:u’ udk ‘tbdk;tdk’ ESifh uyfxm;&vdrfhrnf?
xdkodk@uyfrxm;bJ 'kwd,0gusuJhodk@a&;v#if qdkvdkaomt"dy`g,frxGufbJ
‘yk'fxm;rSm;0gus’ jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf?
Oyrm (2) -
- 1�4� ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&; qkH;¶_H;cJhaom jrefrmEdkifiHonf vGwfvyfa&;udk
jyefvnf&&SdcJhonf?
T0gusonfvnf; yk'fxm;rSm;0gusjzpfygonf? T0gustwdkif;qkdv#if
jrefrmEdkifiHonf 1�4� ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;qkH;¶_H;&ovkd jzpfaeygonfff?
pifppf ‘1�4�ckESpfwGif’ [laom yk'fonf ‘vGwfvyfa&; qkH;¶_H;cJh&aom’ESifh
rqdkif? ‘vGwfvyfa&;udk jyefvnf&&SdcJhonf’ESifhom qkdifonfff?
xdk@a=umifh-
‘vGwfvyfa&;qkH;¶_H;cJh&aom jrefrmEdkifiHonf 1�4� ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfa&;udk
jyefvnf&&SdcJhonf’ [k qdkif&myk'fcsif; uyfvkdufrS vdktyfaomt"dy`g,f &ygrnf?
Oyrm (3) -
- obmywd}uD;tm; trSmpum; ajym=um;ay;yg&ef yef=um;tyfygonf cifAsm;?
xdkyef=um;csufonfvnf; yk'fxm;rSm;0gus jzpfaeygonf? ‘obmywd}uD;tm;’
[laom yk'fonf ‘trSmpum;ajym’ ESifh rqdkif? yef=um;jcif;ESifhom qkdifonffff?
odk@aomf qdkif&myk'fESif h uyfrxm;onfhtwGuf tjcm;wpkHwa,mufu
obmywd }uD;tm; trSmpum;ajym&awmhrvdkvdk t"dy`g,faygufoGm;ygonf? trSefrSm -
‘trSmpum;ajym=um;ay;&ef obmywd}uD;udk yef=um;tyfygonf cifAsm;’ [k
a&;om;rnfqkdv#if tyef=um;cH&aom obmywd}uD;ESifh yef=um;[laom }ud,mwdk@uyfae
onfhtwGuf t"dy`g,faumufvGJp&m r&Sdawmhyg?
Oyrm (4) -
‘tvGef&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfaom EdkA,fqk&Sif vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;
pk=unfudk ta=umif;rJh csKyfaESmifxm; onfh ppftpdk;&tm; ta&;,loifh+yDjzpfonf’ [laom
yk'fxm;rSm;ykHrsdK;jzpfygonf? pifppf a&;&rnfrSm -
- EdkA,fqk&Sif vlxkacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfudk csKyfaESmifxm;onfh
tvGef&ufpuf=urf;=uKwfaom ppftpdk;&tm; ta&;,loifh+yD jzpfonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd46 11/8/20076:59:40AM
4� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm (5)
‘&xm;ay:uae ausmif;om;xkodk@ qdk+yD; pmusJcsoGm;w,fvdk@ od&ygw,f’
[laom 0guswGifvnf; ae&mjyyk'fu oufqdkif&m}ud,myk'fESifh uyfae&rnf jzpfonff?
‘ausmif;om;xkodk@ qdkwJh pmawGudk &xm;ay:uae usJcsoGm;w,fvdk@
od&ygw,f’ [k a&;rSom qdkvdk&if;u &Sif;vif;pGm ay:vGifayrnf?
odk@jzpfI yk'fxm;rSefatmif rnfonfhtcsufudk *¶kjyKoifhoenf;? *¶kjyKoifhaom
tcsufudk pum;wcGef;wnf;ESifh azmfjyEkdifygonf?
’qdkif&m/ qkdif&mcsif; twwfEdkifqkH; uyfxm;yg ’ [lI jzpfygonf?
rSefygonfff? 0gusxJwGif b,ftcsufESifh b,ftcsufqdkifoenf;? b,fyk'fESifh b,fyk'f
qkdifoenf;? xdkodk@*¶kjyK+yD; qkdif&mtcsufcsif; qdkif&myk'fcsif; twwfEdkifqkH; uyfxm;rnf
qdkv#if yk'fxm;rSm;0gusrsKd;jzpfp&m r&Sdawmhyg?
Tae&mwGif qkdif&m/ qdkif&myk'frsm;[k qdkEkdifaom yk'fav;pkHudk azmfjyvkd
ygonf?
(1) emr0daooe (emrfudk txl;jyKaom yk'f) ESifh emrf/
(2) }ud,m0daooe (}ud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'f) ESifh }ud,m/
(3) emrf (jyKvkyfol) ESifh }ud,m/
(4) emrf (jyKvkyfcH&ol) ESifh }ud,mwdk@jzpfonff?
qdkif&m/ qkdif&myk'fwdk@ eD;uyfr_udkvdkufI 0gusrsm; t"dyg,fuGJwwfykHudk atmufyg
twdkif; awG@Ekdifygonfff?
emrfudk txl;jyKaomyk'f ESifh emrf
- qif;&Jaom tbdk;tdk. om;i,fonf oem;zG,faumif;avpG? (qif;&JolrSm
tbdk;tdk jzpfonfff?)
- tbdk;tdk. qif;&Jaom om;i,fonf oem;zG,f aumif;avpG? (qif;&JolrSm
om;i,f jzpfonfff?)
}ud,mudk txl;jyKaom yk'f ESifh }ud,m
- q&monf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rqlnH=u&ef pmoifcef;xJwGif qkH;r.? (qkH;r
aom ae&monf pmoifcef;xJwGif jzpfonf)
- q&monf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmoifcef;xJwGif rqlnH=u&ef qkH;r.?
(pmoifcef;xJwGif rqlnH=u&ef/ qlnHvdkv#if pmoifcef;tjyifodk@ xGuf=u&ef [lI t"dyg,f &onf?)
CE-BM-Final.indd47 11/8/20076:59:40AM
4� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
uwWm; (jyKvkyfol) ESifh }ud,m
- qlylaeaom 'g,umudk q&mawmfonf pdwfqdk;aoma=umifh ac:,l}udrf;
armif;.? (q&mawmf pdwfqdk;aeonf?)
- pdwfqdk;aoma=umifh qlylaeaom'g,umudk q&mawmfu ac:,l}udrf;armif;.?
