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JULY/AUGUST 2015VOL. 13ISSUE 03

NEWBERRY & JONESVILLE EDITION

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CONTENTS J U LY/A U G U S T 2 0 1 5

FEATURE STORIES

ON THE COVER >> OUR COVER MODEL, EMILY WALDMAN, IS A GAINESVILLE RESIDENT AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENTIST. FOR THIS ISSUE WE INVITE READERS TO EXPLORE BOTH THE SCI-ENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EVER-PRESENT IN OUR HUMAN WORLD. TO INFINITY AND BEYOND!P H OTO G R A P H Y B Y E R I C K A W I N T E R R O W D. I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y N E I L M CK I N N E Y.

G R E AT E R A L AC H U A C O U N T Y | V O L . 1 3 | N O. 0 3

20 KID-FRIENDLY SUMMER SCIENCECrystals and Lava Lamps and Volcanoes, OH MY! Learn how to make these three DIY science crafts with your children. Even parents will have fun!

68 PRESERVATION TAKES PERSEVERANCEGainesville is working to restore 80 acres of longleaf pine savannas that have been fi re suppressed.

76 REDEFINING THE SUNSHINE STATEIs olive oil the answer to Floridas citrus problems? One group of entrepreneurs believes so.

80 SOFTBALL MECCAThe Babe Ruth Explosion of Champions is coming to the cities of Alachua, Newberry and High Springs.

88 CULTIVATING HISTORYGain insight into the history of antique farming machines with the North Florida Antique Tractor Club.

92 PROGRESS PARKNestled in the City of Alachua is a productive setting that caters specifi cally to start-up companies with a focus on technological and health advancements.

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CONTENTS J U LY/A U G U S T 2 0 1 5

32CADE MUSEUM UPDATEThe Cade Museum will be one of Gainesvilles signature attractions.

38DRONE-ON!Get the scoop on unmanned aerial vehicles, from their controversial military application to recreational and commercial use.

48A NEW PATH FOR NEUROSCIENCEA UF neurobiologist and his research team set sail to explore the nervous systems of marine creatures.

56FINDING CRUSHScientists and students are working to ensure a healthy future for sea turtles.

62INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMThe Innovation Hub in Gainesville offers exciting advantages for start-up technology companies.

96BEYOND THE CORDAROYByron Youngs business continues to thrive after making a deal on NBCs Shark Tank.

116THE NEW AGE OF MUSICUnderstand the ever-changing ways listeners use to consume music.

120PERIODICALLY CORRECTThis fanciful photo essay, inspired by the Periodic Table of Elements, merges science with art.

128THE FINAL FRONTIERSimulators. Astronauts. Rockets!A visit to the Kennedy Space Center.

136SCIENCE SPOTLIGHTMeet Dr. Daniel Savin and see how UFs Preeminence Initiative invests in people and programs that help UF help the world.

144INTERVIEW:CLAY ANDERSONAfter this UF School of Architecture alumnus received his masters from MIT, he has gone on to become an award-winning designer.

152TECH JAW-LOGYLearn about shark technologies for tracking and possibly repelling these fearsome creatures.

COLUMNS

REVIEWS

INFORMATION

46 NAKED SALSAby Crystal Henry

66 EMBRACING LIFEby Donna Bonnell

114 DIFFERENT NOTEby Albert Isaac

142 HEALTHY EDGEby Kendra Siler-Marsiglio

118 GATE CRASHINGby Brian Krash Kruger

134 READING CORNERby Terri Schlichenmeyer

160 ADVENTURESIN APPETITEby Ken Peng

99 Charity Winners100 Taste of the Town106 Community Calendar112 Public School

Calendar

The articles printed in Our Town do not necessarily

re ect the opinions of Tower Publications, Inc. or

their editorial staff. Our Town Magazine endeavors

to accept reliable advertising; however, we can not

be held responsible by the public for advertising

claims. Our Town Magazine reserves the right

to refuse or discontinue any advertisement. All

rights reserved. 2015 Tower Publications, Inc.

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OUR TOWN MAGAZINE IS PUBLISHED BI-MONTHLY BY TOWER PUBLICATIONS, INC. REPRODUCTION BY ANY MEANS OF THE WHOLE OR PART OF OUR TOWN WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHER IS PROHIBITED. VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THE EDITORIAL PAGES DO NOT IMPLY OUR ENDORSEMENT. WE WELCOME YOUR PRODUCT NEWS. INCLUDE PRICES, PHOTOS AND DIGITAL FILES WITH YOUR PRESS RELEASE. PLEASE FORWARD PRODUCT SAMPLES AND MEDIA KITS TO REVIEWS EDITOR, OUR TOWN MAGAZINE, 4400 NW 36TH AVENUE, GAINESVILLE, FL 32606. WE CANNOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR UNSOLICITED PRODUCT SAMPLES.

A Publication of Tower Publications, Inc.4400 NW 36th Ave., Gainesville, Florida 32606phone: 352-372-5468 fax: 352-373-9178

PUBLISHERCharlie Delatorre

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHERHank McAfee

EDITOR-IN-CHIEFAlbert Isaac

[email protected]

MANAGING EDITOREricka Winterrowd

[email protected]

CONTRIBUTING WRITERSAlexia Fernandez, Crystal Henry, Kristin Kozelsky,

Peggy Macdonald, Marisa Ross, Rick Sapp,Brinn Strange, Kathy Pierre

CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERSKristin Kozelsky

CREATIVE DIRECTION + DESIGNHank McAfee, Neil McKinney

ADVERTISING ACCOUNT EXECUTIVESJenni Bennett [email protected] Mincey [email protected] Short [email protected]

INTERNGabriele Calise

CALENDAR SUBMISSIONSIf you would like us to publicize an event in the greater Gainesville area, send information by the 1st day of the month prior to the next issue. For example, submissions for the March/April issue are due by February 1. All submissions will be reviewed and every effort will be made to run qualifi ed submissions if page space is available.

