Over the Top - smpte.org 203...What is over the top streaming? Delivery of video and audio media...

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Over the Top State of Affairs

May 22nd, 2014


The Connected Multiscreen World

Protocol

Diversity

Applications

Diversity Live

Multiscreen

VOD Catch-up TV

OTT VOD

Popular Devices


What is over the top streaming?

Delivery of video and audio media streams to different types of

devices via the Internet

No need for a dedicated network or infrastructure

OTT is transported through regular Internet data protocols

– HTTP, the traditional protocol used for web pages

– HTTP is based on TCP, easily managed through firewalls

Uses the open Internet over unmanaged networks


Traditional IP delivery

Bitrate

(kbps)

400

800

1200

Time

• Multicast/Unicast connection – Media is a continuous stream downloaded at a single bit rate

& resolution

• Bandwidth in the network must be available to guarantee QoS


Multiscreen delivery using Adaptive Streaming

Bitrate

(kbps)

400

800

1200

Time

• Unicast connection - Media is split up into series of file chunks which are downloaded via plain

HTTP

• If several bitrate are available client can choose between chunks of different sizes


OTT technology solutions

Apple®, HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)– Apple introduced HTTP Live Streaming in June 2009 with their iPhone OS 3.0

Microsoft®, with Silverlight Smooth Streaming (HSS)– Smooth Streaming is the streaming protocol provided as an extension of Silverlight

3.0, and its specifications were published by Microsoft in September 2009.

Adobe, with HTTP Dynamic Streaming (HDS)– First included in Flash player release 10.1, in June 2010. This version filled the gap

for video streaming capabilities, enabling adaptive bitrate mechanisms, live streaming and the use of Adobe’s own content protection and DRM system (Flash Access).

MPEG-Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH)– MPEG issued a Call for Proposal for an HTTP streaming standard in April 2009. In

the two years that followed, MPEG developed the specification with participation from many experts and with collaboration from other standard groups. In April 2012, ISO, the international standards body finally ratified the version of its next generation adaptive streaming standard: MPEG-DASH.


Adaptive Bit-Rate Architecture

Live or

File

Encoding Frag. Encr.

Origin “Web

Server”

HTTP1-10 sec files

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

Client

Buffer4 123

Frag. Encr.

Client

Client

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

Frag. Encr.

3 2 14

Multi

Bit-rates

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

2

1

1

1

6

6

6

5

5

5

4 36 2 15

Quality,

Resolution,

Frame rate

Channels x Bit-rate Profiles x Protocols or DRMs


HTTP delivery options: Brief Comparison

HLS– Texted based m3u8 playlist file (i.e. index.m3u8)– Steam Profile information and metadata in playlist file– Chunks are MPEG-2 TS with integrated or separate audio, video, data– URLs reference chunks by name

Smooth Streaming– XML based manifest file loaded once with stream profile information (.ism/.isml)– Chunks carry information for fetching subsequent chunks– Chunks are fMP4 with separate audio, video, data

HDS– XML based F4M manifest file loaded once with stream information– Binary bootstrap file with subsequent chunk info is repeatedly downloaded– Chunks are fMP4 with integrated audio, video, data

DASH– XML based manifest MPD file “Media Presentation Description”– Resources “chunks” are located by URLs – Chunks are ISO BMFF container, others supported– Supports multiplexed and non-multiplexed media content


Basics of “chunking” and packaging

While different, they utilize common

video and audio compression

formats; namely: (AVC) and (AAC).

– MPEG-2 Transport Stream

container - HLS

– Fragmented MP4 container –

HSS & HDS

– DASH supports both containers


720x480

Low Frame Rate

30FPS

HD

SD

LRV

Medium Frame Rate Broadcast Frame Rate

320x240

240x160

1920x1080

1280x720

60FPS1/2/3/5/12.5FPS

Phones

Tablets

Connected TVGaming Consoles

Broadcast TV

Bit-Rates and Profiles


Multiscreen Trends & Directions

Evolution of Multiscreen Architecture

Video Quality

Expectations

Time-Shift TV

(Cloud DVR)

Multiscreen Monetization


Multiscreen Architecture


Apple – News

At the end of 2013, OVER 700 million iOS devices sold!

Apple Technical Note TN2224

– Apple now recommends using different audio bitrates for the

different quality streams, starting at 64Kbps and scaling up to

128Kbps.

– Updated recommended segment size

– Dropped a 960x540 profile and adjusted some of the

recommended bit rates

https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/technotes/tn2224/_index.html

https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/technotes/tn2224/_index.html


What’s happening with DASH

MPEG-DASH Industry Forum News:– HEVC/265 standard completed

• DASH-HEVC/265 Guidelines for Implementation released

– DASH mime type registered with IANA

– MPEG-DASH Industry Forum Releases final DASH-AVC/264 Implementation Guidelines

• support for 1080p video and multichannel audio

DASH in Flash, MPEG-DASH video on any device supporting Adobe Flash

The Apple world remains focused on HLS –primary reason for

slowing DASH adoption.

The lack of native DASH support on mobile devices has also

hindered deployments.