('g,um pdwfqdk;aeonf?)
uH (jyKvkyfcH&ol) ESifh }ud,m
- pmar;yGJusolrsm;onfhtwGuf pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;tm;
wdkif=um;.? (pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef q&m}uD;udk wdkifjcif;)
- pmar;yGJusolrsm;onfhtwGuf ausmif;tkyfq&m}uD;tm; pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef
wdkif=um;.? (wm0efff&Sdaom q&m}uD;tm; pkHprf;ppfaq;&ef txufodk@wdkifjcif;)
- tckta&;tcif;rSm &[ef;&Sifvl 200 cef@ ppftpkd;& vufcsufa=umifh touf
qHk;cJh&+yD; 6000 cef@ xdef;odrf;cHae&+yDvdk@ EdkifiHwumowif;Xmersm;u azmfjyygw,f? (jyKvkyf
cH&olESifh oufqdkifonfh }ud,m uyfrxm;jcif;a=umifh qdkvdk&if; r&Sif;vif; jzpfaeonf?)
- tckta&;tcif;rSm ppftpkd;&vufcsufa=umifh &[ef;&Sifvl 200 cef@ touf
qHk;cJh&+yD; 6000 cef@ xdef;odrf;cHae&+yDvdk@ EdkifiHwumowif;Xmersm;u azmfjyygw,f?
yk'fxm;rSefv#if vdkcsifonfh t"dy`g,fvnf; rSefrSefuefuef ay:xGufvmrnf
om jzpfygonf?
yk'fxm;¶_yf0gusrsm;
0guszGJ@&mwGif wcgw&H yk'ftxm;todk ae&mrusaomtcg yk'fxm;rSm;0gus
tqifhodk@ ra&mufonfhwdkif yk'fxm;¶_yf oGm;onfh tjzpfrsKd; a&mufoGm;wwfygonfff?
yk'fxm;¶_yfoGm;ojzifh [dkvdkt"dy`g,faumuf&rvdk onfvkdt"dy`g,faumuf&
rvkd jzpfoGm;wwfykHrsKd;udk qkdvdkjcif;jzpfygonf? om"u jyygrnf?
- &Srf;jynfe,f awmif}uD;òr@ESifh rdwDvmòr@wGif pkaygif;&SifjyKyGJrsm; usif;yonf?
T0gusonf yk'fxm;rrSm;aomfvnf; yk'fxm;¶_yfxm;aom0gus jzpfonf?
awmif}uD;. jynfe,fudkazmfjy+yD; rdwˆDvm.wdkif;ukd razmfjybJ ‘&Srf;jynfe,f awmif}uD;òr@
ESifh rdwˆDvmòr@wdk@’ [lI a&;vkdufonfhtwGuf awmif}uD;a&m rdwˆDvmyg &Srf;jynfe,fxJrSm
&Sdovdkvdk t"dy`g,f¶_yfoGm;&jcif; jzpfygonf?
rdwDvmonf &Srf;jynfe,frSmr&Sda=umif; trsm;todyifjzpfojzifh t"dyg,ftae
jzifh rSm;Edkifp&mta=umif;r&Sdyg? odk@aomf yk'ftxm;todk ae&mrusonfhtwGuf pmzwfol
CE-BM-Final.indd48 11/8/20076:59:40AM
4� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
. pdwfxJwGif ¶_yfoGm;Edkifygonf?
xdkodk@ra&;bJ-
‘&Srf;jynfe,f awmif}uD;òr@ESifh rEœav;wdkif; rdwˆDvmòr@wdk@wGif pkaygif;
&SifjyKyGJrsm; usif;yonf’ [k a&;v#if ¶_yfp&m ta=umif;r&Sdyg?
‘awmif}uD;òr@ESifh rdwˆDvmòr@ay:wGif pkaygif;¶SifjyKyGJrsm; usif;yonf’ [k
jynfe,f wdkif;trnfrsm; ESpfae&mvkH;rxnfhbJ a&;v#ifvnf; t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;onfyif
jzpfygonfffff?
0gusxJu tav;ay;ykHoabm
0gusxJwGif rdrdtav;ay;vkdaomtcsufudk pmzwfoluvnf; ta&;}uD;onf
[k tav;teuf oabmaygufvmatmif azmfjyEkdifjcif;onfvnf; 0guszGJ@ykH wdwdusus
&Sdjcif;a=umifhyif jzpfygonf?
ta=umif;tcsif;t&m twlwlyifjzpfaomfvnf; 0guszGJ@ykHudkvdkufI tav;ay;
ykH uGmjcm;r_rsKd; &Sdwwfygonf? om"ujyygrnf?
- rr Tpmtkyfudk 0,fvmonf?
- Tpmtkyfudk rr 0,fvmonffff?
T0gusESpfa=umif;onf ta=umif;t&mvnf; twlwljzpfygonf? yxr0gus
onf zGJ@±kd;zGJ@pOf 0gusykHpHrsKd; jzpfygonfff?
rr (uwWm;)/ Tpmtkyfudk (uHyk'f)/ 0,fvmonf (}ud,myk'f) [laomtpDtpOf
jzifh zGJ@xm;jcif;jzpfonf?
xdk@tjyif pmtkyf0,fvmolonf ‘rr’ jzpfonf[laom tcsufudk OD;OD;zsm;zsm;
azmfjyvkdaom oabmygygonf?
'kwd,0gusrSmrl 0,fvmaom pmtkyfukd tav;ay;azmfjyvdkonfh oabm&Sdygonf?
rr0,fvmaom pmtkyfrSm tjcm;pmtkyf r[kwfbJ Tpmtkyf jzpfa=umif;
t"du azmfjyvdkonfhtwGuf ‘Tpmtkyfudk’ [lI pum;pkudk a&S›qkH;uxm;I a&;zGJ@onf[k
qdkEdkifygonf?
tav;ay;vdkonfhtcsufudk t&ifqkH; owd&wwfonfh obm0t& t&ifqkH;
azmfjyonfh oabmjzpfygonf?
tav;ay;vdkonfhtcsufudk 0gus. aemufqkH;ykdif;wGif xm;wwf=uygonf?
jrefrm0gusrsm;onf }ud,mjzifhtqkH;owfavh&Sdonf? }ud,mudkazmfjyrS 0gus.qdkvdkcsuf
+yD;jynfhpkHonfff/ xif&Sm;onf?
CE-BM-Final.indd49 11/8/20076:59:40AM
�0 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
xdk@a=umifh }ud,monf 0gus.aemufqkH;tydkif;vnf; jzpfonf/ ta&;}uD;qkH;
tydkif;vnf; jzpfonf?
pmzwfolonf 0guswa=umif;qkH;atmifzwfv#if }ud,mudk aemufrS zwf&onf
jzpfI }ud,mjzifhazmfjyonfhtcsufonf pmzwfol.&ifxJ ylylaEG;aEG; xifusef&pfwwf onf?
xkdoabmt& tav;ay;vkdaomtcsufudk 0gus.aemufqkH;tydkif;wGif
}ud,mESifh azmfjyjcif;jzifh av;eufxif&Sm;vmEkdifygonf? om"ujyygrnf?