LETTERS TO THE EDITORWe want to hear from you. Send your letters to the attention of the editor at 4400 NW 36th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32606 or [email protected]. Letters must be signed and include a phone number in the event we need to contact you. (Your phone number will not be published.)

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Somewhere, something incredible is waiting tobe known.

CARL SAGAN

When I was but a wee lad I wanted to be an astronaut or a scientist when I grew up (among other things). I wanted to invent things. But I hated math and was not very good at it. Therefore the mathemati-cal part of my brain never fully developed, making it dif cult to seriously consider becoming a

scientist. Fortunately, the language-reading-music part of my brain fared much better, allowing me to soar into space in my imagination and invent incredible futuristic worlds and then write about them. These days it often feels like Im living in the future. There are rockets on Mars. Arti cial hearts. And Dick Tracys Two-Way Wrist TVs. OK, the last one is a slight exaggeration, but very slight, especially since Apple released a Watch that does just about everything but take photos. Growing up I read with fascination that in the future wed have ying cars and televi-sion-telephones. I think its funny that those futuristic telephones were still tethered to the wall. But the prognosticators did not imagine all the things a smart phone can do. Not only can I see the person Im talking to, but its a ashlight, a level, a GPS, a compass, and it plays music. It can make movies, compose music, and answer questions that I ask. It does just about everything but the dishes and its wireless. Still waiting on the ying cars. Were living in a remarkable era with an exponentially expanding explosion of invention and innovation. With that in mind, for this edition of Our Town we offer you some stories about science, technology and, well, innovation. For example, practically everyone has heard of Gatorade certainly everyone in the Gator Nation. But many probably may not have heard that there is a new museum coming to Gainesville. Learn about the Cade Museum for Creativity and Invention, named for Dr. James Robert Cade, inventor of Gatorade. So sit back and enjoy stories ranging from scientists to sea turtle tracking; from NASA to the deep blue sea; from sharks to Shark Tank. Happy reading!


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W R I T T E N B Y K AT H Y P I E R R E

A n invention coming out of the University of Floridas Innovation Square hopes to sterilize, sanitize and disinfect household items in a way that hasnt been done before. AzPure is a biomedical technology company that is developing a surface plasma device that can eliminate contaminants that make people sick.

The name AzPure was derived from the idea that they can purify everything from A to Z, said AzPure CEO Gary Bruce. Subrata Roy, AzPure inventor and associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, is a leading expert on surface plasma and has pat-ented more than 25 plasma-related inventions. Roy said that this invention was partly created through the question of what it means to clean. People have been using plasma to clean water since 1903, but AzPure cleans surfaces and air using plasma. The product will work in a vac-uum cleaner. Unlike regular vacuum cleaners that pick up dirt and bacte-ria and spread them throughout the air in smaller particles as it moves around, AzPure would be destroying the bacteria.

AzPure would help to begin solving the problem of allergies, which, according to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, is the fth leading chronic disease in the world. AzPure recently placed in the Sweet 16 of the sixth annual Cade Museum Prize, competing with more than 85 teams. Bruce said that the Cade competitions recognition was very good for AzPure. It said, This is technology worth noticing, Bruce said. Roy compared the feeling of being selected for the Sweet 16 in the Cade competition to being peer-reviewed. Being at the Innovation Square has allowed Bruce and Roy to make connections with other inventors and innovators, and have access to many of the different resources that are available. Roy likened Innovation Square to a greenhouse where many different companies are growing together with the help and resources of the University of Florida. Bruce hopes to have the product ready for consumer purchase within the next year. Weve been doing this for some time and we think nows the time to take that leap, Bruce said.

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CONTRIBUTOR S J U LY/A U G U S T 2 0 1 5

KRISTIN KOZELSKYis a classically trained photographer. Since completing her art degree in 2001, she has built a wide body of work and honed in on an interactive approach to working with her clients. [email protected]

KATHY PIERREis a senior journalism major at UF. She aspires to be a social activism writer. When shes not writing or thinking about things she wants to write, she is trying out differ-ent fl avors of Talenti and binge-watching shows on Netfl [email protected]

BRINN STRANGEis a California native who loves her recent relocation to Gainesville. When not writing, she teaches Barre classes at Barre Forte, trains for triathlons, and takes her two mutts to the dog park. [email protected]

BRIAN KRASH KRUGERis a writer, musician and a graduate of the UF College of Law. He has played in some 17 or so local bands, playing most every Gainesville venue friendly to original music(and some not so friendly)[email protected]

PEGGY MACDONALDis a native Gainesvilleian and the exec-utive director of the Matheson History Museum. She has taught history at Florida Polytechnic, Stetson and UF. She is also the author of Marjorie Harris Carr: Defender of Floridas [email protected]

GABRIELLE CALISEis a sophomore journalismmajor at UF who is interning for the fi rst time at Tower Publications. In her spare time sheenjoys collecting vinyl records, taking photo-graphsand watching movies.gcalise@ufl .edu

