Osteoporosis
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Transcript of Osteoporosis
OSTEOPOROSIS
BONE Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates.
Functions: Movement
Support
Protect various organs of the body
Production of blood cells
Store minerals
Disorders of bone:
Bone fracture Osteomyelitis Osteoarthritis Osteoporosis
WHAT IS OSTEOPOROSIS?
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in the density of bone, decreasing its strength and resulting in fragile bones.
It leads to abnormally porous bone that is compressible, like a sponge.
Normal bone is composed of protein, collagen, and calcium, all of which give bone its strength.
This disorder of the skeleton weakens the bone and results in the frequent fractures in the bone.
The spine, hips, ribs, and wrists are common areas of bone fractures from osteoporosis.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Fractures - over 1.5 million annually caused by osteoporosis in the USA.
Vertebrae fracture - approximately 700,000 vertebral (spinal) fractures annually in the USA.
Hip fracture - about 300,000 hip fractures due to osteoporosis annually in the USA.
Wrist fracture - about 250,000 wrist fractures in the USA.
Types of osteoporosis:
Primary osteoporosis:
The condition is caused by age-related bone loss.
Usually in people after the age of 70.
Secondary osteoporosis:
The loss of bone mass is caused by lifestyle factors, diseases or medications.
Causes: Hypogonadism alcohol abusehypercalciurea immobilization
• At the top is the normal Bone
• Effected by osteopenia showing lack of calcium
• Severe case of osteoporosis
CAUSES:
Thin and small body frame
Family history of osteoporosis
Smoking
Low testosterone levels in men (hypogonadism)
Chemotherapy
Chronic inflammation, due to chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or liver diseases
Hyperthyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Excessive alcohol consumption
Diet low in calcium
Malabsorption
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: Fracture
Swelling
Joint pain
Disfigurement
Debilitation
Kyphosis (is a common condition of a curvature of the upper back.)
DIAGNOSIS: A routine X-ray can reveal osteoporosis of the bone because the bones appear much thinner and lighter than normal bones.
Bone mineral density test that can measure the strength of your bone.
Often blood tests are used to measure calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, testosterone, and thyroid and kidney function.
Ultrasound .
PATHOGENESIS
PREVENTION Lifestyle changes
curtailing excessive alcohol intake
exercising regularly
consuming a balanced diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D.
MEDICATIONS BIOPHOSPHONATES :
GENERIC NAME TRADE NAME
• Alendronate
• Ibandronate
• Zoledronic acid
• Fosamax
• Boniva
• Reclast
CALCITONIN:
RALOXIFENE:
GENERIC NAME TRADE NAME
• Calcitonin • Cibacalcin
GENERIC NAME TRADE NAME
• Raloxifene • Evista
Biophosphonates: Alendronate (Fosamax)
Ibandronate (Boniva)
Zoledronic acid (Reclast)
MODE OF ACTIONThis class of medicines slow the rate of bone thinning and can lead to increased
bone density. Bisphosphonates’ mechanisms of action all
stem from their structures' similarity to pyrophosphate. A bisphosphonate group
mimics pyrophosphate's structure, thereby inhibiting activation of enzymes that utilize
pyrophosphate.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Of the bisphosphonate that is resorbed (from oral preparation) or infused (for
intravenous drugs), about 50% is excreted unchanged by the kidney. The remainder
has a very high affinity for bone tissue, and is rapidly adsorbed onto the bone surface.
Side effects:
Heartburn, abdominal pain, and irritation of the esophagus.
Headache and pain in muscles and joints.
Calcitonin Cibacalcin
MODE OF ACTION
It helps to regulate calcium levels in your body and is part of the bone-building process.
Calcitonin is potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption.
Calcitonin inhibits bone resorption and slows down rate of bone loss.
Side effects: Runny nose or nasal discomfort. Nausea. Skin redness (flushing).
Raloxifene (Evista)
MODE OF ACTION Evista (raloxifene) reduces the amount of calcium lost from bones. It helps to prevent bone loss and to increase normal healthy bone formation in patients with osteoporosis.
Side effects• Swelling.• Warmth. • Pain or tenderness.• Redness.
DOSAGE
DRUGS DOSE Boniva (Ibandronate)
Cibacalcin (Calcitonin)
Evista (Raloxifene)
white, oblong, 2.5 mg film-coated tablet
100-200ul in nasal spray form, one puff per day
1 tablet (60 mg) orally once a day
Therapies:Physical therapy:
Help you build bone strength and improve your posture.
Balance and muscle strength.
OSTEO DIET Eat your veggies and fruit
Get some daily sunshine for vitamin D
REFERENCES Drugs.com Medicine.net Medscape education.comScience daily.com
November World
OSTEOPOROSIS
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