Output. Writing and Talking in language learning
description
Transcript of Output. Writing and Talking in language learning
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It's vital for this seminar your interaction
Interrupt Please
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Input
Output
“You can’t produce what you don’t ownInputs drive outputs”
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Input vs. OutputThe input skills should precede the output skillsThe brain of the beginner student is like an empty warehouse that must be filled with the information
Do you agree with this idea?
How about integrated skills?
In your opinion what would be the natural sequence the learning should follow at the beginning stages of foreign languages?
Q:
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Input
Output
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Input
-understanding-gaining knowledge-or both
Using language receptivelyMeaning/focused to get:
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What do you think these conditions are for both listening and reading?
Q:
Input exists if certainconditions are present
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Input exists if certain conditions are present:• Most of what the learners are listening to or
reading is already familiar to them• The learners are interested in the input and
want to understand it• Only a small proportion of the language
features are unknown to the learners• The learners can gain some knowledge of the
unknown language items• There enough quantities of input
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Input
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LISTENINGUnderstanding written words,phases, chapters, paragraphs to set thebasis for speaking and interact ina language. Ut enim ad minim veniam.
Listening is identifying and understanding what others are saying.
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Listening is identifying and understanding what others are saying.
As a result of listening the students• gain independence as learners• they refine their grammar• they increase their own vocabulary• they improve pronunciation
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Listening involves understanding grammar, accent, vocabulary and grasping meaning
The micro/skills involved are:• predicting• guessing• using owns previous knowledge• retaining/summarizing• recognizing• understanding intonation• grasping inferred information
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The basic framework on which you can construct a listening lesson can be divided into three main stages
Listening
What main stages can you think of?
Which one do you usually focus on more or you find more challenging?
Q:
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1 Pre-listening, during which we help our students prepare to listen2 While-listening, during which we help to focus their attention on the listening text and guide the development of their understanding3 Post-listening, during which we help the students to integrate what they've learnt into their existing knowledge
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1. Pre-listening• Motivation• Contextualisation• Preparation
What are your ideas to do this?
Do you agree that most of the problems that could hap-pen in the listening can be anticipated in this one?
How?
What if a student is late?
Q:
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2. While-listening• Students need to be given a reason to listen
that will focus their attention• Tasks should be graded for each listening
opportunity. (listening to attitude, conclusion, detail, etc.)
• They can be given thinking space between tasks i.e. checking answers in pairs
How do you usually manage physical setting, accents, speed or other potential problems?
Do you consider differentiation?
Q:
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3. Post-listeningTwo common forms the tasks can take• Reaction to the text• Analysis of language features used
What happens when the students just don‘t react?
Do you usually do some more focus on form work?Q:
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Input
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READINGUnderstanding written words,phases, chapters, paragraphs to set thebasis for speaking and interact ina language. Ut enim ad minim veniam.
Reading skills are the cognitive processes used in making sense of a text.
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Reading skills are the cognitive processes used in making sense of a text. This processes are employed unconsciously and automatically for fluent readers.Every language requires a different repertoire of reading skills based on • structure of the language• literacy habits
Have you thought of these particular skills on the language you teach?
Q:
Reading
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Types of ReadingExtensive reading unproblematic self/chosen materials for information and enjoymentIntensive reading slow careful reading focused on the language rather than the text
Do you encourage both types of reading in your classes?
How?
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Reading strategies• using titles and illustrations to understand
a passage• skimming• scanning• summarizing• guessing word meanings• becoming aware of the reading process• taking risks
How do you encourage your students to learn and use these strategies?
Q:
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READINGUnderstanding written words,phases, chapters, paragraphs to set thebasis for speaking and interact ina language. Ut enim ad minim veniam.
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Setting up a reading activity1. Pre-class stages2. Pre-reading stages3. While-reading stages4. Post-reading stages
What steps would you usually follow?Q:
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1. Pre-class stages• Find a text • Analyse the text and its difficulties (vocabulary,
grammar, cultural mentions...)• Define the reading skills to focus on hence the
tasks • Cut, change, add pictures, improve your text
Do you usually look for your own text or relay on textbooks?
Q:
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2. Pre-reading stagesArouse the students' interest or curiosity: Activate their background or knowledge• Get them to predict or just discussion about the
subject• Elicit some vocabulary• Pre-teach or check vocabulary• Make the task clear to the student• Distribute the text
Any danger on distributing the text before explaining the task?
Can you share any ideas for pre-teaching vocabulary you might have used?
Q:
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3. While-reading stages• Define how the text should be read: aloud, in pairs,
timed, at home, against the clock• Encourage students to guess meaning of unknown
words/Phrases• Help but look for opportunities to get students to
predict or elicit from other students
What if someone has read it already?
What to do with a bored student or someone that finds it too hard?
How to make the reading task enjoyable or more fun?
Q:
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4. Post-reading stages• Get the students to check their answers• Get feedback from the whole class• Allow time to react to ideas not only the language• integrate with other activities such as writing or
speaking
What do you suggest can be done after the text has been read or what works for you?
Q:
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Ideas for reading activitiesComprehension questionsMixed-up paragraphs or textsProvide a titleJigsaw readingSummarizeGapped textSpot the mistakeContrast textList the text
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How do you encourage your students to learn and use these strategies?
Q:
Reading activities 2 (integrative)- reacting- dramatizing interviews based on the text- listening for key words in a video or tape- creating a role play based on a text
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Design a challenging scenario for your fellow
teachers.They will give you advice
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for listening, reading and your output
Thank you