- v,fxGefaeaom Tv,form;}uD;onf usef;rmoefpGrf;.?
- usef;rmoefpGrf;aom Tv,form;}uD;onf v,fxGefae.?
T0gusESpfa=umif;onf t"dy`g,ftwlwljzpfaomfvnf; tav;ay;r_csif;
rwlyg? yxr0gusudk zwfvdkufv#if v,form;}uD;. usef;rmoefpGrf;r_udk owdjyKrdoGm;+yD;/
'kwd,0gusudk zwfvdkufv#if ol v,fxGefae. [laom pum;&yfu pmzwfol.pdwfxJwGif
ylylaEG;aEG; pGJxifusef&pfEdkifygonfff?
odkjzifh yxr0gusonf usef;rmoefpGrf;r_udk tav;ay;aom0gusjzpf+yD; 'kwd,
0gusurl v,fxGefonfudk tav;ay;aom 0gusjzpfygonf?
xdk@twl -
‘jrjronf ±kyfracsmaomfvnf; oabmaumif;onf’ [lI oabmaumif;jcif;
udk tav;ay; a&;om;Ekdifonfhenf;wl -
‘jrjronf oabmaumif;aomfvnf; ±kyfracsm’[lI ±kyfracsmjcif;udk
tav;ay; a&;Ekdifygonf?
Todk@jzifh pum;okH;&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ 0guszGJ@&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ pma&;ol
. qkdvdkcsufudk tav;taygh/ taysmhtrmyg rusefatmif azmfjyEkdifonfqdkv#if wdwdusus
&SdEkdifonf[k qdkEkdifygonf?
0gusxJu pum;azmif;yGr_
pum;okH;uspfvspfr_tydkif;wGif jycJhonfhenf;wl 0guszGJ@&mwGifvnf; auG@0dkuf
vSnfhywfum pum;a=um&SnfonfhtwGuf pum;azmif;yGr_ jzpfwwfygonf?
- trSefwu,f azmfjy&rnfqdkv#if v,fvkyfief;jzifh toufarG;aom v,form;
rsm;onfum; EkdifiHawmf. EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ponfh ta&;udpPrsm;wGif pD;yGm;a&;
zGH@+zdK;r_ukd taxmuftuljyKaeolrsm;jzpfonf[k rvGJraoG qdkEdkifayonf?
T0gusonf pum;azmif;yGr_ xif&Sm;atmif wrifzefwD;a&;jyaom0gusjzpfonf?
odk@aomf pum;azmazmoDoDokH;+yD; T0gusrsKd; a&;wwf=uonfudk awG@&wwfygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd50 11/8/20076:59:40AM
�1 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
T0guswGif t"dy`g,fwl ta=umif;rxl;vSaom pum;ydk rsm;aeygonf?
‘trSef wu,fazmfjy&rnfqkdv#if’ [k tb,fa=umifha&;&oenf;? aemufu
ajymonfh pum;onf trSefwu,fjzpfonfqdkv#if xdkpum;udkxnfh&ef vdktyfygoavm?
‘v,f,mvkyfief;jzifh toufarG;aom’ [laom emr0daooeudkvnf;
xnfhp&m rvdkyg? ‘v,form;’ qdkv#if vkHavmufyg+yD? ‘EdkifiHawmf. EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/
vlr_a&;/ ponfh ta&;udpPrsm;wGif’ [laom pum;pkrSmvnf; tydkjzpfaeygonf? ‘rvGJ
raoG rSwf,lEkdifayonf’ [laom pum;rSmvnf; rdrdajymonfhtcsuf rSefygonf[k xyfrH
oufaoxl onfhoabmuvGJI ta=umif;rxl;vSyg?
xdkpum;rsm;ukdz,f+yD; ‘v,form;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmf. pD;yGm;a&; zGH@+zdK;r_udk
taxmuftuljyKaeolrsm; jzpfonf’ [ka&;v#if ydkI uspfuspfvspfvspf&Sdygonf? yxr0gus
ESifhvnf; t"dy`g,fwlygonfff?
xdk@a=umifh 0guszGJ@&mwGif ta=umif;xl;r&SdbJ okH;±kd;okH;pOfjzpfI okH;&aom
pum;rsKd;/ auG@0dkufvSnfhywfaompum;rsKd;udk a&Smifrnfqdkv#if uspfvspfr_&Sdygrnf?
0gusxJu pum;xyfr_
t"dy`g,fwlnDeD;pyfaompum;rsm;udk wGJokH;jcif;jzifh pum;xyfouJhodk@
0gusxJwGifvnf; t"dy`g,fwl pum;ESpfvkH; rvdktyfbJxnfhokH;jcif;/ pum;wvkH;udk
rvdktyfbJ ESpfcgxyf okH;jcif;wdk@a=umifh pum;xyfwwfygonf? xkdtcg xdk0gusonf
ruspfvspfawmhyg?
- Trdef;rysKdonf r,Ofaus;aom/ ±kdif;ysaomtjyKtrl t}udrf}udrf tzefzef
jyKonfhtwGuf csD;usL;p&mrjzpfbJ uJh&J@p&mjzpfoGm;&awmhonf?
T0guswGif t"dy`g,fwlpum;rsm;udk rvdktyfbJ ESpfcgxnfhokH;xm;onfudk
awG@Edkifygonf? ‘r,Ofaus;aom’ ESifh ‘±kdif;ysaom’/ ‘t}udrf}udrf’ ESifh ‘tzefzef’/ ‘csD;usL;p&m
rjzpf’ ESifh ‘uJh&J@p&m’ wdk@onf t"dyg,fwl pum;rsm; jzpfygonf? xdkpum;rsm;udk wvkH;pDom
xnfhokH;v#ifvnf; xdkt"dy`g,fyif&ygonf? =unfhyg?
- Trdef;rysKdonf r,Ofaus;aom tjyKtrludk t}udrf}udrf jyKonfh twGuf
csD;usL;p&m rjzpfawmhay?
- Trdef;rysKdonf ±dkif;ysaom tjyKtrludk tzefzefjyKonfhtwGuf uJh&Jhp&mjzpf
oGm;&onf?
T0gus ESpfa=umif;pvkH; t"dyg,ftwlllwlyif jzpfygonf? }udKuf&mwa=umif;okH;
v#if vkHavmufyg+yD? xdk@twl -
CE-BM-Final.indd51 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�2 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
- ppfawmif;jrpfonf a&pD;oefonfjzpf&m xkdodk@a&pD;oefonfhtwGuf avS
oabFmrsm; oGm;vm&mY xdkodk@oGm;vmaom avSoabFmrsm;wGif tEœ&m,f &Sdayonf?
