2X-Thru, 1X-Reflection, and Thru-Line de-embedding: Theory ...
OSHA Enforcement Update · Top 10 Most Cited Standards 1. 1926.501 thru 503 Fall Protection 2....
Transcript of OSHA Enforcement Update · Top 10 Most Cited Standards 1. 1926.501 thru 503 Fall Protection 2....
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Joseph J. WarnerAssistant Area Director
OSHA – Cleveland, Ohio
OSHA Enforcement Update
Ohio Association of Metal FinishersMay 19, 2015
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Why Work Safely?
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OSHA’s MissionAssure so far as possible safe and healthful working conditions for every working man and woman in the nation.
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Federal OSHA
• OSHA Staff: 2,305• Workers: 130 million• Worksites: 8 million• Regional Offices: 10• Local Area Offices: 90
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Federal OSHAOhio Offices
• OSHA Inspectors: 58• Workers: 5.0 million• Worksites: 287,865• Local Area Offices: 4
– Toledo– Columbus– Cleveland– Cincinnati
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Who is covered by the OSH Act?
• Most private sector employees• Coverage is provided directly by federal
OSHA or through an OSHA-approved state program
• Does not cover the self-employed or immediate members of farm families that do not employ outside workers
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Workplace Inspections
• Every establishment covered by the OSH Act is subject to inspection by OSHA compliance safety and health officers (CSHO's)
• Most inspections are conducted without advance notice
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HOW DOES OSHA PICK THE COMPANIES TO BE
INSPECTED?
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OSHA Inspections• Imminent Danger – any condition where there
is reasonable certainty a danger exists that can be expected to cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before the danger can be eliminated through normal enforcement procedures
• Catastrophes and Fatalities – death of one or more employees or the hospitalization of three or more employees [Report within 8 hours]
• Amputations/Loss of Eyes/Hospitalizations –[Report within 24 hours]
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OSHA Inspections• Employee Complaints
– Formal: Complaint signed by a current employee - an inspection
– Non-Formal: Complaint with no signature, anonymous, public, former employee – no inspection (phone & fax)
• Referrals– Law Enforcement– Other Governmental Agencies– Media
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www.OSHA.gov
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OSHA Inspections
• Programmed Inspections
– National Emphasis Programs (NEP)
– Local Emphasis Programs (LEP)
– U-Tenn inspections (Construction)
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OSHA Inspections
• Follow-ups– Fatalities and Catastrophes– Significant Cases– No abatement verification
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OSHA INSPECTIONS• Inspection stages
– Inspector’s Credentials– Opening Conference– Walkaround– Closing Conference– Citations– Review Process– Abatement Verification– Can happen anytime including Saturdays
• “Safety & Health Take No Breaks!”
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Inspector’s Credentials• Inspector displays credentials• Asks to meet an appropriate
employer representative – Be sure all employees know who is
in charge at the job site– CSHO usually will wait a
reasonable, but short amount of time. Depending on amount of time, reason for delay & type of inspection
– OSHA will get a warrant if necessary
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Inspector’s Credentials (Cont.)
• Employers should always ask– There are individuals that will say
they are OSHA to get on the jobsite for various reasons (competitors, vendors, attorneys, etc.)
• Employer can call local OSHA office to verify– Cleveland Office 216-447-4194– Toledo Office 419-259-7542– Columbus Office 614-469-5582– Cincinnati Office 513-841-4132
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Opening Conference• Inspector:
– Explains how worksite was selected– Explains scope of inspection – Provides copy of complaint (if applicable)
• You will not be told who filed the complaint• Employers cannot discriminate against an
employee for filing a complaint– Employees are protected from discrimination by
Section 11-C of the OSH Act
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Opening Conference (Cont.)
• Inspector:– Asks for employer representative to
accompany them during the inspection• Important to have representation during
inspection (plan on who - in advance)• Answer questions, offer explanations, etc.
