OVERALL SUMMARY DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS, LOCAL GOVERNANCE LOCAL AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT Jean...

OVERALL SUMMARY

DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS, LOCAL GOVERNANCE LOCAL AND TERRITORIAL

DEVELOPMENT

Jean BossuytWorkshop 13-17 April 2015, Brussels

WHY THIS INTEREST ?

The rediscovery of the local level

Decentralisation –however imperfect- is a reality

Local Authorities have emerged –as political entities representing local constituencies

How to empower Local Authorities ?

How to make decentralisation “local development friendly”?

How to integrate local dimension/local authorities in EU cooperation?

NGOPVOCBO

Power transfers

Administrative Local

AuthorityCustomary Authority

Individual or Corporation

GOVERNMENT

Public-Private Spectrum

DonorsBig NGOs

Central Government Ministries•Health•Environment•Education

PrivatePublic

PRIVATIZATION

Non market Privatisation

Hybrids?

DECONCENTR

ATIO

N

Local Population

Accountability

Decentralization

ELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

DEMOCRATIC D

ECENTRALIZATION

LAs: A key actor in the local arena that is not like the others…

“COPRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE”

WHAT DID WE CO-PRODUCE?

FIRST

A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CHANGING ARENA OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT AND DECENTRALISATION

(1) IT IS ALL ABOUT POLITICS

Decentralization : Two Agendas

Many decentralization reforms don’t promote Local/Territorial Development because they were neither initiated nor designed to do that

Decentralization and Local/Territorial Development

(2) THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN DECENTRALISATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Empowerment of people through the empowerment of their local government

3) EMPOWERING LOCAL AUTHORITIES

LAs have a dual mandate –including a “general mandate” as political representative of citizens

AUTONOMY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

Classic doctrine: ‘resources follow functions’!!

The road to change is to directly inject resources into the budget of local authorities in order to allow them to learn by doing and gradually develop their capacity

Proposed approach: capacities will be the result of the action and not a precondition for receiving funds

Civil Society (Community

Groups, citizens…)

Local Authorities

Experimentation with new forms of interactions between LAs and Civil Society and strategic alliances with local community and private sector organizations

LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

……..that engage in the local political process and demand transparent and accountable management of local public

resources

……..that engage in the local political process and demand transparent and accountable management of local public

resources

……..with RESSOURCES, POWERS, and

AUTONOMY to respond to citizens demands

……..with RESSOURCES, POWERS, and

AUTONOMY to respond to citizens demands

LOCAL

DEMOCRACY

The EC Communication "Empowering LAs for better governance and development outcomes"

MISSING LINK DECENTRALISATION - DEMOCRATISATION

INSERT TWO SLIDES FROM JESSE

Policy Model of REPRESENTATION

Preferences

Signals

Mandates

Policies Outcomes

Responsiveness(by Authorities)

Accountability(by Population)

Sanctions

= Responsiveness &/or Accountability

Actors + Powers + Accountability = Substantive Democracy

Actors, Powers, Accountabilities

Actors/Authorities – who do you ‘choose’ to partner with?

Powers – which powers do you need in the local arena–For Responsiveness–For Citizenship–Subsidiarity?

Accountabilities – which accountability mechanisms matter?

Retailers

Urban wholesalers

Merchants/Patrons

Migrant Woodcutters

Forest Villages

FONT-SCALED PROFIT DISTRIBUTION in MARKET

2500

100

160

11,000

MANY

7%

22%

54%

16%

3%

Central GovernmentMinistries:

-Health -Environment -Education….

Elected Local

Government

AdministrativeLocal Authority

Customary Authority

NGOPVOCBO

DonorsBig NGOs

Individual orCorporation

Democratic

Decentra

lizatio

n

Decon

cent

ratio

n

PrivatizationNon-market Privatization

Participation?

Local Populations

??

Power Transfer

AccountabilityContracts,

Delegations Transfers,

Accountabilities Define Institutions

20

Missing link with the TERRITORIES

4) TERRITORIAL PERSPECTIVE

Allocative efficiency AND mobilising additional resources (“instrumental” view on decentralisation)

LOCAL = Not where but who and how

Territorial perspective (endogenous, incremental + multiscalar and spatially planned

What is needed in territorial What is needed in territorial development?development?

InstitutionsStrategy

What do we often have?What do we often have?

1 2

3

5) NEED TO BUILD VISION - STRATEGY AND AN EFFECTIVE INTERGOVERNMENTAL “SYSTEM”

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IS NOT A ‘FREE ELECTRON”

Health

Tele-communications

CooperationEnvironment

Infrastructure

Education

FEDERATE?LGs

LINE MINISTRIES

LG

NGOPVOCBO

Power transfers

Administrative Local

AuthorityCustomary Authority

Individual or Corporation

GOVERNMENT

Public-Private Spectrum

DonorsBig NGOs

Central Government Ministries•Health•Environment•Education

PrivatePublic

PRIVATIZATION

Non market Privatisation

Hybrids?