T0guswGif rvkdtyfbJ pum;rsm; ESpfcgxyfaea=umif; awG@Ekdifygonf? xyfae
aompum;rsm;udkz,fI-
‘ppfawmif;jrpfonf a&pD;oefonfhtwGuf oGm;vmaom avSoabFmrsm;wGif
tEœ&m,f&Sdayonf’ [k a&;v#ifvnf; xkdt"dy`g,frsKd;yif &ygonf? xdkuJhodk@yif -
- obm00ef;usif xdef;odrf;umuG,fapmif ha&Smufa&;twGuf ‚.
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk av;av;eufeuf vkyfaqmifcJhonf[k rnfonfh tcgur# rawG@=u&yg?
- ‚taejzifh obm00ef;usifxdef;odrf;umuG,f apmifha&Smufa&;twGuf
rnfonfhtcgur# av;av;eufeuf vkyfaqmifcJhjcif; r&Sdyg?
pum;xyfonfhta=umif;udk azmfjy&mY ‘rvkdtyfbJ’ [k pum;cHcJhygonf?
vdktyfI pum;xyfjcif;rsKd;rSmrl udpPr&Sdyg?
‘r,Ofaus;jcif;[laom ±kdif;ysjcif;aywnf;?‘ [laom 0guswGif ‘±dkif;ysjcif;‘ udk
‘r,Ofaus;jcif;‘[k t"dy`g,f zGifhEkdifayonf?
T0guswGif pum;wvkH;udk t"dy`g,fwlpum;wvkH;jzifh zGifhqdkjyjcif; jzpfonfh
twGuf t"dy`g,fwl/ pum;wl pum;ESpfvkH;rygI rjzpfyg? vkdtyfI pum;xyfjcif; jzpfygonf?
xkd@twl-
- Taq;udk eHeuf (�) em&D w}udrf/ rGef;vGJ (3) em&D w}udrf wdkufyg?
T0guswGif ‘w}udrf‘[laom pum;ESpfcg xyfjcif;rSm vkdtyfI xyfjcif; jzpfonf?
aq;wdkuf&rnfh t}udrfrsm;udk w}udrfpD azmfjy&eff vdktyfaoma=umifh jzpfygonfff?
Tr#qdkv#if 0gusxJwGif rvdktyfbJ pum;xyfr_onf 0gusudk azmif;yGap
a=umif; odomavmufyg+yD?
pum;ajy uspfuspfvspfvspf&Sd&ef pum;okH;uspfvspf&ef vdkygonfff? 0guszGJ@
uspfvspf&efvnf; vdkygonf? xdkodk@ uspfvspf&ef pum;zGmjcif;/ pum;xyfjcif;wdk@udk
a&Smif&ygrnf?
0gus&Snfv#if ±_yfwwfonf
owif;axmuftcsKd@u 0gusudk t&Snf}uD;a&;wwf+yD; tqHk;rowfwwfawmhbJ
&Sdwwf.? xdktcg 0dbwf[kac:aom aemufqufwGJ ypPnf;rsm;udk rEdkifojzifh +yD; udk oHk;v#if
wav#mufvHk; +yD; jzpfaewwfygonf? xdk@twl I/ um/ &m/ wkef;/ &if; æ ponfwdk@udk
tyfa=umif;xyf oHk;avh&Sdonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd52 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�3 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm (1) -
- vlenf;pkuom jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; a&v$rf;rdk;r_ qdk;&Gm;jyif;xefvmaom
obm0azmufjyefr_rsm;onf/ urBm}uD;ylaEG;vmr_. vuQ%mrsm; jzpfa=umif; od&Sdqufpyf
Edkif=uaomfvnf; obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m ta&;u pdk;&drfpdwf pdk;pOf;r#r&Sdaom jrefrm
ppftpdk;&twGuf Towif;tcsuftvufrsm; rodEdkif=uaom jrefrmjynfolvlxktwGuf
a0;ae&qJ jzpfonf?
txufyg 0gusonfvnf; &Snfvsm;+yD; yk'ftxm;todkvGJrSm;r_a=umifh t"dyg,f
r&Sif;vif;onfudkawG@&ygonf? ,if;udk atmufygtwdkif; &Sif;vif;atmifa&;om;Edkifygonf?
- jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; a&v$rf;rdk;r_ qdk;&Gm;jyif;xefvmaom obm0 azmufjyefr_
rsm;onf urBm}uD;ylaEG;vmr_. vuQ%mrsm;jzpfonfudk vlenf;pkavmufom qufpyf
od&SdEdkif=uygonf? obm0ywf0ef;usif qdkif&mta&;twGuf pdk;&drfpdwf pdk;pOf;r# r&Sdaom
jrefrmppftpdk;&a=umifh jrefrmjynfolrsm;tzdk@ vdktyfonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh
a0;ae&qJ jzpfygonf?
Oyrm (2) -
- ,refae@reuf � em&Dcef@wGif rauG;wdkif;/ wdkif;twGif;a&;rSL;/ c,u/ r,u
ESifh omoema&;Xme wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u um; 4-� (av;ig;) pD;cef@jzifh ,refae@u jzpf&yfESifh
ywfouf+yD; pmoifwdkufrsm;odk@ vdkufvHI awmif;yefav#mufxm;&m tv,fwdkufodk@
ta&mufwGif tv,fwdkuf oHCmrsm;u tm%mydkifrsm;udk zrf;qD; xdef;odrf;vdkuf+yD; ‚wdk@. um;
4 pD;udk AdkvfcsKyfvrf;ray:Y rD;±d_@vdkufonf[k yckuULòr@cHrsm;ESifh oHCmawmfwyg;u ajymonf?
txufyg 0guswGifvnf; &Snfvsm;aoma=umifh t"dyg,f ±_yfaxG;oGm;onfudk awG@&onf?
,if;udk yk'ftxm;todkjyifqif+yD; 0gus cGJI jyefvnf a&;om;ygu &Sif;vif;oGm;Edkifygonf?
- ,refae@u jzpfysufcJhaom oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh jy\emtwGuf
,ae@eHeuf � em&Dcef@wGif rauG;wdkif; twGif;a&;rSL;/ c,u/ r,uESifh omoema&;Xme
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u pmoifwdkufrsm;odk@ awmif;yefav#mufxm;&ef vma&muf=uonf? xdkodk@
vma&mufpOf tv,fwdkufodk@ta&mufwGif tv,fwdkufoHCmrsm;u tm%mydkifrsm; ESifh
‚wdk@pD;vmaom um; 4-� (av;ig;) pD;udk zrf;qD;xm;vdkuf+yD; um; 4 pD;udkrl AdkvfcsKyfvrf;ray:
wGif rD;±_d@ypfvdkuf=uonf[k yckuULòr@cHrsm;ESifh oHCmwyg;u today;onf?