– Asks for an authorized employee representative (union) to accompany them during an inspection
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The WalkaroundInspector: • Proceeds through the establishment to identify
safety and health hazards– A company representative should be
present– Cooperative and respectful – A second employee to abate minor
violation (possible quick fix penalty reductions, if appropriate)
• Determines route and duration of the inspection• Talks privately with employees
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The Walkaround (cont.)Inspector: • Takes photos/videotapes
– Company Rep. should take pictures of same angle and other if apply
• Reviews records, programs– Be sure your records are in order. Last
minute is no time to put them in order– Be sure that programs are in written form
when required by an OSHA standard)• Conducts monitoring (if applicable)
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The Closing Conference• All observed unsafe and unhealthful conditions are
discussed• Violations for which a citation and penalty may be issued
are indicated• Inspector will not indicate any specific penalty but informs
employer of appeal rights• Abatement times are discussed• Appeals processes are discussed• Separate closing conference if employee representative
does not participate• Good time to ask questions about the process if you have
any
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Post Closing Conference
• Inspector reports findings• Area Director determines whether citations will be
issued and whether penalties will be proposed• Site employer representative should compile his
notes to create a report to be filed with management• During this time get field and Mgt. personnel
together, review all notes and documents and determine what steps need to be taken next
• Remove employees from hazards! Interim protection where necessary
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Citations• Employer will receive citations and notices by
certified mail• Employer must post a copy of each citation at or
near the place the violation occurred for 3 days or until it is abated – whichever is longer
• Inform the employer and employees of the regulations and standards alleged to have been violated
• Inform the employer and employees of the proposed abatement date
• Appeals process is explained
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Citations: Types of Violations
• Violations– other-than-serious– serious– willful– repeat– failure-to-abate
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Other-Than-Serious
• Direct relationship to job safety and health but would not cause death or serious physical harm
• Penalty $0 to $7000• May be adjusted downward as much as
95% (size, good faith, and history)
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Serious
• Substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result
• Penalty $1500 to $7000• May be adjusted downward for size, good
faith, and history
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Willful
• Employer intentionally and/or knowingly exposes employees to a hazardous condition– Employer is aware of the hazardous
condition– Employer knows it violates a standard or
obligation of the Act– Employer makes no reasonable effort to
eliminate the hazard
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Willful• Penalty $5000 to $70,000• Criminal sanctions may be imposed if
resulting in the death of an employee– Penalty of $250,000 ($500,000
corporation)– or 6 months imprisonment– or both
– May be reduced for size only
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Repeat
• Inspection reveals a substantially similar violation is found and the original citation has become a final order
• Penalties up to $70,000 for each violation
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Failure-to-Abate
• Employer fails to correct a prior violation• Penalties up to $7000 per day beyond the
prescribed abatement date
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Citations• Once an employer receives a citation notice, a copy
of each citation must be posted at or near the place the violation occurred for 3 days or until it is abated (which ever is longer), even if you contest the citation.
• If employer agrees to the citation and penalties– Correct the conditions by the date set– Notify the Area Director by Certified Mail of the
corrective action– Pay any penalties within 15 working days of receipt
of notice
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Citations (Continued)• Informal Settlement Agreement
– Before filing a Notice of Intent to Contest– Request an Informal Conference with the
Area Director (contact the Area Office ASAP to schedule)
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Citations (Continued)• Informal Settlement Agreement
– Often an Informal Settlement Agreement will be sent with the citation (Expedited Informal Settlement Agreement)
– Must be done within 15 working days of the citation
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Citations (Continued)• If employer does NOT agree the employer has 15
working days from the date of receiving the citation to contest in writing the citation, proposed penalty and/or abatement date.– Penalties and/or abatement dates will be suspended
until Review Commission’s final order– Contest must be made in good faith– If only penalty or some items are contested the
remainder must be abated or paid by the date on the citation.
– Penalties and/or citations properly contested will not have to be abated or paid until resolved
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Citations (Continued)– The Employer can try to settle with OSHA’s attorney– IF not, a hearing (trial) will be scheduled– You may represent yourself or have council– The judge can affirm, modify or eliminate any
contested items– Either party can request a review of the full
Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission• (Independent body from OSHA)
– The Commission’s ruling can be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals
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Nationwide FY13 Top 10 Most Cited Standards
1. 1926.501 thru 503 Fall Protection2. 1910.1200 Hazard Communication3. 19926.451 thru .454 Scaffolding4. 1910.134 Respiratory Protection5. 1910.305 Electrical, Wiring Methods6. 1910.25 thru .27 Ladders
7. 1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks
8. 1910.147 Lockout/Tag out
9. 1910.303 Electrical General requirements
10.1910.212 Machine GuardingDa Source: OIS Frequently Cited Stnds. Rpt. Dated 9/17/13
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1. 1910.134 Respiratory Protection2. 1910.1200 Hazard Communication3. 1910.1026 Chromium VI4. 1910.305 Wiring methods, components, equipment
for general use5. 1910.132 Personal Protective Equipment6. 1910.303 Electrical (General)7. 1910.23(b) Guarding floor & wall openings and
holes8. 1910.147 Lockout/tag out9. 1910.151 Medical Services & First Aid10. 1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks 37
NAICS Code: 332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring
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Cont.11. 1926.62 Lead (construction)12. 1910.212 General Requirements for all machines13. 1910.217 Mechanical power transmission apparatus14. 1910.22 & 23(c thru e) Housekeeping/aisles/covers/guardrails/floor openings15. 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers16. 1910.179 Overhead and gantry cranes17. 1910.124 Dipping & Coating Operations (General)18. 1910.133 Eye & Face Protection19. 1910.1000/1026 Air Contaminants20. 1910.146 Permit Required Confined Spaces
38
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Can we beat an OSHA citation?