RICK SAPPis a freelance writer who lives in Gainesville. His goal is to sail around the world obvi-ously alone and end his days eating truffl es and chocolate, and drinking too much red wine in the south of France. [email protected]

ALEXIA FERNANDEZis a UF journalism junior with big dreams. With a deep love of movies and writing, she hopes to one day write books, scripts and create a successful career for herself in [email protected]

CRYSTAL HENRYis a freelance writer and columnist born and raised in West Texas. She received her B.S. in Journalism in 2006 from the University ofFlorida. She is in love with the Florida [email protected]

MARISA ROSSis a UF journalism and Spanish senior. She is a self-proclaimed foodie, photo junkie and travel enthusiast. When she isnt cooking exotic cuisines or planning her next adventure, you can fi nd her playing volleyball or acoustic guitar.mross92@ufl .edu

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Three Easy and Awesome Ways to Explore Science with your Children*

Summer Science

What better way to harness a childs love of science than with some fun Do It Yourself (DIY) science proj-ects? These three experiments will not only bring wonderment to a kids summer day, but will also get them excited for this years science class! From growing their own crystals to watching a prehistoric volcano erupt, these mini scientists will

be begging their parents for more good old-fashioned fun leaving all those electronic devices behind. Imagine that.

S TO RY A N D P H OTO G R A P H Y B Y E R I C K A W I N T E R R O W D

* Adult supervision required for all experiments.WARNING: Adults may fi nd these crafts highly entertaining as well.

PHOTOGRAPH: PINSTOCK

DIY >> FUN SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS

CHEMICAL REACTION

21


Borax CrystalsGrowing crystals with borax powder (a mineral) and pipe cleaners is a popular kids craft, but adults will nd this project pretty spectacular too. Get ready to watch magic occur as something that was merely a nest made of pipe cleaners turns into something that looks like real amethyst. The science behind it is pretty cool too.

SUPPLIES:Powdered Borax (found at most grocery stores in the laundry detergent aisle)Pipe cleaners (white, or the color of the crystal you want to make the fuzzier the better)Heatproof glass container/beakerSaucepanMeasuring spoonScissorsThreadNeon food color packPopsicle stick (a pencil or food skewer would work too)

INSTRUCTIONS: First you will create a nest using pipe clean-ers. Make a loose coil shape, weaving the pipe cleaner in and out to hold the shape steady. The crystals will grow around it. About four pipe clean-ers will make a nice, big crystal. After you make your nest shape, you will tie a piece of string around the pipe cleaner. Make sure it is long enough for it to be suspended into the borax solution. Next you will ll your heatproof glass container (a beaker works great) with 2 liters of water. Bring the water to a boil on the stovetop, with a saucepan under-neath your heatproof glass container. For safety, always keep an eye on your stovetop while you are boiling. If you want your crystal to be a certain color, add the food color dye now amount of drops to your liking (I used about 10-15 drops of purple dye.) Now, you will add 10 to 13 Tablespoons of the borax powder to the boiling water. Stir to help the powder dissolve. Then, while the water is still super hot, dunk in the pipe cleaner form plunking it in and out of the water to shake off any air bubbles. Once it is suspended, turn off the stovetop heat and cover the top of the beaker with a book or piece of cardboard to keep the heat in the container. For best results leave it suspended in the solu-tion for at least 8 to 10 hours. And get ready to see some colossal crystals!

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IN A NUTSHELL:1) Bring 2 liters of water to a boil in a heatproof

glass container, with a saucepan underneath.2) Add the food coloring.3) Add 10-13 Tablespoons of borax, enough to

make a saturated solution. Stir.4) Suspend the pipe cleaner form on a string

immediately.5) Turn the heat off on the stovetop, leaving the

beaker there as it cools.6) Cover the top of the glass container with a

magazine or cardboard piece.7) Let it soak overnight (or at least 8-10 hours),

undisturbed.

When the project is complete, it is important to remember that borax crystals can dissolve, so if these get wet or maybe endure some humid weather, they could decrystallize. If they are going to be handled, it is suggested that a clear nish be applied.

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Lava Lamps Get ready for this next groovy craft! The lava lamp project is great for all those hippie grand-parents looking for a fun activity to do with their grandkids. Theres no better way to explain how oil reacts with water than with this experiment. Then, add in the Alka Seltzer tablet and boom, a mind-blowing chemical reaction IN COLOR!

SUPPLIES:Cooking oilWaterFood ColoringAn empty water bottle (any size)Alka-Seltzer antacid tablets

INSTRUCTIONS:1) Fill your bottle about two thirds of the way

with oil and the rest of the way with water, leaving about an inch free at the top.

2) Add several drops of food coloring, allowing it to break through the oil and tint the water.

3) Break an Alka-Seltzer tablet into 4 pieces and drop a piece in at a time. Close the bottle cap and watch the magic.

4) As soon as the tablet hits the water layer, it will start to zz and the colored water will erupt!

5) The bubbles will stop as soon as the tablet dissipates, but they will start up again as soon as you add another tablet. If the oil layer starts to become cloudy with tiny bubbles, just let it settle for a while. Then you can begin again.

For another cool lava look, do this experiment with the lights out! Shine a ashlight from below the bottle and watch as the bubbles glow through-out your lava lamp. This is a great way to entice your kids to go to sleep, especially for those who might be afraid of the dark. Pretty groovy, huh?