Oyrm (3) -
- pmaypdppfa&;u xkwfjyefonfh rl0g'topfrsm;wGif ,cif&Sd+yD;om; pnf;urf;
csufrsm; yg0ifouJhodk@ pnf;urf;csuf topfrsm;vnf; yg0if+yD; ‚tcsufrsm;ESifh udkufnDrS
a=umfjimvufcH&efESifh rSm;,Gif;r_ wpHkw&m&Sdygu xnfhonfh r*~Zif;*sme,ftm; xkwfa0cGifh
CE-BM-Final.indd53 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�4 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
ydwfonftxd ta&;,l&rnf jzpfonf?
txufyg0gus&Snfonf txl;jyKyk'f a&S›aemufvGJ+yD; OD;wnfcsufrwlonfh yk'fpk
wdk@udk 0dbwf rsm;ESifh qufxm;ojzifh em;vnfr_ r&Sif;rvif;jzpfaponf? trSefrSm -
- pmaypdppfa&;u xkwfjyefonfh rl0g'topfrsm;wGif pnf;urf;csuftopfrsm;
ESifhtwl ,cif&Sd+yD;om;pnf;urf;csufrsm; jyefvnfyg0ifonfudk awG@&onf? xdk@jyif csrSwfxm;
onfh pnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhudkufnDrS a=umfjimvufcH&efjzpf+yD; wpHkw&m rSm;,Gif;onfh r*~Zif;
*sme,ftm; xkwfa0cGifhydwfonftxd ta&;,l&rnf jzpfonf?
xdkodk@ 0gus&Snfr_a=umifh t"dy`g,f a&maxG;aponfh Oyrmwck xyfjyygrnf?
Oyrm (4) -
- pmaypdppfa&;. pnf;urf;csufrsm;wGif aq;vdyfESifh trsKd;orD;pm;yGJxdk; ac:aom
a=umfjimrsm;udk azmfjycGifhrjyKa=umif; azmfjyxm;+yD; EdkifiHjcm;rS vmaom a=umfjimrsm;udk cdkifrmr_
&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;&efESifh a=umfjim o±kyfazmfyHkrsm;. teuft"dyg,fudk &Sif;jy&rnf[k yg&Sda=umif;
pHkprf;od&Sd&onf?
txufyg pma=umif;onf owif;tjzpfa&;&mY twefi,f&Snfvsm;onf[k
qdkEkdifygonf? trSef a&;&rnfrSm -
- pmaypdppfa&;. pnf;urf;csufrsm;wGif aq;vdyfa=umfjim ESifh trsKd;orD;pm;yGJxdk;
ac:aom a=umfjimrsm;udk azmfjycGifhrjyKa=umif; yg&Sdonf? xdk@jyif EdkifiHjcm;rSvmaom
a=umfjimrsm;udk cdkifrmr_&Sdr&Sd ppfaq;&efESifh a=umfjim o±kyfazmfyHkrsm;. teuft"dy`g,fudk
&Sif;jy&rnf[kvnf; yg&Sda=umif; pHkprf;od&Sd&onf?
Oyrm (5) -
- ’u|efawmfonf vrf;ay:u jzpf&yfwckudkjrif&I pma&;q&mrif;&Sif a&;om;cJhaom
vrf;ay:u 0wKwdkwyk'fudk owd&vmygonf’ [laom0gusu t"dyg,f±_yfaxG;aeaponfudk
awG@&onf?
T0gusudk yk'ftxm;todk ae&mrajymif;bJ-
’u|efawmfonf vrf;ay:u jzpf&yfwckudk jrif&ygonf? TwGif pma&;q&m
rif;&Sif a&;om;cJhaom vrf;ay:u 0wˆKwdkwyk'fudk owd&vmygonf’ [lI 0guswdkESpfck
cGJa&;v#ifvnf; t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;a=umif; awG@Ekdifygonf?
Oyrm (6) -
- �� rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk ppftpkd;&u zrf;qD;vdkufayrJh jynfol
rsm;&J@ +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjyyGJrsm; qufvuf ay:aygufvm+yD; aemufqHk;rSm oHCmawmfrsm;vnf;
yg0ifqENjyvm&mrSm ppftpkd;&u pufwifbmrSm t=urf;zufapmfum;+yD; ESdrfeif;wma=umifh
CE-BM-Final.indd54 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
oHCmawmfrsm;u tm%mydkifrsm;eJ@ rqufqHa&; ywWeduUKZ…e uHaqmif oydwfarSmufawmf
rl=uygw,f?
txufazmfjyyg rvdktyfbJ &Snfvsm;aeonfh 0gusuvnf; t"dyg,f r&Sif;rvif;
jzpfaeonfudk awG@&onf?
- ��rsKd;qufausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk ppftpkd;&u zrf;qD;vdkufayrJh
jynfolrsm;&J@ +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjyyGJrsm; qufvuf ay:aygufvmaecJhygw,f? aemufydkif;rSm
oHCmawmfrsm;vnf; yg0ifqENjyvm&mrSm ppftpkd;&u pufwifbmvrSmawmh qENjyr_udk
t=urf;zufapmfum;+yD; ESdrfeif;cJhygw,f? tJ'DtwGuf oHCmawmfrsm;u tm%mydkifrsm;eJ@
rqufqHa&; ywWeduUKZ…e uHaqmif oydwfarSmufawmfrl=uygw,f?
tcsKyfqdkv#if rdrdqdkvdkcsuf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; jzpfapvdkv#if twwfEkdifqkH; 0gus
wdkwkda&;&ef/ rvGJra&SmifomI 0gus&Snf&Snf a&;&onfhtcgrsKd;wGifvnf; yk'ftxm;todk
tquftpyfukd txl;*±kjyK&ef vdktyfygonfff?
0guszGJ@pnf;yHk rnD!Gwfjcif;
0gusrsm;udk zGJ@pnf;onfhtcg yk'ftxm;todk rSefuefa&;u ta&;}uD;ouJhodk@yif
zGJ@pnf;yHknD!Gwfjcif;onfvnf; ta&;}uD;onf? odk@rSom qdkvdkaomt"dy`g,fudk wdwdusus
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;azmfjyEdkifrnf?
zGJ@pnf;yHknD!Gwfjcif;qdkonfrSm 0gus. tp tv,f tqHk;wdk@ tcsif;csif; nD!Gwf
onfh oabmjzpfonf? a&S@aemuftzGifhtydwf nD!Gwfjcif;oabmvnf; yg0ifonf? zGJ@pnf;yHk
rnD!Gwfv#if teuf ±_yfaxG;oGm;wwfonf?