• Employee Misconduct• Must prove all four of these:
– Work rule clearly established– Rule is clearly communicated to employees– Monitor compliance (evidence of such
extremely helpful)– Discipline issued when required
39
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Joe’s Tips For Employers • Have a plan to inform top managers of OSHA’s
arrival and results of the inspection• Be respectful• Don’t impede Compliance Officer• Take notes and photos• Ask Compliance Officer questions to help you
understand hazards and corrective actions• Provide documents as soon as possible • Make sure you understand what is being
requested • Fix It Fast !!!!!!
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Targeting High Risk Hazards
Workplace Fatality Data
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0
2.75
5.5
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12*
5.2 5.34.9 4.8 4.8
4.5 4.5 4.3 4.34 4 4.1 4 4.2 4
3.7 3.5 3.6 3.53.2
Fatal Work Injuries per 100,000 Workers42
Fatality RATES are down 35% since
1994
Rate of Fatal Work Injuries Continues to Drop1993-2012
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (*2012 data)
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804
666
895823 848
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
FY 10 FY 11 FY 12 FY 13 FY 14
FY 2010 ‐ FY 2014 Nationwide Fatalities
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Region V Fatality Study DataFY2010 – FY2014
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45
6
15
8
12
1011
5
12
9
21
10
8
18
13
9
7
11
1413
8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Toledo
Fatalities Ohio Area Offices FY 2010 ‐ FY 2014
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14
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166, 29%
156, 27%
254, 44%
Region V Fatalities by Industry FY 2010 ‐ FY 2014
Construction
Manufacturing
Other
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186
145 145
3227
2318
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Struck Fall Caught Electrocution Exposure Other Fire/Explosion
Region V Fatalities by Event FY 2010 ‐ FY 2014
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The “Big 3” Falls, Caught‐In, Struck‐By
• The “Big 3” comprises 80% of all fatalities in Region V.
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Region V Fatality Trends -Caught In Equipment
• Lack of Machine Guarding
• No Lockout/Tagout Procedures
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Evidence of Imminent Cave-in
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View of trench after inspection(More cave-ins of sides,
including where employee was working)
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Region V Fatality Trends – Falls
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0 5 10 15 20 25
Fall from ladder
Fall from roof
Fall from same level
Fall from elevation, NEC
Fall from elevated lift or platform
Fall from nonmoving vehicle
25
19
18
16
14
9
Region V Fall Fatalities FY 2010 ‐ FY 2014
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Fall from Ladders
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Electronics Recycling Facility
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Temporary Worker InitiativeToo many fatalities reported are found to be temporary workers.
OSHA Memorandum to Regional Administrators:
CSHOs will assess whether employers who use temporary workers are complying with their responsibilities under the OSH Act
CSHOs will code the information in their records to denote when temporary workers are exposed to safety and health violations
CSHOs will assess whether temporary workers received required training in a language and vocabulary they could understand
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Targeting High Risk Hazards
OSHA Citation Data
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National Emphasis ProgramsCurrent:• Amputations• Combustible Dust• Fed Agencies• Food Flavorings• Hex Chrome • Lead• Primary Metals• PSM (Chem Plants)
• Nursing Homes & Residential Care Facilities
• Silica• Ship Breaking• Trenching• Isocyanates
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Region V Local Emphasis Programs (LEPs) - FY 14
• Fall Hazards (Construction & General Industry)• Primary Metals • Grain Handling Facilities• Tree Trimming Operations• Powered Industrial Vehicles (Construction & GI)• Maritime (IN, MI)• Building Renovation/Rehab - “Gut Rehab”• High Rise Construction (Chicago AOs)• Dairy Farm LEP (Wisconsin AOs)• Federal Agencies (IN, MI, MN)
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33,000
34,000
35,000
36,000
37,000
38,000
39,000
40,000
41,000
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14
40,99340,448
40,976
39,124
36,054
Inspections Conducted (Federal) FY 2010 - FY 2014
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• 6,349 total inspections– 2,959 of which were construction– 1,441 were health inspections
• Ohio inspection in FY 2014– 2,251 total inspections– 1,067 were construction– 501 were health inspections
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Region V FY-2014 Inspection Data
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660%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY 14
60%56%
50%48% 47%
Region V - % Construction Inspections FY 2010 - FY 2014
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14
60% 58%
49% 49%44%
40%42%
51% 51%56%
% Programmed vs % Unprogrammed FY 2010 - FY 2014
Programmed Unprogrammed
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$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14
$1,053
$2,203
$3,106$2,837 $2,926
FY 2010 - FY 2014 Nationwide Average Initial Penalty Per Serious
Violation
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The rule expands the list of severe work‐related injuries and illnesses that all covered employersmust report to OSHA.
Starting January 1, employers must report the following to OSHA:• All work‐related fatalities within 8 hours (same as current requirement)• All work‐related in‐patient hospitalizations of one or more employees
within 24 hours• All work‐related amputations within 24 hours• All work‐related losses of an eye within 24 hours
www.osha.gov
Updates to OSHA’s Recordkeeping and Reporting Rule
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Questions?