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SOURCE: PBS.ORG

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Volcano All right, folks, its time to get prehistoric! Kids can engage in imaginary play and a bit of chemis-try when they create their very own vinegar and baking soda volcano. This is a great opportunity to inform your child that volcanoes allow hot lava and gases to escape from below the earths surface. When the vinegar is added to the baking soda, carbon dioxide gas is created. The gas then leaves the solution as bubbles, thus causing the volcanic eruption. How neat is that? Just make sure to look out for pterodactyls above; they really do seem to come out of nowhere!

SUPPLIES:2 Tablespoons of baking soda1/2 teaspoon of saltDish liquidOrange, red, or yellow food coloringPaintVinegarSmall glass fl ask or soda bottleQuick-dry molding clayPlastic dinosaurs

INSTRUCTIONS: Begin to form the volcano by applying molding clay to the outside of a small glass ask or soda bottle. Continue to build the cone shape that a real volcano has. Once complete and built to the size of your liking, allow it to sit and harden. Next, begin to paint your volcano. Metallic paints in the tones of brown and black will give you the earthy look that is desired. A nice way to get some texture on the volcano form is to use a sponge to apply different colors. Dont forget to paint some red and orange lava streaks beginning at the opening of the volcano, streaming down the sides. While you allow the paint to dry, set up your prehistoric scene. And dont forget to add some dinosaurs ROAR! Now its time to create the baking soda solution. In a separate jar or cup add the baking soda, salt and food coloring. Mix well. Then add a couple squirts of dish liquid to the top of the mix. Spoon this solution into the top of your volcano. The next step is adding the vinegar as much as you need until it starts to zz, causing the volcanic eruption. Watch as the gas and bubbles erupt through the opening and ooze onto your prehistoric set. Enjoy the messy fun!

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IN A NUTSHELL:1) Apply molding clay to a small glass ask or

soda bottle, forming your volcano. Then, allow it to harden.

2) Paint the volcano with earth tones. Then, allow it to dry.

3) Set up a prehistoric scene, adding plastic dino-saur toys.

4) In a separate jar add baking soda, salt and food coloring. Mix well.

5) Add a couple squirts of dish liquid to the top of mix.

6) Spoon the solution into the volcano.7) Lastly, add enough vinegar to create the erup-

tion zz.

Hopefully these crafts will bring the world of science into your home as well as into the hearts of your children. And who knows? Your little one might be the next Marie Curie or Albert Einstein. When exploration is combined with imagination, the possibilities are endless. And as Einstein sup-posedly said, Play is the highest form of research. So lets play!

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SOURCE: PBS.ORG

A nice way to get some texture on the volcano form is to use a sponge to apply different colors.

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D r. James Robert Cade and his family founded the Cade Museum in 2004, To inspire creative thinking, future inventors, and early entrepreneurs so that communities ourish. Dr. Cade, the inventor of Gatorade, has since passed, but his wife, daughter and son-in-law remain members of the board to ensure the museum continues to ful ll its mission. The museum is housed in a small building across the street from its permanent home at the corner of South Main and

Depot Avenue in Depot Park, an area chosen to ensure easy access to anyone wanting to visit. The building houses of ces, the Creativity Lab and the Fab Lab. Programs are held in this facility throughout the year to encourage young people to get curious and get creative. October marks the 50th anniversary of the invention of Gatorade, which will be marked by a series of events and a ceremonial groundbreaking for construction of the new facility. Events will take place Thursday, October 1st through the Gator football game on Saturday, October 3rd. The Depot Park area has

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already undergone a number of renovations, including the Depot Ave. building. The city hopes to nd a cafe and gift shop to occupy that space. The Cade currently has four full-time employees that run the day-to-day opera-tion of the museum, develop educational programming, and focus on community outreach.

Were asked a lot to define what we are, and thats always a hard thing to do when you dont want to be defined, said Development Director Leslie Ladendorf. Are we a science museum? Yes and no. Are we a childrens museum? Yes and no. Are we an arts museum? Yes and no. Were STEAM: were science, technology, engineering, arts, and math we want to bring all that in. The Museum puts a strong emphasis on The Cade Way, which embraces the con-cept of project-based learning. Students are exposed to this approach throughout all of the educational programing at The Cade. They are encouraged to get creative and ask, What if? and then explore further. There is no right way or wrong way to get the answer, nor is there one single way to learn here; projects are approached from all angles to help students arrive at the core concepts of the lessons on their own. Until the schools are ready to embrace how we do things, were here, said Program Director Patty Lipka, who has over 25 years of teaching experience. Its called divergent learning and a fundamental concept upon which the museum is built. Another core concept is Think. Meet. Be. Through this approach, students are taught to think like an inventor and entrepreneur, to meet an inventor or entrepreneur usu-ally a Cade Prize winner or runner-up and to use the Fab Lab to exercise their creativity and be an inventor. This kind of

Were STEAM: were science, technology, engineering, arts, and math we want to bring all that in.