DECONCENTR

ATIO

N

Local Population

Accountability

Decentralization

ELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

DEMOCRATIC D

ECENTRALIZATION

LAs: A new actor in the local arena that is not like the others!!

SECOND THING WE CO-PRODUCED

STOCKTAKING OF WHAT WE ALREADY DO…

A LOT OF GOOD STUFF IS HAPPENING.

A LOT OF GOOD STUFF IS HAPPENING

DELIVERING DEVELOPMENT AT LOCAL LEVEL WHILE BUILDING SYSTEMS

SEARCH FOR ADEQUATE ROLES FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES

INROADS INTO ‘TERRITORIAL APPROACH” TO LOCAL (ECONOMIC) DEVELOPMENT

INVESTMENTS IN CONTEXT ANALYSIS / PEA / TERRITORIAL ANALYSIS

CREATIVE USE INSTRUMENTS

CHANGING ROLES (= ARTISTS)

BUT THERE ARE ALSO MAJOR CHALLENGES

1) KNOWLEDGE

1) QUALITY TIME TO ENGAGE IN PROCESS

1) OUR INSTRUMENTS HAVE LIMITATIONS TO SUPPORT LONG-TERM INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE PROCESSES

2) HOW DO I EXPLAIN THIS TO MY BOSSES?

3) POLITICAL SUPPORT

THE THIRD THING WE CO-PRODUCED : POINTERS FOR THE FUTURE

TO PROMOTE LD/TD (ADDITIONAL)

TO EMPOWER LA AS LYNCHPIN

TO ENSURE DEC REFORMS ARE FRIENDLY

MESSAGE 1

NOW YOU HAVE A CHOICE AT LOCAL LEVEL TO ENGAGE WITH INSTITUTIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE LOCAL PUBLIC POLICIES AND PROVIDE DOWNWARD ACCOUNTABILITY

IGNORING LOCAL AUTHORITIES CAN BE DAMAGING

Yet even in hostile environments there are opportunities to support local dynamics

MESSAGE 2

FIRST THINGS FIRST ……

DETERMINE WHAT YOU WANT TO ACHIEVE !

Poverty Reduction

Local/Territorial Development

Policy Outputs

§ Decentralization, and Territorial Development Policies

§ Reform Implementation Strategies &, Programs

§ Constitutional, Legal and Regulatory Frameworks

Sector Outputs

§ Public Services delivery § Environmental

Protection and Management

§ Economic development & employment promotion

Institutional Outputs

§ Democratic deliberation and Policy-Making Capacity

§ Administrative capacity§ Multi-level cooperative

government § Inclusive Governance and

Active citizenship

Financial and Non-financial Inputs

TALD-supporting Program Framework : where to focus ?

MESSAGE 3

SELECT RELEVANT “ENTRY POINTS” FOR ACTION - USING VARIOUS ANALYTICAL TOOLS

BUT KEEP THE OVERALL PICTURE INTO YOUR MIND FROM THE OUTSET

USE CONCEPTUAL “FRAMES” AS “NAVIGATION TOOL”

Communities

CSOBusiness

People

Funding

Local government

State resources

Non-state resources Adapted from the Institute for Government. “The Big Society: A framework for policymakers”. April 2011. UK

TALD: Leverage and mobilisation of local resources – an incremental effect

People outside the public sector •Citizens helping themselves •Volunteers •People working in charities, private organisations

New sources of funding •Private philanthropy •Corporate social responsibility•Community contributions

New assets •Making use of non-public assets (e.g., church halls, local materials, communal property) •Handing public assets over to communities, charities, private groups

Local governments also have the power to:•Regulate, review, amend, negate or enforce•Raise taxes

Assets

MESSAGE 4

CHANGING ROLES

THINK AND ACT POLITICALLY

EXPLOIT WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITIES

CREATIVE USE INSTRUMENTS

BE A BROKER AND AN “ARTIST”

Formulation : Accepting that log-frames are not cast in stone!!!

① Less emphasis on the “perfect design” from the beginning and more on learning from implementation;

① Avoid too many details at formulation stage (it can create a Procrustean bed!);

MESSAGE 5

BUILD ALLIANCES TO PUSH FORWARD :

LOCAL/TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT APPROACH

A DEVELOPMENTAL FRIENDLY DECENTRALISATION PROCESS

INTEGRATING LOCAL LEVEL DYNAMICS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN ALL RELEVANT AREAS OF COOPERATION PROCESSES

MAKE EFFECTIVE USE OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS

OVERALL SUMMARY DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS, LOCAL GOVERNANCE LOCAL AND TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT Jean...

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