VOD OTT Distributors

Most active DASH implementers:

Netflix started using DASH while it was not a finalized standard

and is still a variant

Hulu began deploying DASH early for Chromecast devices and

now uses it for all new deployments

YouTube is using a mix of ISO BMFF, H.264 and WebM VP9-

based DASH profiles


Multiscreen challenges

Challenges Remedies

BW cost for OTT • Improve Video encoding efficiency

Explosion of formats • Transcode once

• Package on the Fly (POTF)

Time shift service • Build efficient infrastructure

Ad Insertion & Blackout • SCTE 35


Start-Over Service – Origin application

ABR Packaging

& HTTP Origin

Storage

Live Transcoding Client

CMSDRM

Previous Program 1Previous Program 2

Channel time-shift buffer

Live

Start-Over

T1 T0T2T3

Live

Current Program Playlists similar to Live

Users can skip forward

and “join” Live

CDN

The ability to skip to the beginning of a currently airing program

Caching of recorded material from Live ingest


Long Lasting catch up – Origin application

ABR Packaging & HTTP Origin

Storage

Live Transcoding

CDN Client

CMSDRM

Current Program

Previous Program 1Previous Program 2

Channel time-shift buffer

Long Lasting assetsLive

Start-Over

Catch-Up

LLCU T1T2

T1 T0T2T3

LLCU T2T3

Live

Previous Program 1Previous Program 2 VOD Playlists

The ability to watch a program that has ended

VOD assets extraction from cached material

Examples:

– Personal Video Recordings (nPVR)

– Operator Recordings (nDVR) / VOD Library

– EPG History


Packaging On The Fly (POTF)

Advantages

• Storage cost savings

• Future protocols / versions

Transcoder CDN ClientPackager

DRM

Origin

Storage

CMS

Live

Common Format



Challenges Remedies







SCTE 35 –

Stream conditioning & Playlist annotation

Input stream with SCTE-35


SCTE 35 – Ad Insertion & Blackout/Slate

Conditioning at transcoder, segmentation and signaling at packager, ad insertion downstream

Streaming conditioning by transcoder, and segmentation and slate insertion by packager


Solution Type 1: Client-Based

Company Proprietary – Do Not Distribute

IP

SDI

Multiscreen Headend Content Distribution Network Edge Device

Input

Streams with

SCTE 104/35

Stream conditioning

based on SCTE104/35

information

ABR PackagingLive MBR

Transcoding

Ad Decision Server

Ad Insertion Back Office (IAB VAST/VMAP)

Ad Server

HTTP Origin

SCTE-35 trigger

Playlist annotation

Edge Devices

• Ad Call

• VAST/VMPA Reponses

CDN

Live Streaming + Playlist

Leverage technology and architecture to support blackout and program switch.


Solution Type:

Network-Based SCTE-104/35 / Playlist Manipulation

Company Proprietary – Do Not Distribute

Multiscreen Headend Content Distribution Network Edge Device

Input

Streams with

SCTE 104/35 Stream conditioning

based on SCTE-

104/35 information

ABR PackagingLive MBR

Transcoding

Ad Decision Server

Ad Insertion Back Office (SCTE-130 standard-based)

Ad ServerPlaylist

Manager

HTTP Origin

SCTE-35 trigger

Playlist annotation (HLS, HDS,

MSS) sent to playlist manager

Edge Devices

Ad Served

Playlist with avail PO modified

CDN

Live Streaming

IP

SDI



Challenges Remedies







HEVC — An Evolution of MPEG-4 AVC/H.264

40-50% improvement in

compression efficiency

over H.264

1994

Bit

rate

(M

bp

s)

MPEG-2

2004 2013

HEVC

AVC/H.264

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding)

– ITU-T H.265

– ISO/IEC 23008-2

The latest in long line of improved video

compression standards


HEVC Applications

Higher quality for Multiscreen apps

Improvements over H.264

• Half the bitrate = increased accessibility, same video quality

• Same bitrate =better video quality

• Doubled frame rate = improved TV experience


HEVC Applications

IPTV– Bandwidth constrained

– HEVC will help extend reach

OTT HD delivery – Video traffic growth scary– Storage

Lots of buzz around 4K / Ultra HD– 4K enabler– Immersive

Mobile

– Reduce impact of video on operators networks


HEVC Licensing

In Jan 2014 MPEG LA Proposed HEVC Licensing Terms

– No content-related royalties

– Similar to H.264,HEVC is $0.00 the first 100,000 units, and

a charge of $0.20 per unit after the first 100,000 units

– HEVC royalty never drops, and is capped at $25 million

– 25 patent holders*, of which four declined to be identified

• *Terms are not final, though MPEG LA expects to issue

the HEVC Patent Portfolio License “in early 2014.”

– One of the biggest concerns is that essential patent holders

would opt out of the patent pool, forcing HEVC users to

enter into multiple licensing agreements with multiple

companies.


In the News

Netflix nets streaming deal with Verizon

Netflix cuts deal with Comcast to speed service• USA Today

In April 2014, Netflix approaches 50 million global subscribers with a

32.3 percent video streaming market share in the United States.

A price hike is expected soon

“We are entering a new phase in the evolution of TV

distribution over the public internet,” states Strategy

Analytics’ director of digital media, Ed Barton, on

unveiling the company’s 2013 OTT Video Forecast

Global Summary. By Adrian Pennington

Supreme Court Cloudy on Aereo Streaming TV Case • Time


Thank You

Over the Top - smpte.org 203...What is over the top streaming? Delivery of video and audio media...

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Transcript of Over the Top - smpte.org 203...What is over the top streaming? Delivery of video and audio media...