35


encouragement is rarely seen in a traditional classroom and is something the museum prides itself on. An example of a recent project is The Physics of Football workshop. The workshop brought former Gator and Heisman winner Danny Wuerffel, Dr. Heather Vincent from the UF Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine Institute, and Dr. Scott Banks from the UF College of Engineering together with a group of football players from the Boys and Girls Club. For adults, the museum incorporates a bit of learning into every event it hosts. The Cade held its sold-out annual Inventivity Bash on May 15th. The theme of the night was molecular gas-tronomy, so guests learned about chemical reactions such as emulsi cation from some of the top chefs in Gainesville. Creme brle, anyone? The Cade Prize is another channel of community outreach for the museum. The Cade Prize is essentially a pitch compe-tition for inventors and entrepreneurs. The winner is awarded $15,000 from the community foundation and an additional in-kind donation of legal services to help get their project off the ground. In addition, the winners and runner-ups are invited back to the museum to participate in special entrepreneurship

courses and to meet with the students. The Fab Lab is the newest addition to the museum offering a place for children to bring their ideas to life. Out tted with 3-D printers, a laser cutter, computers and an assortment of tools and workspaces, this gives them the hands-on experience of seeing their idea take shape and become a reality. Currently, the Creativity Lab the primary educational space in the building can only handle a limited number of classes, with a maximum class size of 15 students. The completed museum is expected to have about 2,500 square feet of space for educational programming, which the staff is very excited about. When completed, the museum will be much more than a traditional science museum, with hands-on exhibits, events, art, trails, Gator Tank (a spinoff of Shark Tank), an interactive playground and an amphitheater. Were asking people to be a part of something theyve never been a part of before. How many opportunities do you get to be on the ground oor of something like this? Ladendorf said. We hope to provide for the next generation, for the next few generations of kids that are going to become the entrepreneurs and inventors in this community.

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Leslie Ladendorf, Development

Director of the Cade (top left) and just

some of the things to be found at the

Fab Lab, dedicated to bringing students creative ideas to life. The spirograph (top

and bottom right) was built in Gainesville and

donated to the lab. The blue nut and bolt

(bottom left) were freshly printed on one

of the 3-D printers.

PHOTOGRAPHY: KRISTIN KOZELSKY

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As a 3rd generation farmer, I have dedicated 75 years to working the land until a problem with my heart an irregular heartbeat slowed me down. Dr. Floyd Burke was able to find the problem. He quickly sent me to Dr. Charles Klodell for heart surgery that saved my life. I know that UF Health has the brightest medical minds, and the most advanced technology and research in North Central Florida. Im thankful to everyone there for getting me back to doing what I love.

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ROBO

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Aerial Robotics Comes to Gainesville

Pilot to No Pilot

U nless you keep bees, you think of drones as stealthy killers, predators with cameras and missiles cir-cling deadly and unseen thousands of feet over-head. Operators at secret locations may be thou-sands of miles from an actual ight stare at com-puter monitors and suddenly push a button. The screen resolves into a giant explosion. This is but one aspect of drones, otherwise called UAVs or unmanned aerial vehicles. While the warfare image is accurate, to a degree, it confuses ones thought process about drones and obscures what may be the immense commercial, even recreational opportunities for this ying tool.

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Saying the skys the limit may sound clich, but both manufacturers and UAV enthusiasts in Gainesville say there is so much more to flying small, unmanned vehicles than is popularly realized.

THE PROFESSIONAL HOBBYIST Gainesville hobbyist and entrepreneur Greg Guzman owns two drones. It isnt only the small ying vehicle itself that gives the drone package its immense potential, he said. It is their ability to carry high-resolution cameras and to both receive and respond to instructions from operators on the ground. Guzman said UAVs can do much more, however, than just carry a camera. They can, for example, be used for crop dusting, otherwise a hazardous job requiring skilled pilots who y near the ground avoiding power lines, trees and windmills and still drop fertilizer on target. The beauty of a helicopter-style UAV in crop dusting, Guzman said, is that it can hover and the whirling wind from its rotors distributes chemical to all parts of a plant, even the underside of leaves. Although Amazon.com suggested that, using GPS technology,

it could soon deliver packages with drones, that is still far in Americas future, Guzman believes. Everyone is still in limbo about the rules for ying drones domestically, noted Guzman, who also has a commercial pilots license. The Federal Aviation [Administration] has published guidelines, but they are not binding. We are waiting on properly codi ed rules. Guzman also believes we will soon need a broader certi ca-tion program for ying drones, even licensing for commercial activities. There are real dangers in ying a drone, he said, and not just from invasion of privacy, taking someones picture without permission. Imagine ying your drone over the Ben Hill Grif n Stadium lled with 90,000 screaming football fans and hitting a pigeon or losing power. That drone is going to fall. If it hits anyone theyre going to get hurt. Theyll be headed to the hospital and youll be headed to court. So the rst thing you should consider before you run to Wal-Mart and buy a yer is not, Can I afford it, but Can I operate it safely.

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Prioria Robotics was started by two UF grads in 2003. Their original goal was to revolutionize the toy market, but as this press photo shows, their Maveric UAV Tough. Tactical. Smart. has a signifi cant application for military uses.

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Guzman said at least seven companies in Alachua County and the University of Florida are involved in the drone business. Everybody and their brother are doing this, now, he said. You can get a $50 drone from Verizon and control it with your smart phone.