Oyrm (1) -
‘xef;wufvkyfief;aygrsm;aom txuftnma'o ajrvwfydkif;&Sd jynfol@
aq;&Hkrsm;rS usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;onf cg;±dk;usdK;jcif;ESifh aygif±dk;usdK;jcif; vlemrsm; uko
jyKpkjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk u|rf;usifpGm wwfajrmufxm;&ef vdktyfvSygonf’ [laom 0guswGif
cg;±dk;usdK;jcif;ESifh aygif±dk;usdK;jcif; vlemrsm;ukojyKpkjcif;[k ‘jcif;’udk rsKd;rwlbJ qufwdkuf
oHk;jcif;a=umifh t"dy`g,f r&Sif;vif;awmhbJ jzpfoGm;onfudk awG@Edkifonf? trSefrSm -
‘xef;wufvkyfief;aygrsm;aom txuftnma'o ajrvwfydkif;&Sd jynfol@aq;&Hk
rsm;rS usef;rma&;0efxrf;rsm;onf cg;±dk;usKd;aomvlemrsm;ESifh aygif±dk;usdK;aom vlemrsm;
ukojyKpkjcif; vkyfief;rsm;udk u|rf;usifpGm wwfajrmufxm;&ef vdktyfvSygonf’ [lI
jzpf&rnf?
CE-BM-Final.indd55 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�6 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
Oyrm (2) -
‘b0zlvHka&;/ tvªjyKEdkifa&;/ oef;ºuG,folaX; jzpfvdkv#if xDxdk;yg’ [laom
0gusrSmvnf; -
‘b0zlvHka&;/ tvª'ge jyKEdkifa&;/ oef;ºu,folaX; jzpfa&;twGuf xDxdk;yg’ [k
nD!GwfpGm a&;rSom t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;ayonf?
Oyrm (3) -
- ayghqr_/ a&ul;tawG@t=uHKr&Sdr_ ESifh t&ufaopm aomufpm;xm;jcif;wdk@
a=umifh a&epfaoqHk;=u&jcif;jzpfonf[k oufqdkif&mu owday;csuf xkwfjyefxm;onf?
xdk0guswGifvnf; r_ ESifh jcif; wdk@ [efcsufrnDaoma=umifh OD;wnf&m rwlouJhodk@
jzpfapygonf? trSefrSm -
‘ayghqr_/ a&ul;tawG@t=uHK r&Sdr_ ESifh t&ufaopm aomufpm;xm;r_wdk@
a=umifh a&epf aoqHk;=u&jcif;jzpfonf[k oufqdkif&mu owday;csuf xkwfjyefxm;onf’
[k nDnGwfpGm a&;&rnfjzpfonf?
r_ / r_ / jcif; (rSm;)
r_ / r_ / r_ (rSef)
jcif;/ jcif;/ jcif;(rSef)
0gustwGif; pum;vHk; vdkjcif; ydkjcif;
- jrefrmEdkifiHu vwfwavmjzpfysufaewJh tajctaeawGudk aemfa0;tpdk;&eJ@ tD;,l
uae wpHkw&m ta&;,l aqmif&Gufay;zdk@ twGuf jrefrmhta&;v_yf&Sm;olawGu 'Drdku&ufwpf
jrefrmhtoH±Hk;pkduf&m aemfa0EdkifiH atmfpvdkòr@rSm 'Duae@ qENjyawmif;qdkygw,f?
azmfjyyg 0gusrSm owif; oabmobm0t& pum;vHk;wcsdK@ vdkae ydkaeonfudk
awG@Edkifygonf?
vwfwavmjzpfysufaewJh tajctaeawGudk qdkwJh azmfjycsufu t"dyg,frjynfhpHkyg/
‘jidrf;csrf;pGm qENjyolawGudk ppftpdk;&u t=urf;zuf ESdrfeif;aewJh vwfwavm tajctae
awGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@’ uJhodk@ jynfhpHkatmif azmfjya&;om;oifhygonf?
xdk@tjyif ‘tD;,l’ tpm; ‘Oa&myor*~ (tD;,l)’ [k tjynfhtpHk azmfjy&ygrnf?
‘'Drdku&ufwpfjrefrmhtoH±Hk;pkduf&m’ [laom azmfjycsufuawmh t"duazmfjyvdkonfh
ta=umif;t&meSifh oufqdkifr_r&Sdwma=umifh (roufqdkif/ rvdktyfaoma=umifh) rvdktyfwJh/
ydkaewJh azmfjycsufomjzpfygonf? trSefrSm -
CE-BM-Final.indd56 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
‘jrefrmEdkifiHrSm +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjyolawGudk ppftpdk;&u t=urf;zuf ESdrfeif;aewJh vwfwavm
tajctaeawGeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ ta&;,l aqmif&Gufay;zdk@ aemfa0tpdk;&eJ@ Oa&myor*~
(tD;,l) wdk@udk aemfa0a&muf jrefrmhta&;v_yf&Sm;olawGu atmfpvdkòr@rSm 'Dae@ qENjy
awmif;qdkygw,f’ [k a&;Edkifygonf?
rvdktyfbJ ydkaeaom pum;vHk;rsm;a=umifh pm. qdkvdk&if;udk ±_yfaxG;ap+yD;
ta=umift&mudk azmif;yGapygonf?
Oyrm (1) -
‘aoqHk;olrsm;rSm oHCmawmfrsm;/ ausmif;om;vli,frsm;ESifh jynfolvlxkrsm;
jzpf+yD; tenf;qHk; vl 200 ausmfausmf aoqHk;onf[k cdkifvHkaom owif;&yfuGufrS owif;
&&Sdxm;ygonf’ [lonfh 0guswGifvnf; pum;vHk;tcsKd@ ydkaeonfudk xkwfy,fEdkifygonf?
‘oHCmawmfrsm;/ ausmif;om;rsm; tygt0if tenf;qHk; vlOD;a& 200 ausmf
aoqHk;onf[k owif;&&Sdxm;ygonf’ [k vdk&if;om ay:vGifatmif a&;oifhygonf?
Oyrm (2) -
‘c&D;onfwif ta0;ajy;um;*dwfESifh wGJvsuf ukefum;}uD;rsm; &yfem;pcef;yg wGJI
zGifhvSpfxm;aoma=umifh te,fe,ft&yf&yfrS vmonfh um;}uD;rsm; &yfem;&ef ae&mtwGuf
tqifajyonfh tjyifæ’ [laom 0guswGif ‘wGJI’ rSm tydkpum;vHk; jzpfygonf?
Oyrm (3) -
- tck qufvuf+yD; usef&Sdaeao;onfh owif;rsm;udk (a':EkEk)u a=unmvdrfhrSm
jzpfygw,f?
xdk0guswGif ao; ESifh vdrfh u tydkjzpfonf?
Oyrm (4) -
‘,if;wdk@udk pdkufysKd;a&;wGif toHk;jyKa&;/ arG;jrLa&;wGif toHk;jyKa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;
vkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;jyK&ef wifoGif;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf’ [ka&;om;&mwGifvnf; ‘toHk;jyKa&;’ [laom
pum;vHk;rsm; xyfumxyfum toHk;jyKxm;onfrSm tydkoHk;rsm;yifjzpfonf? trSefrSm -
‘,if;wdk@udk pdkufysKd;a&;/ arG;jrLa&; ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif toHk;jyK&ef
wifoGif;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf’ [k a&;Edkifonf?
