OUTLINE FOR COMPUTER

7/30/2019 OUTLINE FOR COMPUTER

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This includes Lessons 1, 2, and 4


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What is Hardware?

Evolution of Computer Hardware

Functions of Computer Hardware

Proper Hardware Design


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What is Hardware?

This refers to the physical and mechanical components of a computer system

It consists of devices such as circuit boards, chips, monitors, keyboards, and

printers

Evolution of Computer Hardware:

First Generation- Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (ENIAC)(1940-1956)

Second Generation- Transistors (1956-1963)

Third Generation- Integrated Circuits or Microchips(1964-1971)

Fourth Generation- Microprocessors(1971-Present)

Fifth Generation- Artificial Intelligence(Present and Beyond)


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Functions of

Computer

Hardware


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Storage- Refers to the ability of computers to store and retain data in memory

- It is measured in bytes

Byte-it is a series of 1s and 0s usually grouped as sequence of eight bytes

Volatile- memory refers to computer memory that requires electric power to storedata temporarily. Random-access memory (RAM) is an example of this.

RAM- it is used to speed up the loading times of software applications such as the

Operating System. It is also used to process photos, sounds and movies.

Non-Volatile- it is a type of memory that retains data even if electric power is cutoff.

EXAMPLES:

- Hard disk- contains the computers Operating System, files associated with other

programs in the computer, and your own personal files such as documents,

images, movies and music.

- Optical Disk- this is a portable storage medium that is read and written using lasertechnology. CD (Compact Disc) can store up to 650 MB of data. DVD (Digital

Video Disc) can store 4 to 8 GB of Data. Blu-Ray discs can store 25 to 50 GB of

data.

- USB flash Drive- this is a chip that can be erased and reprogrammed to hold data.

There are also some flash drives that use SD (Secure Digital) cards for storage

and connect to the PC using the USB port.

- -


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Process- The ability of Computers to process data.

Data Processing it is defined as the conversion of data from one format to

another.

Data- refers to a collection of numbers and characters which the computerunderstands.

Microprocessor or CPU (Central Processing Unit)- it is the brain of the computer.

Parallel processing- this harnesses the power of multiple processors in one

computing entity to perform a single task.

Distributed processing- it is used to bind multiple computing entities so that they

become a single centralized unit focused on a common task or goal. Intel, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), VIA Technologies, and Transmeta are some

of the companies that manufacture microprocessors for PCs.


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Input Input devices- can be built into the computer by a cable. These are used to interact

with the computer.

EXAMPLES:

Keyboard Mouse

Trackballs

Touch pads

Joysticks

Graphics tablet

Light pens Cyber gloves

Touch screens

Game controllers

Scanners

Bar codes

Readers Video

Digital cameras

Microphones


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Output Output devices- these tells us what the computer is doing with the instructions we

supplied to it.

EXAMPLES:

Monitor or Screen Speakers

Printers


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Proper Hardware

Design


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Monitor- A screen that displays what is going on in the

computer.


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Keyboard- main input device for most computers.

Used to input textual information to the computer.


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Mouse- Lets you feed instructions to the computer by

simply pointing and clicking in a graphical

environment.


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System Case- Box that houses the CPU. Normally, it

has expansion slots, contains spare drive bays, and

allows space to work inside for attachments to the

system unit.


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Motherboard- main circuit board in the computer. All

the other parts of the computer have a direct or

indirect connection to it.


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Main Memory/RAM- allows computers to store and

retain information. These are Motherboard-dependent

which means it only depends if it accepts the

Motherboard.


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Processor- brain of the computer that handles the flow

of all data. This is what computer manufacturers

usually advertise because speed is something that

buyers can relate to.


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Hard disk- Storage device that holds the Operating

System and other programs and data files. A drive that

spins at least 7,200 revolutions per minute (RPM) is

recommended.


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Floppy Disk Drive- it is the slowest form of long-term

secondary storage for the computer and so thats why

it has been phased out in favor of more durable CD

and DVD writer as well as flash drives.


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CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drive- reads CDs or DVDs.


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Video/graphics card- it provides graphics-intensive

applications such as videogames, editing pictures and

movies.


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Sound Cards- Converts data into sound to be sent to

speakers or convert sounds to digital formats.


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Cable Connectors- they are required in order to

communicate with the motherboard and other

components.


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Other Peripherals- Optional devices that you connect

to your computer, like printers and removable storage

devices.


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Network Card/Modem- It is through this card or

modem that we are able to connect to the internet.


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Power Supply- it supplies power to your computer with

enough wattage to run the equipment or computer.