GAINESVILLES WELL-KNOWN COMPANIES Gainesville has several well-known UAV manufacturers. Prioria Robotics co-founders Bryan da Frota and Jason Grzywna were UF grads. Their original goal was to revolutionize the robotic toy market by 2003, but ve years later their 2.6-pound Maveric UAV was already well known by the Department of Defense. Built with ultra-strong, lightweight composite carbon ber, the Maveric is portable, rapidly deployable and simple to use. Designed primarily for law enforcement and military use, its xed-wing design folds into a backpack tube. Maveric cruises at 30 mph, sprints to 63 mph and can operate over a wireless range of up to 10 miles at nearly 1,000 feet for up to an hour depending on conditions. When the FAA opened public airspace for UAV operation in 2012, Prioria pursued commercial applications, which meant designing helicopter-style UAVs and support hardware and software. The Hex Mini, for example, has a takeoff weight of 5 pounds and a speed of 22 mph for several miles at over 300 feet. UF graduates in Aerospace Engineering and Geomatics

established Altavian in 2011. CEO John Perry said their goal is to maximize the value of unmanned aircraft for our clients by ensuring that they can safely and ef ciently collect data that is precise, accurate and timely. We believe drones are a critical technology for our future. Altavian also has single-prop and helicopter-style drones. The Nova F6500 is a single-prop drone that provides precision 3D mapping and real-time thermal infrared and HD images. It can launch in practically any environment with minimal logistics due to a waterproof, lightweight and hand-launchable design. The Nova R8400 is Altavians eight-prop helicopter-style drone. The R8400 is stable in vertical take-off, landing and hovering. On challenging inspection and monitoring missions, it can navigate obstacles and gather very high-resolution imagery. For a dozen years UFs Unmanned Aerial Systems Research Group has worked with a variety of partners from farmers to dam builders to develop affordable, user-friendly UAVs for natural resource projects. Unmanned systems offer an exciting platform for observ-ing, monitoring and measuring the landscape, said Program Leader Franklin Percival. They ll the gap between satellites and manned aircraft imagery and ground-based observations. UAVs can ef ciently cover large areas of land, particularly when ground operations are difficult or dangerous, such as in the Everglades. Unmanned aircraft provide a method of obtaining aerial imagery without risk to human life.

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DRONE USES The military uses drones to gather covert intelligence, and locate and destroy terrorists. Law enforcement uses include drug interdiction and search-and-rescue. People are less familiar with the enormous possibilities for commercial and recreational uses. During and after a disaster, emergency management UAVs can assess damage, supervise evacuation routes or plot lines for wild re resistance. Drones can monitor oil spills or map terrain features after a ood or nd lost children.

In the commercial field, programmable cameras on UAVs provide aerial imagery on-demand for a fraction of the cost of traditional aerial surveys. After all, precision mapping is required for farming, building construction, and natural resource and infrastructure management; mining, oil and pipeline inspection; utility inspection; real estate management and migratory bird surveys. The possibilities for drones or UAVs may not be endless but it is fair to say the skys the limit.

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IT WAS THE DAY OF MY BETA, AND I ALREADY KNEW THE ANSWER. BABY MAMA AND BABY DADDY SAID THEY DIDNT WANT TO KNOW ANYTHING, BUT I HAD BEEN PEEING ON STICKS FOR OVER A WEEK.

A nd it had been a very positive experience. I was pregnant with their child and they had no idea. Baby Daddy texted me as I sat in the waiting room and asked that I make sure any bad news came to him rst. He had to work that day, and he didnt want Baby Mama getting any rough news while she was alone. I assured him that Id let the nurse know. But I sent a big winky face. They drew my labs, but we wouldnt have results until after 2. It was all I could do from texting Baby Mama to tell her to breathe. But Id promised not to let on one way or another since they didnt want to know any pee stick results. Only of cial labs. I knew why they wanted to wait, but I didnt fully understand it. The reasoning is to not get your hopes up by a home pregnancy test. But in my mind, you either get your hopes up from the get-go or you keep that wall up until after the rst trimester. Or until delivery. Or until the child turns 18. Or until youre dead I guess. Really, a home pregnancy test is just the rst worry in a long line of perpetual parenting worry, a dry run for the rest of your life. So although I didnt understand their reasoning, I completely respected it. The waiting was killing me, even though I had another positive home test that morning. I had my fellow surro sisters guessing beta numbers, which again is just the measurement of the pregnancy hormone in my body. They had guesses of 168 and 211. Anything over 5 is positive, but a good high number would sure be reassuring. By 3:30 I was starting to get really agitated. Those labs said STAT, and I knew Baby Mama was on pins and needles. I started bugging the clinic, and within an hour I got a text from Baby Mama asking for a picture of my latest pregnancy test. I asked

if she was double sure she wanted to see. She assured me with 25 emojis, all caps and exclamation points that she absolutely was. The clinic called with the results, and she knew her little embie had settled in. I asked what my beta was, and she said she didnt even remember. She heard the word positive and pretty much blacked out. I was thrilled for her. I got an email later from the clinic and my beta was 37. I was a little taken aback. I thought for sure itd be higher than that since Id gotten a positive so soon at home. Betas are supposed to double every 48 hours in a healthy pregnancy. So my next beta would reveal just how healthy this pregnancy was growing. Still I celebrated. Anything over 5 is a positive, so I was de nitely pregnant. I sent Baby Mama the picture of my latest test, and she texted back happy tears. The weekend was long, but Mondays beta came back just

under 100, so my levels had doubled. I breathed a little sigh. My levels werent insanely high, but they were

doubling and thats what was important. The clinic scheduled my rst ultrasound for the following week and told us to stay cautiously optimistic. Anything can happen in the rst few weeks. But as Ive said before I will cele-brate every milestone. So we did.