Oyrm (5) -
- wm0efus &Jt&m&Sdu wpHkw&m ajzqdkzdk@ jiif;qdk oGm;cJhygw,f?
‘wpHkw&m’ [laomtoHk;onf t&Sdudk !¸efjyonfh pum;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh
ajz=um;jcif; tvsOf;r&Sdonfudk ajymvdkv#if ‘wpHkw&m’ udk xnfha&;&ef rvdkyg?
CE-BM-Final.indd57 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
xdk@jyif ‘jiif;qdk’ onfvnf; t"dyg,ft&qdkv#if acsy jiif;qef ajymqdkjcif; jzpfonf?
tu,fI rnfhonfhpum;r# ajymjcif;r&SdbJ jiif;y,fonfqdkv#if jiif;qefonf[k oHk;jcif;u ydkI
oifhav#mfrSefuefygonf?
xdk@a=umifh a&;oifhonf rSm -
- wm0efus &Jt&m&Sdu ajzqdkzdk@ jiif;qefcJhygw,f?
rjynfhpHkbJ vdkaeaom pum;vHk;rsm;a=umifh t"dy`g,f tm;aysmhaeonfh 0gusrsm;vnf;
&Sdonf?
Oyrm (1) -
- u|Ekfyfwdk@. aqmifyk'fonf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;/ xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifa&; r[kwf?
xdk0gusudk -
‘u|Ekfyfwdk@. aqmifyk'fonf yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufa&;omjzpf+yD;/ xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifa&;
r[kwf’ [k jynfhpHkatmif a&;&rnf?
Oyrm (2) -
‘tckv (�) &ufae@ &ufpG JeJ@ a=unmcsufwapmifxkwfjyef’ [laom
0guswGifvnf; wu,fwrf;yg&rnfjzpfonfh &ufpGJtwdtus rygonf udk awG@&onf?
‘pufwifbmv(5) &ufae@ &ufpGJeJ@ (pufwifbm (5) &ufpGJeJ@) a=unmcsuf
wapmif xkwfjyef’ [k jzpfoifhygonf?
Oyrm (3) -
- rJaqmuf qefvªyGJodk@ jrefrmvlrsKd; ESpfaomif;ausmf vma&muf=uonf?
- rJaqmuf qefvªyGJodk@ jrefrmvlrsKd; ESpfaomif;ausmfvma&muf+yD; qefESifh
pm;p&m rsm;udk ,l=uonf? (jrefrmEdkifiHom; ESpfaomif;ausmf [kqdku ydkrSefrnf?)
Oyrm (4) -
- ,if;tr_wGif teft,fvf'D rwW&mòr@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&; 'k-OuUÏ OD;ndK}uD;onf
=uHhzGH@¶Hk;a&S›wGif *k%foduQmusqif;ap&ef +cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdkr_ jypfr_qdkif&mOya' yk'fr (�06)
'kwd,ydkif;jzifh axmif'%f � ESpf/ usef&Sdolrsm;udk yk'fr (�06) 'kwd,ydkif; (114) OD;ndK}uD;
+cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdk&mwGif axmufcHr_jzifh axmif'%f � ESpfpD cscJhonf[k ‚u qdkonf?
txufyg0gusonf rvdktyfbJ &Snfvsm;aeonfhtjyif vdkaeaom pum;vHk;rsm;
a=umifh t"dyg,f±_yfaxG;aeonfudk awG@&onf? vdkaeaom pum;vHk;rsm;. ae&mudk atmuf
0guswGif =unfhyg?
- ,if;tr_wGif tift,fvf'D rwW&mòr@e,f pnf;¶Hk;a&; 'k-OuUÏ OD;ndK}uD;onf
CE-BM-Final.indd58 11/8/20076:59:41AM
�� owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
=uHhzGH@¶Hk;a&S›wGif *k%foduQmusqif;ap&ef +cdrf;ajcmufajymqdkr_ jypfr_qdkif&m Oya' yk'fr(�06)
'kwd,ydkif;jzifh axmif'%f � ESpf/ usef&Sdolrsm;udk yk'fr (�06) 'kwd,ydkif; (114) OD;ndK}uD;
+cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdk&mwGif axmufcHr_jzifh axmif'%f � ESpfpD cscJhonf[k ‚u qdkonf?
a&;oifhonfrSm
- ,if;tr_wGif (trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf) teft,fvf'D (.) rwW&mòr@e,f
pnf;¶Hk;a&; 'k-OuUÏ OD;ndK}uD;onf =uHhzGH@(jynfcdkif+zdK;) ¶Hk;a&S›wGif *k%foduQmusqif;ap&ef
+cdrf;ajcmufajymqdkr_(a=umifh) jypfr_qdkif&m Oya' yk'fr(�06) 'kwd,ydkif;jzifh axmif'%f �
ESpf (csrSwfcH&jcif;jzpfonf?) (xdk@jyif) usef&Sdolrsm;udk yk'fr (�06) 'kwd,ydkif; (114) (t&)
OD;ndK}uD;(u) +cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdk&mwGif axmufcH(cJh)r_jzifh axmif'%f � ESpfpD cscJhonf[k
‚u qdkonf?
Oyrm (5) -
- OD;oef;vGifudk oHvufoD;jzifh xdk;oGm;olu =uHhzGH@ (jynfcdkif+zdK;) ¶Hk;xJ ajy;0ifoGm;
onfudk OD;ndK}uD;u awG@&SdcJhaoma=umifh +cdrf;ajcmuf ajymqdkcJhjcif;jzpfa=umif; od&onf?
txufyg0guswGifvnf; pum;vHk; vdkaeaoma=umifh/ t"dy`g,f r&Sif;vif;
jzpfaeonf? trSef jzpfoifhonfrSm -
- ‘OD;oef;vGifudk oHvufoD;jzifhxdk;+yD; xGufajy;oGm;ol =uHhzGH@ (jynfcdkif+zdK;) ¶Hk;xJ
ajy;0ifoGm;onfudk OD;ndK}uD;u awG@&SdcJhaoma=umifh =uHhzGH@ (jynfcdkif+zdK;) ¶Hk;a&S›wGif(xdk±Hk;a&S›wGif)
atmf[pf +cdrf;ajcmufcJhjcif; jzpfa=umif; od&onf?