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Up next

Lesson 2


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Free Music For Fun !

Music: Ako na langSinger: Zia Quizon

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What is Software?

Systems and ApplicationsHow Software Works with Hardware

Uses of Software

Cloud Computing


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What is Software?- This refers to instructional information that directs the activities of the computer

hardware or helps the user control the hardware components of the computer. It

is also sometimes called a computer program.

EXAMPLES: Word processors

Databases

Spreadsheets

E-mail programs

Web browsers

Anything else the computer runs and executes are all kinds of software


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Systems and ApplicationsSoftware are classified into two:

System Software- helps run the computer system. It controls and manages individual

hardware components.EXAMPLES:

Device drivers

Programming tools

Utilities

Operating system- the system software responsible for all basic operations of thecomputer.

EXAMPLES:

Windows

Linux

Mac OS

UNIX

Firmware- a system software embedded into the hardware system

Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)- this locates and loads the operating system into

the memory each time you switch on your computer.

Device driver or driver- the system software that helps the OS communicate with

hardware components


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Application Software- it helps a computer user perform specific tasks. It directly

applies the various capabilities and resources of the computer to solve problems.

EXAMPLES:

Office suites

Media players

Computer games

Office suite or Productivity suite- it is a bundle of separate but interrelated and

compatiible software. It normally consists of a word processor for typing.

EXAMPLES:

Microsoft Office

StarOffice

OpenOffice

Lotus Smart Suite

Multimedia software- it is a software which includes media players and graphics

programs.

Analytical software- they are designed specifically to solve complex mathematical

problems

Collaborative software or Groupware- integrates the work done on a common

project by many users in different locations.


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How software works with Hardwares

Requirements for Readable Software:

The data must be recorded in a medium such as a hard disk, floppy disk, compact

disc, or any other storage medium that can be read by the computer The data must be written in a format that can be read by the computer or the OS

running on the computer.

Requirements for Executable Software:

It must be possible for the data to run in the computer hardware using a set of

commands or procedure The ability of the data to run must extend beyond the starting phase and must

allow the practical application or functional use of the software content.

F f l di t ib t bl ft (FRS) h ft


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Freeware, freely redistributable software (FRS), shareware, or open source- software

that can be free. It does not charge something to users, they can be freely

downloaded.

Freeware- software that can be freely downloaded from the internet

Source code- a programming language that humans can read and machines can

execute

Shareware- a software commonly available for free for a limited period

Commercial software- this must be purchased directly from software distributors or

over the internet by using a credit card.


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Uses of Software:

Publishing

Design

Research Product Integration

Business Solutions

Information Technology (IT)Information and Communications Technology (ICT)- it is the development of

productivity tools and environments in which to use them.

Convergence- it is a term to define the coming together of various computing and

communications technologies in unique products.


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Cloud ComputingCLOUD COMPUTING CAN ESSENTIALLY BE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 SERVICES

MODELS:

Cloud Software as a Service(SaaS)- this is where software applications in a

remote location are accessed through the internet. These applications can beaccessed through the use of a web browser

Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)- here the user can create software systems

and deploy them on a remote server. However, the user cannot modify any other

aspects of the remote server other than the system he created.

Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)- here the user has control over the

software components of the remote server such as the operating system and other

applications


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Follow-ups:

Packaged software- produced and sold by software companies for general usage

User-written software- made by computer programmers for individuals orcompanies with specific needs

Cloud computing- the sharing of information technology resources over the internet.


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Up Next

Lesson 4

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Amirah A. Karon I-Charity I am a dreamer who know that a space is where an image

grows


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From IT to ICT

Development of the Internet in thePhilippines

ICT at Home and in School

The Social Impact of ICT


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From IT to ICT

C i ti T h l


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Communications Technology

It is an ancient forms of communication

Morse code

It is also an invention of radiotelegraphy in 1901 byGuglielmo Marconi

Telegram in the 1920s, telefacsimile in 1843 and

fax machine in 1970s

I f ti T h l (IT) it i th t h l


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Information Technology (IT)- it is the technology

necessary for processing information

Information Appliance- these are devices that can

process information, signals, graphics, animation,video and audio. It can also exchange such

information with IA device

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Wireless

Fidelity (WiFi)


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ICT at Home

and in School


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ICT at Home:

Telephone

Cellphone Television

Internet

E-mail

ICT at School:

e-learning

Global ElectronicEducation

Campus-Based

Education

Off-Campus Education


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Social Impactof ICT


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Employment

Innovation Fame or Popularity

Depression


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OUTLINE FOR COMPUTER

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