The next week as we sat in the ultrasound room we laughed and joked nervously just like the

day I was pants down on the table for our transfer. I know we were all ready for a little visual reassur-

ance, and I tried not to think back to the rst time I ever found myself in this position. I was lying on the table while Hubs held our little camera, just waiting to get the rst little icker of a heartbeat of our rst baby on lm. We saw a few things on the screen that day, including two sacs and two babies. But the one thing we never saw was a heartbeat. Still to this day, even after my two healthy pregnancies, my breath catches in my chest during that rst ultrasound. So I lay there breathless as the screen swirled that black and white magic. Then I saw it. The tiny little sac with a tiny icker of hope. There it was. The babys heartbeat.

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UFs Floating Lab Offers A New Path for Neuroscience with its Unique Method for Biomedical Research

Making Waves

I t is often said that we know more about the surface of Mars than the oceans of Earth, which cover more than 70 percent of the planet. Yet, if we took the time to explore the waters of our own backyard, simple marine animals such as sea slugs, jelly-like creatures and octopus could render the answers to major questions neuroscientists have posed for years. Recent discoveries of the aliens of the sea (a term coined by neurobiologist Leonid Moroz) while exploring the Florida coastline alone have provided insight to key brain functions, develop-ment of the nervous system, and the controversial origins of certain life forms. Thats the essence of what the distinguished

University of Florida professor is investigating with his team of researchers. Their latest success is par-tially due to a unique approach: a oating laboratory. Although usually based at the Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience near St. Augustine, Fla., Morozs team has embarked on local excursions with a transportable lab that allows them to collect and analyze sea creatures without returning to land or harming their live samples. By operating in real time, valuable genetic material of fragile, short-lived specimens that would otherwise be forfeited in transit can be analyzed by on-site equipment, sent to a super computer at UF via satellites to be processed and returned on an Excel spreadsheet to the boat in a matter of hours. Somebody had to be rst [to do this], Moroz explained, and our idea is to have a Star Trek mission

W R I T T E N B Y M A R I S A R O S S

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The Copacetic, made by Frasier Yarchts, where Dr. Leonid Moroz (above) and his team work in their transportable lab. The

lab offers the opportunity for the group to collect fragile and short-lived sea creatures, such as these jellyfi sh, and analyze them

without having to return to land to do so.


49


and be self-suf cient to go where no man has gone before, as Captain Kirk said. Obviously you cannot bring home aliens from a distant planet to Earth and study them If you cannot bring the animals to the lab, you need to bring the lab to the sea. The lab itself is a steel shipping container that can con-veniently relocate to different boating hosts. Other marine stations have oating labs, so the idea isnt completely new, but what sets the onboard UF oating lab apart is its genomic sequencer, which is a cutting-edge tool for evaluating the order of nucleotides in DNA. Graduate student and team member Emily Dabe focuses on evolution of the nervous system by comparing development of

signal molecules within mollusks and humans. She said working with Morozs unconventional lab has both introduced her to an exciting way to complete her academic concentration as well as be a participant in a groundbreaking study within the eld. This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to work on a research vessel and collect specimens that we could never look at in the lab, she said. We get less samples, but we get better samples. By collecting on the boat, we can isolate RNA, we can isolate DNA and we can even sequence ... and we can do it almost instantaneously. Before venturing on a journey with the boat, a crucial problem the students and faculty often struggled with was the condition

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of samples when they arrived to the lab. Coming from remote locations such as Antarctica or Palau, preserved samples would degrade quickly while passing through customs. And once they were dissolved, the vital genetic material would disintegrate along with them.

Now, when the team gets a sample, a famous slogan inspires this motto: Just sequence it, Dabe said, jokingly. Its like Nike, but with DNA. Its not satisfying enough to take photographs and study from

Gabrielle Winters sorts samples from a plankton tow at the microscope station on the deck of the ship. Winters is a Ph.D. student studying the central nervous system of octopus, squid and cuttlefi sh. (Above) A recently collected brittle starfi sh in a jar.

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afar, agreed fellow Ph.D. student Gabrielle Winters, who studies the central nervous system of octopus, squid and cuttle sh for a better global understanding of neuroscience in the context of humans. The oating lab concept was born out of necessity for better ef ciency, she said, but after the positive experience the team has had, she said she knows this is only the beginning for Morozs grand future plan. As UF sets the standard with this innovative sequencing method that has progressed over the past few years, the team hopes to extend its testing grounds beyond the regional level on longer voyages and to more obscure destinations. So far, the lab has completed a few trips, ranging from three to seven days, near the Florida Keys and the Gulf Stream area from Fort Lauderdale to the Bahamas. Perhaps someday the lab will sail off around the world, but for now, the nearby waters are still teeming with elusive creatures

begging to be discovered. Even in what seems to be just a bucket of mud, Winters said there are potentially thousands of organisms to sift through and observe under a microscope. Her peer Rachel Sanford, another graduate student in the Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences (IDP) at UF, is also passionate about biodiversity sampling, and she recalled a particularly thrilling moment from a roughly 20-minute dive in Florida. During a plankton tow, which involves trailing a big, long net with ne mesh behind the boat, the team collected thousands of miniscule creatures. Among several species of crustaceans and other recognizable organisms, Moroz later announced that one in particular had never been documented before. Sanford said this type of discovery further proves how rev-olutionary the oating labs techniques can be for their focused eld study and knowledge of marine life.

The simple, glimmering organisms possess the ability to regrow a brain and heal wounds with virtually no damage.