Oyrm (6) -
- ,if;odk@ oHvufoD;jzifh txdk;cHcJh&+yD; w&m;pGJcHxm;&ol OD;oef;vGif touf(�0)
ESpfudk atmufwdkbm 2 &ufae@nu aetdrfY &Jrsm;u vma&muf zrf;qD; oGm;cJhonf?
xdk0gusonfvnf; vdkaeaompum;vHk;wdk@a=umifh vdktyfoavmuf t"dy`g,f
ray:vGifbJ &Sdonf? jzpfoifhonfrSm-
- ,if;odk@ oHvufoD;jzifh txdk;cHcJh&onfhtjyif w&m;pGJjcif;yg cHxm;&ol
OD;oef;vGif touf(�0) ESpfudk atmufwdkbm 2 &ufae@ nu aetdrfY &Jrsm;u vma&muf
zrf;qD;oGm;cJhonf?
Oyrm (7) -
- pufwifbmvukefydkif;rSm +idrf;csrf;pGm qENjywJh oHCmawmfrsm;eJ@ ausmif;om;rsm;
tygt0if jynfolrsm;udk ypfcwf ±kdufESuf n‡Of;yrf; +zdKcGJwma=umifh &mcsDaoqHk;+yD; axmifcsD
zrf;qD;cHae&+yD jzpfygw,f?
txufyg 0guswGifvnf; ‘&mcsD / axmifcsDD’ [laom toHk;rSm t&yfoHk;pum;
CE-BM-Final.indd59 11/8/20076:59:41AM
60 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
qefae+yD; ‘vlOD;a& &mESifhcsDI aoqHk;+yD;/ axmifESifh csDI zrf;qD;cH ae&+yD’ [louJhodk@om ydkrdk
&Sif;vif;atmif a&;oifhygonf? xdk@jyif ‘ypfcwf ±kdufESuf n‡Of;yrf; +zdKcGJwma=umifh’ [laom
yk'fpkudkvnf; ‘t=urf;zufjzdKcGJwma=umifh’ [k uspfuspfvspfvspf azmfjyEdkifygonf?
yk'f txm;todk ae&mvGJjcif;
Oyrm (1) -
-tppfaq; cH=uae&ygw,f?
txufyg 0gusrSm ‘cHae’onf }ud,mt& jzpfpOfjytoHk;jzpf+yD; cG JxkwfI r&aom
}ud,mtwGJjzpfonf? ‘=u’rSm trsm;jy toHk;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh }ud,maemufrSmom
vdkuf&onf?
tppfaq; cHae=u&ygw,f? (trSef)
vkyfae&=uwm jzpfygw,f?
vkyfae=u&wm jzpfygw,f? (trSef)
Oyrm (2)
- aemufxyf t=urf;zufESdrfeif;r_ jzpfryGm;atmifæ
‘jzpfyGm;’onf vHk;wGJ}ud,m jzpfonf? xdk vHk;wGJ}ud,m=um;wGif tjiif;pum;vHk;
‘r’udk xnfhoGif;I r&yg/ xdk@a=umifh
‘aemufxyf t=urf;zufESdrfeif;r_ rjzpfyGm;atmifæ’ [kom a&;rSrSefonf?
xdkuJhodk@yif -
jzpfay: - jzpfray: (rSm;) - rjzpfay: (rSef)
=udK;pm; - óu;rpm; (rSm;) - róu;pm; (rSef)
cGJjcm; - cGJrjcm; (rSm;) - rcGJjcm; (rSef)
yifyef;- yifryef; (rSm;) - ryifyef; (rSef) - [k oHk;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf?
Oyrm (3)
- roif=um;ay;Edkifwmudk a0zefajymqdkoGm;ygw,f?
azmfjyyg0gusY tjiif;pum;vHk; ‘r’udk ae&mvGJxnfhxm;jcif; jzpfonf? trSefrSm
‘oif=um;’u oD;jcm;}ud,mwwGJ jzpf+yD; ‘ay;’rSm a&S›}ud,mudk ydkrdk av;eufatmif axmufyHh
ay;aom }ud,maxmufjzpfonf?
‘r’ rSm }ud,maxmuf ‘ay;’ udk jiif;qefxm;aom tjiif;pum;vHk;jzpfI xdk
‘r’onf ‘ay;’ESifhom ydkI oufqdkifonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd60 11/8/20076:59:42AM
61 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
xdk@a=umifh ‘r’udk ‘ay;’ ESifhom uyfvsufoHk;v#if ydkI oifhawmfygonf?
- oif=um;ray;EdkifwmrsdK;udk a0zefajymqdkoGm;ygw,f?
xdkuJhodk@yif -
- rxdef;odrf;ay;Edkif - xdef;odrf;ray;Edkif (rSef)
- ryHhydk;ay;Edkifyg - yhHydk; ray;Edkifyg (rSef)
- rpHkprf;ay;Edkifygbl; - pHkprf;ray;Edkifygbl; (rSeff)
- yvyfpwpfypPnf;rsm;udk rD;ESifheD;aomae&mwGif ruyfxm;&?
- yvyfpwpfypPnf;rsm;udk rD;ESifheD;aomae&mwGif uyfrxm;&? (rSef)
T o'Ngydkif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;rSm owif;rD'D,mydkif;ESifh oifhawmfoa&G@/
vdktyfoa&G@udkom a&G;cs,f xkwfEkwf wifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf? xdk@a=umifh jrefrmo'Ngusrf;
uJhodk@ tjynfhtpHk wifjyxm;jcif;r[kwfyg? owif;rD'D,mtwGuf toHk;wnfhap&efr#udkom
&nf&G,fygonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd61 11/8/20076:59:42AM
62 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
usrf;udk;pm&if;
(1) jrefrmtbd"mef (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)
(2) ygVdouf jrefrm a0g[m& tbd"mef
(3) jrefrmo'Ng (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)
(4) jrefrmpmvHk;aygif; owfyHkusrf; (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)
(�) jrefrmpum; jrefrmpm±kyfyHkv$m (armifcifrif- "EkjzL)
(6) jrefrmpm jrefrmpum; (jrefrmpmtzGJ@)
(�) pme,fZif;ordkif; pmwef;rsm; -yxrwGJ (pmayAdrmef)
(�) owif;vdkufjcif; ESifh owif;a&;om;jcif; tajccHvufpGJ
TheIndochinaMediaMemorialFoundation)
(�) toHv$ifhXmersm;
(10) tifwmeufpmrsufESmrsm;
(11) jynfwGif;jynfyxkwf jrefrm yHkESdyfpmtkyfpmwef;rsm;
CE-BM-Final.indd62 11/8/20076:59:42AM
63 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
yxrt}udrf yHkESdyfjcif;
200� ckESpf/ Edk0ifbmv
jrefrmowif;or*~ Burma Media Association u xkwfa0onf?
National Endowment for Democracy tzGJ@u ukefuspm;&dwfuscHonf?
CE-BM-Final.indd63 11/8/20076:59:42AM
64 owif;orm; owdxm;p&m jrefrmpmESifh pum;oHrsm;
CE-BM-Final.indd64 11/8/20076:59:42AM