BIOLOGY >> DNA SEQUENCING AT SEA

53


Biodiversity in general in the ocean is steadily decreasing, she said, and because we know so little about it, the group joins the effort in capturing a snapshot of the biodi-versity of the ocean. A number of oceanic species become extinct daily, and although Morozs team may not be able to reverse the biological clock, Sanford assures their research could cor-rect historically accepted facts and rewrite textbooks. For instance, if someone challenged the argument that sea sponges represent the oldest branch of animal of the family tree, a few years ago, it probably would have been shot down in an instant. But in the past year, Morozs team has backed up highly disputed research that sug-gests ctenophores, more commonly known as comb jellies, are the oldest phylum in the animal kingdom. Sanford, who specializes in analyzing the regeneration habits of the comb jellies, said these distinctive animals are making head-lines for dethroning a long-held scienti c belief, but also for the deeper implications they may have on the future of human medicine. The simple, glimmering organisms pos-sess the ability to regrow a brain and heal wounds with virtually no damage. I can make a cut [to the specimen], and within an hour or so, its completely healed, Sanford explained. You cant see any scar or

anything. Its almost like science ction. Figuring out the mechanisms of how this animal is able to regenerate wont necessarily yield immediate drugs that can eliminate brain trauma, but in areas such as spinal cord injuries, this research is essential and may expedite tangible, bene cial results in the next decade or so, Sanford said. Some questions still remain to be answered: Is there more than one way to build a brain? Are there undiscovered genes in cephalopods that could have a cellular effect on humans? Can a central nervous system evolve from a different lineage? There may not be an ultimatum on the foreseeable bene ts of these neurobiologi-cal questions, Winters said, but one thing is certain: Time has not been wasted and their efforts have not been in vain. The best-case scenario would be we nd something that can be implemented in treat-ment through these exploratory theories, Winters said, but the worst-case scenario of the ndings in Morozs lab wouldnt be a loss, either. Even on the worst-case scenario, she said, were still understanding something we didnt understand before about how brains function. Winters said that when and not if they nish the project, theyll know more. Then we can extrapolate, she continued, but through this research, we will learn something.

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Tracking Sea Turtles

Finding Crush

I n Finding Nemo, the 2003 Academy Award winning animated feature from Pixar and Disney, Crush is a 150-year-old sea turtle. Crush has a laid-back go with the ow attitude that he carries around the world. Unless we encounter one gliding over a Caribbean reef, Disneys Crush is as close as most of us will get to a live sea turtle. That may not be a bad thing though, that distance between humans and this fragile set of seven species. Sea turtles are endangered because of man. These keystone species face threats from a staggering array of difficulties as human populations grow, coastal zones are developed and marine habitats are degraded. There is hope however. A group of scientists and

students headquartered in Gainesville are working to ensure a healthy future for sea turtles. The group rst coalesced under the leadership of famed UF professor Archie Carr. Since 1986, his edgling group has been organized as The Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research at the University of Florida (accstr.ufl.edu) and the Sea Turtle Conservancy (www.ConserveTurtles.org formerly the Caribbean Conservation Corp.), which Carr also founded. The men and women of the Carr Center, said Director Karen Bjorndal, believe that only through research, education and conservation, can we hope to obtain the information necessary to ensure the survival of sea turtles and other aquatic species on our crowded planet. Bjorndal hopes their efforts will lead to increased public awareness and determined political action.

W R I T T E N B Y R I C K S A P P

PHOTOGRAPHY: CELESTE MCWILLIAMS

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Sea Turtle Conservancy members use a special non-damaging glue to secure the Platform Terminal Transmitter (PTT) to each turtle. Turtles return to sea with the PTT transmitter securely positioned so that it can

communicate with NOAA polar-orbiting satellites.


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Why are sea turtles important? Sea turtles have lived on Planet Earth for more than 100 million years. Routinely, turtles travel great distances much like Crush in Finding Nemo in the worlds oceans. Scientists believe the survival of sea turtles and other species is intricately linked to the survival of humankind itself. A world in which sea turtles cannot survive could soon become a world in which humans also struggle. Sea turtles are an indispensable part of the oceans network of life. They and manatees, for example, graze on seagrass beds,

which are breeding grounds for many species of sh, shell sh and crustaceans. These beds must be continually thinned to maintain their fecundity. Scientists link the decline in seagrass beds to falling numbers of sea turtles and manatees. Without sea grass beds, the Earth could experience a cascading series of extinctions, and where that would end, no one can predict.

Finding Crush The Carr Center in Carr Hall on the UF campus and the Sea Turtle Conservancy on NW 13th Street are hubs of sea turtle

PHOTOGRAPHY: WALTER STAFFORD AND STEPHEN CONNETT, FAMILY ISLAND RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

With colleagues at Bahamas National Trust and Family Island Research and Education, writes Stephen Connett, we increased the involvement of children and families with sea turtles and marine conservation in The Bahamas.

Our research generated the data on sea turtle distributions, abundance, and survival probabilities in The Bahamas that were critical for the September 2009 government decree that ended legal harvest of sea turtles in The Bahamas, writes Walter Stafford. This harvest had been extensive, and we are now seeing a signifi cant increase in the numbers of sea turtles in Bahamian waters.

Below, young students holding green turtles (Chelonia mydas) while participating in a tagging program sponsored by The Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research at the University of Florida. These students learned about marine biology and conservation in The Bahamas.

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research, education and conservation nationwide. The Center is an interdisciplinary network with faculty drawn from a range of specialties including biology, human and veterinary medicine, biotechnology and environmental engineering. A cooperative partner with the Conservancy, they jointly track individual sea turt

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